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This paper presents the step-by-step development and implementation of real-time data transmission from a distant Observatory. Using Python programming language, we have developed an algorithm for automated data transmission of high resolution real-time magnetic data from Choutuppal (CPL) and Hyderabad (HYB), India to INTERMAGNET Edinburgh GIN, with minimal internet services. We have designed a system to transfer the data in a secured and encrypted pattern with SSH keys and save the same dataset in the local server at CSIR-NGRI. Both the Observatories data are transmitted to GIN in real-time with a time frame of less than 300 s. After successfully transmitting real-time 1 min geomagnetic data from CPL and HYB Observatories to Edinburgh GIN, CPL's 1 s real-time data is also initiated and is one of the first Indian observatories to transmit real-time 1 s data to GIN. The details of algorithm development, function libraries and the challenges faced for 1 s and 1 min data transmission at both the Observatories are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing child mortality with quality care is the prime-most concern of all nations. Thus in current IT era, our healthcare industry needs to focus on adapting information technology in healthcare services. Barring few preliminary attempts to digitalize basic hospital administrative and clinical functions, even today in India, child health and vaccination records are still maintained as paper-based records. Also, error in manually plotting the parameters in growth charts results in missed opportunities for early detection of growth disorders in children. To address these concerns, we present India's first hospital linked, affordable automated vaccination and real-time child's growth monitoring cloud based application- Integrated Child Health Record cloud (iCHRcloud). This application is based on HL7 protocol enabling integration with hospital's HIS/EMR system. It provides Java (Enterprise Service Bus and Hibernate) based web portal for doctors and mobile application for parents, enhancing doctor-parent engagement. It leverages highchart to automate chart preparation and provides access of data via Push Notification (GCM and APNS) to parents on iOS and Android mobile platforms. iCHRcloud has also been recognized as one of the best innovative solution in three nationwide challenges, 2016 in India. iCHRcloud offers a seamless, secure (256 bit HTTPS) and sustainable solution to reduce child mortality. Detail analysis on preliminary data of 16,490 child health records highlight the diversified need of various demographic regions. Thus, primary lesson would be to implement better validation strategies to fulfill the customize requisites of entire population. This paper presents first glimpse of data and power of the analytics in policy framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Indian manufacturing industries have undergone a significant transformation emphasising customer-centric objectives to meet the dynamic market's demands. To achieve this, existing industries must upgrade their existing infrastructure to a smart environment driven by automatic data exchange, transparency, and interconnected digital systems. These are the key enabling elements of Industry 4.0. As a result, many Indian industries are developing various sophisticated implementation strategies for adopting it. However, few research works and strategies contribute to its effective and successful implementation. This paper proposes two types of implementation strategies for implementing Industry 4.0 enabling technologies based on the requirements and adaptability of India's commercial vehicle manufacturing industry. The first strategy identifies various aspects of implementing Industry 4.0 enabling framework elements and categorizes it for developing implementation strategies based on India's commercial vehicle manufacturing industry. The significance of each was determined using fuzzy-AHP analysis and ranked accordingly based on the linguistic responses of the industry experts. The most significant framework element is found to be 'Decision Making and Management Skills'. The second strategy emphasizes long-term sustainable implementation objectives. The framework elements are reconstructed and developed into a novel, customized sustainable framework based on six dimensions of sustainability. Using the Fuzzy-DEMATEL method, the causal relationships among these elements are investigated to determine a sustainable implementation strategy. 'Central Database Server' is determined to be the most significant sustainable framework element, while the maximum number of casual relationships is obtained from the group, 'Skill upgradation of the workforce'. This paper proposes a novel research direction for implementing Industry 4.0 technologies into the existing industry. The findings provide several insights and strategies for technological upgradation in other industries in this geographical region. The findings of the work enhance the implementation process of I4.0 technologies, transitioning it from a conventional approach to a futuristic sustainable implementation that is economical and effective. • Industry 4.0 enabling framework elements for Indian manufacturing industry were identified and categorised. • Significance of each framework element are determined using Fuzzy AHP. • A customised sustainable framework of I4.0 enabling elements is presented. • Fuzzy DEMATEL approach used to examine their causal relationships and significance based on long-term sustainability. • Sustainable implementation strategies and implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes indigenous design, development, and commissioning of Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) for computer-aided monitoring and control of 10MVA power distribution network of Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur in India. RTUs play a significant role in data monitoring and control of the power distribution network from a remote location. Remote monitoring and control of the distribution system is also called Distribution Automation (DA). The developed and commissioned RTUs are based on an architecture that eliminates the requirement of DC transducer stage. This significantly reduces the cost and size of the RTU and the effort required during installation and commissioning of the RTU. The developed RTUs support the industry standard open protocol "Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3.0)" for data communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel, non-pilot scheme to avail Accelerated Trip (AT) signal using local measurements for the distance relays. • Method based on total relative reactance change – not requiring any extra hardware for