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The paper focuses on Romanian experiences regarding the financial strategies used by managers from pre-university education. In Romania, local public authorities provide funds to pre-university institutions. Given the sharp economic recession and the austerity measures imposed by Romanian government, the public executives had to find solutions in collecting additional funds and in spending wisely the existing financial resources. Therefore, our paper aims at examining several practices regarding: (i) employees' wages, (ii) EU funds implementing, (iii) self-financing activities, (iv) public procurement and (v) balancing strategies for the budgets, which could improve the financial management of public institutions. This also can contribute to the increase in the efficiency of spending at micro-level within public administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decentralization of public management in the sphere of tertiary education in developed countries has led to the spread of similar trends in developing countries and countries with economies in transition. The academic paper assesses the effectiveness of forms of decentralization of public management on the basis of statistical analysis of quality indicators of tertiary education system of Hungary, Poland, Romania and Ukraine. As a result, the effectiveness of decentralization has been confirmed, provided that the transformation of public management institutions is ensured. Forms of decentralization determine its effectiveness. Common problems of tertiary education systems have been identified, which have led to the need for decentralization: the need for quality educational services, increasing the level of public access to tertiary education, financial pressure on central budgets. It has been determined that territorial and functional deregulation was aimed mainly at self-financing of tertiary educational institutions, formation of a competitive market of educational services, integration of the private sector into the public one for the development of the quality of state tertiary education. The basic advantages of decentralization have been highlighted in the academic paper, namely: 1) increasing the level of enrollment of the population to tertiary educational institutions due to accessibility; 2) reducing the level of state expenditure on education; 3) improving the quality of state tertiary educational institutions, meeting the requirements of the labor market; 4) actualization of the autonomy of higher educational institutions uner the conditions of pandemic of Covid - 19. Three distinct models of decentralization of tertiary education have been identified, namely: territorial decentralization in Poland, asymmetric decentralization with an emphasis on self-financing in Romania, and functional decentralization in Hungary and Ukraine. The basic features of decentralization of the studied countries have been highlighted, namely: flexibility, adaptability of legislation, transformation of public management institutions, deregulation of government functions, change of financing tools with the possibility of attracting funds from private partners (business), expansion of access to educational services, formation of hybrid private-state institutions with corporate status, reduction of financial pressure, supervision and control. The need for decentralization and improvement of its forms within the conditions of a pandemic of Covid-19 has been confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial decentralization is an essential component part for the political, administrative and economic decentralization process, with major involvement on the economic and social system in Romania. Although the authorities of the local public administration in Romania were authorised to ensure the local communities the services provided by law and even to involve in the economic-social development of the towns and communes, in fact they have never had enough financial sources from the state budget or from the local budgets. The local budgets represent the planning and management tools of the financial activity of the territorial-administrative units. Their structure reflects the autonomy level of the local administration towards the central level and the links existing between the different territorial administrations. Also, the local budgets reflect the flows of incomes formation and the expenses of the local administrations, the method of financing the expenses on destinations and the deficits covering. The local authorities must access external aid programs, in order to be able to achieve the investigation works related to the commune infrastructure, due to the fact that the local incomes are insufficient to achieve investigations works from their own sources. In this context, the present paper proposes to highlight the characteristics of the budget process within the local public administration in the rural sector area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both deconcentration and decentralisation are used in the organisation of public services in Romania, but the lack of additional details has brought about confusion in the practical application of the two principles. When implementing decentralisation and deconcentration in the management of public services, one must use a series of specific public management principles and regulations that should be constantly interdependent, aspects that the present paper will tackle. The reform of public administration is currently focused on continuing the decentralisation process in several types of activities, while the apparent trend is to turn certain deconcentrated public services into decentralised ones [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to provide an analytical framework for decentralization of health services in Romania. Decentralization, intended as a measure to increase quality of health services provided to the population, and to a better functioning of these some health units far not led to the expected