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Johne's disease is a chronic disease with great concern in ruminants and caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2019 to January 2020 to estimate the prevalence of MAP infection among camels which are kept in three governorates in Nile Delta of Egypt. A total of 440 serum samples were examined by ELISA for detection of MAP antibodies. The multivariable logistic regression model was performed to determine the associated risk factors for MAP infection in examined camels. Overall, the seroprevalence of MAP infection was found to be 7.5% among examined camels. The multivariable logistic regression model was performed to determine the associated risk factors for MAP infection in examined camels. The main findings revealed that the risk of getting MAP infection increased among elder camels (>10 years old) with signs of diarrhea, having communal water source and in camels grazing in the same pasture (odds ratio >1). However, geographic location, sex and contact with cattle had not significant impact regarding to seroprevalence of MAP infection in camels. The present findings confirm presence of MAP among camels which is a potential risk factor for contamination of environment and spreading of infection. Therefore, further studies for detection of infected animals in early stage are needed beside the estimated risk factors in this study to build an efficient control program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Anaplasmosis is an infectious disease in camels caused by an obligate intracellular bacterium that is transmitted by ticks. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2020 to study the seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. among Camelus dromedarius in three governorates in Egypt and assess the associated risk factors. Serum samples from 365 camels were examined by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) test. (3) Results: Overall, the seroprevalence of anaplasmosis among camels was 18.6%. Multivariable logistic regression was performed, and it was discovered that tick infestation, application of acaricides, grooming practice and body condition were potential risk factors for Anaplasma spp. infection (odds ratio > 1) in dromedary camels. In contrast, the locality in which the camels lived and their age were not significant effects with regard to the occurrence of anaplasmosis. (4) Conclusions: The current findings suggest that improvement of protective measures to limit the effects of the identified risk factors can help to reduce the spread of anaplasmosis among camels in Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]