195 results on '"Nationalism"'
Search Results
52. Divergence and Diversity: Changing Chinese Perceptions of North Korea under Kim Jong-un.
- Author
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Chan, Che-po and Bridges, Brian
- Subjects
- *
SENSORY perception , *SENTIMENTALISM , *CHINESE people , *NATIONALISM ,NORTH Korean politics & government, 2011- - Abstract
A widely-held perception is that the image of North Korea among most Chinese people has changed from that of a socialist comrade and ‘little brother’ to an idiosyncratic, trouble-making neighbor. This research questions the homogeneity of Chinese people’s viewpoints towards North Korea. Concepts of state and popular nationalism are used to examine differences and similarities between the Chinese state and its people in their perceptions and sentiments towards North Korea, mainly focusing on the period of succession from Kim Jong-il to Kim Jong-un. Examining online discussions representing Chinese popular nationalism demonstrated that Chinese netizens’ political viewpoints are diversified along the ideological spectrum of left and right and that only the ‘moderate left’ netizens hold an image of North Korea which is close to that of their political authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
53. Stereotype and National Attachment in Hong Kong Chinese Context: A Moderated Mediation Model of Perceived Inter-group Relationship and Age.
- Author
-
Lu, Aitao, Cai, Simin, Zheng, Shuang, Hu, Huiqing, and Song, Pingfang
- Subjects
- *
STEREOTYPES , *NATIONALISM , *PATRIOTISM , *CHINESE people - Abstract
The present study investigated the relationship between Hong Kong people's stereotype toward Mainland people and their own national attachment (i.e., national identity, constructive patriotism, and uncritical patriotism). The role of inter-group relationship as mediator and age as moderator of that relationship were also tested. A total of 1753 local Hong Kong people aged 17-80 (mean age = 20.35 years, SD = 5.02) completed anonymous questionnaires regarding their stereotypes toward Mainland people, inter-group relationship with Mainland people, and national attachment. As expected, stereotypes toward Mainland people, inter-group relationship and national attachment showed significant positive associations with each other. More interestingly, it was found that the inter-group relationship mediated the relationship between stereotypes toward Mainland people and three domains of national attachment, with this indirect link being weaker for younger Hong Kong adults than for older Hong Kong adults. Implications of the present findings for future research are discussed, as well as potential interventions for increasing subjective national attachment to China, especially in young Hong Kong people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
54. Beyond the Nationalist Narrative: Contextualising the History of the Overseas Chinese Press in Japan.
- Author
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Chan, Lih-Shing
- Subjects
- *
NATIONALISM , *ETHNIC identity of Chinese , *OVERSEAS Chinese , *CHINESE people ,CHINA-Japan relations - Abstract
Scholars tend to overlook the overseas Chinese press as a communicative tool for Chinese nationalism. This paper takes media history as its focal point to demonstrate the contextual influences that shaped the operations of Chinese print media and gave rise to the manifestation of the overseas Chinese (huaqiao) identity in Japan. In particular, it emphasises that the mobilisation of the modern Chinese nationalism movement of the time was not the sole determinant of Chinese identity. It was also influenced by the way in which Chinese ethnic boundaries came to be shaped and reshaped in different historical periods through the dynamics between overseas Chinese communities and Japanese society. I use two overseas Chinese publications from different periods to illustrate the impacts of modern Chinese nationalism and the changing social and political context of Japan on the Chinese press. Finally, I present a synthetic narrative to account for the history of the overseas Chinese press in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
55. Goats on Graves.
- Author
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Bobbette, Adam
- Subjects
RAGPICKERS ,CHINESE people ,IMMIGRANTS ,NATIONALISM ,CEMETERIES ,ISLAMIC cemeteries ,GHOSTS - Published
- 2017
56. Early Chinese Migrants to Australia: A Critique of the Sojourner Narrative on Nineteenth-century Chinese Migration to British Colonies.
- Author
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Gao, Mobo
- Subjects
- *
CHINESE people , *IMMIGRANTS , *NATIONALISM , *HUMAN migration patterns , *IMPERIALISM - Abstract
This paper critically assesses the issues surrounding nineteenth-century Chinese migration to British colonies, especially Australia. The issues discussed in the paper include the origin of the term “sojourner” and its relationship to Western colonialism, and the origin of the termhuaqiao(overseas Chinese) and its relationship to Chinese nationalism. By being critical of the narrative of the “sojourner” for its cultural essentialist approach to Chinese migration, the paper highlights two important aspects of Chinese migration patterns and behaviour that are often neglected by the sojourner narrative: socioeconomic circumstances at the origin of migration and Western colonialism at the destination of migration. The paper argues that the Chinese publications by the migrants and what happened in Hong Kong at that time demonstrate the consequences of the combination of these two aspects of history. The paper finally observes that the little understood behaviour of the Chinese peasantry migrants appears to be post-modern and transnational. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
57. 'The Characteristics and Implications of Multicultural Korean Society Based on the Labor Market Segmentation Theory -Focused on the Residential Area of Korean Chinese People in Korea-'
- Author
-
Kim Jimyeol
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Political science ,Multiculturalism ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Labor market segmentation ,Segmented assimilation ,General Medicine ,Economic geography ,Chinese people ,Nationalism ,Residential area ,media_common - Published
