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Across three experiments (N = 1565), we investigated how forecasts about the spread of COVID 19 are impacted by data trends, and whether patterns of misestimation predict adherence to social-distancing guidelines. We also investigated how mode of data presentation influences forecasting of future cases by showing participants data on the number of COVID-19 cases from a 5-week period in either graphical, tabular, or text-only form. We consistently found that people shown tables produced more accurate forecasts compared to people shown line-graphs of the same data; yet people shown line-graphs were more confident in their estimates. These findings suggest that graphs engender false-confidence in the accuracy of forecasts, that people's forecasts of future cases have important implications for their attitudes concerning social distancing, and that tables may be better than graphs for informing the public about the trajectory of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To create a tool to rapidly determine where pandemic demand for critical care overwhelms county-level surge capacity and to compare public health and medical responses. Methods. In March 2020, COVID-19 cases requiring critical care were estimated using an adaptive metapopulation SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) model for all 3142 US counties for future 21-day and 42-day periods from April 2, 2020, to May 13, 2020, in 4 reactive patterns of contact reduction--0%, 20%, 30%, and 40%--and 4 surge response scenarios--very low, low, medium, and high. Results. In areas with increased demand, surge response measures could avert 104 120 additional deaths--55% through high clearance of critical care beds and 45% through measures such as greater ventilator access. The percentages of lives saved from high levels of contact reduction were 1.9 to 4.2 times greater than high levels of hospital surge response. Differences in projected versus actual COVID-19 demands were reasonably small over time. Conclusions. Nonpharmaceutical public health interventions had greater impact in minimizing preventable deaths during the pandemic than did hospital critical care surge response. Ready-to-go spatiotemporal supply and demand data visualization and analytics tools should be advanced for future preparedness and all-hazards disaster response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data services, including consultation services for data management and data visualization, have been increasingly needed among health sciences libraries over the past decade, arising from mandates from funders and a need to effectively communicate information gleaned from a proliferating amount of data. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which U.S.-based health sciences libraries provide services and resources to meet data-related needs. To do so, the authors examined the webpages of American Association of Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL) for published evidence of data-related services and resources. There were 157 library websites examined in total. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The firearms data infrastructure in the United States is severely limited in scope and fragmented in nature. Improved data systems are needed in order to address gun violence and promote productive conversation about gun policy. In the absence of federal leadership in firearms data systems improvement, motivated states may take proactive steps to stitch gaps in data systems. We propose that states evaluate the gaps in their systems, expand data collection, and improve data presentation and availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High consumption of fruits and vegetables leads to decreased risk of various chronic diseases, including obesity and cardiovascular disease. Community-level barriers to access fruits and vegetables include the high cost, limited availability, and transportation. Farmers markets are a priority strategy for improving community access to fresh fruits and vegetables. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Farmers Market Directory is a voluntary self-reported data source on farmers markets. The objective of this investigation of the USDA farmers markets data directory was to determine how farmers markets in the United States are grouped according to (1) availability of fruits and vegetables and (2) the payment accepted. We designed and implemented interactive data visualizations in visual analytics software to understand access to fruits and vegetables at farmers markets from 8,497 entries in the USDA Farmers Market Directory. Among the 665 new or updated entries in year 2018, a subset of 641 (96%) farmers markets with availability of fresh fruits and vegetables had 16 subgroups. Additionally, a subgroup of 102 (16%) farmer markets accepted all four federal nutrition assistance benefits (SFMNP, SNAP, WIC CVVs, and WIC FMNP). The interactive data visualizations including geographic maps connected to social media resources can be useful in advocacy efforts and can inform policy improvements designed to improve physical, social, and economic access to fruits and vegetables at farmers markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop a multicenter, multistakeholder, prospective clinical registry of children and adolescents with migraine to support the collection of real‐world data of sufficient quality to support regulatory submissions and provide site‐based infrastructure support for future clinical trials. Background: As new migraine treatments come to market, pediatric efficacy and safety trials of these agents are needed. A clinical registry is an ideal regulatory strategy to provide both real‐world data and site infrastructure to execute these trials. Design: Multicenter, multistakeholder, prospective real‐world data clinical registry of children and adolescents, 4‐17 years of age, diagnosed with migraine with or without aura. Participants will be followed for up to 12 months at 3‐month intervals, with interval recording of clinical data at study sites and self‐reported data via mobile health application, as well as biobanking. We developed electronic case report forms that incorporated routinely collected clinical data with National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Headache Common Data Elements (Version 2.0). All data are captured in a 21 CFR Part 11 – compliant electronic data capture system – augmented by a real‐time, web‐based, and customizable data visualization platform. We engaged vendors to provide ancillary biobanking, patient data entry, and data visualization services. Results: We used an iterative and highly collaborative multistakeholder approach to design and implement a streamlined registry protocol with input from all participating US sites. At each design and implementation step, we received input from therapeutic area experts, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the National Institutes of Health, patient and parent advocates, health technology partners, drug developers, and site‐based clinical investigators. The registry is governed by a multistakeholder steering committee with representation from sites, industry partners, patient advocates, and a member from the FDA (non‐voting with respect to steering committee matters). The multistakeholder and site‐driven approach to registry design and execution was highly efficient and resulted in the first patient enrolled within 6 months of concept development. Conclusions: By ensuring regulatory compliant implementation of the registry, we created both a source of real‐world data and a multisite platform for the conduct of future clinical trials that can be submitted to regulatory authorities to support inclusion of pediatric data in approved drug labeling. A highly collaborative approach with broad stakeholder engagement at all stages of the registry development was a key to our operational success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The complexity of current injury-related health issues demands the usage of diverse and massive data sets for comprehensive analyses, and application of novel methods to communicate data effectively to the public health community, decision-makers and the public. Recent advances in information visualisation, availability of new visual analytic methods and tools, and progress on information technology provide an opportunity for shaping the next generation of injury surveillance. Objective To introduce data visualisation conceptual bases, and propose a visual analytic and visualisation platform in public health surveillance for injury prevention and control. Methods The paper introduces data visualisation conceptual bases, describes a visual analytic and visualisation platform, and presents two real-world case studies illustrating their application in public health surveillance for injury prevention and control. Results Application of visual analytic and visualisation platform is presented as solution for improved access to heterogeneous data sources, enhance data exploration and analysis, communicate data effectively, and support decision-making. Conclusions Applications of data visualisation concepts and visual analytic platform could play a key role to shape the next generation of injury surveillance. Visual analytic and visualisation platform could improve data use, the analytic capacity, and ability to effectively communicate findings and key messages. The public health surveillance community is encouraged to identify opportunities to develop and expand its use in injury prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 include strict regulations for reporting content, and it falls on the named director to ensure that this content is available to the caregiver. With the electronic health record serving as the conduit to the end user of the laboratory data, the laboratory generally, and the director specifically, must verify accurate transmission of these content components. An understanding of regulatory and accreditation requirements is essential both to allow the proper discharge of these mandated responsibilities and to enforce the role and authority that the pathologist must have to ensure that these requirements are satisfied by the reporting system. The regulatory requirements will be discussed in the context of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 standards; however, interpretation and expansion on these regulations exist both in Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 inspection guidelines from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and in accreditation program requirements. This regulatory expectation both places the laboratory director in a position of risk and provides leverage to ensure meaningful and accurate communication of laboratory information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We present a boundary-fitted, scale-invariant unstructured tetrahedral mesh generation algorithm that enables registration of element size to local feature size. Given an input triangulated surface mesh, a feature size field is determined by casting rays normal to the surface and into the geometry and then performing gradient-limiting operations to enforce continuity of the resulting field. Surface mesh density is adjusted to be proportional to the feature size field and then a layered anisotropic volume mesh is generated. This mesh is “scale-invariant” in that roughly the same number of layers of mesh exist in mesh cross-sections, between a minimum scale size and a maximum scale size . We illustrate how this field can be used to produce quality grids for computational fluid dynamics based simulations of challenging, topologically complex biological surfaces derived from magnetic resonance images. The algorithm is implemented in the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) version of the Los Alamos grid toolbox LaGriT. Research funded by the National Heart and Blood Institute Award 1RO1HL073598-01A1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Data visualization is an important tool that epidemiologists use to communicate with others in the field. The American Journal of Epidemiology recently acknowledged the importance of data visualization by inaugurating an award for the "Figure of the Year." Yet, creating figures that adhere to the standards of the Journal is a challenge. The purpose of the present article was to provide helpful hints for creating figures in SAS/GRAPH that meet the requirements of the Journal. It stresses 3 techniques: properly sizing figures overall, sizing text within a figure, and creating acceptable file formats. This information will prove useful to authors who create data-driven figures intended to be published in the Journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The author reviews the paper by Kroemer (1972) on the design of the split geometry keyboard and the subsequent 35 years of research on the topic. Background: It was first suggested in the 1920s that arm strain in the typist could be reduced by splitting the keyboard into two halves and inclining the two halves laterally. The first systematic research on the split keyboard was conducted by Kroemer in the 1960s and published in his 1972 article. Methods: The literature on split geometry keyboards was identified, and the progression of the research was reviewed. Results: The Kroemer article marked the beginning of a prolonged, worldwide research effort to determine whether and how the split keyboard design might improve comfort and prevent pain in keyboard users. Conclusions: In the early 1990s, split keyboard designs began to be broadly commercially available. Clear evidence of a health benefit of the split keyboards emerged in the late 1990s. By 2006, a split keyboard was the number one-selling keyboard, of all keyboards sold, in the U.S. retail market. Application: The history of research on this topic, the challenges to changing the conventional design, and the broader acceptance of the split design are a success story with lessons for all of us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the early 1980s the U.S. Army fielded the first integrated helmet-mounted display (HMD) for use in the AH-64 Apache helicopter. To reduce head-supported weight and minimize center-of-mass offsets, a monocular optical design was selected. Although early design concerns of binocular rivalry and the Pulfrich phenomenon never materialized, user surveys have documented persistent reports of visual complaints and illusions in peacetime training flights. However, a recent evaluation conducted under battle conditions in Operation Iraqi Freedom found statistically lower reports of complaints and illusions. While these reported problems are short-term, questions have been raised regarding potential long-term physiological effects resulting from long-term use of this monocular display. A 10-year longitudinal study, currently underway in the U.K., has been implemented to definitively answer the question of whether long-term exposure produces any degradation in binocular visual function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: We provide a review and analysis of much of the published literature on binocular rivalry that is relevant to the design and use of head-worn displays (HWDs).Background: This review draws heavily from both the basic vision literature and applied HWD literature in order to help provide insight for minimizing the effects of binocular rivalry when HWDs are worn.Method: Included in this review are articles and books found cited in other works as well as articles and books obtained from an Internet search.Results: Issues discussed and summarized are (a) characteristics of binocular rivalry, (b) stimulus factors affecting rivalry, (c) cognitive variables affecting rivalry, and (d) tasks affected by rivalry.Conclusion: This paper offers a set of recommendations for minimizing the effects of binocular rivalry when HWDs are used as well as recommendations for future research.Application: Considerations of the basic vision literature on binocular rivalry will provide insight for future design solutions for HWDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to document typical use and configuration of 1:1 computing in two schools focusing on the added value and unique challenges these uses present. A qualitative case study design was used in two middle schools (sixth, seventh and eighth grade) in the south-eastern United States purposefully selected for their 1:1 computing programmes. Data were collected through formal and informal interviews, direct observations and site documents. Results indicated that online research, productivity tools, drill and practice, and eCommunications were the most frequent uses of computers in the 1:1 classroom. Moreover, the 1:1 classroom provided potentially transformative added value to these uses while simultaneously presenting unique management challenges to the teacher. In addition, the presence of 1:1 laptops did not automatically add value and their high financial costs underscore the need to provide teachers with high-quality professional development to ensure effective teaching. In order to create effective learning environments, teachers need opportunities to learn what instruction and assessment practices, curricular resources and classroom management skills work best in a 1:1 student to networked laptop classroom setting. Finally, researchers documented wide variation in fidelity to 1:1 computing, which suggests the need for further research exploring the conditions under which this variation exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We provide a review and analysis of much of the published literature on visual perception issues that impact the design and use of head-mounted displays (HMDs).Background: Unlike the previous literature on HMDs, this review draws heavily from the basic vision literature in order to help provide insight for future design solutions for HMDs.Method: Included in this review are articles and books found cited in other works as well as articles and books obtained from an Internet search.Results: Issues discussed include the effect of brightness and contrast on depth of field, dark focus, dark vergence, and perceptual constancy; the effect of accommodation-vergence synergy on perceptual constancy, eyestrain, and discomfort; the relationship of field of view to the functioning of different visual pathways and the types of visual-motor tasks mediated by them; the relationship of binocular input to visual suppression; and the importance of head movements, head tracking, and display update lag.Conclusion: This paper offers a set of recommendations for the design and use of HMDs.Application: Consideration of the basic vision literature will provide insight for future design solutions for HMDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We investigated the effectiveness of a tactile torso display as a countermeasure to spatial disorientation (SD) and compared inside-out and outside-in codings.Background: SD is a serious threat to military as well as civilian pilots and aircraft. Considerable effort has been put into SD countermeasures such as training programs and advanced cockpit displays. Tactile displays have been considered a promising technology.Method: Twenty-four participants were assigned to the two coding groups (12 per group and matched for age and gender). We used a rotating chair to build up a state of SD by rotating participants around their yaw axis followed by a sudden stop. During the following recovery phase a random disturbance signal was added to the chair's orientation. Participants actively controlled their orientation and were instructed to maintain a stable orientation.Results: Statistical analyses revealed that recovery from SD was improved with support of the tactile instrument, but tracking performance was reduced. The effects were the same whether the instrument was available full time or during the recovery phase only. There were no differences between outside-in and inside-out coding.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the potential of tactile cockpit instruments in controlling SD, even in the presence of strong but misleading self-motion information from the vestibular sense.Application: Actual or potential applications of this research include spatial disorientation countermeasures for pilots, divers, and astronauts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the release of TD Super-View, a new advanced ultrasonic system by Technology Design in the U.S. TD Super-View has been developed with full control of the data display online and offline. The operator has the flexibility of choice to divide the main display window into up to four display areas. Data from different scan modes can also be viewed simultaneously. In addition, TD Super-View can be reconfigured offline. All A-scan data is stored, therefore different views can be constituted off-line.

