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As a contrast to Neel's approach to understanding diabetes, Hay turns in his next chapter to the work of Chief Josias Fiddler of the Sandy Lake Nation. Travis Hay has written a passionate indictment of the impact that the science of settler colonialism has had on Canada's First Nations communities. [Extracted from the article]

They show how American and Canadian national claims were given regional names, how in the settler-colonial mind land became separated from Indigenous territorial claims, and, ultimately, how settler-colonial society denoted regional identity while simultaneously conceptualizing the grasslands as a transnational place even as they continued to express national affiliations. The sense of place nurtured since childhood allowed settler-colonials to justify a claim to the grasslands equal to, and often superimposed on, the claims of Indigenous people. [Extracted from the article]

Dale Barbour explores the evolution of swimming in Toronto from the time the city was a pre-railway colonial community of 30,000 souls in 1850 to its expansion into the Dominion of Canada's second largest municipality by 1935, with a population of 850,000. For the purposes of Dale Barbour's book, the commission's development of better leisure and swimming opportunities at Sunnyside in the city's west end is particularly important. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Disability Studies is the property of Canadian Disability Studies Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a multidisciplinary research on the thermodynamic and geophysical effects of crude oil released underneath thin sea ice, and further evaluates the ability of a combined frequency- and time-domain approach toward its detection. To this end, a controlled oil release experiment in an artificially grown sea ice mesocosm was performed during the winter of 2017 at the Sea-Ice Research Environmental Facility located at the University of Manitoba. Ice cores extracted during the evolution of the sea ice prior and post oil injection allowed the investigation of the profile’s properties and the oil distribution. Furthermore, chemical composition and microstructure analysis were performed via a gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and X-ray, respectively. The time-series radar signature of the profile was measured utilizing ground penetration radar at 500 MHz and a C-band scatterometer. For this experiment, it was shown that the retrieval of the oil presence underneath the young sea ice layer was feasible, provided that the measured data were utilized simultaneously in a unified cost function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching & Learning is the property of Society for Teaching & Learning in Higher Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Legislation requires universities to provide reasonable accommodations for students with disabilities to facilitate their access to post-secondary education. In the case of professional programs, educators must think beyond the classroom and consider the implications for clinical practice. The nature of some students' accommodations prompted concerns about the students' ability to meet program expectations. This paper describes the explorations and actions of the University of Manitoba Faculty of Nursing regarding working with undergraduate nursing students with disabilities. The paper includes a summary of literature, strategies adopted to facilitate access to nursing education for students with disabilities, and issues that require further attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper emphasizes the essential role of a support person for faculty teaching and assessing the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB) graduate attributes as part of an ongoing accreditation cycle. It details the continuous program improvement process adopted by the Department of Biosystems Engineering at the University of Manitoba, and the role of engineering stakeholders. It recounts a study that details the supportive efforts of a Research Associate who helped to validate and implement rubrics with individual professors as outcomes-based tools for teaching and assessing the 12 CEAB graduate attributes, which resulted in the creation of 14 rubrics for 12 courses. Findings included new pedagogical understandings, the appreciation of individual support from the Research Associate, and the continued use of rubrics; the work led most professors to think deeply and in new ways about teaching and assessment. There was evidence that six professors engaged in 'reverse design', developing rubrics with targeted learning outcomes and course materials in mind. The work led to critical improvement in teaching practices and evidence of continual program improvement. Despite overall engagement and success, some professors continued to struggle with the concept and use of rubrics. In sum, this experience emphasizes the benefit of a dedicated person to support professors to implement rubrics, and in creating and sustaining an outcomes-based assessment culture in the department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PhD degree was established in Berlin 200 years ago and has since spread across the whole world. While there is general agreement that the degree is awarded in recognition of successfully completed research training, there have been significant differences in the way doctoral training programs have developed in particular countries. There is, however, a clear global tendency to follow the programs currently used either in the United States or in Europe. To determine more clearly how US and European PhD programs are both similar and different, we have used a validated questionnaire to analyze biomedical PhD programs in four representative institutions at Vanderbilt University, University of Manitoba, Karolinska Institutet, and Graz Medical University. The analysis is based on 63 detailed questions concerning the research environment, outcomes, admission criteria, content of programs, mentoring (or supervising), the PhD thesis, assessment