- 2020
58. Chinese products for Chinese people? Consumer ethnocentrism in China.
- Author
-
Shan Ding, Qing
- Subjects
ETHNOCENTRISM ,CHINESE people ,CONSUMERS ,MANUFACTURED products ,ETHNIC relations - Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine consumer ethnocentrism (CE) in China and clarify whether CE impacted on Chinese consumers’ product preferences between local and foreign products.Design/methodology/approach Street surveys and mall intercepts were conducted, 367 questionnaires were collected with 170 from Shenyang – Northern China and 197 from Shenzhen – Southern China.Findings CE is low in China, it poses no serious threat to foreign products. Consumers living in second tier Northern city like Shenyang have higher ethnocentric beliefs than those living in a first tier like Shenzhen in Southern China. CE’s impact varies between product categories and availability of domestic alternative could be a key issue. Age and education level have significant moderating effects.Research limitations/implications It only collected from two Chinese cities, distribution pattern of CE data determined non-parametric data analysis methods were adopted.Practical implications Regional differences in China matters, first tier Southern cities like Shenzhen could be less challenging destinations for foreign retailers. Targeting young and highly educated consumers could be more effective. Although CE level is low in China, a cautious approach beyond first tier cities is recommended, especially when facing competent local rivals.Originality/value It clarified that CE did affect product preferences amongst Chinese consumers, highlighted China’s regional differences in terms of North-South divide and first and second tier cites. It also identified that availability of domestic alternative is a key factor that cannot be ignored. This study provided evidence to demonstrate that with unprecedented uncertainties on global free trade, there is no grassroots support for protectionism and isolationism in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
59. Learning from the Barbarians? Reflections on Chinese Identity and ‘Race’ in the Educational Context.
- Author
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Yan, Hektor K.T.
- Subjects
- *
CHINESE people , *ASIANS , *NATIONAL character , *NATIONALISM , *HIGHER education - Abstract
This paper takes a reflective look at the notions of identity, ‘race’ and ethnicity using a few ancient and modern Chinese ‘texts’. It begins with an examination of the reforms known as ‘adopting the costume of barbarian/foreign people and practicing mounted archery [hufuqishe]’ carried out by King Wuling 武靈王 (in reign 325–299 BCE) in 307 BCE as described in theZhan Guo Ce戰國策 and theShiji史記 by Sima Qian 司馬遷 (c.145-c.87 BCE). Its cultural and educational significance is then discussed in order to show how the issues faced by King Wuling are still relevant to the educational scene in the contemporary world. Some recent materials from Hong Kong school textbooks relating to the issues on identity and ‘race’ are then used to contrast and compare with the approach taken by King Wuling. This study argues that the inability to take a critical stance toward categories such as ‘race’ (zhongzu) risks perpetuating dated and ethically questionable mentalities. In addition, the importance of taking into consideration issues pertaining to purpose and evaluation in the context of education is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
60. Xinren Chen: Exploring identity work in Chinese communication.
- Author
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Jiang, Qingsheng
- Subjects
- *
IDENTITY (Psychology) , *CHINESE language , *CHINESE people , *COMMUNICATION , *LANGUAGE research , *NATIONALISM , *EDUCATION theory , *NONFICTION , *COMMUNICATIVE competence - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
61. Passport to a Mighty Nation: Exploring Sociocultural Foundation of Chinese Public's Attitude to COVID-19 Vaccine Certificates
- Author
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Mingyu Hu, Yu Xie, and Hepeng Jia
- Subjects
China ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Article ,collectivism ,Political science ,Pandemic ,nationalism ,Humans ,immunity certificates ,vaccination passport ,Vaccines ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Vaccination ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Collectivism ,COVID-19 ,Public relations ,Viewpoints ,Chinese people ,Nationalism ,Scientific literacy ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Attitude ,Medicine ,CoV-SARS-2 ,business - Abstract
Vaccination against COVID-19 is essential against the pandemic. There are broad discussions on adopting certificates for vaccination and the immunity obtained after infection. Based on a national sample of over 2000 participants administered in April 2021, the current study examines the Chinese public’s attitudes to the so-called COVID-19 vaccination passport and factors contributing to their viewpoints. Generally, the Chinese people had favorable opinions on the passport. Among possible contributing factors, income, personal benefit perception, the subjective norm of COVID-19 vaccination, and nationalism were significantly associated with the public’s positive attitude. At the same time, general vaccine knowledge and scientific literacy had an inconstant effect. Echoing recent studies, these findings reveal a collectivism-oriented attitude of the Chinese public towards the proposal to certify vaccination publicly. Theoretical and practical implications of the results were discussed.
- Published
- 2021
62. When organizational crises meet nationalism: Crisis communication of multinational corporations in the Chinese context.
- Author
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Zhao, Hui
- Subjects
- *
CHINESE corporations , *CRISIS communication , *NATIONALISM , *CHINESE people , *PUBLIC opinion , *INTERNATIONAL business enterprises - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore how nationalism shapes the public perception of multinational corporations' crises on Chinese social media. Using qualitative content analysis, this study examines 1000 public comments from the top 10 hashtag posts and explores the interaction between nationalist expression (i.e., content and sentiment of nationalism) and the public's perception of the United Airlines crisis in 2017. The findings demonstrate how nationalist content impinged upon the interpretation of United Airlines' misconduct. Six concrete emotions (anger, hared, amusement, pride, encouragement, and disgust) were identified from the sample comments, which were categorized into inward-directed and outward-directed nationalist sentiments. Given the findings, this study argues that nationalist expression has driven the evolution of the United Airlines crisis beyond the discussion of organizational misconduct. While inward-directed sentiment served to strengthen the Chinese public's national identity, outward-directed sentiment was utilized to exclude multinational corporations as "out-groups." The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed. • Nationalism provokes an emotional rather than rational understanding of organizational crises. • Inward-directed nationalist sentiments served to strengthen the Chinese public's national identity. • Outward-directed nationalist sentiments were utilized to exclude multinational corporations as "out-groups". • Nationalist sentiments as permanent emotions can lead to the public's emotional-based coping of organizational crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
63. Explaining National Identity Shift in Taiwan.
- Author
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Zhong, Yang
- Subjects
- *
NATIONALISM , *TAIWANESE people , *CHINESE people , *SURVEYS , *SOVEREIGNTY - Abstract
Employing national identity theories and survey data in Taiwan, this article explains national identity shift in Taiwan. Descriptively we find that most Taiwanese people reject being called ‘Chinese’ (zhongguoren) when asked about their national identity. However, they do not deny their ethnic and cultural Chinese identity. What they object to is being called Chinese nationals, especially this China which is internationally recognized as the People’s Republic of China. In other words, most Taiwanese people do not identify themselves with the mainland Chinese state even though they still associate themselves with the Chinese nation. It is also noted that there is no consensus with regard to national identity in Taiwan, since close to one third of the population still do not object to be called zhongguoren. The author’s analytical findings further confirm that external sovereignty-related factors are related to the Taiwanese national identity shift. Specifically, a changed state boundary, separation desire from mainland China, and recognition of Taiwan as a sovereign state, not the distinctive cultural reconstruction inside Taiwan, contribute to the national identity shift in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
64. Patriotism is not enough : Chinese intellectuals and the knowledge economy.
- Author
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Keane, M. and Lin, Q.