This study was designed to determine the efficacy of providing target location information via head-coupled visual and spatial audio displays presented in adaptive and nonadaptive configurations. Twelve United States Air Force pilots performed a simulated flight task in which they were instructed to maintain flight parameters while searching for ground and air targets. The intergration of visual displays with spatial audio kayoing enhanced performance efficiency, especially when targets were most difficult to detect. Several of the interface conditions were also associated with lower ratings of perceived mental workload. The benefits associated with multisensory kayoing were equivalent in both adaptive and nonadaptive configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Change blindness occurs when humans are unable to detect significant changes in objects and scenes after their attention is momentarily diverted. Because change blindness is relevant in many applied settings, the current study investigated the phenomenon in the context of tasks performed by naval command and control system personnel. Operators of such systems are often heavily loaded with concurrent visual search, situation assessment, voice communications, and control-display manipulation tasks at large, physically dispersed tactical situation displays. As the operators' attention shifts from one display to another, it creates an opportunity for changes to occur on unattended screens with potentially negative consequences. Our results show that on a display containing 8 objects of interest, considerable change blindness was demonstrated in that participants required 2 or more selections to correctly identify a changed object on nearly 1/3 of the test trials. Further, operator performance on 15% of the trials was equivalent to randomly guessing with replacement after making 3 incorrect selections. This research underscores the need for developing effective countermeasures to the change blindness phenomenon. Actual or potential uses of this research include interface design of computer workstations for military, nuclear power industry, air traffic control, crisis response center, and hospital emergency room applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic vision information systems (SVIS) are the next generation of cockpit display systems that will become an integral part of the commercial flight deck in the future. The goal of this study was to evaluate SVIS against conventional glass cockpit displays to assess whether or not SVIS can improve pilot performance, situation awareness (SA), and workload. The evaluation was conducted in a fixed-based laboratory flight simulator located in the Operator Performance Laboratory at the University of Iowa. A total of 12 pilot evaluators hand-flew fairly difficult approaches into the Eagle County, Colorado, airport. Specially designed questionnaires were used in various phases of the flights to estimate workload. S.A. and user preference. Information relating to SA was collected using the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique and workload estimates were obtained using the NASA Task Loading Index technique. Eye movement data were collected using a modified IScan ETL 500 system, and analyzed to find a link analysis (an analysis of eye movement transitions between areas of duration of fixations. Flight technical error performance was derived. Analysis results indicate that the SVIS is superior to the conventional displays for the majority of the measures that were obtained in the experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retrofit question concerns whether useful and effective synthetic vision displays are usable in aircraft that have limited-size-day spaces. Two experiments were conducted to examine the efficacy of these displays and develop field-of-view and terrain texture recommendations for design. The first experiment examined issues of field of view and display size using an Asheville, North Carolina, synthetic vision database and fixed-based simulator. The second experiment was conducted on the NASA B-757 aircraft at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport and investigated the efficacy of both head-down and head-up displays and generic and photorealistic terrain texture. Both experiment confirmed the retrofit capability and that all sizes and texturing methods were found to be viable candidates for synthetic vision displays. These results, future directions, and implications for meeting national aeronautic safety and capacity goals are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methodologies for assessing human judgment in complex domains are important for the design of both displays that inform judgment and automated systems that suggest judgments. This paper uses the n-system lens model to evaluate the impact of displays on human judgment and to explicitly assess the similarity between human judgments and a set of potential judgment algorithms for use in automated systems. First, the need for and concepts underlying judgment analysis are outlined. Then the n-system lens model and its parameters are formally described. This model is then used to examine a previously conducted study of aircraft collision detection that had been analyzed using standard analysis of variance methods. Our analysis found the same main effects as did the earlier analysis. However, n-system lens model analysis was able to provide greater insight into the information relied upon for judgments and the impact of displays on judgment. Additionally, the analysis was able to identify attributes of human judgments that were--and were not--similar to judgments produced by automated systems. Potential applications of this research include automated aid design and operator training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports the effect of the display format and interface design on aircraft and military monitoring facilities in the United States. Advantages and disadvantages of implementing three dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) displays; Details on coding aircraft attributes; Comparison between 2D and 3D formats; Assessments on the design of effective displays.