of the thesis, and PhD school structure. The results reveal that while there is considerable overlap in the aims and content of PhD programs, there are also considerable differences regarding the structure of PhD programs, mentoring and assessment of PhD theses. These differences are analyzed in detail in order to provide a foundation for discussion of their relative advantages and disadvantages, with a view to providing a platform for discussion of best practices. The results will be of importance in the continued development of global discussion about development of doctoral training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alberta Journal of Educational Research is the property of Alberta Journal of Educational Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A consideration of the site-specific spatial experience created by urban trees and their cultural dimensions can enrich climate adaptive tree planting strategies in Winnipeg, a city of 850,000 in the central prairies of Canada. The paper begins with an introduction to traditional urban tree planting types and analyses the range of tree planting techniques that currently define public spaces in Winnipeg. A review of the recently published Urban Forest Strategy for Winnipeg highlights current strengths and challenges to climate change related tree planting in the city. Urban tree planting strategies and practices demonstrate a focus on quantifiable goals such as canopy coverage, number of trees planted or ecosystem services, with little reference to how trees define places. However, cities are constituted by the visible forest -the form and patterns of how trees are planted and the spaces they create. They are also shaped by the invisible forest , the diverse ways in which trees evoke different functions, values, and modes of occupation to different people at different times. Two basic approaches to urban tree planting will enrich climate-related tree planting initiatives by synthesizing the visible and invisible dimensions of the urban forest: Prioritizing the collective planting of trees as opposed to the single specimen and acknowledging the cultural dimensions of trees. Two design propositions from students at University of Manitoba demonstrate how trees can articulate the diverse ways people interact with trees through their spatial configuration and planting techniques. One draws upon tree types that acknowledge local agricultural tree planting strategies and the second responds to historical and contemporary Indigenous relationships to riparian trees. Acknowledging the planting of trees as a complex interplay between spatial, ecological, and cultural specificity allows for the communication of new values for the design and stewardship of urban trees and the provision of shade in a climate adaptive city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD, Streptococcus pneumoniae) has been a nationally notifiable disease in Canada since 2000. The use of conjugate vaccines has caused a shift in the distribution of serotypes over time. This report is a summary of the demographics, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of IPD isolates collected in Canada in 2021 and 2022. Methods: The National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) of the Public Health Agency of Canada in Winnipeg, Manitoba collaborates with provincial and territorial public health laboratories to conduct national surveillance of IPD. There were 1,999 isolates reported in 2021 and 3,775 isolates in 2022. Serotype was determined by the Quellung reaction or whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by WGS methods, broth microdilution, or data shared by collaborators in the Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance program at the University of Manitoba. Population-based IPD incidence rates were obtained through the Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. Results: The incidence of IPD in Canada was 5.62 cases per 100,000 population in 2021, decreasing from the peak of 10.86 cases per 100,000 population in 2018. Serotypes with increasing trends (p<0.05) between 2018 and 2022 included: 4 (6.1%–12.4%), 9V (1.0%–5.1%) and 12F (4.8%–5.4%). The overall prevalence of PCV13 serotypes increased over the same period (31.2%−41.5%, p<0.05) while the prevalence of non-vaccine types decreased significantly (27.3%–21.5%, p<0.0001). The highest rates of antimicrobial resistance in 2021 and 2022 were seen with clarithromycin (21%, 2021; 24%, 2022) and erythromycin (22%, 2021; 24%, 2022). Multidrug-resistant IPD continued to increase from 2018 to 2022 (6.7%–12.6%, p<0.05). Conclusion: The number of cases of IPD continued to decrease in 2021 in comparison to previous years, however, 2022 saw a return to pre-COVID-19 levels. Disease due to PCV13 serotypes 3, 4, 9V and 19F, as well as non-PCV13 serotypes 12F and 20, is increasing in prevalence. Surveillance of IPD to monitor changing serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the University of Manitoba, Canada a team comprised of four faculty members from the Faculty of Education, an Indigenous Education Consultant, and a graduate student embarked on a change initiative entitled: Indigenizing Curriculum, Pedagogy and Spaces in Teacher Education. In the spirit of reconciliation, the initiative involved collaborating with Indigenous stakeholders and knowledge-keepers in determining educational priorities and structures for teacher education in an Indigenous Community-Based Cohort in inclusive/special education, and in the area of inclusive/special education more broadly. The initiative sought to challenge existing norms within the academy that were maintaining institutional power and control over teacher education. In addition to building collaborative partnerships with Indigenous stakeholders, the change initiative involved conjointly deconstructing curricula and pedagogy, and infusing Indigenous content, perspectives, and worldviews. Special education is a logical place to begin this process because of the systemic structures and practices within this paradigm that employ deficit-based views of