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Arachis lutescens Krapov. & Rigoni 1958 is an important species due to their potentially extensive applications for cultivated peanut breeding. The whole chloroplast genome of A. lutescens was successfully assembled and annotated for the first time. The complete chloroplast genome of A. lutescens is a typically circular structure of 156,398 bp with a GC content of 36.3%. It comprises a large single-copy (LSC) region of 85,950 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,800 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 25,824 bp, each. The plastome of A. lutescens contains a total of 125 genes, including 81 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNAs, and eight rRNAs. The phylogenetic analysis strongly supports the close relationship between A. lutescens and cultivated peanut clades. This study contributes to our understanding of the molecular characteristics and evolutionary relationships of this plant species.

Stagioni (2006) is the last work by the Italian writer Mario Rigoni Stern and it is like an autobiography that delves into the most important phases of his life and explains his relationship with history and, above all, with nature, the focal point of his literary production. In this contribution, starting from an overview of some theoretical fundamentals of ecocriticism, such as Pastoral and Wilderness, and considering the relationship between ecocriticism and literary studies, we intend to analyze Rigoni Stern’s environmen-talist approach, placing Stagioni in the more complex ecological discourse that the writer built in his long literary career.

This article aims to analyse the reasons for the unexpected absence of Greece in Mario Rigoni Stern’s works about the Italian military campaign against Greece during the winter of 1940-1941. As a young soldier, Rigoni Stern fought in that terrible war in the Albanian mountains, close to the Greek line, and recounted those events many years later. I focus in particular on Quota Albania (1971), in an attempt to show that the novel is not only a memoir, but rather a Bildungsroman, in which he recounts his personal life, his disillusionment with Italian disorganisation and the difficult conditions he endured, the cold and hunger. Furthermore, I would like to explain that the surprising indifference to Greek events is linked not only to the author’s narrative intention, but also to the fact that in the final battle Rigoni Stern did not go to Greece, and never returned thereafter. On the other hand, his unfamiliarity with the Mediterranean justifies the lack of descriptive details of the Greek landscape.

Tous les récits de Mario Rigoni Stern sont une invitation au voyage, qu’ils aient pour cadre ses montagnes natales ou les paysages qui ont marqué de manière indélébile l’histoire de toute une génération de jeunes gens envoyés sur le front russe. Les voyages de la mémoire occupent ainsi une place majeure dans l’œuvre de l’auteur et sont, à ce titre, partie intégrante du devoir de mémoire dont il se sent investi. Ritorno sul Don, voyage-pèlerinage vers cette Russie dont l’évocation est omniprésente dans l’œuvre rigonienne, marque le retour du sergent vers ces espaces de guerre à la recherche de son passé et dans une démarche introspective propre à le réconcilier avec cette terre non plus fantasmée mais finalement retrouvée.

In this pre-registered study, we tried to replicate the study by Rigoni et al. 2013 Cognition 127, 264–269. In the original study, the authors manipulated the participants’ belief in free will in a between-subject design and subsequently measured post-error slowing (i.e. slower responses after an incorrect trial compared with a correct trial) as a marker of cognitive control. They found less post-error slowing in the group with reduced belief in free will (anti-free will group) compared with a control group in which belief in free will was not manipulated. In the present study, we used the same task procedure and the same free will manipulation (Crick text) in an attempt to replicate these findings. However, we used an online procedure and a larger sample size in order to address concerns about statistical power. Similar to the original study, we also used a questionnaire to measure beliefs in free will as an independent manipulation check. We found a difference in the scores on the questionnaire, thus a reduced belief in free will, after reading the Crick text. However, we did not find any difference in post-error slowing between the anti-free will and control groups. Our findings are in line with several other recent findings suggesting that the Crick text manipulation affects the participants’ self-reported belief in free will but not their behaviour. The present study can be considered a high-powered failed replication attempt.

