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1. Qué importancia tiene el BRIC?

Author

Turzi, Mariano

Subjects
INTERNATIONAL competition, INTERNATIONAL relations
Abstract

Copyright of Estudios Internacionales is the property of Instituto de Estudios Internacionales de la Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2011

2. The BRICs Countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) as Analytical Category: Mirage or Insight?

Author

Armijo, Leslie Elliott

Subjects
*INTERNATIONAL relations, *ECONOMICS, INDUSTRIES & economics
Abstract

American hegemony has passed its peak. The twenty-first century will see a more multi-polar international system. Yet Western European countries may not be the United States' main foils in decades to come. Four new poles of the international system are now widely known in the business and financial press as the "BRICs economies" (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). Does the concept of "the BRICs" have meaning within a rigorous political science framing? From the perspective of an economic liberal employing neoclassical assumptions to understand the world economy, the category's justification is surprisingly weak. In contrast, a political or economic realist's framing instructs us to focus on states that are increasing their relative material capabilities—as each of the four is. Finally, within a liberal institutionalist's mental model, the BRICs countries are a compelling set, yet one with a deep cleavage between two sub-groups: large emerging powers likely to remain authoritarian or revert to that state, and those that are securely democratic. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008

3. Where is Europe?

Author

Gärtner, Heinz and Österreichisches Institut für Internationale Politik (oiip)

Subjects
National Economy, China, economic power, Volkswirtschaftstheorie, Economics, Wirtschaftsbeziehungen, India, global security governance, emerging powers, "Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership" (TTIP), United States of America, Internationale Beziehungen, Sicherheitspolitik, Russia, Diffusion, security policy, Brasilien, ddc:330, Außenpolitik, Außenhandel, Indien, Wirtschaftsordnung, international leading power, Machtwechsel, USA, Weltordnung, world order, international security, Wirtschaft, economic relations, europäische Sicherheit, European security, International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy, free trade, Global Player, Europe, economic system, wirtschaftliche Macht, foreign policy, internationale Sicherheit, Russland, foreign trade, International relations, EU, internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik, Europa, change in power, Freihandel, Brazil, ddc:327, internationale Führungsmacht
Abstract

The world requires global solutions. What is the right approach? Since the end of the Bush administration there has been an international debate on what kind of world will emerge. Where is Europe in this debate? Among American academics Europe plays only a marginal role. Their main concerns are the decline of America and the rise of China. Europe is not considered to be a major power factor in the new world. The "Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership" (TTIP) introduced a new element into the debate, however. For liberal internationalists the TTIP could provide a stable basis for market economies and liberal democracies to strengthen their global influence. Such an agreement could help to enlarge their standards to the emerging powers. On the one hand, it would pull them into the new system. On the other hand, it would push them towards it. The US and Europe would create an economic and politically unifying force that would integrate the new emerging actors such as China, India, Brazil, Russia and other established economic powers. Geo-strategists and Realists would argue that closer US - European ties, the TIPP together with the "Transpacific Partnership" (TPP), would enhance the West's leverage with China.

Published
2013