diversity. Based on Eurocentric standards of teaching and learning, special education has been particularly detrimental to Indigenous students, as it has been used to diagnose and label difference as disability, and disproportionately segregate Indigenous students in special education classrooms and programs. The authors of this paper describe this change initiative and provide recommendations for decolonizing the academy and teacher education, with a focus on inclusive/special education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk of oil spills in the Arctic is growing rapidly as anthropogenic activities increase due to climate-driven sea ice loss. Detecting and monitoring fuel spills in the marine environment is imperative for enacting an efficient response to mitigate the risk. Microwave radar systems can be used to address this issue; therefore, we examined the potential of C-band polarimetric radar for detecting diesel fuel in freezing seawater under windy environmental conditions. We present results from a mesocosm experiment, where we introduced diesel fuel to a seawater-filled cylindrical tub at the Sea-ice Environmental Research Facility (SERF), University of Manitoba. We characterized the temporal evolution of the diesel-contaminated seawater and sea ice by monitoring the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) and polarimetric parameters (i.e., copolarization ratio (Rco), cross-polarization ratio (Rxo), entropy (H), mean-alpha (α), conformity coefficient (μ), and copolarization correlation coefficient (ρco)) at 20° and 25° incidence angles. Three stages were identified, with notably different NRCS and polarimetric results, related to the thermophysical conditions. The transition from calm conditions to windy conditions was detected by the 25° incidence angle, whereas the transition from open water to sea ice was more apparent at 20°. The polarimetric analysis demonstrated that the conformity coefficient can have distinctive sensitivities to the presence of wind and sea ice at different incidence angles. The H versus α scatterplot showed that the range of distribution is dependent upon wind speed, incidence angle, and oil product. The findings of this study can be used to further improve the capability of existing and future C-band dual-polarization radar satellites or drone systems to detect and monitor potential diesel spills in the Arctic, particularly during the freeze-up season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Women at War Exhibition at the University of Manitoba is a powerful and thought-provoking experience that immerses visitors in the pain of war and occupation. The exhibition focuses on the gendered experiences of Russia's war and occupation of Ukraine since 2014, as well as the broader journey and evolution of feminism in post-independence Ukraine. It sheds light on Russia's colonial ambitions in Ukraine and explores themes such as language as a tool of oppression, gender-based violence, and the experiences of civilians during war. The exhibition offers a multifaceted experience, including curated talks, film screenings, and academic discussions. [Extracted from the article]

We document community responses to the COVID-19 pandemic among Inuit living in the province of Manitoba, Canada. This study was conducted by the Manitoba Inuit Association and a Council of Inuit Elders, in partnership with researchers from the University of Manitoba. We present findings from 12 health services providers and decision-makers, collected in 2021.Although Public Health orders led to the closure of the Manitoba Inuit Association's doors to community events and drop-in activities, it also created opportunities for the creation of programming and events delivered virtually and through outreach. The pandemic exacerbated pre-existing health and social system's shortcomings (limited access to safe housing, food insecurity) and trauma-related tensions within the community. The Manitoba Inuit Association achieved unprecedented visibility with the provincial government, receiving bi-weekly reports of COVID-19 testing, results and vaccination rates for Inuit. We conclude that after over a decade of advocacy received with at best tepid enthusiasm by federal and provincial governments, the Manitoba Inuit Association was able effectively advocate for Inuit-centric programming, and respond to Inuit community's needs, bringing visibility to a community that had until then been largely invisible. Still, many programs have been fueled with COVID-19 funding, raising the issue of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineers have proposed the idea that there may be some arching action present in bridge deck cantilever overhangs stiffened along their longitudinal free edge through a traffic barrier, subjected to a wheel load. This paper includes the details of a full-scale corrosion-free bridge deck with cantilever overhangs stiffened along their longitudinal free edge by a traffic barrier wall that has been constructed and tested under static and fatigue wheel loads at the University of Manitoba. It also reviews experimental test results and postulates various discussions that suggest the presence of arching action in cantilever slab overhangs. The test results indicated static ultimate load capacities significantly greater than the ultimate capacity if the mode of failure and behavior of the cantilever overhang was completely flexural. These early results confirm and indicate the presence of arching action resulting in a significant breakthrough in cantilever behavior when subjected to a wheel load. The theory to account for this arching action is not yet developed, and further research should be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remix or bricolage is recognized as a primary mode of knowledge creation in contemporary digital culture. Archival arrangement represents a form of bricolage that archivists have been practicing for years. By organizing records according to provenance, archivists engage in knowledge creation. Archival theory holds that records are created as an output from social and bureaucratic