12 results
Search Results
2. Evaluation of alizarin and purpurin dyes for their ability to visualize latent fingermark on porous surfaces
- Author
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Kıymet Berkil Akar
- Subjects
Paper ,Anthraquinones ,Alizarin ,01 natural sciences ,Anthraquinone ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Lawsone ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,Dermatoglyphics ,Porosity ,Coloring Agents ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Ninhydrin ,Thermal paper ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Reagent ,Indans ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Anthraquinones are a group of dye with many members and a wide range of industrial uses ranging from food, textiles to printing. Even though the reactions of anthraquinone dyes with amino acids are known, they have not yet been subjected to an examination regarding their ability in fingermark detection. In the presented study, the potential of alizarine and purpurin, natural anthraquinone dyes, as a fingermark reagent was examined in comparison with ninhydrin and lawsone. Alizarin and purpurin react with latent fingermark residue on copier paper and thermal paper to yield yellow-orange coloured impressions. The products formed also display photoluminescence properties when illuminated at 440 nm viewed through red filter. Both natural anthraquinone dyes exhibited some superior properties at the development of latent fingermarks on these surfaces compared to ninhydrin and lawsone.
- Published
- 2020
3. Crude extracts of Sesamum Indicum roots used as anthraquinone source effect on pulping with sodium hydroxide of Sudanese bagasse
- Author
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Osman Taha Elzaki, Suhair Kamalaldeen Shomeina, Salaheldin Dafaalla Mohieldin, Tarig Osman Khider, and Sakina Yagi
- Subjects
Paper ,0301 basic medicine ,Sodium oxide ,Ethyl acetate ,lcsh:Medicine ,Anthraquinones ,Plant Roots ,Anthraquinone ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Sesamum ,Bagasse ,Sudan ,Anthraquinone (AQ) ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Manufacturing Industry ,Cooking with sodium hydroxide ,Humans ,Sodium Hydroxide ,Petroleum ether ,030212 general & internal medicine ,lcsh:Science (General) ,Cellulose ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Anthrasesamones ,Chloroform ,biology ,Chemistry ,lcsh:R ,Sesamum Indicum ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Kappa number ,Research Note ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Sodium hydroxide ,Pulp yield ,lcsh:Q1-390 ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
The objectives The work was carried out for extraction of natural anthrasesamones from roots of Sesamum Indicum using different organic solvents and utilization of extracts as catalyst in pulping with sodium hydroxide for a by-product of sugar industry (Sudanese bagasse). Results Sesamum Indicum roots when extracted with ethanol, it gave the highest extracts yield % (0.964), followed by ethyl acetate, chloroform, dichloromethane and petroleum ether extracts. The chemical pulping of Bagasse was done by using of sodium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide with anthraquinone, and sodium hydroxide with extract instead of anthraquinone keeping constant conditions at temperature 160 °C and applied sodium oxide 10.9% and time was 120 min, gave promising screened yield between 49.84 and 53.68%, bleachable kappa number between 15.57 and 8.26 for sodium hydroxide only and cooking with sodium hydroxide with anthraquinone. Cooking with sodium hydroxide of bagasse with anthrasesamones gave good pulping yields and kappa number. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4075-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2019
4. Library of UV–Vis–NIR reflectance spectra of modern organic dyes from historic pattern-card coloured papers
- Author
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Rachel Freeman, Marcello Picollo, Cristina Montagner, Mauro Bacci, and Susanna Bracci
- Subjects
Paper ,Xanthene ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,Triphenylmethane ,Quinoline ,Anthraquinone ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Analytical Chemistry ,Azine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Thiazine ,Acridine ,Organic chemistry ,Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ,Dyeing ,Coloring Agents ,Instrumentation ,Art ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
An accurate characterisation of the organic dyes used in artworks, especially those made of paper, is an important factor in designing safe conservation treatments. In the case of synthetic organic dyes used in modern works of art, for example, one frequently encountered difficulty is that some of these dyes are not still commercially available. Recognizing this problem, the authors of this paper present the results of an analysis of UV–Vis–NIR fibre optic reflectance spectra of 82 samples of dyed paper prepared with 41 dyes. The samples come from a historic book, The Dyeing of Paper in the Pulp , which was published by Interessen-Gemeinschaft (I.G.) Farbenindustrie in 1925. The dyes used in the paper pulp belong to the azo compounds, acridine, anthraquinone, azine, diphenylmethane, indigoid, methine, nitro, quinoline, thiazine, triphenylmethane, sulphur and xanthene classes.