- Published
- 2001
65. 'Eastern' and 'Western' nationalisms [This article was recently given as a paper at The National Library, Tapei.]
- Author
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Anderson, Benedict
- Published
- 2000
66. JUNE FOURTH: The Tiananmen Protests and Beijing Massacre of 1989. New Approaches to Asian History.
- Author
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TAM, GINA ANNE
- Subjects
- *
ASIAN history , *MASSACRES , *COLLECTIVE memory , *CHINESE people , *PROTEST movements , *NATIONALISM - Published
- 2022
67. Anthropology, China, and the Chinese Century.
- Author
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Pieke, Frank N.
- Subjects
- *
CHINESE people , *ANTHROPOLOGISTS , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *GLOBALIZATION , *TRANSNATIONALISM , *COSMOPOLITANISM - Abstract
If the twenty-first century will be a Chinese one, what will its anthropology bring? The new realities of life in China have fundamentally reshaped the anthropology of modern China. With die disappearance of the planned economy, a whole range of structures, networks, organizations, and practices has emerged at the interface of state and society. Moreover, Chinese society is shaped by globalization, transnationalism, and cosmopolitanism to a degree never seen before. What happens under the impact of these changes is new and unique for the People's Republic of China, both recognizably Chinese and genetically modern. Anthropological research on these changes will impact the discipline of anthropology as a whole, just as China's rise will change the world order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
68. Liberal Patriotism in Hong Kong.
- Author
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Chan, Elaine and Chan, Joseph
- Subjects
- *
PATRIOTISM , *LIBERALISM , *ALLEGIANCE , *NATIONALISM , *CHINESE people , *SOCIAL history ,CHINESE civilization -- 1949- ,WESTERN influences on Chinese civilization ,HISTORY of Hong Kong, China, 1997- - Abstract
Since Hong Kong's reunification with the People's Republic of China in 1997, debates about patriotism have erupted from time to time in Hong Kong. Considering Hong Kong's socio-political background, the feelings and attachment of Hongkongers towards their motherland are unsurprisingly complex. We therefore need a multidimensional concept to capture the complexities of Hong Kong patriotism. Based on survey data, we propose that the term ‘liberal patriotism’ best describes the type of patriotism in Hong Kong society, which is that love of the homeland and the state are qualified by liberal democratic values. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
69. Chapter seven: Others.
- Author
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PELEGGI, MAURIZIO
- Subjects
NATIONALISM ,BURMESE ,CHINESE people - Abstract
Chapter 7 of the book "Thailand: The Worldly Kingdom" is presented. It discusses how the promotion of a Thai national identity based on ethnic lineage led to the exclusion of other races such as the Burmese and Chinese immigrants. These exclusions were carried out in Thailand's jurisprudence, history, literature and cinematography. Burma became known as Thailand's number one national enemy while Chinese settlers were portrayed as profiteers and aliens or as communist agents.
- Published
- 2007
70. Reproducing Anti-Japanese Nationalistic Sentiments: A Case Study of Contemporary Chinese Youth.
- Author
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Dong, Dong
- Subjects
NATIONALISM ,MASS media & youth ,INTERNATIONALISM ,IDENTITY (Psychology) & mass media ,GROUP identity ,NATIONAL character ,ANTI-Japanism ,CHINESE people - Abstract
This study was triggered by the author’s personal interactions with the Chinese young generation and her close observations on the anti-Japanese protests in the spring of 2005 in China. She questioned on the driven force and the formation of the radical anti-Japanese sentiments among today’s Chinese youth. Based on six in-depth interviews, the author found that the Chinese youth’s nationalist sentiments cannot be comfortably explained by the theoretical framework offered either by the “state-led” or the populist nationalism approaches. The author further argued that nationalism is not invoked and presented in a homogeneous way, neither is national identity. In fact, the Chinese youth selectively used the “scant” contents from the Internet or their friends as evidences to support their imaginations on Japan and Japanese. At the same time, they refused to take the “rich” contents conveyed through state’s educational systems and mass media seriously. The author concluded that, being othered by the larger society simply provides the Chinese youth opportunities to take on their group identity, a “badge of pride,” and to collectively resist the orthodox discourses and practices on nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
71. A Chinese Popularity Function: Sources of Government Support.
- Author
-
Lewis-Beck, Michael S., Tang, Wenfang, and Martini, Nicholas F.
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC opinion , *POLITICAL attitudes , *POPULARITY , *SURVEYS , *NATIONALISM , *CHINESE people , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *TWENTY-first century , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CHINESE politics & government ,ECONOMIC conditions in China, 2000- - Abstract
The notion of a Chinese popularity function may seem surprising, given its authoritarian nature. However, exploring the possibility of indirect popularity functions in nondemocratic systems, we articulate a model of national government support in China. The model argues that sociodemographics, political attitudes, and performance issues mold central government satisfaction. Drawing on a countrywide 2008 public opinion survey, we conclude that regional differences, national trust, and local policy success are of special importance in shaping national government support. The findings, which exhibit theoretical and statistical appeal, lay the groundwork for further investigation of popularity functions in China. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