results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, global economy has to face some difficulties, especially since the financial crisis is still a present factor in our economy. This research paper emphasizes the importance of adopting, especially during instability periods, coherent measures by all those who have the power of decision in terms of local budgetary revenue collection and expenditure destination. It is necessary that the regional development dimensions to be conceived according to the diversity of nations, their historical background, but also the cultural, economic and social development discrepancies. We have also underlined the connection between regional development, local autonomy and decentralization, mainly the administrative decentralization, as these concepts define the transfer of responsibilities for the planning, financing and management of certain public functions from the central Government to subordinate units or regional and local authorities. The article focuses on the Global Index of Development and its specific indicators which reveal region's social-economic and financial performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research study aims to reflect some of the operating modes of the Romanian healthcare system, which seem to have remained unchanged in the last 30 years. A general background of the medical system will bring into play principles such as: society responsibility for the public health, multidisciplinary approach, decentralization of the public health system or an integrated informational and computerized system for the public heath management. Two important dimensions we considered to be the most relevant have been highlighted in our paper, namely, the patients' rights and obligations and accessibility to medical services, as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper emphasizes the strong impact of decentralization and local autonomy on the local development. Finding the most efficient ways in which to reach a sustainable development for the regions, counties, municipalities and the towns of Romania is a very important issue and brings about many divergent discussions among our representatives. We have approached local autonomy and decentralization from a financial point of view, taking into account the regulations given by the European Charter of Local Autonomy and the Regional Development Laws. We have presented the execution account and the Hunter index for Brasov municipality for 2004 - 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses upon the idea of globalization and its influence on building more progressive local and regional development strategies, taking into consideration the local and regional circumstances of Republic of Moldova. An interesting task is to determine where the top-down and central control stops, as well as where local autonomy begins and the way a strong regional development of country may be built. All this due to the fact that currently a strong state, a developed and competitive one is decentralized, and should have strong local communities which grow dynamically and solve local problems quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Romania, the bond market was set up later, comparatively to the equity market. This market is in a development process, but the international financial crisis has affected even the interest of investors in bonds. The secondary municipal bond market is not a very liquid market because these securities are bought from the primary market and held in portfolios by investors because these bonds have a low risk. The issue of these bonds is correlated with the financial independence and the level of decentralization of the local public authorities. The issuance of these bonds is correlated with financial independence and decentralization level specific to local public authorities. Under crisis conditions, the volatility of this market is more significant, the increasing deficits of local budgets decreasing the interest of the middle-class in investing in such financial instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some economic reforms in Eastern Europe, such as the Hungarian reforms, have been widely reported by Western observers[1, 6]. Others, such as the Romanian reforms of 1967 and 1978, have gone virtually unnoticed. Yet, despite fundamental differences between the Hungarian and the Romanian reforms, many similarities do exist between them and other similar reform movements in Eastern Europe. In a fundamental sense, they all strive to adapt their economic management systems to the dynamics of an increasingly complex domestic economy, as well as adapting to the even more exacting demands of the international marketplace. The latest Romanian reform of 1978 is no exception in this regard. It was intended, using the official characterisation, to enable Romania to proceed from "extensive" growth to "intensive" growth, thus enabling it to join the ranks of "moderately developed" countries by the end of this decade[2]. Increasing Romania's ability to compete internationally and, hence, to finance much-needed imports of technology and raw materials was a significant component of this strategy. Romanian planners pinned great hopes on the success of the reform measures which became more crucial with the deterioration of international economic conditions in the early 1980s. The purpose of this article is to highlight recent managerial decentralisation measures in Romania, indicate their implications for marketing, and provide some observations regarding their implementation in practice. Official sources as well as first-hand observations are used in drawing the conclusions reported in the article. The Romanian experience may well provide valuable insights into other East European reforms currently being implemented in the region. Western decision makers would be well advised to keep abreast of these developments since their ramifications may well extend far beyond the frontiers of the countries involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]