processes. Archival description, then, could serve as a form of archival record, bearing evidence of the processes of archival arrangement. Current participatory and community-based approaches to archival description urgently require an evidential record of their processes of community consultation and professional mediation. This paper examines two Canadian community-based, participatory archival projects. Project Naming, at Library and Archives Canada, draws upon Inuit community contributions to augment the often sparse and sometimes offensive descriptions of historic photos of arctic peoples. The Sex Work Database at the University of Manitoba, works with sex work activists to create and apply a tagging folksonomy to a collection of websites, organizational records and news media. Analysis of these diverse, community-based projects reveals how current approaches to description make it difficult to distinguish between professional and community contributions to arrangement and description, and proposes ways to make such contributions more apparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines salaries at the University of Manitoba to determine whether a 1994 remedy, paid in response to a 1993 salary study that demonstrated a gap between the salaries of males and females, has eliminated these differences. We use 1993 and 2003 data to approximate the earlier analysis, and apply a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition to examine the evolution in the wage gap between time periods. Our results indicate that the gap remains largely unchanged in magnitude, but its determinants have shifted somewhat. Women's overrepresentation at lower-paying ranks and underrepresentation at the highest-paying ranks, as well as differences in highest degree and experience explain much of the wage gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the results of survey data examining English-speaking preservice teachers' (PSTs) attitudes toward and beliefs about foreign language teaching and learning. Part of a larger international study aimed at answering the research question: 'What are the national, social, economic, and institutional "social-suggestive norms" (Miele, 1982) that encourage (or discourage) foreign language learning?', this survey was administered to PSTs enrolled in the Faculty of Education at the University of Manitoba. The data presented here raise interesting questions about PSTs' attitudes with regard to their futures in multicultural, multilingual classrooms. Findings suggest that this group of PSTs believe that knowing English is sufficient for themselves and their students, and therefore that foreign language learning is not considered important. While English-speaking PSTs respect bilinguals, they do not seem to respect language study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems using beam selection is investigated in this paper. Based on the results of a channel sounding campaign carried out at the University of Manitoba for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios, it was possible to contrast the results of transmitter, receiver and joint beam selection in rich scattering environments. The channel was characterized in the 1-2.4 GHz frequency band with a multipath delay resolution better than 5.8 ns. The beam selection was performed by exhaustive search method. The results led us to important conclusions regarding the beam selection procedure and its potential to improve the indoor channel capacity. In LOS, the single input single output (SISO) system that favours the maximum power direction of arrival (DOA) maximizes the capacity. Capacity improvements are observed by increasing the number of receiver beams (RBs) only at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for omnidirectional transmission. The best performance in transmitter beam selection in LOS is observed by increasing the number of transmitter beams (TBs) for high SNRs. In the case of NLOS, the capacity performance is improved when more than a single beam is used in either, transmitter or receiver side. The joint transmitter-receiver beam selection exhibits best capacity performance only for large SNRs in LOS while the SISO systems outperforms any joint beam selection alternative for low SNRs. In contrast, in NLOS environments, the use of joint beam selection shows a constant capacity performance improvement starting from lower SNR than in the LOS case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Potassium regulation in the body is primarily done in the kidney. In addition to this, hyperkalemia, occurs in approximately 10% of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with elevated all-cause mortality. Individuals with CKD are often told to restrict dietary potassium (K), however, this recommendation is based on low quality evidence. Reduced quality of life, limited dietary choices and nutritional deficiencies are all potential negative outcomes that may occur when restricting dietary K in CKD patients. There is a need for randomized controlled trials investigating the impact of dietary K modification on serum K concentrations in people with CKD. Methods: A randomized 2-period crossover design comparing a liberalized K fruit and vegetable diet where participants will be required to consume ~ 3500 mg of dietary K daily, to a standard K restricted diet where participants will be required to consume < 2000 mg of dietary K daily. All participants will begin on a liberalized K run-in period for 2 weeks where they will receive fruit and vegetables home deliveries and for safety will have clinical chemistry, including serum potassium measurements taken after 1 week. Participants will then be randomized into either liberalized K or standard K diet for six weeks and then crossover to the other intervention for another 6 weeks after a 2-week washout period. Discussion: 30 male and female CKD outpatients, ≥ 18 years of age, who have an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 15 and 45 ml/min/1.73m2 and serum K between 4.5 and 5.5 mEq/L. This design would have greater than 80% power to detect a difference of 0.35 mEq/L serum K between groups. Anthropometric measurements, clinical chemistry, dietary recalls, physical function assessments, as well as a quality of life assessments will also be measured in this trial. These findings will provide high quality evidence for, or against, recommendations for dietary K restriction in individuals living with CKD. The removal of K restriction could provide individuals living with CKD more dietary choice leading to improved dietary status and quality of life. Trial Registration: This trial has received approval from the University of Manitoba Research Ethics board (HS25191 (B2021:104)). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of fiber-reinforced composite materials for the construction and rehabilitation of civil engineering structures is relatively new. Structural members are routinely joined by bolted connections. Bolted connections are relatively easy to assemble and maintain, and are capable of transferring the high loads that typically occur in civil engineering structures. Currently there is a serious lack of knowledge on the behavior and design of bolted connections for fiber-reinforced composites. In light of this, a comprehensive experimental and analytical investigation was conducted at the University of Manitoba to study the behavior of bolted connections in composite materials appropriate for civil engineering applications. A total of 102 single-bolt connections were tested up to failure. The various parameters investigated were the width of the structural member, the edge distance, the thickness, and the direction of the fibers with respect to the applied load. The experimental program also included comprehensive material testing to determine the various in-plane material properties. This paper discusses the experimental program, test results, and various modes of failure as affected by the foregoing parameters. From the test results an analytical model and design procedure were developed as proposed in a companion paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Higher Education is the property of Canadian Society for the Study of Higher Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the great philosopher of seeing, John Berger who suffered from cataracts. Topics include examines that his book Cataract charts his elation with being able to gradually see clearly and in full color after his operations and his straightforward but beautifully crafted words revel in the simple joy of being able to accept the light and sight of nature into the eye and the happiness it brings to the human condition.

Canadian universities have played an important role in the founding and development of archaeological programs in lower Central America, especially with regard to the geocultural interface that exists at the southern periphery of Mesoamerica. These developments range from the establishment of basic culture history to more nuanced theoretical inquiries, particularly relating to concepts of social identity and ethnic affiliation. This paper presents a brief overview of the major contributions made by Canadian institutions and their affiliated researchers, with a focus on significant pioneering advances achieved in northeast Honduras, El Salvador, and Pacific Nicaragua. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An extensive research project is currently being carried out at the University of Manitoba, Canada, involving the development of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) wind turbine towers. The towers consist of multi-cell segments, each segment constructed from eight filament wound cells jointed together with resin applied over their interface. The present paper mainly addresses the static and dynamic characteristics, such as failure static loads, modes of failure, fundamental frequencies and periods of such segmented composite towers. Both experimental and numerical results are presented. The experimental investigation involved the testing of two jointed scaled towers. These specimens had a total height of 4.88-m (16-ft) and were tested as cantilevers under static and dynamic loading. The testing was conducted at the W.R. McQuade Structural Engineering Laboratory of the University of Manitoba. Finally, finite element models were developed to analyze the structural behavior, static and dynamic, of single and multi-cell composite segments and towers. The results from the finite element models under static loading were validated through comparison with the experimental results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper describes the emergence of a formal partnership between Manitoba First Nations and researchers in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the University of Manitoba. This partnership reflects two decades of a working relationship in Manitoba involving university researchers and First Nations communities, as well as new and innovative approaches to developing organizations, training initiatives and projects that strengthen First Nations principles of governance. The emerging trust that has developed between the Manitoba First Nations and the University has made it possible to extend this partnership into building further research capacity and evidence-based decision-making among First Nations. Discussions between the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs and the Northern Health Research Unit resulted in the development of a Manitoba First Nations Centre for Aboriginal Health Research. Its mission is to initiate, coordinate and support research activities designed to assist First Nations and Aboriginal communities and organizations in their efforts to promote healing, wellness and improved health services in their communities. Much of the health research described in this journal was facilitated through this partnership, which demonstrated the value of partnerships and new funding opportunities to better address the health information needs of First Nations communities, particularly at a time when Aboriginal communities were highly skeptical of the value of academic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three