1. Cerebrospinal fluid lipocalin 2 in patients with clinically isolated syndromes and early multiple sclerosis.
- Author
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Khalil, M., Renner, A., Langkammer, C., Enzinger, C., Ropele, S., Stojakovic, T., Scharnagl, H., Bachmaier, G., Pichler, A., Archelos, J. J., Fuchs, S., Seifert-Held, T., and Fazekas, F.
- Subjects
CEREBROSPINAL fluid ,LIPOCALIN-2 ,MULTIPLE sclerosis ,TRANSFERRIN ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,PATIENTS - Abstract
Background: Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and might further impact on iron homoeostasis. Brain iron accumulates in MS; however, the association to iron-related proteins is still unsolved. Objective: To investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum LCN2, transferrin (Trf) and ferritin in early MS in relation to disease evolution and longitudinal brain iron accumulation. Methods: We analysed CSF and serum LCN2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Trf and ferritin by nephelometry in 55 patients (45 clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), 10 MS, median clinical follow-up 4.8 years) and 63 controls. In patients, we assessed sub-cortical grey matter iron by 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) R2* relaxometry (median imaging follow-up 2.2 years). Results: Compared to controls serum (p < 0.01), CSF (p < 0.001) LCN2 and CSF Trf (p < 0.001) levels were reduced in the patients. CSF LCN2 correlated with CSF Trf (r = 0.5, p < 0.001). In clinically stable patients, CSF LCN2 levels correlated with basal ganglia iron accumulation (r = 0.5, p < 0.05). In CIS, higher CSF LCN2 levels were associated with conversion to clinically definite MS (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrate altered LCN2 regulation in early MS and provide first evidence for this to be possibly linked to both clinical MS activity and iron accumulation in the basal ganglia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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