14 results
Search Results
2. Applications of hemp in textiles, paper industry, insulation and building materials, horticulture, animal nutrition, food and beverages, nutraceuticals, cosmetics and hygiene, medicine, agrochemistry, energy production and environment: a review
- Author
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Eric Lichtfouse, Gilles Chanet, Grégorio Crini, Nadia Morin-Crini, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
Textile ,beverages ,biocomposite ,media_common.quotation_subject ,02 engineering and technology ,phytoremediation ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Bioplastic ,Cosmetics ,Agricultural economics ,12. Responsible consumption ,building materials ,Bioenergy ,Environmental Chemistry ,ink ,wastewater ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,2. Zero hunger ,Industrial crop ,textile ,business.industry ,cosmetics ,paper ,food ,Hemp oil ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,hemp ,Cannabis sativa ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,6. Clean water ,biopesticide ,Renewable energy ,13. Climate action ,Biofuel ,biofuel ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,energy - Abstract
International audience; The hemp plant Cannabis sativa Linn, referring to industrial hemp, is a high-yielding annual industrial crop grown providing fibers from hemp stalk and oil from hemp seeds. Although hemp is a niche crop, hemp production is currently undergoing a renaissance. More than 30 countries grow hemp, with China being the largest hemp producing and exporting country. Europe and Canada are also important actors in the global hemp market. Traditionally, hemp as a fiber plant has been used for the production of apparels, fabrics, papers, cordages and building materials. The hurds, as waste by-product of fiber production, were used for bedding of animals, the seeds for human nutrition, e.g., as flour, and the oil for a wide range of purposes, from cooking to cosmetics. Hemp has also been an important crop throughout human history for medicine. Other more recent applications include materials for insulation and furniture, automotive composites for interior applications and motor vehicle parts, bioplastics, jewelry and fashion sectors, animal feed, animal bedding, and energy and fuel production. Foods containing hemp seed and oil are currently marketed worldwide for both animal and human nutrition. They also find applications in beverages and in neutraceutical products. Hemp oil is also used for cosmetics and personal care items, paints, printing inks, detergents and solvents. It is estimated that the global market for hemp consists of more than 25,000 products. Currently, the construction and insulation sector, paper and textile industries, and food and nutrition domains are the main markets while the cosmetics and automotive sector are growing markets. Innovative applications, e.g., in the medical and therapeutic domains, cosmeceuticals, phytoremediation, acoustic domain, wastewater treatment, biofuels, biopesticides and biotechnology, open new challenges. Hemp is also the object of numerous fundamental studies. This review presents and discusses the traditional and new uses of industrial hemp.
- Published
- 2020
3. Report of the Editor-in-Chief.
- Author
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Harvey, David
- Subjects
- *
PERIODICALS , *PAPER , *AGRICULTURAL economics , *REACTION time - Abstract
The article presents a report from the editor-in chief of the "Journal of Agricultural Economics (JEA)" concerning the number in submissions of papers to the journal for 2008. It shows that the submission has increased, even without corresponding increase in accepted papers. It notes that response times continue to meet the target of four months, with some regrettable lapses. Moreover, Willey Blackwell continues to provide a strong publishing platform with the full archive of JEA papers.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Selected papers.