implementation. • Fast operation of a non-pilot method comparable with permissive transfer trip signal delays. • Testing of methods in varying types of contingencies to ensure correct operation such as evolving high impedance fault and remote-end breaker arc re-striking. • Confirmation of the tests with relay data record-timing diagrams discussed in the protection subcommittee meeting, NRPC, India. Challenges about the accurate impedance measurement comply pessimistic setting of distance relay reach. Hence, internal, remote-end faults from either end of the connected power system's protected line section are cleared with a prolonged time delay. Although carrier communication-aided protection schemes can accelerate the relay operation, latency in data transmission and link failure hampers the reliability of communication-assisted TRIP schemes. The present article analyzes the adverse effects of the inadvertently long fault clearing time due to the contingent communication-assisted transfer trips. To overcome the challenges by minimizing fault clearing time, the paper proposes a simple yet effective method of monitoring the total relative reactance change seen by the relay to discriminate between internal and external faults to the protected line section and consequently issue of Accelerated Trip (AT) signal for internal faults without communication assistance. The method monitors the total relative change of reactance over the specified time window and compares the same with the threshold to discriminate between internal and external faults. In addition, a steady state difference between the apparent values of the measured reactance is used to improve the robustness of the proposed algorithm further. The method has shown robustness against a wide range of fault resistance and fault types. Moreover, extensive unique tests are carried out and reported such as AT issue stability during remote-end breaker arc re-ignition for internal faults, sudden change in fault resistance during the detection window, and the fault on mutually coupled parallel line section. The method issues AT signal in 70 ms from the point of fault inception, comparable with the permissive transfer trip signal delay. Moreover, the AT signal issue is independent of the fault MVA for the remote end, internal faults, and the mutual inductance due to coupled parallel lines. The timings for the fault inception to clearing process are referred from relay data records presented in the protection sub-committee meeting of the Northern Region Power Committee (NRPC), India. The modeling and simulations are carried out using PSCAD software and the algorithm is tested with MATLAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is divided into 22 Service Areas consisting of 19 Telecom Circle Service Areas and 3 Metro Service Areas for providing Cellular Mobile Telephone Service (CMTS). The country’s mobile Penetration 84% and Internet penetration 60%. The 22 LSAs were conceived in 1995 were based on revenue earning potential in 1995 but after the 5G Auctions 2022 we have to move a finer granulation of the market. This is because 22 LSAs are heterogeneous in its willingness to pay across the range of digital services. Indian Telecom is a 4-player market, R.Jio, Airtel, VI, and BSNL. Post 5G Auctions there has to be closer alignment with the market characteristics. Customizations according to LSA may not be practical. IoT, machine-to-machine communication Gaming, and Augmented reality will see a huge demand in the period leading from 2023. 5G implies short range data intensive communication. It came without surprise when the mm waves saw the maximum subscription in this auction. mm waves account for high data capacity with less penetration. Hence we will see a migration from to micro and Pico cells. LSA will have to model on micro cells for high intensity usage. Operators will need to focus on minimum viable area-Smallest area compatible with profitable operations. This will need redesign of the current LSAs and split circle to reduce barrier promote competition and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are autonomous fliers, which can play different roles in modern day applications. In one of the important role, UAVs can act as aerial data forwarding nodes for communication range enhancement in remote areas. UAVs form a web of drones, which can be geo‐distributed across a large area to serve various applications. However, the two major contradicting challenges with respect to multi‐UAV networks are channel congestion and flight time enhancement. The use of effective data transmission techniques to handle congestion can lead to higher battery dissipation, which in turn end up in the reduction in flight time. However, it is utmost necessity to provide an effective framework, which can provide a viable solution for handling congestion in multi‐UAV networks while enhancing the flight time of UAVs. To handle these issues, software‐defined network (SDN)–enabled opportunistic offloading and charging scheme (SOOCS) in multi‐UAV ecosystem is designed in this paper. In this scheme, an opportunistic offloading scheme is proposed, which uses an SDN‐based control model to handle congestion issues. Apart from this, an opportunistic energy‐charging scheme is designed, wherein the UAVS can either replenish their batteries using solar plates or they can wirelessly charge energy from charging points deployed at various geo‐distributed locations. The proposed scheme is evaluated using a simulation‐based study over the realistic deployment of charging points in Chandigarh City, India. The results obtained show the superiority of SOOCS over other variants of its category in terms of end‐to‐end delay, throughput, and hand‐over latency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India was the second highest COVID-19 affected country in the world with 2.1 million cases by 11th August. This study focused on the spatial transmission of the pandemic among the 640 districts in India over time, and aimed to understand the urban-centric nature of the infection. The connectivity context was emphasized that possibly had inflicted the outbreak. Using the modes of transmission data for the available cases, the diffusion of this disease was explained. Metropolitans contributed three-fourths of total cases from the beginning. The transport networks attributed significantly in transmitting the virus from the urban containment zones. Later, there was a gradual shift of infections from urban to rural areas; however, the numbers kept increasing in the former. The massive reverse migration after lockdown spiked the infected cases further. Districts with airports reported more with influx of international passengers. A profound east–west division in April with higher infections in the southern and western districts existed. By