highway bridges in the Canadian province of Manitoba are being monitored continuously not only for their long-term performance but also for bridge weighing-in-motion (BWIM). Data collected for the BWIM study has led to some observations that have far-reaching consequences about the design and evaluation loads for highway bridges. This paper presents the well-known concept of equivalent base length, [B.sub.m], as a useful tool for comparing trucks with different axle weight and spacing configurations as they influence load effects in all bridges. It is discussed that the statistics of gross vehicle weights (GVWs), W, collected over a one-month period is not significantly different from that for the GVW data collected over a longer period. A rational method concludes that the value of W for the CL-W Truck, the design live load specified by the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, is 555 kN for Manitoba. The observed truck data in Manitoba presented on the W-[B.sub.m] space is found to be similar to that collected in the Canadian province of Ontario more than four decades ago. It was also found that the multi-presence factors, accounting for the presence of side-by-side trucks in two-lane bridges, specified in North American bridge design and evaluation codes are somewhat conservative. Key words: bridge weighing-in-motion (BWIM), design load, average daily truck traffic, distribution factors. Trois ponts routiers de la province canadienne du Manitoba font l'objet d'une surveillance continue non seulement pour leur rendement a long terme, mais aussi pour la pesee en marche par pont instrumente. Les donnees recueillies dans le cadre de l'etude de la pesee en marche par pont instrumente ont mene a certaines observations qui ont des consequences considerables sur la conception et l'evaluation des charges des ponts routiers. Cet article presente le concept bien connu de longueur de base equivalente, [B.sub.m], comme un outil utile pour comparer les camions dont le poids et l'espacement par essieu different, car ils influent sur les effets de charge sur tous les ponts. On discute du fait que les statistiques sur les poids nominaux bruts des vehicules (PNBV), W, recueillies sur une periode d'un mois, ne different pas significativement de celles des PNBV recueillies sur une periode plus longue. Une methode rationnelle permet de conclure que la valeur de W pour le camion CL-W, la charge utile nominale specifiee par le Code canadien de conception des ponts routiers, est de 555 kN pour le Manitoba. Les donnees observees par rapport aux camions au Manitoba presentees sur l'espace W-[B.sub.m] sont semblables a celles recueillies dans la province canadienne de l'Ontario il y a plus de quatre decennies. Il a egalement ete constate que les facteurs de multiple presence, qui expliquent la presence de camions cote a cote sur les ponts a deux voies, precises dans les codes nord-americains de conception et d'evaluation des ponts, sont plutot prudents. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : pesage en marche par pont instrumente, charge de conception, trafic quotidien moyen de camions, facteurs de distribution., Introduction Three highway bridges in Manitoba, Canada, have been instrumented for studying their long-term behaviour as well as for bridge weighing-in-motion (BWIM). All three bridges comprise steel girders and composite [...]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Pathology is the property of Canadian Association of Pathologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Decommissioning and closure of Canada's Underground Research Laboratory (URL) involved installing a full-scale 5 m diameter by 12 m long seal in the main access shaft. The seal consisted of clay and concrete components spanning a major water-bearing fracture zone (FZ2) located at a depth of around 275 m that isolates two hydrogeochemical regimes. This paper presents results of coupled hydromechanical (H-M) numerical modelling that simulated measured performance of the seal. Parameters for the H-M modeling were determined from previously measured laboratory test data. Results from the modeling were compared with field data for water uptake and total pressures in the system. They show that hydration of the clay seal was dominated by the groundwater flow from FZ2. The simulations showed good agreement with field readings and provide an improved understanding of various interrelated physical processes that take place during hydration. Key words: shaft seal, hydromechanical (H-M) performance, swelling pressure, soil suction, soil water retention curve. La desaffectation et la fermeture du laboratoire souterrain de recherche (LRS) du Canada impliquaient l'installation d'un scellement a pleine echelle de 5 m de diametre sur 12 m de long dans le puits d'acces principal. Le scellement consistait en des composants d'argile et de beton couvrant une zone de fracture aquifere majeure (FZ2) situee a une profondeur de 275 m qui isole deux regimes hydrogeochimiques. Cet article presente les resultats d'une modelisation numerique couplee hydro-mecanique (H-M) qui simule les performances mesurees du scellement. Les parametres pour la modelisation H-M ont ete determines a partir de donnees prealablement mesurees lors d'essais de laboratoire. Les resultats de la modelisation ont ete compares aux donnees de terrain pour l'absorption d'eau et les pressions totales dans le systeme. Ils montrent que l'hydratation du scellement d'argile etait dominee par le flux d'eau souterraine provenant de FZ2. Les simulations ont montre une bonne concordance avec les lectures sur le terrain et ont permis de mieux comprendre les differents processus physiques interdepen-dants qui se produisent pendant l'hydratation. Mots-cles : scellement de puits, performance hydromecanique (H-M), pression de gonflement, succion du sol, courbe de retention d'eau., 1. Introduction During closure of the Underground Research Laboratory (URL) in south-eastern Manitoba, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) constructed a composite concrete-clay-concrete seal in the main access shaft to [...]