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL economics ,PAPER - Abstract
Presents summaries of papers relating to agricultural economics. Details on the paper `Wetland Conversion for Agriculture after the FAIR Act,' by Roger Claassen, Ralph Heimlich and Robert House; Information on the paper `Farm Operations' Sources of Capital Financial Performance Measures,' by James Ryan; Presentation paper `Price Linkages and Asymmetry in Pork Markets,' by Ted Schroeder and James Mintert.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The changing character of household waste in the Czech Republic between 1999 and 2009 as a function of home heating methods
- Author
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Markéta Doležalová, Anita Zavodska, and Libuše Benešová
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Paper ,Rural Population ,Czech ,Engineering ,Municipal solid waste ,Urban Population ,Solid Waste ,Agricultural economics ,Heating ,Waste Management ,Metals, Heavy ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Coal ,European Union ,European union ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Czech Republic ,media_common ,Waste characterisation ,Family Characteristics ,Household waste ,Waste management ,business.industry ,Solid fuel ,language.human_language ,language ,Christian ministry ,Seasons ,business ,Plastics - Abstract
The authors of this paper report on the changing character of household waste, in the Czech Republic between 1999 and 2009 in households differentiated by their heating methods. The data presented are the result of two projects, financed by the Czech Ministry of Environment, which were undertaken during this time period with the aim of focusing on the waste characterisation and complete analysis of the physicochemical properties of the household waste. In the Czech Republic, the composition of household waste varies significantly between different types of households based on the methods of home heating employed. For the purposes of these studies, the types of homes were divided into three categories – urban, mixed and rural. Some of the biggest differences were found in the quantities of certain subsample categories, especially fine residue (matter smaller than 20 mm), between urban households with central heating and rural households that primarily employ solid fuel such coal or wood. The use of these solid fuels increases the fraction of the finer categories because of the higher presence of ash. Heating values of the residual household waste from the three categories varied very significantly, ranging from 6.8 MJ/kg to 14.2 MJ/kg in 1999 and from 6.8 MJ/kg to 10.5 MJ/kg in 2009 depending on the type of household and season. The same factors affect moisture of residual household waste which varied from 23.2% to 33.3%. The chemical parameters also varied significantly, especially in the quantities of Tl, As, Cr, Zn, Fe and Mn, which were higher in rural households. Because knowledge about the properties of household waste, as well as its physicochemical characteristics, is very important not only for future waste management, but also for the prediction of the behaviour and influence of the waste on the environment as the country continues to streamline its legislation to the European Union’s solid waste mandates, the results of these studies were employed by the Czech Ministry of Environment to optimise the national waste management strategy.
- Published
- 2013
6. A review of municipal solid waste composition and quantities in Poland
- Author
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Joanna Kulczycka, Emilia den Boer, Ryszard Szpadt, Zygmunt Kowalski, and Andrzej Jędrczak
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Paper ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Municipal solid waste ,Waste collection ,Urban area ,Agricultural economics ,Waste Management ,Cities ,Organic Chemicals ,Waste Management and Disposal ,geography ,Household waste ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Waste management ,cardboard ,Biodegradable waste ,Refuse Disposal ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Heating system ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Environmental science ,Glass ,Poland ,Seasons ,Sample collection - Abstract
A review of results of the research involving the quantitative and composition analyses of household waste conducted in Poland in recent years is presented in this paper. For these analyses various methodologies have been employed, as there is not one obligatory methodology how to characterise municipal solid waste. The results of the research in large Polish cities indicate great variability, which is difficult to be reasonably explained. This situation is affected by a number of factors, such as various methods and places for sample collection, various methods for tests, fractional character of most of the studies (studies carried out only in some periods during a year). Consequently, it is neither possible to measurably compare their results, nor to generalise them. Hence, within this article only individual data for large cities is provided. It is therefore necessary to standardise methodology for such analyses in Europe, taking into account local variability (such as different housing patterns, climate and waste collection schemes) to allow comparison of results. Reported yearly household waste generation in Polish cities varies from 238 to 309 kg per inhabitant. Biodegradable waste is a strongly dominated fraction in household waste from Polish cities, followed by paper/cardboard and plastics. Historical data shows that waste composition has undergone profound changes, the most significant being an increase of the share of plastics and decrease of fine fraction. The presented data indicates that waste composition strongly depends on the type of housing and its heating system. In the new multi-family buildings with central heating the share of paper and plastics is higher than in old houses with individual heating. In the latter ones the share of fine fraction is higher.
