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Objective: To investigate the effect of three pull method of spine combined with celecoxib on the activity of thoracolumbar vertebrae and the signal pathway of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) / Cell signal transducer (Smad) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: From July 2016 to December 2018, 150 patients with AS in our hospital were selcted, they were randomly divided into three groups: group A (n=50, treated with spine triple pull method), group B (n=50, treated with celecoxib) and group C (n=50, treated with spine triple pull method combined with celecoxib). The efficacy, thoracolumbar activity, BMP/Smad signal pathway related indicators and adverse reactions of the three groups were compared. Results: The total clinical effective rate of group C was 94.00% (47/50), which was higher than that of group A 66.00% (33/50) and group B 72.00% (36/50) (P<0.05). 6 months after treatment, the activity of lumbar vertebrae and thorax in group C were higher than those in group A and group B (P<0.05), and the distance between fingers and ground were shorter than that in group A and group B (P<0.05). 6 months after treatment, BMP-Ⅰrecipient, BMP-Ⅱrecipient, Smad1 and Smad4 in group C were lower than those in group A and group B (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The three pull method of spine combined with celecoxib in the treatment of patients with AS, the effect is significant, it can effectively improve the thoracolumbar activity, and does not increase the incidence of adverse reactions, the specific mechanism may be through the regulation of BMP/Smad signal pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]