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Purpose. Investigation of the influence of the structure of textile materials for hospital bed linen with various raw compositions on the ability to provide thermophysiological comfort during operation in hospitals.Methodology. Theoretical and experimental investigations are based on the main positions of textile materials science. In experimental studies, modern methods were used to determine the physical properties of textile materials, as well as methods of mathematical planning and statistical processing of experimental results. Findings. The state of providing hospitals in Ukraine with hospital bed linen was given. Assortment of hospital clothes was analyzed. The main factors of formation of the modern range of textile materials for hospital bed linen are considered. The focus is on a new type of raw material for fabrics for bed linen – «bamboo fiber». The analyze of the hygienic properties of modern fabrics for bed linen are presented. Experimentally determined indicators characterizing the interaction of textiles with vapor and liquid moisture. Originality. The data on the hygienic properties of textile materials for bed linen of various structures and raw compositions has been systematized. Identified specificity and comprehensively described the hygienic properties of bamboo textiles. It has been experimentally proved that the range of cotton and blended textile materials that are used today for the manufacture of bed linen can be supplemented by bamboo textiles that provide a high level of comfort and durability of bed linen. Practical value. A new assortment of textile materials for hospital bed linen has been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]