While studies of gambling attitudes continue to grow among national adult populations and adolescents, no study to date has explored attitudes towards gambling among young adults (adults 18–25 years of age). We address this gap by exploring gambling attitudes using the Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale (ATGS) among a sample of 1,254 Canadian young adults from the University of Manitoba (n = 399 males, 32%). Results indicate that young adults are comparable to both adolescent and mature adults with respect to attitudes towards gambling, holding slightly negative feelings towards it as an activity, but feel individuals should retain the right to gamble despite personal risk. Regression analyses show that gambling, family/peer approval of gambling, and injunctive drinking norms of family and friends are the strongest predictors of favourable attitudes towards gambling. Given the strong roles of approval of gambling and drinking in young adults' social environments, we recommend that research needs to more robustly address the normalization of multiple problem behaviours (drug use, deviance, etc.) among family and friends. We further recommend that therapeutic interventions be geared towards establishing new norms for young adults, for which group settings addressing multiple problem behaviours are especially helpful and cost-effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic archivists can be agents for change by supporting and assuming the moral roles that their institutions play. The University of Manitoba Archives and Special Collections in Winnipeg, Canada, helped the University win the bid to host the records of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission on Indian Residential Schools and create the National Centre For Truth and Reconciliation. Working closely with indigenous colleagues and listening to hours of public testimonies from survivors led the Archives to absorb many lessons learned from the experience. The Archives then integrated many of these lessons into a wide variety of daily archival activities, including acquisition, description, reference, outreach and access. While this is only the beginning of decolonizing the Archives, this sincere attempt at reconciliation has wider implications for others who are seeking to create a deeper and more authentic record of society. Consultation with community members whose records the Archives collects is key, as is encouraging those members to participate in creating the final record. What archivists learn from the experience can be widely applied. To integrate teachings from others, one needs patience, respect, goodwill and an open heart. Ultimately, the archival record is bigger than any archivist or archivists can be responsible for. We must enlist others to help us bear the yoke of archival responsibility; the resulting societal record will be all the better for it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On August 10, 2015, the Eckhardt-Gramatté Music Library closed the doors of the space it had occupied at 65 Dafoe Rd at the University of Manitoba since it opened in 1965, and prepared to move to its new home down the street in the Taché Arts Complex, 136 Dafoe Rd. The move itself took three days, and was the culmination of eight years of planning, design, and preparation. The Library re-opened in its new home approximately one month later, on September 26, 2015. The new space is 2.5 times larger than the old, has nearly three times the number of student study seats, and every shelf has room for growth. This article documents a brief history of the Library, and chronicles the move to the new location from the announcement in 2008, through the space planning, design, and construction phases, to moving day and beyond. At the end of the article is an overview of lessons learned and a recommended reading list for anyone lucky enough to enter into a new library building project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Digital Archives and Marginalized Communities Project (DAMC), at the University of Manitoba, is an interdisciplinary collaboration to design and develop three separate but related digital archives using a participatory archiving approach with stakeholder community groups. Working titles for these collections are the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women Database (MMIWD), the Sex Work Database (SWD), and the Post-Apology Residential School Database (PARSD). This article discusses research and development from the project's inception in 2012 through the end of 2014, reflecting on the practical and theoretical considerations that arise for researchers and practitioners in the information science professions as a result of engaging with anticolonial and antiviolence feminist methodologies. These methodological perspectives place the experiences and knowledge of Indigenous and sex worker communities at the center of decolonizing processes, foregrounding the need for archival processes that not only captures but also uses these knowledge(s) as the organizational scafolding upon which to build socially just and representative archives for specific marginalized communities. Using examples drawn from all three archives, this article demonstrates how the goals, intentions, and knowledges of marginalized communities might be built into digital archives projects through a participatory archiving approach. This discussion is followed by an examination of how fostering and maintaining respectful relationships between all members involved with DAMC collaborations is fundamentally connected to both participatory archiving processes and broader social justice objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which examines the impact of vehicle steering task automation (VSTA) and implement control and monitoring task automation (ICMTA) on the performance of agricultural vehicle drivers. The tests were performed using the tractor driving simulation (TDS) from the University of Manitoba. Findings show the significant contribution of automation to the decline of drivers' reaction time and number of errors.