- Published
- 2010
7. Dirty money: an investigation into the hygiene status of some of the world's currencies as obtained from food outlets
- Author
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Amy Heap, Cheralee Smith-Arnold, Amalia G.M. Scannell, Rijkelt R. Beumer, Montserat H. Iturriage, Kieran Wilson, Brandon Kinley, Wilma C. Hazeleger, Garry Menz, Jing Chen, Kome Otokunefor, Nicolas Barro, Kofi E. Aidoo, Beatriz Alvarez-Mayorga, Frank Vriesekoop, Qipeng Yuan, Xiuping Jiang, Cryn Russell, and Jenny DesLandes
- Subjects
Paper ,China ,Index (economics) ,Food Handling ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Colony Count, Microbial ,Cold storage ,Nigeria ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,Agricultural economics ,Levensmiddelenmicrobiologie ,Burkina Faso ,Environmental Microbiology ,Medicine ,Food microbiology ,Humans ,Circulation (currency) ,bacteria ,Mexico ,media_common ,Netherlands ,VLAG ,business.industry ,Australia ,Food Services ,Hygiene ,Index of Economic Freedom ,United Kingdom ,United States ,Biotechnology ,Social Class ,Consumer Product Safety ,Food processing ,Food Microbiology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Prosperity ,business ,Ireland ,Food Science ,New Zealand - Abstract
A total of 1280 banknotes were obtained from food outlets in 10 different countries (Australia, Burkina Faso, China, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States), and their bacterial content was enumerated. The presence of bacteria on banknotes was found to be influenced by the material of the notes, and there was a strong correlation between the number of bacteria per square centimeter and a series of indicators of economic prosperity of the various countries. The strongest correlation was found with the “index of economic freedom,” indicating that the lower the index value, the higher the typical bacterial content on the banknotes in circulation. Other factors that appear to influence the number of bacteria on banknotes were the age of the banknotes and the material used to produce the notes (polymer-based vs. cotton-based). The banknotes were also screened for the presence of a range of pathogens. It was found that pathogens could only be isolated after enrichment and their mere presence does not appear to be alarming. In light of our international findings, it is recommended that current guidelines as they apply in most countries with regard to the concurrent hygienic handling of foods and money should be universally adopted. This includes that, in some instances, the handling of food and money have to be physically separated by employing separate individuals to carry out one task each; whereas in other instances, it could be advantageous to handle food only with a gloved hand and money with the other hand. If neither of these precautions can be effectively implemented, it is highly recommended that food service personnel practice proper hand washing procedures after handling money and before handling food.
- Published
- 2010
8. Comparative analysis of the street generation of inorganic urban solid waste (IUSW) in two neighborhoods of Mexico City
- Author
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Cecilia Esther Muñoz-Cadena, Francisco Arenas-Huertero, and Eva Ramón-Gallegos
- Subjects
Paper ,Textile industry ,Time Factors ,Municipal solid waste ,Urban area ,Agricultural economics ,Residence Characteristics ,Mexico city ,Cities ,Developing Countries ,Mexico ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Socioeconomic status ,Waste Products ,Family Characteristics ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Waste management ,business.industry ,Textiles ,Vegetation ,Refuse Disposal ,Geography ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Work (electrical) ,Sustainable management ,Glass ,business ,Plastics ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Inorganic urban solid waste (IUSW) is a serious problem in developing countries, and IUSW in the street that does not have adequate final disposal is responsible for serious environmental effects. The aim of this work was to determine the dynamics of the generation of IUSW in the streets of two neighborhoods of different socioeconomic strata in Mexico City during 5 weeks in 2006. The amount of IUSW was recorded every day from 9:00 to 12:00 h, separated, classified, and registered. It was found that plastic (50%) and paper (44.5%) wastes were found most frequently, whereas, textiles (0.4%) and glass (0.5%) wastes were present less frequently in all samples. The IUSWs without commercial brands were more abundant. Branded plastic wrappers of PepsiCo and Bimbo, as well as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers of Coca Cola, registered the highest values, while Gatorade, Barrilitos, and Peñafiel registered the lowest. The neighborhood with a higher income and more vegetation on sidewalks or in jardinières, which are used to hide solid waste, had more IUSW than the neighborhood with lower income, where IUSW was thrown out directly into the street. The knowledge of the real generation and composition of IUSW will contribute to the prevention of its negative environmental and social impacts, as well as guarantee the efficiency of its sustainable management.