72. Crafting nationalist consumption Public relations and the Thai textile movement under the People's Party, 1932-1945.
- Author
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Phillips, Matthew
- Subjects
- *
COTTON textiles , *TEXTILE industry , *NATIONALISM & economics , *CONSUMERS , *CLOTHING & dress , *CHINESE people , *TWENTIETH century , *HISTORY ,THAI politics & government ,THAI economy - Abstract
Following the revolution of 1932 that ended absolute monarchy in Siam, a new government came into power that sought to legitimize its rule by encouraging mass identification with the state. Practically, the expansion of a wage economy and the development of a state-led education system were seen by government officials as central to promoting a sense of citizenship to as yet disinterested rural communities. Throughout its first decade in power, the government thus set up projects to provide such groups with skills that might contribute to their overall material advancement. Following the lead of similar endeavours, particularly in India, one of the principal ways in which it would do this was through the production and bringing to market of cotton textiles. However, with foreign imports both superior in quality and cheaper than anything produced internally, the state struggled to establish a public relations message that might convince consumers to purchase Thai-produced textiles. As a result of specific limitations rooted in Thailand's ambiguous status globally, this meant that Thai leaders struggled to replicate the success of such movements elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
73. Multicultural citizenship education in Indonesia: The case of a Chinese Christian school.
- Author
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Hoon, Chang-Yau
- Subjects
- *
EDUCATION , *CHINESE people , *CHURCH schools , *CITIZENSHIP education , *EDUCATION policy , *NATIONALISM , *EDUCATIONAL change - Abstract
This study investigates how multicultural citizenship education is taught in a Chinese Christian school in Jakarta, where multiculturalism is not a natural experience. Schoolyard ethnographic research was deployed to explore the reality of a ‘double minority’ — Chinese Christians — and how the citizenship of this marginal group is constructed and contested in national, school, and familial discourses. The article argues that it is necessary for schools to actively implement multicultural citizenship education in order to create a new generation of young adults who are empowered, tolerant, active, participatory citizens of Indonesia. As schools are a microcosm of the nation-state, successful multicultural citizenship education can have real societal implications for it has the potential to render the idealism enshrined in the national motto of ‘Unity in Diversity’ a lived reality. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
74. The Great Wall: Understanding Chinese People's Psychology Through the Movie Context
- Author
-
Setya Yuwana Sudikan, Galih Wibisono, Kusumarasyadti Kusumarasdyati, Xiao Renfei, and Anas Ahmadi
- Subjects
H1-99 ,movie ,Perspective (graphical) ,east ,Cooperativeness ,Media studies ,Social Sciences ,Context (language use) ,psychology ,Economic Justice ,Chinese people ,character ,Nationalism ,Social sciences (General) ,west ,Identification (psychology) ,Psychology ,China - Abstract
Today, the study of Chinese films has attracted the attention of researchers, both in China and other countries. In this regard, this article aims to explore a Chinese movie Great Wall from a psychological perspective. The study uses a qualitative method with descriptive exposure. The researcher uses the Great Wall movie as a data source. The data collection technique is a documentary study. The data analysis technique is carried out with three stages: identification, classification, and reduction. The study's result indicates the psychology of Chinese people in facing the enemies, which raises the psychology of nationalism and justice in dealing with captured enemies. In relation to human psychology with western people, Chinese people raise attitudes related to cautiousness and cooperativeness with western people.
- Published
- 2021
75. Racism in Australia: where it comes from.
- Author
-
Kim, Iggy
- Published
- 1996
76. What It Means to Be Chinese.
- Author
-
Link, Perry
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL norms , *NATIONALISM , *CHINESE people , *TRADITIONAL authority , *TRADITIONAL societies , *AUTHORITARIANISM , *ETHICS , *CULTURAL identity , *PRIVILEGE (Social sciences) - Abstract
The article discusses nationalism and identity in modern China, focusing on disagreement in China over the relevance of traditional Chinese morality versus a modern political morality. Topics include Confucian or traditional Chinese family values and political norms; the synonymy of Chinese and Han and the importance of ethnicity in traditional and modern thought; and a discussion of efforts to both preserve traditional views on authority and authoritarianism and to embrace non-Chinese values such as democracy and citizens' rights. A discussion of the impact of perceptions of the gap between rich and poor, privilege, and income inequality is included.
- Published
- 2015
77. "Chinese, but not quite": Huaqiao and the Marginalization of the Overseas Chinese.
- Author
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Soon Keong Ong
- Subjects
- *
OVERSEAS Chinese , *CHINESE people , *WORLD War II , *EXTERRITORIALITY , *NATIONALISM , *DIASPORA , *IMMIGRANTS , *POLITICAL participation - Abstract
This article reflects on the representations of overseas Chinese in Chinese political and popular discourses from the late Qing to World War II. It argues that contraly to prevalent views, which credit the success of the Chinese nationalist discourse in mobilizing the overseas Chinese to their re-incorporation into the Chinese nation, extraterritorial Chinese nationalism depended not so much on the rhetoric of inclusion, but rather on the separation of the overseas Chinese as a sub-ethnic group, particularly after they were "rebranded" as huaqiao, or Chinese sojourners. This analysis begins by looking at the key reasons for Chinese political activists' newfound interest in the diasporas - in soliciting huaqiao contributions to China's state-building projects - and argues that they imbued huaqiao with certain positive qualities only insofar as these made them relevant to China. The truth is, prejudices against the emigrants have persisted and Chinese within China continue to view huaqiao as uncouth, uncultured, and even "unChinese." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
78. Land of Many Nationalisms.
- Author
-
GAO, HELEN
- Subjects
- *
NATIONALISM , *SOVEREIGNTY , *CHINESE people , *PATRIOTISM , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *INTELLECTUAL life ,CHINESE history - Abstract
The article looks at politics and society in China as of 2013, focusing on the role that different forms of nationalism play. It cites the national pride of Chinese, especially the ethnic Han majority, and continuing anger over the 19th-20th century period of foreign intervention in China's sovereignty, but also notes that some Chinese have adopted a critical stance toward nationalism and a view of patriotism that allows for dissent toward the Chinese government. It discusses conflicted mainstream Chinese attitudes toward Tibet, Hong Kong, and Japan.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
79. CHINESE DRAGON AND EAGLE OF ANáHUAC: THE LOCAL, NATIONAL, AND INTERNATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE ENSENADA ANTI- CHINESE CAMPAIGN OF 1934.
