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Purpose: This study examined the quality of English test items using psychometric and linguistic characteristics among Grade Six pupils. Method: Contrary to the conventional approach of relying only on statistics when investigating item quality, this study adopted a mixed-method approach by employing psychometric analysis and cognitive interviews. The former was conducted on 30 Grade Six pupils, with each item representing a different construct commonly found in English test papers. Qualitative input was obtained through cognitive interviews with five Grade Six pupils and expert judgements from three teachers. Findings: None of the items were found to be too easy or difficult, and all items had positive discrimination indices. The item on idioms was most ideal in terms of difficulty and discrimination. Difficult items were found to be vocabulary-based. Surprisingly, the higher-order-thinking subjective items proved to be excellent in difficulty, although improvements could be made on their ability to discriminate. The qualitative expert judgements agreed with the quantitative psychometric analysis. Certain results from the item analysis, however, contradicted past findings that items with the ideal item difficulty value between 0.4 and 0.6 would have equally ideal item discrimination index. Significance: The findings of the study can serve as a reminder on the significance of using Classical Test Theory, a non-complex psychometric approach in assisting classroom teacher practitioners during the meticulous process of test design and ensuring test item quality.

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is an international comparative study that has been implemented by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) since 1995. This proposed study is aimed to identify the affective factors contributing to eighth graders' science achievement in TIMSS among Southeast Asian and East Asian countries. The freely-downloadable secondary data were analyzed using IEA's International Database (IDB) Analyzer (version 4.0) for TIMSS, a plug-in for SPSS. TIMSS uses an imputation methodology, involving plausible values, to report student performance. This study found that students' views on engaging teaching in science (BSBGESL) were negatively and significantly contributed to eighth-grade students' science achievement in Thailand, Singapore, Chinese Taipei, and Hong Kong SAR. Students Like Learning Science (BSBGSLS) were positively and significantly contributed to eighth-grade students' science achievement in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong SAR, and Chinese Taipei. Students Confident in Science (BSBGSCS) were positively and significantly contributed to eighth-grade students' science achievement in Korea, Japan, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong, Thailand, and Singapore. Students Value Science (BSBGSVS) was positively and significantly contributed to eighth-grade students' science achievement in Japan, Korea, Thailand, Chinese Taipei, Singapore, and Malaysia. Based on the research findings, policy recommendations were made to the Malaysian Ministry of Education to boost Malaysian eighth graders' science performance in the forthcoming TIMSS studies.

Self-efficacy is defined as a task-specific belief in a person’s potential and ability to master a skill or a task. As the technology is getting sophisticated, teachers are encouraged to apply the technology as teaching aid tool in the class. This research is done to investigate the relationship between the self-efficacy and the technology-based teaching styles of Mathematics pre-service teachers among Sultan Idris University of Education (UPSI) undergraduates. The research design used in this study is correlational study at where 148 AT14 Bachelor of Education (Mathematics) course and AT48 Bachelor of Science (Mathematics) with Education students are the sample. The statistical method used in this study is descriptive statistic which is mean and inferential statistics through Pearson’s correlation were used to study the relationship. The findings show that the level of self-efficacy and practice of technology-based teaching of pre-service teachers is significantly high. The results showed that there was a strong positive significant correlation between the self-efficacy and the technology-based teaching styles of those pre-service teachers (r=0.656, p=0.00, p

Purpose: The objective of this research is to assess the correlation between the independent variables i.e., conduct of course, relationship between facilitators, content and materials with course supervisors, facilities and support service, personal beliefs, learning opportunity of the participants and their learning opportunity. Methodology: This study employs a longitudinal research comprising 582 from a total of 645 participants from fiscal year 2010/2011 to fiscal year 2019/2020. The sampling method used in this research is quota sampling. Findings: The findings of this research concluded that there is a significant relationship between the variables and the learning opportunities of the participants. Additionally, there are 3 factors that influence the learning opportunity for participants which are the conduct of course, content and materials, and personal beliefs while the other three factors were not affected. Significance: The findings showed that only three independent variables significantly influenced the participants' learning opportunity i.e., Conduct of Course, Content and Materials, and Personal Beliefs. This research provides a clearer justification for RECSAM's future regular based on the findings and may suggest improvement on other variables that can be employed in making sure better learning opportunities courses in the future.