Identité et différence sont des notions dont l’essence rejaillit en temps de guerre. Mario Rigoni Stern (1921-2008) a vécu la seconde guerre mondiale corps et âme. Ce thème névralgique, prétexte et toile de fond, est l’écho qui retentit continuellement dans les textes de cet écrivain italien même si celui-ci n’entend aucunement cautionner les conflits et leurs horreurs. Groupes et espaces d’appartenance sont bousculés mais la guerre, monde de l’altérité, permet à Rigoni Stern de construire, de réélaborer son identité. Il découvre la richesse des brassages culturels forcés et l’espace de la macro histoire en récupérant une capacité de fraternité possible même avec ses « ennemis », terme qui, du reste, est totalement banni de son vocabulaire. La singularité de cette grande expérience vécue semble lui offrir l’opportunité de déceler des valeurs étonnamment universelles. Nous nous proposons ainsi d’analyser comment les combats réellement endurés par Rigoni Stern engendrent des combats intérieurs qui le poussent à se poser des questions existentielles que son profond optimisme alimente de réponses, l’amenant à croire en l’homme et en l’humanité en général et qui font que la toute puissance de la guerre se résorbe.

Connecting to the recent geographical debate on «literary GIS» and the wide potentialities of the cartographic analysis applied to literature, this paper presents the first results of a hefty work of cataloging and mapping of over 700 place names in the fiction of Mario Rigoni Stern (Il sergente nella neve, Quota Albania, Storia di Tönle, L’anno della vittoria, Le stagioni di Giacomo, L’ultima partita a carte). The analytical potential of a synoptic view through several maps is here highlighted, with reference to three main themes among the many possible: the pattern of distribution of the place names from the local context to the global scale, the historical depth which always characterizes the reference to space and places, and the crucial role carried out by the memory of places and the «elsewhere’s geographies» in the author’s literary works.

La Trilogia dell’Altipiano di Mario Rigoni Stern può essere considerata un’opera coerente per diversi motivi: le tre storie raccontate hanno una comune ambientazione geografica, la piana di Asiago, che presenta un legame molto forte con la popolazione locale; le vicende narrate si pongono in consequenzialità cronologica e mostrano figure che tornano in tutti e tre i testi, comprendendo anche personaggi della famiglia dell’autore. Tale coerenza narrativa si riflette nel messaggio della Trilogia, che è un messaggio di pace e di denuncia della guerra come elemento di distruzione della comunità umana, raffigurata emblematicamente dall’allegoria del ciliegio che torna in tutte e tre le narrazioni. Finita la guerra, alla comunità e alla natura si oppone il consumismo moderno, che cancella le tracce dell’antica civilità alpina e contro cui Rigoni Stern si impegna come custode della memoria attraverso la parola narrata.

Abstract Measuring fluctuations in matter’s low-energy excitations is the key to unveiling the nature of the non-equilibrium response of materials. A promising outlook in this respect is offered by spectroscopic methods that address matter fluctuations by exploiting the statistical nature of light-matter interactions with weak few-photon probes. Here we report the first implementation of ultrafast phase randomized tomography, combining pump-probe experiments with quantum optical state tomography, to measure the ultrafast non-equilibrium dynamics in complex materials. Our approach utilizes a time-resolved multimode heterodyne detection scheme with phase-randomized coherent ultrashort laser pulses, overcoming the limitations of phase-stable configurations and enabling a robust reconstruction of the statistical distribution of phase-averaged optical observables. This methodology is validated by measuring the coherent phonon response in α-quartz. By tracking the dynamics of the shot-noise limited photon number distribution of few-photon probes with ultrafast resolution, our results set an upper limit to the non-classical features of phononic state in α-quartz and provide a pathway to access non-equilibrium quantum fluctuations in more complex quantum materials.