- Author
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GONZÁLEZ, FREDY
- Subjects
- *
CHINESE people , *CHINESE diaspora , *NATIONALISM , *OVERSEAS Chinese , *IMMIGRATION opponents , *TWENTIETH century , *MEXICAN history , *HISTORY ,MEXICAN foreign relations ,MEXICO-United States relations ,MEXICAN history, 1910-1946 - Abstract
This article reexamines the anti-Chinese movement in Mexico through a discussion of a failed anti-Chinese campaign in Baja California. It argues that Chinese migrants organized in the face of Sinophobic aggression and that the national and international implications of anti-Chinese violence forced diplomats and government officials to grapple with Chinese demands for equal treatment in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
80. The Demography of Chinese Nationalism: A Field-Experimental Approach.
- Author
-
Hoffmann, Robert and Larner, Jeremy
- Subjects
- *
NATIONALISM , *DEMOGRAPHY , *CHINESE people , *MIDDLE class , *NATIONALISM -- Social aspects , *NATIONALISTS , *SOCIAL classes , *PATRIOTISM , *INCOME inequality , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) - Abstract
Empirical evidence concerning the demographics and development of Chinese nationalism is sparse but important for scholarship and policy. Its collection entails methodological challenges in access and reliability. We conducted a field experiment to measure nationalism in incentive-compatible choices among a diverse group of 447 Chinese subjects in a field setting. Our results demonstrate greater nationalism in female, older, less affluent and more rural respondents. We also find support for nationalism in professional and educated individuals. Our results provide qualified support for a middle-class nationalism in China. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
81. ‘JAPANESE DEVILS’.
- Author
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Ching, Leo
- Subjects
- *
ANTI-Japanism , *CHINESE people , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CHINA-Japan relations - Abstract
The 2005 anti-Japan protests in China inaugurated a new era of Chinese popular nationalism with their pervasive visuality and virtuality. The outpouring of emotions in cityscapes and cyberspaces – anger, outrage, zealousness and even pleasure – requires us to take emotion, passion, hope or sheer delight seriously and to recognize the power of some of the more alarming forms of popular nationalist sentimentality. This chapter analyses one instance of Sino-Japanese relations: the epithet of ‘riben guizi’ or Japanese devils in Chinese popular culture in four historical moments: late-Sinocentric imperium, high imperialism, socialist nationalism and post-socialist globalization. I want to suggest that while this ‘hate word’ performs an affective politics of recognition stemming from an ineluctable trauma of imperialist violence, it ultimately fails in establishing a politics of reconciliation. I argue that anti-Japanism in China is less about Japan than China's own self-image mediated through its asymmetrical power relations with Japan throughout its modern history. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
82. The 1967 anti-Chinese riots in Burma and Sino–Burmese relations.
- Author
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Fan, Hongwei
- Subjects
- *
RIOTS , *CHINESE people , *ETHNIC relations , *ETHNICITY & society , *NATIONALISM , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,CHINESE foreign relations, 1949- ,MYANMAR politics & government ,CULTURAL Revolution, China, 1966-1976 ,HISTORY of Myanmar, 1948- - Abstract
Anti-Chinese riots broke out in Rangoon on 26 June 1967. The riots, which resulted from Chinese students' defiance of the Burmese government's ban on wearing Mao badges in school, led to the deterioration of Sino–Burmese relations, symbolised by the cessation of ‘Pauk Phaw’ ties and the subsequent shift in China's foreign policy which included open intervention in Burma's civil war. The riots contributed to estranged relations between Beijing and Rangoon throughout the 1970s and 1980s despite the normalisation of bilateral ties in 1970. While the roots of the Rangoon riots lay in Burma's political economy and tensions within the local Chinese community in the context of Cold War international relations, Beijing bore primary responsibility, however, due to its export of the Cultural Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
83. Why don't Russians fear the Chinese? The Chinese factor in the self-identification process of Russia.
- Author
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Curanović, Alicja
- Subjects
- *
NATIONALISM , *INTERNATIONAL relations -- Psychological aspects , *RUSSIANS , *OTHER (Philosophy) , *CHINESE people , *ELITE (Social sciences) , *PSYCHOLOGY ,CHINA-Russia relations - Abstract
Historically speaking, the self-identification process of Russia has revolved around the West–East axis. However, there has been a considerable asymmetry in the impact of these two poles. In this article I will argue that “the West” was a dominating concept in the self-narration of Russians and “the East” was mostly a function of the interaction between Russia and the West. The difference in the level of attention and emotions which Russia manifests towards the West and the East has been caused by the religious factor, which was crucial for shaping Russia's identity and her sense of uniqueness. While the West and Western Christianity presented a challenge to the Orthodox fundamentals of Russia's self-image, China was neutral in terms of religious identity. The negligible importance of the religious factor added to rationality in Russian policy towards China. In the article I analyze the Chinese factor in Russia's self-identification process in the context of Moscow's attitude towards the West and the East by using two main elements: identity and fear. Comparing the historical pattern with the present one, I attempt to determine the consequences of these two factors for the Russian Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
84. Nation, Race, and Language: Discussing transnational identities in colonial Singapore, circa 1930.
- Author
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AI LIN, CHUA
- Subjects
- *
CHINESE people , *INDIANS (Asians) in foreign countries , *ETHNIC groups , *TRANSNATIONALISM , *GROUP identity , *NATIONALISM , *ETHNICITY ,HISTORY of Singapore -- 1867-1942 - Abstract
Around 1930, at a time of rising nationalisms in China and India, English-educated Chinese and Indians in the British colony of Singapore debated with great intensity the issue of national identity. They sought to clarify their own position as members of ethnic communities of immigrant origin, while remaining individuals who identified the territory of British Malaya as their home. Readers' letters published in the Malaya Tribune, an English-medium newspaper founded to serve the interests of Anglophone Asians, questioned prevailing assumptions of how to define a nation from the perspectives of territory, political loyalty, race, and language. Lived circumstances in Malaya proved that being Chinese or Indian could encompass a range of political, cultural, and linguistic characteristics, rather than a homogenous identity as promoted by nationalist movements of the time. Through these debates, Chinese and Indians in Malaya found ways to simultaneously reaffirm their ethnic pride as well as their sense of being ‘Malayan’. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