mid-May eastern India saw a steep rise in active cases. Moran's I analysis showed a low autocorrelation initially which increased over time. Hotspot clustering was observed in western Maharashtra, eastern Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and around Kolkata by the second week of August. The diffusion was due to travel, exposure to infected individuals and among the frontline workers. Spatial regression models confirmed that urbanization was positively correlated with higher incidences of infections. Transit mediums, especially rail and aviation were positively associated. These models validated the crucial role of spatial proximity in diffusion of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data and information constitute a valuable resource both for the companies in general and individuals in specific. The traditional paper based transaction has been replaced by electronic transaction and now a day's most of the valuable data and information's are stored in electronic medium. Therefore data and information security have become a matter of great concern for every agencies acting on faith of e-transaction. In India there remains an added significance owing to the fact that a growing number of companies seek more centralized and less expensive methods of processing information, they're turning to offshore outsourcing to fulfill many of their business and human resources processes. Data theft is not in itself a new concept, but has become an increasingly important issue in the digital age. The new mode of communication, its malleability, transmissibility, networking capacity, affect our lives in many and sometimes surprising ways, it requires that we find new legal solutions for new social questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at the simulation of heavy rain effects on communication systems in the hilly areas like Mizoram in India. The scope of the present research work is the altitude regions ranging from 4,000-7,000 feet (ft) from the sea level as well as the rain intensity in the range 2,000 to 4,000 millimeter (mm) per year. A simple mathematical formula for calculating the rain attenuation is used. The average attenuation is simulated in a communication system having base-band modulator-demodulator. The number of errors is calculated in a different set of transmitted data and at different attenuation levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Law Enforcement has withstood many challenges over the years. Now, the new forms of crime that confront the authorities are computer related crimes. Law Breakers have integrated highly technical methods with traditional crimes and have developed creative and new types of crimes as well. Moreover, the evidence in these crimes is neither physical nor human but it exists, in little more than electronic impulse and programming codes. Regrettably, the police have lagged behind in the computer age and must overcome a steep learning curve. To make matters worse, the computer crime is difficult for common public as well as for the officials to comprehend and accept it as a major problem with a local impact, regardless of the size or the location of their communities. Information, identified as the commodity of greatest value in the new millennium by futurist has become the new target of cyber criminals. This paper makes an attempt to identify the factors which the criminality of this type makes it difficult to address. The machinery handling cyber crime issues in India are also studied in detail and the modus operandi of the new wave criminals are discussed. The issues in legislation and impediments in investigation are also examined with a view to provide counter security measures to prevent, control cure and detect the threats of/to/by the Computers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free space optics (FSO) is considered as one of the emerging technologies in wireless communication system. In this work, real time data analysis of fog weather condition has been performed for hilly regions of north west region (Nainital, Uttarakhand) and north east region (Imphal, Manipur) of India. Different models have been considered for calculation of fog attenuation considering two specific months (January and February) for six consecutive years from 2016 to 2021. Quality of received signal has been analysed in terms of internal system parameters of an FSO link by incorporating amplitude shift keying, phase shift keying and duobinary return-to-zero modulation techniques at a data rate and transmission wavelength of 40 Gbps and 1550 nm respectively. It has been studied that PSK modulation scheme performs better as compared to other modulation techniques and received signal quality deteriorates below an unacceptable value in case of fog beyond the propagation range of 9000 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic part of farming to India's Gross Domestic Product is steady refusing with the nation broad-based economical development. Therefore, developing agriculture field is the important factor. To solve this problem we propose precision farming solution using wireless sensor network (WSN) to gain farming production in India. We use WSN as a placement of Camera Sensors in crop field that can be used to monitor the environmental condition, detect the pest, and send the pest details to the corresponding former. The use of pesticides in crop growing is necessary to assert the quality of large-scale product. However, the attacker inserts the fake sensor for destruct the crop field from pests. In WSN, the sensors are equipped with irreplaceable batteries and qualified by limited computing ability. Thus, reducing the sensor energy depletion is an important factor. To overcome these problems we propose fake sensor detection and secure data transmission based on predictive parser in WSNs (FSD-PP). The main goal is the operation of a WSN for early snail pest detection to diminish the use of pesticides in crops and gain more productivity in the cultivation. Here, the predictive parser method is used to check the sensor authentication. Elliptical curve cryptography algorithm is used to remove the eaves dropping attack in the network. The sleep/awake scheduling algorithm is used to save the sensor energy. The simulation result demonstrates that the proposed scheme will enhance the network life span and secure data transmission from sensor to base station in WSN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research on the behavior of visually impaired people in libraries located in Delhi, India in 2010. It states that the effectiveness and efficiency of the utilization of information resulted to the progress and sustainable development of the society. It mentions that Delhi boasts of its library networks, documentation centers, and libraries.