- Published
- 2011
5. Positive and negative aspects of soda/anthraquinone pulping of hardwoods
- Author
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Raymond C. Francis, Nourredine Abdoulmoumine, N. Lavrykova, T.S. Bolton, and Samar K. Bose
- Subjects
Paper ,Pulp mill ,Environmental Engineering ,Anthraquinones ,Bioengineering ,engineering.material ,Kappa number ,Lignin ,Anthraquinone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,stomatognathic system ,Transition Elements ,Hardwood ,Sodium Hydroxide ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Ethanol ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Water ,Oxides ,General Medicine ,Calcium Compounds ,Pulp and paper industry ,Wood ,Oxygen ,stomatognathic diseases ,Kraft process ,Sodium hydroxide ,engineering ,Kraft paper - Abstract
The positive aspects of the non-sulfur soda/anthraquinone (SAQ) process are mostly tied to improved energy efficiency while lower pulp brightness after bleaching is its most significant drawback. A credible method that quantifies bleachability as well as an approach that solves the problem for SAQ pulps from hardwoods will be described. A straight line correlation (R2=0.904) was obtained between O2 kappa number and final light absorption coefficient (LAC) value after standardized OD0EpD1 bleaching of nine hardwood kraft pulps from three laboratories and one pulp mill. The bleachability of pulps from four different soda processes catalyzed by anthraquinone (AQ) and 2-methylanthraquinone (MAQ) was compared to that of conventional kraft pulps by comparing O2 kappa number decrease and final LAC values. It was observed that a mild hot water pre-hydrolysis improved the bleachability of SAQ pulps to a level equal to that of kraft.
- Published
- 2008
6. Rice straw pulp obtained by using various methods
- Author
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Luis Serrano, Ana Moral, Jalel Labidi, L Jiménez, and Alejandro Rodríguez
- Subjects
Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,Potassium Compounds ,Bioengineering ,engineering.material ,Anthraquinone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Botany ,Electrochemistry ,Hydroxides ,Sodium Hydroxide ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Potassium hydroxide ,Plant Stems ,Plant Extracts ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Oryza ,General Medicine ,Straw ,Wood ,Kraft process ,Sodium hydroxide ,Soda pulping ,engineering ,Thermodynamics ,Kraft paper ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Rice straw was used as an alternative raw material to obtain cellulosics pulps. Pulping was done by using classics reagents as soda (with anthraquinone and parabenzoquinone as aditives), potassium hydroxide and Kraft process. The holocellulose, alpha-cellulose and lignin contents of rice straw (viz. 60.7, 41.2 and 21.9 wt%, respectively) are similar to those of some woody raw materials such as pine and eucalyptus, and various non-wood materials including olive tree prunings, wheat straw and sunflower stalks. Pulping tests were conducted by using soda, soda and anthraquinone at 1 wt%, soda and parabenzoquinone at 1 wt%, potassium hydroxide and sodium sulphate (Kraft process) under two different sets of operating conditions, namely: (a) a 10 wt% reagent concentration, 170 degrees C and 60 min; and (b) 15 wt% reagent, 180 degrees C and 90 min. The solid/liquid ratio was 6 in both cases. Paper sheets made from pulp extracted by cooking with soda (15 wt%) and AQ (1 wt%) at 180 degrees C and 90 min pulp exhibit the best drainage index, breaking length, stretch and burst index (viz. 23 degrees SR, 3494 m, 3.34% and 2.51 kN/g, respectively).