In this study a multiple-view two-dimensional (2D) display was compared with a three-dimensional (3D) monocular display and a 3D stereoscopic display using a simulated telerobotic task. As visual aids, three new types of visual enhancement cues were provided and evaluated for each display type. The results showed that the multiple-view 2D display was superior to the 3D monocular and the 3D stereoscopic display in the absence of the visual enhancement depth cues. When participants were provided with the proposed visual enhancement cues, the stereoscopic and monocular displays became equivalent to the multiple-view 2D display. Actual or potential applications of this study include the design of visual displays for teleoperation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent free flight proposals to relax airspace constraints and give greater autonomy to aircraft have raised concerns about their impact on controller performance. Relaxing route and altitude restrictions would reduce the regularity of traffic through individual sectors, possibly impairing controller situation awareness. We examined the impact of this reduced regularity in four visual search experiments that tested controllers' detection of traffic conflicts in the four conditions created by factorial manipulation of fixed routes (present vs. absent) and altitude restrictions (present vs. absent). These four conditions were tested under varying levels of traffic load and conflict geometry (conflict time and conflict angle). Traffic load and conflict geometry showed strong and consistent effects in all experiments. Color coding altitude also substantially improved detection times. In contrast, removing altitude restrictions had only a small negative impact, and removing route restrictions had virtually no negative impact. In some cases conflict detection was actually better without fixed routes. The implications and limitations of these results for the feasibility of free flight are discussed. Actual or potential applications include providing guidance in the selection of free flight operational concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes a technique in use at Sandia National Laboratories' design centers for remote visualization and collaboration using large-format displays. Essential role of video and data conferencing; Use of equipment to support the real-time and full-frame-rate transfers of images to remote large-format displays.