- Published
- 2009
9. ‘Stop Pub’: can banning of junk mail reduce waste production?
- Author
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Annie Resse and Irstea Publications, Migration
- Subjects
Paper ,Publishing ,[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Engineering ,Environmental Engineering ,Waste management ,business.industry ,Domestic waste ,MODECOM ,SYNDICAT DE CHARENTES ,Environment ,Pollution ,Agricultural economics ,Waste Management ,Waste production ,Organizational Case Studies ,Humans ,France ,Postal Service ,Household Articles ,business - Abstract
According to the new regulations on junk mail management to be adopted in France, both producers and distributors must participate in the recycling process. This case study was carried out in 2000 in four sectors in the Département of Charente in the south west of France. This report presents the quantities of junk mail in residual waste and in separate collections. The conclusion is that the new regulations may reduce overall domestic waste production by 2–4%, with the impact on separately collected paper being some 20%.
- Published
- 2005
10. Present status and future development in the world production of fibers and paper
- Author
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Milorad Krgovic and Slobodan M. Jovanović
- Subjects
business.product_category ,General Chemical Engineering ,paper ,Paper production ,General Chemistry ,Raw material ,fibers ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,Agricultural economics ,Paper machine ,Chemical engineering ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,Business ,production ,ecology ,Stock (geology) - Abstract
During 1994 278 million tons of paper were produced worldwide, while around 330 million tons were produced in 2002. The forecast for paper production in 2010 is 420 million tons. From these data, it may be concluded that the paper production industry, which exists for around 2000 years, is still a very attractive industrial branch. This work represents the conditions in the production of the major and auxiliary raw materials for paper production, as well as paper production in the World and production forecasts until 2010. It was indicated that the fraction of secondary fibers obtained from recycled paper increases every year in regard primary fibers. In 2010 secondary fibers will be the major source of primary raw materials for paper production in the World. It was pointed out that in the last fifteen years the quantity of paper produced during one season grew rapidly. This growth was achieved by advance stock preparation of paper and increased velocity of the paper machine and the width web of the produced paper. Activities regarding environmental protection undertaken by manufacturers of paper and fibers are presented.
- Published
- 2004
11. Economic scale of utilization of radiation in medicine in Japan
- Author
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Tomio Inoue, K. Nagasawa, K. Yanagisawa, H. Shiotari, K. Matsuyama, Kazushige Hayakawa, and Yoshihide Nakamura
- Subjects
Paper ,Radioisotopes ,Radiation ,business.industry ,Agriculture ,Agricultural economics ,Environmental technology ,Radiological technology ,Japan ,Scale (social sciences) ,Industry ,Kyoto Protocol ,Business ,Nuclear Medicine ,Radioactive Pollutants - Abstract
Economic scale of radioisotopes (RI) in Japan is studied in the field of medicine, agriculture and a part of industry. (1) RI is used during medical examination with economic scale by 1.7M$ (million dollars) in 1997 and 0.4M$ in 2005. (2) Economic scale of RI utilization in agriculture is 4M$ for R&D, 127M$ for environmental protection and 1M$ for chronology. RI usage in agriculture is increased five times due to needs at environmental technology lasted after the Kyoto protocol. (3) Indirect economic scale of RI ((85)Kr, (147)Pm, (90)Cr) usage in paper fabrication field in Japan for 2006 is 8432M$.
- Published
- 2009
12. An Assessment of the 1988 Japanese Beef Market Access Agreement on Beef and Feed-Grain Markets: Response
- Author
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Hayes, Dermot J. and Van der Sluis, Evert
- Published
- 1992
13. Preventing Substance Abuse
- Author
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Taylor, C. Robert and Penson,, John B.
- Published
- 1991
14. Guidelines for "Western Journal of Agricultural Economics" Authors
- Author
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LaFrance, Jeffrey T. and Watts, Myles J.
- Published
- 1991
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