- Published
- 2008
7. Paulownia as a rawmaterial for the production of pulp by soda–anthraquinone cooking with or without previous autohydrolysis
- Author
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Antonio Pérez, Francisco José Martínez López, Juan C. García, Hugo E. de Alva, and Minerva A.M. Zamudio
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,General Chemical Engineering ,Paulownia ,Fractionation ,Raw material ,engineering.material ,Anthraquinone ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Cellulose ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Prima materia ,Soda–AQ pulp ,Waste management ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Pulp (paper) ,Organic Chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,Autohydrolysis ,engineering ,Biotechnology - Abstract
BACKGROUND: A central composite experimental design and multiple regression were used to model the production of pulp and paper sheets from a Paulownia fortunei × tormentosa × elongata trihybrid clone. Also, the same experiments were carried out with the solid phase after autohydrolysis of the raw material. RESULTS: The results were compared with those obtained from the solid phase remaining after autohydrolysis of the raw material with a view to optimizing the use of hemicelluloses and cellulose by fractionation. Pulp and paper sheets from the trihybrid clone surpass those from other Paulownia species such as P. fortunei and P. elongata in physical properties such as tensile index (11.6–49.1 Nm g−1), burst index (0.23–2.41 MPa m2 kg−1), tear index (0.71–3.03 mN m2 g−1) and intrinsic viscosity (427–958 cm3 g−1). CONCLUSIONS: The solid phase obtained by autohydrolysis of the Paulownia trihybrid provides pulp and paper sheets comparable in strength-related properties with those of pulp directly produced from the raw material, but using substantially milder operating conditions and with the added advantage that the autohydrolysis treatment provides highly valorizable liquor. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
- Published
- 2011
8. Effect of additives on fiber yield improvement for kraft pulping of kadam (Anthocephalus chinensis)
- Author
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Raymond C. Francis, Mir Misbahuddin, U. Roy, D. Biswas, and Samar K. Bose
- Subjects
Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,Bioengineering ,Anthraquinones ,Rubiaceae ,engineering.material ,Alkalies ,Anthraquinone ,Lignin ,Physical Phenomena ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,stomatognathic system ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Hardwood ,Fiber ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,General Medicine ,Pulp and paper industry ,stomatognathic diseases ,Kraft process ,engineering ,Kraft paper ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Projected decline in future wood resources has prompted researchers to try various additives in existing pulping processes for fiber yield improvement. Many studies have been conducted in the past aimed at improving kraft pulp yield with the use of additives in the cooking liquor. In this study, the effects of anthraquinone (AQ) and 2-methylanthraquinone (MAQ) on the pulp yield of kadam (Anthocephalus chinensis) were investigated. Three different active alkali doses (14%, 16% and 19% as NaOH) along with 0.1% of AQ or MAQ on chips were used to obtain various levels of delignification of the hardwood. Addition of AQ or MAQ to kraft pulping, increased fiber yield (0.5-2.7% on chips) and improved delignification selectivity (lignin vs. carbohydrate removal). Increases in pulp yield due to AQ or MAQ were more significant at lower doses of active alkalis. The viscosities and the physical strength properties of the pulps with kappa numbers 16-19 were comparable to kraft although there was a minor decrease in tensile strength for the kraft/MAQ pulp.
- Published
- 2009
9. Soda-anthraquinone pulping of palm oil empty fruit bunches and beating of the resulting pulp
- Author
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Luis Jiménez, Luis Serrano, Rafael Myro Sánchez, and Alejandro Rodríguez
- Subjects
Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,Bioengineering ,Anthraquinones ,Materials testing ,engineering.material ,Palm Oil ,Anthraquinone ,Chemical pulping ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Materials Testing ,Palm oil ,Plant Oils ,Computer Simulation ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Waste management ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Pulp (paper) ,General Medicine ,Straw ,Pulp and paper industry ,Bunches ,chemistry ,Models, Chemical ,Fruit ,engineering ,Stress, Mechanical - Abstract
The influence of soda-anthraquinone pulping variables (temperature, time and soda concentration) and beating (number of PFI beating revolution) of palm oil empty fruit bunches (EFB) on the resulting paper sheets was studied, with a view to identifying the optimum operating conditions. Equations were derived that reproduced the properties of the paper sheets with errors less than 10-12% in 90-95% of cases. An optimum compromise was found as regards operating conditions (15% soda, 170 degrees C, 70 min and 2400 number of PFI beating revolutions) that provided paper properties departing by less than 12% from their optimum values (59.63 Nm/g tensile index, 4.48% stretch, 4.17 kN/g burst index and 7.20 m Nm(2)/g tear index), and a beating grade of 47.5 degrees SR, acceptable to obtain paper sheets. Because these conditions involve a lower soda, temperature, time and beating than those required to maximize the studied paper properties, they can save chemical reagents, energy and immobilized capital for industrial facilities. On the other hand, the stretch properties of these pulp beaten are higher than those of others non-wood pulps, as wheat straw and olive wood.
