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This study identifies new wood-based products with considerable potential and attractive markets, including textiles, liquid biofuels, platform chemicals, plastics, and packaging. We apply a mixed-methods review to examine how the position of the forest industry in a given value chain determines the respective production value. An assessment is provided as to the degree to which these emerging wood-based products could compensate for the foreseen decline of graphic paper markets in four major forest industry countries: USA, Canada, Sweden, and Finland. A 1%-2% market share in selected global markets implies a potential increase in revenues of 18-75 billion euros per annum in the four selected countries by 2030. This corresponds to 10%-43% of the production value of forest industries in 2016 and compares with a projected decline of graphic paper industry revenue of 5.5 billion euros by 2030. The respective impacts on wood use are manifold, as many of the new products utilize by-products as feedstock. The increase in primary wood use, which is almost entirely attributed to construction and to some extent textiles markets, would be in the range of 15-133 million [m.sup.3], corresponding to 2%-21% of the current industrial round-wood use in the selected countries.Key words: bioeconomy, competitiveness, forest industry, new wood-based products, value chain.Cette etude identifie de nouveaux produits a base de bois ayant un grand potentiel de developpement ainsi que des marches attrayants, tels que les textiles, les biocarburants liquides, les produits chimiques porteurs, les plastiques et les emballages. Nous avons utilise une revue des methodes mixtes pour analyser comment la position de l'industrie forestiere dans une chaine de valeur donnee determine la production de valeur pour les produits selectionnes. On presente une evaluation des chances que ces nouveaux produits puissent compenser le declin envisage dans le marche du papier graphique dans quatre principaux pays producteurs de bois: les Etats-Unis, le Canada, la Suede et la Finlande. Une augmentation de 1 a 2 % des parts de marche dans des secteurs precis represente un gain potentiel de revenus de 18 a 75 milliards d'euros par annee d'ici 2030, et ce pour les quatre pays. Cela represente 10 a 43 % de la valeur de la production des industries forestieres en 2016 comparativement a une diminution projetee des revenus de 5,5 milliards d'euros pour l'industrie du papier graphique d'ici 2030. Les impacts respectifs sur l'utilisation du bois sont nombreux, puisque plusieurs de ces nouveaux produits utilisent des sous- produits du bois comme matiere premiere. L'augmentation de l'utilisation primaire du bois, qui est presque entierement attribuable a la construction et jusqu'a un certain point aux marches du textile, representerait 15 a 133 milliards [m.sup.3], ce qui represente 2 a 21 % de l'utilisation actuelle du bois pour la transformation industrielle dans les pays selectionnes. [Traduit par la Redaction]Mots-cles: bioeconomie, competitivite, industrie forestiere, nouveaux produits du bois, chaine de valeur., 1. IntroductionThe 17 global sustainable development goals (United Nations (UN) 2015a) and the Paris climate agreement (UN 2015b) set internationally recognized goals that require transforming towards more sustainable business practices. [...]

SUMMARY In this paper, the design of an interval observer with an adaptive dynamical gain is presented. The observer is formulated in the framework of robust state estimation of uncertain dynamical systems, where an interval that encloses the unknown state variables is provided. For a specific type of interval observer design, an optimal gain could provide the narrowest interval. Because this gain depends on the (unknown) state, it can however not be determined, and only intervals for this optimal gain can be estimated. Here, we propose a strategy to track, with a high gain observer, the optimal gain together with the computation of its derivative. The observer performance is first illustrated with the simple case of an uncertain bioreactor model. Then, we propose the real case of the estimation of microalgal oil in the framework of biofuel production. The proposed observer design, when applied to experimental data of Isochrysis affinis galbana, appears to be a suitable robust estimation technique. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Densified biomass pellets using waste wood sawdust (S) as main materials and wrapping paper fiber (P) as “solid bridge”, named as P/S-BPs, was prepared by a hydraulic press powder pelletizer under room temperature and pressure lower than10MPa. The effects of the addition of P to S and the compressed pressure on the density, resiliency (R), abrasion resistance (AR), impact resistance index (IRI)) and the combustion behavior of the P/S-BPs were investigated. The results showed that the addition of P to S greatly reduced the negative effects of resiliencies on the densities and mechanical properties of P/S-BPs during storage. For example, P/S-BPs compressed at 6MPa in a P/S mass ratio of 1–3 showed the smooth surface and low resiliency of 10% with a high relaxed density of 1.08kgm−3. This is due to the strengthened interlocking bonds through fabricating “solid bridge” and increasing attracting force by adding P to resist the disruptive force created by elastic recovery even under low pressure. Combustion results showed that the addition of P decreased the soot index (SI) due to the lower devolatilization rate and burnout rate, and increased the HHV per unit volume because of its high relaxed density. Thus, compression of waste P and S in a P/S mass ratio of 1–3 at room temperature under 6MPa is a cost-effective process to produce densified sustainable bio-fuel from waste S and P as well as dispose them. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Library materials are susceptible to fungal deterioration. The paper constituents of archival materials are subjected to harmful physical and chemical processes as they are slowly consumed by fungi. Remediation of fungal contamination can be costly and risk further damage to fragile or previously degraded materials. Early detection of fungal growth would permit the use of relatively noninvasive treatments to remediate fungal contamination of artifacts before visible or lasting damage has occurred. Current methods used for the detection of microbial biomass, such as colony counts, microscopic biovolume estimation, and ergosterol analysis are expensive, time consuming, or are inappropriate for use with fungi. Beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52) activity provides a rapid and reliable means of fungal detection on a variety of cultural heritage materials. Adapted for use on archival materials, fluorogenic 4-Methylumbelliferyl (MUF) labeled substrate N-acetyl-Beta-D-glucosamine (NAG) was used to detect fungal beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity. The fluorescence generated by minute quantities of fungi was quickly detected at an early stage of growth. The sensitivity of the assay was comparable to other biochemical techniques. The fluorometric assay was well-suited for early detection of fungal biomass on paper and assessment of the effectiveness of common remediation practices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]