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Arachis lutescens Krapov. & Rigoni 1958 is an important species due to their potentially extensive applications for cultivated peanut breeding. The whole chloroplast genome of A. lutescens was successfully assembled and annotated for the first time. The complete chloroplast genome of A. lutescens is a typically circular structure of 156,398 bp with a GC content of 36.3%. It comprises a large single-copy (LSC) region of 85,950 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,800 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 25,824 bp, each. The plastome of A. lutescens contains a total of 125 genes, including 81 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNAs, and eight rRNAs. The phylogenetic analysis strongly supports the close relationship between A. lutescens and cultivated peanut clades. This study contributes to our understanding of the molecular characteristics and evolutionary relationships of this plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stagioni (2006) is the last work by the Italian writer Mario Rigoni Stern and it is like an autobiography that delves into the most important phases of his life and explains his relationship with history and, above all, with nature, the focal point of his literary production. In this contribution, starting from an overview of some theoretical fundamentals of ecocriticism, such as Pastoral and Wilderness, and considering the relationship between ecocriticism and literary studies, we intend to analyze Rigoni Stern’s environmentalist approach, placing Stagioni in the more complex ecological discourse that the writer built in his long literary career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the relations of friendship that tum into philosophical reflections between Cioran and the Italian writer Mario Andrea Rigoni, from his work: Cioran dans mes souvenirs. Our interest is to show the reflections Rigoni makes on the work and the human character of Cioran [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background With the advent of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) the World Health Organisation (WHO) adopted global strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030. In Europe, people who inject drugs (PWID) account for the majority of new cases, however testing and treatment remain suboptimal. The aim was to monitor progress in HCV policy and cascade-of-care for PWID, led by the civil society organisations (CSO) that provide harm reduction services for PWID across Europe. Methods In period 2020–2023, CSOs representing focal points of Correlation-European Harm Reduction Network were annually invited to complete online questionnaire on use/impact of HCV test-and-treat guidelines for PWID, availability/functioning of continuum-of-care, and role/limitations of harm reduction services for PWID. A retrospective longitudinal analysis of responses to questions answered each year by the same respondents was performed, and a comparison among the studied years was made. Results Twenty-five CSOs from cities in 25 European countries were included and responded to 25 questions. Between 2020 and 2023, there was positive trend in number of HCV treatment guidelines, separate guidelines for PWID, and their positive impact on acess to testing/treatment (24/25, 5/25, and 16/25 in 2023, respectively). DAAs were available in all countries, predominantly prescribed by specialist physicians only (slight increase at primary care), with restrictions including active drug use, stage of liver fibrosis or/and reimbursement policies (2/25, 4/25, and 3/25 in 2023, respectively). A decrease in HCV testing sites was noted. Treatment was consistently most common at clinical settings, however an increase outside the specialist settings was detected, particularly in prisons (12/25 and 15/25 in 2020–2021, respectively). Comparing 2022–2023, number of HCV-testing services increased in many cities with positive dynamic in nearly all the settings; increase in treatment at harm reduction services/community centres was noted (6/25 to 8/25, respectively). Between 2020 and 2023 the frequency of various limitations to CSOs addressing HCV was oscillating, presenting an increase between 2022 and 2023 (9/25 to 14/25, respectively). Conclusion The overall progress towards WHO HCV elimination goals across Europe remains insufficient, most probably also due to the influence of Covid-19 pandemic. Further improvements are needed, also by including CSOs for PWID in continuum-of-care services, and in monitoring progress.

Abstract Background Archaea and Bacteria are distinct domains of life that are adapted to a variety of ecological niches. Several genome-based methods have been developed for their accurate classification, yet many aspects of the specific genomic features that determine these differences are not fully understood. In this study, we used publicly available whole-genome sequences from bacteria ( $$N=2546$$ N = 2546 ) and archaea ( $$N=109$$ N = 109 ). From these, a set of genomic features (nucleotide frequencies and proportions, coding sequences (CDS), non-coding, ribosomal and transfer RNA genes (ncRNA, rRNA, tRNA), Chargaff’s, topological entropy and Shannon’s entropy scores) was extracted and used as input data to develop machine learning models for the classification of archaea and bacteria. Results The classification accuracy ranged from 0.993 (Random Forest) to 0.998 (Neural Networks). Over the four models, only 11 examples were misclassified, especially those belonging to the minority class (Archaea). From variable importance, tRNA topological and Shannon’s entropy, nucleotide frequencies in tRNA, rRNA and ncRNA, CDS, tRNA and rRNA Chargaff’s scores have emerged as the top discriminating factors. In particular, tRNA entropy (both topological and Shannon’s) was the most important genomic feature for classification, pointing at the complex interactions between the genetic code, tRNAs and the translational machinery. Conclusions tRNA, rRNA and ncRNA genes emerged as the key genomic elements that underpin the classification of archaea and bacteria. In particular, higher nucleotide diversity was found in tRNA from bacteria compared to archaea. The analysis of the few classification errors reflects the complex phylogenetic relationships between bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes.