This research aims to study the effect of adventure-based learning on students' basic statistics achievement, critical thinking, and leadership skills. The quasi-experimental method was used in this study through quantitative research design. The sample consisted of 30 year 1 students of one of the Teacher Education Institutes. The institute itself determined this group of students. They are in the context of an intact group. The data were analyzed inferentially by using MANOVA. The results of the MANOVA test analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the mean post-test between groups for the achievement of Basic Statistics and leadership skills. At the same time, test analysis showed insignificant results for critical thinking skills. Thus, there was no significant difference in the mean post-test of critical thinking skills between the treatment group and the control group. There is a significant difference in the mean of the second post test between groups for basic statistics achievement and critical thinking. While test analysis showed insignificant results for leadership skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is a tool that is recognised as critical to attaining sustainability advancement. Although this was not stated explicitly, when it comes to Global Citizenship Education (GCE) focuses on educating people for enlightened engagement in sustainability advancement, especially unity for the peace of the world. As one of the basic subjects, through mathematics, teachers can promote unity through GCE among students. This research focuses on designing and developing a module for mathematics teachers as a guide to implementing unity through GCE in the mathematics classroom and identifying the students' awareness level of unity through Global Citizenship Education before and after the implementation of the lesson with five sample mathematics lesson plans. Design and Development Research (DDR) were used in this study to design and develop a lesson plan to convey Global Citizenship Education through the mathematics lesson. In order to determine the effectiveness of the lesson plan created for the GCE in mathematics, a questionnaire was distributed to the students both before and after the intervention. Ten mathematics teachers from the Muallim district were selected using stratified random sampling to conduct the lesson using the GCE lesson plan. A total of 350 students involved in the lesson were to answer the survey on unity. The results revealed that the module has a good validity value of 1.00. There is a significant difference between the pre and post-survey in promoting unity awareness among Form 1 students through mathematics. Therefore, implementing GCE in the education system could enhance the efficiency of the system and the quality of students to create unified global citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematics Mobile Application delivers learning to students using smart devices, such as smartphones, personal digital assistants (P.D.A.s), and tablet PCs using wireless internet. This research aimed to (a) develop an instrument of Mathematics Mobile Application and (b) identify the level of using MMA by Malaysian secondary school mathematics teachers. This study employed a quantitative research design. 280 teachers were sampled from the Malaysian regular secondary schools. One set of Mathematics Mobile Application (MMA) questionnaires was developed from the literature review and validated by experts. The survey data were analyzed using the Rasch analysis. Research findings revealed that the MMA instrument was examined the psychometric properties, whereby all the items developed based on the review were within the infit and outfit MNSQ of MMA (1.68 to 1.87) logits. In terms of unidimensionality, the first construct's eigenvalue is 3.6, which illustrates the existence of other dimensions. This means that the MMA is multidimensional, supporting the four dimensions from the literature review. The Wright map illustrates that most of the items were at the medium and easier difficulty level. There are no items too easy or high-level difficulty to endorse agreeability. The mean practice level of MMA by secondary school mathematics teachers was 2.978 (SD = 0.369), indicating a moderate level of secondary school mathematics teachers' usage of MMA. This study aims to add to the reviewed literature and instruments to mathematics education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The objective of this research is to assess the correlation between the independent variables i.e., conduct of course, relationship between facilitators, content and materials with course supervisors, facilities and support service, personal beliefs, learning opportunity of the participants and their learning opportunity. Methodology - This study employs a longitudinal research comprising 582 from a total of 645 participants from fiscal year 2010/2011 to fiscal year 2019/2020. The sampling method used in this research is quota sampling. Findings - The findings of this research concluded that there is a significant relationship between the variables and the learning opportunities of the participants. Additionally, there are 3 factors that influence the learning opportunity for participants which are the conduct of course, content and materials, and personal beliefs while the other three factors were not affected. Significance - The findings showed that only three independent variables significantly influenced the participants' learning opportunity i.e., Conduct of Course, Content and Materials, and Personal Beliefs. This research provides a clearer justification for RECSAM's future regular based on the findings and may suggest improvement on other variables that can be employed in making sure better learning opportunities courses in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring Positive School Attributes (PSA) is an effort to bridge the gap in the literature concerning Malaysian School Effectiveness Research. This research aims to explore Positive School Attributes from the teachers' perspectives. To better understand PSA in the local setting, the qualitative method was employed to understand the phenomenon. The samples of 16 teachers from regular secondary schools were selected as the participants for the qualitative method. The interview data were analysed using thematic analysis. Qualitative findings revealed four themes: Stimulating Positive Emotion, Fostering Positive Relationship, Nurturing Positive Accomplishment, and Nurturing Positive Leadership. The discussion also stressed the importance of the results in proposing additional insight into Malaysian schools. The study also crucially implies a need for both practitioners and policymakers to emphasise the PSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]