85. With this Lingo, I Thee Wed: Language and Marriage in Autobiography of A Chinese Woman.
- Author
-
Feng, Jin
- Subjects
- *
AUTOBIOGRAPHY , *CHINESE people , *NATIONALISM , *MARRIAGE , *GENDER - Abstract
In Autobiography of A Chinese Woman (1947), Yang Buwei (1889-1981) asserted that her husband, Zhao Yuanren, "found his work and his country ... because he found me," that is to say, because Yang, a "thoroughly Chinese" woman, rekindled his interest in Chinese dialects and thus "repatriated" this "English-speaking and American-feeling" man. Yet scrutiny of Yang's representation of their marriage belies her claim to an uncomplicated link between their shared mother tongue and their national identity. To be sure, her narrative gestures and topos widely differed from those of the more "Americanized" Zhao. Rather than looking to a Western model as legitimization of their unconventional marriage, Yang deployed the figure of her female Chinese colleague, a "traditional lady," as a foil against which she painted herself as a liberated and self-reliant modern Chinese woman favored by Zhao. However, she also published different versions of her autobiography in Chinese and English. Thus, despite her linguistic and narrative maneuvers, Yang could accomplish only a partial reconciliation of conflicting gender and national identities through the written word. By telling the story of a happy marriage of Chinese and American values she temporarily acquired a fluidity that enabled her to redefine and cross national and gender boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
86. The Chinese Origins of Democracy: Dynamic Confucianism in Singapore.
- Author
-
Doran, Christine
- Subjects
NATIONALISM ,CHINESE people ,DEMOCRACY ,CONFUCIANISM ,RELIGION ,AUTHORITARIANISM - Abstract
This paper examines the deployment of religion in the effort to raise nationalist consciousness among the Chinese community in colonial Singapore in the early twentieth century. It has often been noted that religion played a significant role in the emergence of nationalism in colonised Asia. However, the religions usually thought of in this context have been Islam and Buddhism, rather than Confucianism (Chong 2009: 2). With the formation of the Young Men?s Buddhist Association in 1906 which inaugurated moves towards nationalist consciousness in Burma, or the organisation of the Sarekat Islam in 1912, which was an early milestone in the development of the Indonesian nationalist movement, Buddhism and Islam demonstrated their dynamic potential in the realm of politics. Confucianism, on the other hand, has generally had a reputation as an ossified, elitist and obsolescent form of religion. In fact it has been quite common for Western commentators to deny that it was a religion at all. This paper focuses on the intellectual contributions of an outstanding Chinese Singaporean community leader, Lim Boon Keng. Lim looked to Confucianism as a source of national pride for the diasporic Chinese community living under British colonial rule in Singapore. Directly contradicting Western assumptions about the rigidity and authoritarianism of Confucianism, Lim offered an interpretation which highlighted its dynamic, progressive political potential. In particular, he developed the case for Confucianism as a source of democratic political impetus, and thus as a challenge to the autocratic, elitist nature of the British system of colonial rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
87. Forging National Unity: Ideas of Race in China.
- Author
-
DIKÖTTER, FRANK
- Subjects
RACE ,CHINESE people ,NATIONALISM ,EUGENICS ,CULTURE ,CHINESE language ,IMPERIALISM ,FAMILIES ,REFORMS - Abstract
The article focuses on racial theories in the People's Republic of China wherein race was viewed as a concept capable for the promotion of nationalism after the collapsed of Qing Empire in 1911. The notion of race, which was often mixed to the politics of nationalism, adjusts continuously to various social and political contexts from the reformist movement in 1980s to the Chinese Communist Party's eugenic policies. It mentions that the race concept emerged as a powerful and cohesive form of identity due to the diversity of religion, family structures, and regional cultures of Chinese. Racial theories were distributed through school textbooks and travel literature. Moreover, the term Chinese was assumed as a language, culture, and a race even the members were scattered across the globe.
- Published
- 2010
88. THE AMBIVALENCE OF NATIONAL IMAGINATION: DEFINING "THE TAIWANESE" IN CHINA, 1931-1941.
- Author
-
Shi-Chi Mike Lan
- Subjects
- *
CHINESE people , *TAIWANESE people , *NATIONALISM , *NATIONAL character , *NATION building , *HISTORIOGRAPHY , *INTELLECTUAL life ,CHINESE Republic, 1912-1949 ,JAPANESE occupation of Taiwan, 1895-1945 - Abstract
The author focuses on how China viewed Taiwan and the people of Taiwan between 1931, the year Japan invaded Manchuria, and 1941, the year the U.S. entered World War II. Some of the subjects considered include nationalism, Chinese identity, Chinese political thought, and the ideology of nation-building and cultural identity. An overview of the historiography of competing Chinese and Taiwanese national identity exemplified in the writings of historians Emma Jinhua Teng, Alan M. Wachman, and Steven E. Phillips, is presented.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
89. From a Hierarchy in Time to a Hierarchy in Space: The Meanings of Sino-Babylonianism in Early Twentieth-Century China.
- Author
-
Tze-ki Hon
- Subjects
- *
HISTORIANS , *CHINESE people , *NATION-state , *NATIONALISM ,MIGRATIONS - Abstract
In 1892, Terrien de Lacouperie (1845-1894), professor of Chinese at University College in London, set out to prove that the Chinese migrated from Mesopotamia in prehistoric times. Despite mixed responses from his colleagues, Lacouperie's "Sino-Babylonianism" found its way into China and captured the imagination of Chinese historians from the 1900s to 1930s. Whether they supported or opposed Lacouperie's view, Chinese historians were intrigued by his boldness in linking early China to the global network of trade and cultural exchange. This article examines how Chinese historians adopted, transformed, and appropriated Sino-Babylonianism in their discourse on the nation. It argues that the rise and fall of Sino-Babylonianism coincided with the Chinese perceptions of the world system of nation-states. Sino- Babylonianism was warmly received when the Chinese perceived the world system of nation-states as a hierarchy in temporality, prescribing a process of evolution that all human communities must follow. Sino-Babylonianism was fiercely rejected when the Chinese saw the world system of nation-states as a hierarchy in space, characterized by incessant territorial expansion of imperialist powers. In both instances, Sino-Babylonianism was no longer what Lacouperie had proposed in the late nineteenth century. Rather, it was an important benchmark for the Chinese understanding of the modern global order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
