8 results
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2. THE IMPORTANCE OF CENTRAL ASIA IN CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY AND BEIJING’S SOFT POWER INSTRUMENTS.
- Author
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BERDIYEV, Ahmet and CAN, Nurettin
- Subjects
SOFT power (Social sciences) ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,NATIONAL interest ,GREAT powers (International relations) ,AUTHORITY ,FOREST policy - Abstract
Throughout history, Central Asia was seen as a vital region by the great powers that struggled for the influence in this region in the past. After the breakdown of the Soviet Union, new independent states have emerged in Central Asia. This article provides an analysis of China’s implementation of foreign policy towards Central Asian states through soft power. China recently implemented the idea of soft power as a crucial foreign policy instrument. The study focuses on the fact that soft diplomacy can be essential in forming an attractive image of China in the international arena. Furthermore, it argues that China’s ambition to become more authoritative in the region is associated with the activation of efforts in its soft power policy. Employment of soft power is entirely determined by China’s national interests. It is in China’s national interests to establish a secure and peaceful climate for its economic advance, to adjust its vast and growing energy needs, and to curtail the domination of other powerful actors. Thus, this article offers an analysis of China’s soft power and its application within the Central Asian region in pursuit of its foreign policy tasks. The paper aims to solve the following problem: What is China’s soft power and how does it use it in the Central Asian states? To address the problem, we compare Chinese soft power to the policy of other regional actors. The goal is to study China’s foreign policy in Central Asia, with the purpose of highlighting Chinese political strategy in the region. The article begins with the discussion of China’s foreign policy chief aims and objectives to understand the meaning of good neighborhood diplomacy, which forms the basis of China’s soft power diplomacy in Central Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Centred discourse, decentred practice: the relational production of Russian and Chinese 'rising' power in Central Asia.
- Author
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Heathershaw, John, Owen, Catherine, and Cooley, Alexander
- Subjects
GREAT powers (International relations) ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,CHINESE foreign relations, 1976- ,RUSSIAN foreign relations, 1991- ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration - Abstract
This paper challenges dominant understandings of 'rising powers' by developing a decentred, relational account of Russia and China in Central Asia. We ask whether Moscow and Beijing's regional integrative strategies do not guide, but rather are led by, everyday interactions among Russian and Chinese actors, and local actors in Central Asia. Rising powers, as a derivative of 'Great Powers', are frequently portrayed as structurally comparable units that concentrate power in their executives, fetishise territorial sovereignty, recruit client states, contest regional hegemony and explicitly oppose the post-1945 international order. In contrast, we demonstrate that the centred discourse of Eurasian integration promoted by Russian and Chinese leaders is decentred by networks of business and political elites, especially with regard to capital accumulation. Adopting Homi K. Bhabha's notion of mimicry (subversion, hybridity) and J. C. Scott's conception of mētis (local knowledge, agency), and using examples of Russian and Chinese investments and infrastructure projects in Central Asia, we argue that in order to understand centring discourse we must look to decentring practices at the periphery; that is, rising power is produced through ongoing interactions between actors at the margins of the state's hegemonic reach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Rethinking American Strategy in Central Asia.
- Author
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Dunn, Jonathan
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRACY , *STRATEGIC planning , *CONFLICT management , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
Over the last three years, U. S. influence in Central Asia seems to have significantly waned. Decreasing U.S. influence appears to have been accompanied by a concomitant increase in Russian and Chinese influence in the region. While some have described the competition for influence in the region a ânew great game,â others claim that such a description is overstated. It is clear, however, that the United States, Russia, and China all have interests in the region. It is important, then, for the United States to clearly define its interests and understand whether its interests conflict or complement those of Russia and China. In some cases, U.S. interests may in fact coincide with Russian and Chinese interests, and it should seek ways to cooperate with Russia and China to achieve them. Regardless of whether its interests conflict or coincide with other major players in the region, it is imperative that the United States understand the interests and challenges of the Central Asian countries themselves. Without such an understanding, it risks pursuing policies that diverge from the goals of Central Asian countries and the United States will find it difficult if not impossible to achieve its own interests in the region. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
5. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and Security in Post-Soviet Central Asia.