Presents the authors' Scalable Display Wall project in Princeton University in New Jersey. Key features and specifications of the display system; Early experiences in building and using a display wall system; Methods to design application tools; User interfaces; Content creation and design.

Observed breakdowns in human-machine communication can be explained, in part, by the nature of current automation feedback, which relies heavily on focal visual attention. Such feedback is not well suited for capturing attention in case of unexpected changes and events or for supporting the parallel processing of large amounts of data in complex domains. As suggested by multiple-resource theory, one possible solution to this problem is to distribute information across various sensory modalities. A simulator study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of visual, tactile, and redundant visual and tactile cues for indicating unexpected changes in the status of an automated cockpit system. Both tactile conditions resulted in higher detection rates for, and faster response times to, uncommanded mode transitions. Tactile feedback did not interfere with, nor was its effectiveness affected by, the performance of concurrent visual tasks. The observed improvement in task-sharing performance indicates that the introduction of tactile feedback is a promising avenue toward better supporting human-machine communication in event-driven, information-rich domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two experiments were performed to examine how frame of reference (world-referenced vs. screen-referenced) and target expectancy can modulate the effects of target cuing in directing attention for see-through helmet-mounted displays (HMDs). In the first experiment, the degree of world referencing was varied by the spatial accuracy of the cue; in the second, the degree of world referencing was varied more radically between a world-referenced HMD and a hand-held display. Participants were asked to detect, identify, and give azimuth information for targets hidden in terrain presented in the far domain (i.e., the world) while performing a monitoring task in the near domain (i.e., the display). The results of both experiments revealed a cost-benefit trade-off for cuing such that the presence of cuing aided the target detection task for expected targets but drew attention away from the presence of unexpected targets in the environment. Analyses support the observation that this effect can be mediated by the display: The world-referenced display reduced the cost of cognitive tunneling relative to the screen-referenced display in Experiment 1; this cost was further reduced in Experiment 2 when participants were using a hand-held display. Potential applications of this research include important design guidelines and specifications for automated target recognition systems as well as any terrain-and-targeting display system in which superimposed symbology is included, specifically in assessing the costs and benefits of attentional cuing and the means by which this information is displayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During fiscal year 1980, the Domestic Information Display System will move from its demonstration phase to operational status. This paper discusses some ideas as to how this should be done, in the context of the history of the project and the likely future beyond 1980. As a byproduct. a rationale for the establishment of a government Public Information Network is provided. Whereas most of these ideas have been debated and discussed among the project principals and leadership, and do represent the views of one of the founders of the project, there is little here that is either original or fundamentally important to the project's success. What is important is for the present and future participants to continue their vigorous debate and energetic cooperation towards making lasting improvements to the Federal statistical system [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the shift of cathode ray tube (CRT) to liquid crystal display (LCD) regarding on how the culture perceives the technology in the U.S. Researchers has been using the CRT already as an instrumentation and as the display technology radar. On the other hand, LCD has been applied to calculators and printers, as computers became smaller and more portable. Furthermore, despite their popularity, LCD were inferior to CRT in terms of contrast ratio, color, response time, and viewing angle.

