1. Mitochondriopathies as a Clue to Systemic Disorders—Analytical Tools and Mitigating Measures in Context of Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized (3P) Medicine
- Author
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Olga Golubnitschaja, Marek Samec, Peter Kubatka, Erik Kudela, Lenka Koklesova, and Alena Liskova
- Subjects
chronic inflammation ,Mitochondrial Diseases ,Carcinogenesis ,Review ,oxidative damage ,Mitochondrion ,systemic disorders ,Bioinformatics ,medicine.disease_cause ,diagnostic tools ,lcsh:Chemistry ,energy metabolism ,vasoconstriction ,suboptimal health conditions ,Precision Medicine ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Spectroscopy ,multi-parametric analysis and machine learning ,vicious circle ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,dysfunction ,Neurodegeneration ,apoptosis ,neurodegeneration ,Neurodegenerative Diseases ,health policy ,General Medicine ,antioxidant mechanisms ,Mitochondria ,Computer Science Applications ,mitochondriopathy ,Mitochondrial respiratory chain ,socio-economic burden ,life-style ,injury ,DNA repair ,Context (language use) ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,ROS overproduction ,mitochondrial function ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,cancer ,predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,dietary habits ,Molecular Biology ,ATP synthesis ,individualised patient profile ,Reactive oxygen species ,liquid biopsy ,business.industry ,disease predisposition ,Organic Chemistry ,COVID-19 ,medicine.disease ,Review article ,Oxidative Stress ,tumorigenesis ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,chemistry ,pathology ,biomarker panels ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,business ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory chain is the main site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the cell. Although mitochondria possess a powerful antioxidant system, an excess of ROS cannot be completely neutralized and cumulative oxidative damage may lead to decreasing mitochondrial efficiency in energy production, as well as an increasing ROS excess, which is known to cause a critical imbalance in antioxidant/oxidant mechanisms and a “vicious circle” in mitochondrial injury. Due to insufficient energy production, chronic exposure to ROS overproduction consequently leads to the oxidative damage of life-important biomolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and amino acids, among others. Different forms of mitochondrial dysfunction (mitochondriopathies) may affect the brain, heart, peripheral nervous and endocrine systems, eyes, ears, gut, and kidney, among other organs. Consequently, mitochondriopathies have been proposed as an attractive diagnostic target to be investigated in any patient with unexplained progressive multisystem disorder. This review article highlights the pathomechanisms of mitochondriopathies, details advanced analytical tools, and suggests predictive approaches, targeted prevention and personalization of medical services as instrumental for the overall management of mitochondriopathy-related cascading pathologies.
- Published
- 2021