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Purpose: A multifunctional diet (MFD) was previously shown to reduce blood lipids, CRP and blood pressure in a 4-week intervention under weight-maintenance conditions. Here, MFD effects were evaluated in an 8-week intervention with no restriction for weight changes. Methods: Healthy subjects consumed MFD (23 subjects) or a control diet (CD) devoid of the functional components (24 subjects) in a 'free-living' randomized controlled experiment. MFD included several functional concepts: low-glycemic-impact meals, antioxidant-rich foods, oily fish, viscous dietary fibers, soybean and whole barley kernel products, almonds and plant stanols. Measured outcomes were fasting blood values of lipids, glucose, insulin, GGT, CRP, HbA1c, PAI-1, GLP-1, GLP-2, body weight, blood pressure and breath hydrogen. Results: At baseline, participants were 51-72 years old, with BMI between 25 and 34 and fasting glycemia ≤ 6.1 mmol/L. Consumption of both diets resulted in similar weight loss after 8 weeks (−4 %; P < 0.001). Compared to baseline, consumption of MFD reduced total serum cholesterol (−26 %; P < 0.0001), LDL cholesterol (−35 %; P < 0.0001), triglycerides (−16 %; P < 0.05), LDL/HDL (−27 %; P < 0.0001) and ApoB/ApoA1 (−15 %; P < 0.0001). There were important net differences between diets, which remained significant after adjustment for body weight. Reduced systolic blood pressure, circulating GGT, HbA1c and insulin concentrations were observed with both MFD and CD with no difference between diets. The Reynolds cardiovascular risk score was decreased by 36 % ( P < 0.0001) with MFD. MFD increased breath hydrogen levels (120 %; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Consumption of MFD decreased blood lipids and improved several other aspects of the cardiometabolic risk profile. This effect was not dependent on weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:The aim of the study was to compare the results after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using either the double-bundle or single-bundle technique with hamstring tendon autografts in an unselected group of patients.Hypothesis:Double-bundle ACL reconstruction will render a better outcome on the pivot-shift test.Study Design:Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.Methods:A randomized series of 103 patients (33 women, 70 men; median age, 27 years; range, 18-52 years) with a unilateral ACL rupture underwent anatomic ACL reconstruction. The double-bundle technique was used in 53 patients, and the single-bundle technique was used in 50 patients. The ACL footprint was visualized, and the femoral tunnel was drilled through the anteromedial portal; interference screw fixation was used at both ends. The patients were examined preoperatively and at a median of 26 months (range, 22-42 months) after the reconstruction by a blinded observer. The primary variable was the pivot-shift test.Results:At 2-year follow-up, 98 patients (93%) were examined. Clinical assessments at follow-up revealed no significant differences between the double-bundle and single-bundle groups in terms of the pivot-shift test, KT-1000 arthrometer laxity measurements, manual Lachman test, range of motion, Lysholm knee scoring scale, Tegner activity scale, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis and Outcome Score (KOOS), 1-legged hop test, and square hop test. A significant improvement was seen in both groups compared with the preoperative values in terms of most clinical assessments.Conclusion:In this prospective randomized study, the primary variable, the pivot-shift test, and other subjective and objective outcome variables revealed no significant differences between the double-bundle and single-bundle techniques at 2 years after ACL reconstruction in an unselected group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]