Presents various issues related to information display systems as of January 2002. Details on the COMDEX exhibition in Las Vegas, Nevada; Launch of the PT-50PD3 plasma monitor from the company Panasonic; Release of Proxima projectors from InFocus Corp.

Reports on the United States Air Force's procurement of the virtual retinal display (VRD) technology for a `screenless' approach to video information delivery. Development of the system by Microvision Inc. together with Phantom Works; Contract with the United States Army for its Virtual Cockpit Organization Program and the Aircrew Integrated Helmet System; Development of a helmet-mounted display.

Focuses on the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor's Center for Display Technology and Manufacturing's (DTM) third year of providing services to the flat-panel display industry. Background information on DTM; Access to other development groups; Thrust research and development areas; Information on the center's incubator project.

The article focuses on the Gordon Moore's law which predicts virtuous cycle of integrated circuits (ICs) and the application of liquid-crystal display to photovoltaics in the U.S. According to the law, the number of transistors on a chip can be doubled every 12-18 months, causing lower prices for ICS. Details on the significant role of LCD in the success of businesses in the country are discussed.

Presents schedule of conferences related to the semiconductor industry compiled as of June 2004. Large Screen Displays Conference in San Diego, California; IEEE International Conference on Microelectronics Test Structures in Leuven, Belgium.

Comments on several projection and display systems in the U.S. as of January 2002. Views on large-venue projectors; Elements of image quality; Information on Digital Cinema projectors demonstrated by NEC Corp. at the AFI Film Fest in Los Angeles, California.

Highlights a report by the United States Display Consortium discussing trends in the flat panel display industry (FPD). Projected sales of military and avionics FPD in 2005; Estimated world market for FPD in 1996; Product categories where flat panels could make a difference; Applications of photonics plasma displays.