- Author
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Safiullin, Askhat
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,NATIONAL security ,ASIAN cooperation ,CONSTRUCTIVISM (Education) ,SOCIAL constructionism ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Tracing the debate on the importance and influence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) on regional security integration in Central Asia, this work assesses the degree of its integration. It mainly addresses the interplay between individual state security needs, norms and identities. My proposed perspective is based on constructivism, informed by the English school. The paper concludes that security cooperation between SCO member states in the security environment is impacted by three factors 1) security, influenced by 2) identities and norms, inducing states to utilise 3) the functions of organisation to their needs. The work explores the implications of such security cooperation in the context of perceptions and the conduct of cooperation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
6. Russia and China between cooperation and competition at the regional and global level. Introduction.
- Author
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Bossuyt, Fabienne and Kaczmarski, Marcin
- Subjects
CHINA-Russia relations ,INTERNATIONAL competition ,REGIONAL cooperation ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The steady intensification of Sino-Russian cooperation over the past few years has triggered a surge in scholarly interest. However, in light of the far-reaching geopolitical implications of the Sino-Russian rapprochement, most studies of Sino-Russian dynamics are not only conducted from the disciplinary perspective of International Relations (IR), but also continue to be embedded in realist assumptions and power-political perspectives. This special issue seeks to advance the scholarly knowledge on the Sino-Russian relationship by making the case for expanding the scope of analysis theoretically, disciplinarily and empirically. This introductory article first sets the context by providing a historical overview of key developments in Sino-Russian relations. Following an in-depth review of the IR-dominated literature, it then substantiates the claim that there is a need to broaden the scope of analysis in order to move beyond the IR realist perspective that predominates the literature on the Sino-Russian relationship. Together, the articles in the special issue add new insights to the literature by analyzing the depth of the relationship; scrutinizing Russian discourses on China, in both historical and contemporary contexts; exploring the limitations and dilemmas of the relationship; and paying specific attention to the agency of the countries "in-between", from Central Asia to Mongolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. CONTEMPORARY GEOSTRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT OF CENTRAL ASIA: THE US, RUSSIAN AND CHINESE PLANS OF INTEGRATION.
- Author
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Khan, Shabir Ahmad and Yousaf, Suleman
- Subjects
POLITICAL integration ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,POWER (Social sciences) ,GEOPOLITICS - Abstract
The idea of integration is central to the contemporary geostrategic environment of Central Asia. Each of the great powers that is Russia, China and America has been working on its plan of integration in order to give orientation to the region in own preferred direction, further her own influence and at the same time deny that to the others (rivals). Cooperation and competition is evident in the evolving contesting and competing interests of the major powers. The Central Asian Republics are playing these powers off one another to maximize their own interests and secure regime security. China vis-à-vis United States of America enjoys geographical advantage of close proximity to the region while relatively to the Russian Federation China enjoys huge economic and financial leverage. China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as a benchmark Project of One Belt One Road (OBOR) is closely related to this geostrategic environment of Central Asia as it would integrate the landlocked region to Arabian Sea and beyond efficiently and effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
8. The new great game in Central Asia post 2014: The US "New Silk Road" strategy and Sino-Russian rivalry.
- Author
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Kima, Younkyoo and Indeo, Fabio
- Subjects
CHINA-Russia relations ,DISENGAGEMENT (Military science) ,AFGHAN War, 2001-2021 ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,ECONOMIC development ,ENERGY development ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
With the planned US and NATO withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2014 looming ever closer. and Central Asia's own future increasingly in doubt, major powers are all competing to enhance their influence in Central Asia. 2014 may mark a regional tipping point, but none can accurately predict how the regional balance might shift after the NATO withdrawal from Afghanistan. During 2009-2010, the signs of growing Russian dependence on China in terms of economy and energy were palpable, as were the signs of China successfully subordinating Russia to its Central Asian economic agenda. In 2011-2012, it was difficult to see Russia simply acquiescing in its subordination to China without reacting to that situation negatively. Since 2011, to avoid this dependence on China, Russia has vigorously pushed for its regional integration schemes. 2011 marked the launch of the US "New Silk Road" initiative. Great power regional integration schemes, however, undermine both regional and national development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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