- Published
- 2008
10. Cynara cardunculus L. alkaline pulps: alternatives fibres for paper and paperboard production
- Author
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Ana Paula Duarte, Ana Paula Cabral Seixas Costa, Maria Emília Amaral, and Sandra Abrantes
- Subjects
Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,business.product_category ,Bioengineering ,Cynara ,engineering.material ,Alkalies ,Kappa number ,Anthraquinone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,stomatognathic system ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Paperboard ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Papermaking ,General Medicine ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification ,Carton ,stomatognathic diseases ,visual_art ,engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,business ,Kraft paper - Abstract
The pulping of Cynara cardunculus L. (cardoon) was performed under conditions for kraft, kraft-AQ and soda-AQ processes. The best results in terms of delignification degree, expressed as kappa number, pulp viscosity and screened yield, were obtained for the kraft-AQ process with 0.20% of anthraquinone (AQ). The papermaking potential of the selected pulp was studied attending to biometric fibre characterisation, refining aptitude, optical and strength properties. All properties were compared against a Eucalyptus globulus pulp at different refining degrees. The cardoon pulp was also evaluated concerning its potential to board manufacture, alone and in mixtures with pine pulp, giving rise to promising results for liner manufacture.
- Published
- 2006
11. Chemical characterization of pitch deposits produced in the manufacturing of high-quality paper pulps from hemp fibers
- Author
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José C. del Río, Ana Gutiérrez, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (España), and European Commission
- Subjects
Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,Extractives ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Antifoaming Agents ,Bioengineering ,engineering.material ,Anthraquinone ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Acetone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Defoamer ,Cations ,Organic chemistry ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Cannabis ,Industrial hemp ,Fatty acid salts ,Tetramethylammonium hydroxide ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Magnesium ,Pulp (paper) ,Analytical pyrolysis ,General Medicine ,Cannabis sativa ,Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ,Paper pulp ,Pitch ,chemistry ,engineering ,Bast fibre ,Gas chromatography ,Resins, Plant ,Biotechnology ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, P.O. Box 1052, E-41080, Seville, Spain E-mail address: delrio@irnase.csic.es, The composition of pitch deposits occurring in pulp sheets and mill circuits during soda/anthraquinone pulping and elemental chlorine-free pulp bleaching of bast fibers of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) has been studied. Pitch deposits were extracted with acetone, and the extracts analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Acetone extracts (15-25% of pitch deposits) were constituted by the defoamers used at the mill and by lipophilic extractives from hemp fibers. Acetone-insoluble residues (75-85% of pitch deposits) were analyzed by pyrolysis-GC/MS in the presence and absence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide. These residues were constituted by salts of fatty acids (arising from hemp fibers) with calcium, magnesium, aluminum and other cations that were identified in the deposits. It was concluded that inappropriate use of defoamer together with the presence of multivalent ions seemed to be among the causes of hemp extractives deposition in the pitch problems reported here., This study has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (MCYT) and FEDER funds (projects 2FD97-0896-C02-02 and AGL2002-00393). A.G. acknowledges a "Ramón y Cajal" contract of the Spanish MCYT. We also thank CELESA (Tortosa, Spain) for providing the samples.
- Published
- 2005
12. Soda-anthraquinone, kraft and organosolv pulping of holm oak trimmings
- Author
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María E. Eugenio, Raúl Tapias, Félix A. López, and J. Alaejos
- Subjects
Paper ,Ethylene Glycol ,Environmental Engineering ,Time Factors ,Organosolv ,Bioengineering ,Anthraquinones ,Process variable ,engineering.material ,Kappa number ,Anthraquinone ,Lignin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Quercus ,Materials Testing ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Cellulose pulp ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Temperature ,General Medicine ,Pulp and paper industry ,Kraft process ,engineering ,Kraft paper - Abstract
The operating conditions for an organosolv (ethyleneglycol) and two alkaline (soda-anthraquinone and kraft) processes for obtaining cellulose pulp and paper from holm oak (Quercus ilex) wood trimmings were optimized. A range of variation for each process variable (viz. temperature, cooking time and soda or ethyleneglycol concentration) was established and a central composite experimental design involving three independent variables at three different variation levels was applied. The results obtained with the three cooking processes used were compared and those provided by the kraft process were found to be the best. Thus, the tensile index values it provided (5.9-16.3 N m/g) were 23.7% and 41.5% better than those obtained with the soda-AQ and ethyleneglycol processes, respectively. Also, the kraft process provided the best burst index, brightness and kappa number values. Based on the optimum working ranges, the temperature and cooking time were the variables resulting in the most and least marked changes, respectively, in pulp properties.
- Published
- 2004
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