90. Contemporary Chinese Youth and the State.
- Author
-
ROSEN, STANLEY
- Subjects
- *
YOUTH , *CHINESE people , *NATIONALISM , *POLITICAL stability ,MAY Fourth movement, China, 1919 - Abstract
The article discusses the belief systems of Chinese youth and their attitudes toward the state. Youth in China are generally described as having an internationalist outlook, being pragmatic and materialistic, and embracing nationalism, patriotism, and altruism. The post-1980s attributes of generations of Chinese youth are discussed. The article suggests that contemporary youth are not an immediate threat to China's regime in 2009 and that they believe that China will overtake the United States as the leading superpower. Anniversaries of events and protests in China that concern the political leadership such as the 1919 May Fourth Movement are mentioned. The reason why Chinese youth join the Communist Party is also mentioned.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
91. Mining the Archive: Historical Fiction, Counter-modernities, and Suchen Christine Lim's A Bit of Earth.
- Author
-
Poon, Angelia
- Subjects
- *
HISTORICAL fiction , *RESEMBLANCE (Philosophy) , *SELF-actualization (Psychology) , *HISTORY in literature , *WOMEN , *CHINESE people , *NATIONALISM - Abstract
The article focuses on the historical fiction "A Bit of Earth," by Suchen Christine Lim which provides an opportunity to question the past and the identities that have crystallized around the archive. It is stated that "A Bit of Earth" depicts the emergence of anti-imperialist feeling, self-realization, and national consciousness in 19th-century Malaya, celebrating nationalist feeling as a commendable gesture beyond the self towards a larger sociality. Moreover, "A Bit of Earth" shows itself to be more certain of its stand on women and its vision of modern Chinese identity than of its position vis-à-vis multiracial possibilities.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
92. How Chinese Turkestan Became Chinese: Visualizing Zhang Zhizhong's Tianshan Pictorial and Xinjiang Youth Song and Dance Troupe.
- Author
-
Jacobs, Justin
- Subjects
- *
NATIONALISM , *CHINESE people , *PROPAGANDA , *SOCIAL influence , *POLITICAL science - Abstract
In 1944, a rebellion in China's northwestern Xinjiang Province prompted Chiang Kai-shek to send his most trusted lieutenant, Zhang Zhizhong, to negotiate with the rebels and to attempt to consolidate Nationalist China's hold over the perennially restive frontier province. Zhang's innovative adaptation of tested Soviet models of minority representation tapped into and reinterpreted a long tradition of established cultural paradigms for digesting and representing the internal "other" within China. The most visible and widely disseminated projects that Zhang sponsored in the waning days of Nationalist China represent a determined eleventh-hour propaganda attempt to integrate the seldom-seen Central Asian frontier into the greater conception of a unified Chinese republic. This effort also marks one of the earliest instances of the Chinese state attempting to employ mass propaganda media to disseminate—among a large and diverse audience—a modified version of established modes of ethnic representation previously in currency only among a limited subsection of elite and official society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
93. Official and Nonofficial Nationalism in China at the Turn of the Century.
- Author
-
Ben Xu
- Subjects
NATIONALISM ,PATRIOTISM ,INTELLECTUALS ,NATIONALISTS ,AUTHORITARIANISM ,CHINESE people ,POPULAR culture - Abstract
Considering how nationalism has flourished in China since the 1990s, it should not come as a surprise that intellectuals there have been vigorously debating its political meaning and significance to the Chinese people. Since the turn of the century nationalist trends have become even stronger and more powerful on account of China's putative rise to great-power status. One way to understand the complexity of nationalist expressions in China today is to explore how official and nonofficial nationalist discourses supplement and affect each other and how they are connected through debates within the intelligentsia. My aim is to question the assumption that nationalism in China is only imposed by the state on society and to suggest that it is also shaped by longstanding and widespread notions of China's proper place in the world as an important and leading country. At the same time, however, I want to outline the two major limitations of some nationalist arguments: one being that they take an essentialist approach to understanding the Chinese nation, and the other being that they remain evasive concerning the undemocratic political condition of much of the current nationalist fervor. Given the murky public space occupied by openly voiced speech and expression, nationalism in China today is neither just a spontaneous outpouring of patriotic enthusiasm nor merely a diversionary plot devised by the Communist Party to maintain its authoritarian regime. It is both of these, and this is substantiated and confirmed by the delicate interaction of the official and nonofficial versions of nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
94. Chinese Diasporic Culture and National Identity: The Taming of the Tiger Balm Gardens in Singapore.
- Author
-
Jianli Huang and Hong, Lysa
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *CHINESE people , *ETHNOLOGY , *NATIONAL character , *NATIONALISM , *ENTREPRENEURSHIP , *BUSINESS - Abstract
The article discusses the Chinese diasporic culture and national identity in Singapore. The section reflects on the importance of the Tiger Balm Gardens or Haw Par Villa, built in the 1930s by overseas Chinese pharmaceuticals tycoon Aw Boon Haw, in Singapore's Chinese community area. According to the report, during the colonial era, the garden marked the success not only of Aw Boon Haw but also of the Chinese migrant community in Singapore, which was renovated into an orientalized theme park and then resuscitated as the repository of diasporic Chinese entrepreneurship.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
95. Divergence and Diversity: Changing Chinese Perceptions of North Korea under Kim Jong-un
- Author
-
Brian Bridges and Che Po Chan
- Subjects
Left and right ,Political spectrum ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0507 social and economic geography ,Gender studies ,Development ,Viewpoints ,050701 cultural studies ,Brother ,Chinese people ,0506 political science ,Nationalism ,Politics ,Political science ,Political Science and International Relations ,050602 political science & public administration ,Political authorities - Abstract
A widely-held perception is that the image of North Korea among most Chinese people has changed from that of a socialist comrade and ‘little brother’ to an idiosyncratic, trouble-making neighbor. This research questions the homogeneity of Chinese people’s viewpoints towards North Korea. Concepts of state and popular nationalism are used to examine differences and similarities between the Chinese state and its people in their perceptions and sentiments towards North Korea, mainly focusing on the period of succession from Kim Jong-il to Kim Jong-un. Examining online discussions representing Chinese popular nationalism demonstrated that Chinese netizens’ political viewpoints are diversified along the ideological spectrum of left and right and that only the ‘moderate left’ netizens hold an image of North Korea which is close to that of their political authorities.