Abstract How nicotine acts on developing neurocircuitry in adolescence to promote later addiction vulnerability remains largely unknown, but may hold the key for informing more effective intervention efforts. We found transient nicotine exposure in early adolescent (PND 21-28) male mice was sufficient to produce a marked vulnerability to nicotine in adulthood (PND 60 + ), associated with disrupted functional connectivity in dopaminergic circuits. These mice showed persistent adolescent-like behavioral and physiological responses to nicotine, suggesting that nicotine exposure in adolescence prolongs an immature, imbalanced state in the function of these circuits. Chemogenetically resetting the balance between the underlying dopamine circuits unmasked the mature behavioral response to acute nicotine in adolescent-exposed mice. Together, our results suggest that the perseverance of a developmental imbalance between dopamine pathways may alter vulnerability profiles for later dopamine-dependent psychopathologies.

Abstract

Diarrhea continues to be a global health problem as acute diarrhea carries the risk of dehydration, while both acute and chronic diarrhea can significantly affect patients’ quality of life and reduce productivity. The innovative medical device Actitan, which consists of a complex of natural molecules, could be an effective option for the treatment of diarrhea from various causes. The aim of this post-market cross-sectional study was to evaluate the perceived efficacy, safety and usage pattern of the two formulations for adults (Actitan-P) and children (Actitan-F) among patients/child caregivers, physicians and pharmacists. Participants completed online questionnaires with closed multiple-choice questions that were rated on a verbal 5-point Likert scale. These surveys were conducted via the online platform Real World Data, which provides digital questionnaires for patients, doctors and pharmacists. Two separate surveys were conducted for the two formulations, with a total of 2630 participants (1488 participants for Actitan-P and 1142 participants for Actitan-F). Overall, the results indicate a high level of efficacy and safety of the product. In the case of Actitan-F, more than 96% of caregivers rated safety as good or excellent, and over 92% rated efficacy as good or excellent. Actitan-P also received positive feedback: nearly 86% of patients reported good/excellent efficacy, and more than 93% rated safety as good or excellent. These positive evaluations were confirmed by physicians and pharmacists, who also did not report adverse effects. In summary, this study confirms the role of Actitan as a safe and effective option for the treatment of diarrhea of different causes and in different patient groups, including young children.

Introduction: The time elapsed from diagnosis to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is influenced by numerous factors. In Brazil, patients using the public health system are also dependent on the availability of HSCT-specific beds in the hematology ward. Objective and Methods: We conducted a cohort study of listed patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT at a Brazilian public hospital to investigate the impact of the waitlist time on post-HSCT survival. Results: The median time from diagnosis to HSCT was 19 months (IQR, 10 - 43), of which 6 months (IQR, 3 - 9) were spent on the waitlist. The time on the waitlist for HSCT appeared to influence mainly the survival of adult patients (≥ 18 years), with an increasing risk according to this time (RR, 3.53 and 95%CI, 1.81 - 6.88 for > 3 and ≤ 6 months; RR 5.86 and 95%CI, 3.26 - 10.53 for > 6 and ≤ 12 months, and; RR 4.24 and 95%CI, 2.32 - 7.75 for > 12 months). Conclusion: Patients who remained on the waitlist for less than 3 months had the highest survival (median survival, 856 days; IQR, 131 - 1607). The risk of reduced survival was about 6-fold higher (95%CI, 2.8 - 11.5) in patients with malignancies.