- Published
- 2017
96. The Effects of National Culture and Face Concerns on Intention to Apologize: A Comparison of the USA and China.
- Author
-
Sun Park, Hee and Guan, Xiaowen
- Subjects
NATIONALISM ,CULTURE ,AMERICANS ,CHINESE people ,FACIAL expression ,APOLOGIZING ,REALISM ,THREAT (Psychology) ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) - Abstract
The current study examined national culture differences between US American and Chinese participants (N = 317) regarding face need concerns and apology intention, based on positive and negative face needs (Brown & Levinson, 1987) and concerns for self-face and other-face (Ting-Toomey, 2005). Participants read vignettes that varied in relationship types (in-group vs. out-group members) and situation types (negative face vs. positive face threatening) and responded to scales measuring realism of the vignettes, intention to apologize, and five types of face need concerns. The findings showed that Chinese participants, compared to US Americans, had stronger intentions to apologize when their acts threatened the other person's positive face, while US American participants, compared to Chinese, had stronger intentions to apologize when their acts threatened the other's negative face. Other findings and implications thereof are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
97. History, identity, and security: Producing and consuming nationalism in China.
- Author
-
Callahan, WilliamA.
- Subjects
- *
NATIONALISM , *PATRIOTISM , *POLITICS & culture , *TWENTIETH century , *CHINESE people , *MILITARY government - Abstract
Chinese nationalism has ignited much debate among academics and the general public in both China and the West. Rather than search for the true core of Chinese nationalism, this essay will examine the curious custom of National Humiliation Day as an oblique entry into the politics of identity. The nation is not simply a question of people or territory, the author contends, but of time: the national time scripted by events such as National Humiliation Day. By comparing the differing practices of the holiday as it was celebrated in the early twentieth century and is observed in the early twenty-first century, the author argues that in the early twentieth century the political performances aimed to produce a proper Chinese nation out of the clashes between the Qing dynasty, northern warlords, and foreign empires. The goal was to construct a “China” worthy of being saved. When National Humiliation Day was revived in China at the turn of the twenty-first century, the political performances were more focused on containing the nation through a commemoration of the various crises of the early twentieth century. Thus the essay will argue that the nation does not arise from the ideology of its leaders, as much as through popular performances such as National Humiliation Day. Hence it shows how politics is best analyzed as a series of performances, not just by state actors in official sites like the Foreign Ministry, but also through the cultural governance of less official sites in art, film, literature — and public holidays. In this way, National Humiliation Day activities go beyond producing and containing nationalism; Chinese people are also consuming nationalism as part of a symbolic economy that generates identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. Digital Dragons and Cybernetic Bears: Comparing the Overseas Chinese and Near Abroad Russian Web Communities.
- Author
-
Saunders, Robert A. and Sheng Ding
- Subjects
- *
VIRTUAL communities , *NATIONAL character , *NATIONALISM , *CHINESE people , *RUSSIANS , *INTERNET - Abstract
This article compares and contrasts the Internet-based national identity projects of overseas Chinese and near abroad Russians. Our study, which is based on two diasporic communities of similar size and both characterized by a historical weakness of national identity, finds that while Internet use seems to be increasing nationalism and reifying national identity among the ethnic Chinese living in the Pacific Rim, it is paradoxically dampening nationalism and weakening national identity among the Russians living in post-Soviet space. Our thesis is that this divergence results from a combination of factors rooted in the real world, not the virtual. These factors include: the perceived benefits of stressing national identity in ingroup/outgroup interactions, conflicts or competition with other identity anchors, and the political and economic stature of their respective ethnic homelands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
99. Patriotic and Pious Muslim Intellectuals in Modern China: The Case of Ma Jian.
- Author
-
Haiyun Ma
- Subjects
CHINESE people ,MUSLIMS ,ISLAM ,SOCIALISM ,NATIONALISM ,ETHNOLOGY ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The fall of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) and the founding of the modem Chinese nation-state brought both opportunities and challenges to Chinese Muslims. No longer having to deal with emperorship and its foundational ideology, Confucianism, they were soon confronted with new state ideological impositions, namely, Han nationalism and socialism, imposed by the Republican and Communist regimes. These new challenges were both threatening and promising, for although the new ideologies were fundamentally antithetic to Islam, the new regimes promised an equal status to Chinese Muslims and saw how they could aid national diplomacy and international relations with Muslim countries. Within this context, China's Muslim intellectuals tried to reorient and reposition Muslims and Islam by minimizing differences and maximizing commonalities during both the Republican and the Communist regimes. By studying Ma Jian (1906-78), one of modern China's most influential and representative Muslim intellectuals, as well as his juxtaposition of Islam and China, I look at the way of being a modem Chinese Muslim intellectual in China's post-1949 internal and international contexts. The Turkic Muslim communities in Xinjiang and elsewhere in China are excluded from this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
100. Action Plan for Patriotic Education.
- Subjects
- *
PATRIOTISM , *ALLEGIANCE , *NATIONALISM , *CHINESE people , *EDUCATION , *DIGNITY , *LEADERSHIP , *PRIDE & vanity , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The article provides information of the essential principles of patriotic education for the Chinese nationality. The goals of developing patriotic education include the inspiration of national spirit, promotion of national cohesion, and foster national pride and dignity. Another principle involve the adherence to the policy of focusing on nation-building. It also strengthens the leadership and patriotic consciousness, sets up patriotic education bases, and creates a societal atmosphere for patriotic education.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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