Copyright of Qualitative Research in Education (2014-6418) is the property of Qualitative Research in Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An experimental program was conducted at the University of Manitoba to test salvaged timber stringers posttensioned with external carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars or steel guy cables. A total of 22 creosote-treated Douglas-fir beams with dimensions of were tested in three-point bending. Six beams out of the 22 were control beams without any reinforcement. The remaining 16 beams were posttensioned using different reinforcement configurations. Four beams were posttensioned with draped CFRP tendons (Group CD), four beams were posttensioned with straight CFRP tendons (Group C), four beams were posttensioned with draped steel cable (Group SD), and four beams were posttensioned with straight steel cable (Group S). The experimental results found that the strength and the stiffness for Group CD were increased on average by 70% and 10%, respectively, while the strength for Group C was increased on average by 56% and showed no significant increase in stiffness. In contrast, the strength and the stiffness for Group SD were increased on average by 45% and 4%, respectively, while the strength for Group S was increased on average by 49% and showed no significant increase in stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses student life of Samuel Freedman, former Chief Justice of the Province of Manitoba, who studied at the University of Manitoba. Topics discussed include the decision of three eldest siblings to leave their school to assist with the financial situation at home, graduating with an Isbister Scholarship to get into the University of Manitoba, and his involvement in the Menorah Society, the forerunner of the Hillel movement.

In the 1950s, sensory deprivation research emerged as an influential new field for behavioral science researchers, supported by the intelligence community. Within a few years, deprivation research had become ubiquitous; images of sensory deprivation were invoked to explain a wide range of phenomena, from religious revelations to the very structure of psychoanalysis. Yet within a decade and a half, this field of research became implicated in cases of torture and abuse. This article examines the history of University of Manitoba psychologist John Zubek, who remained one of the final researchers still conducting sensory deprivation research in the 1970s. It raises questions on how might it be possible to successfully and cautiously perform controversial research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of appropriate communication skills by healthcare providers is central to providing quality patient-centred care. Patients can provide valuable feedback to practitioners about their clinical communication. However, in oral health care, their involvement is uncommon and instruments specific for communication in oral health care have not been available. Recently, two complementary instruments have been developed by the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba for evaluating student-clinicians' clinical communication: one for patient evaluation and one for student self-evaluation. The aim of the current study was to provide validity evidence for the scores related to the internal structure of the revised 2007 versions of these instruments in two dental clinical/education contexts, namely the Universities of Manitoba, Canada ( UM) and Adelaide, Australia ( UA). The proposed factor structure and loadings, and their stability across contexts were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, and the adequacy of the internal consistency reliability of the scores was analysed using Cronbach's alpha. The factor structure of the current 2007 versions of the patient and student instruments, derived from the previously developed longer versions of these instruments, was confirmed and was consistent across the two clinical/educational contexts. A model of partial invariance provided the best fit for these data due to variations in the magnitude of the factor loadings between sites. The internal consistency reliability of scores was high with a range of 0.88-0.97. In conclusion, the current study provides preliminary evidence regarding the validity of the scores of the current 2007 instruments, in terms of the internal structure, as measuring the five factors well. Replication of the factor structure of these instrument scores with more participants at both UA and other institutions is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parking lots are incorporated into the essential infrastructure in many building projects. An infrastructure is typically, almost by its very nature, functional; thus, the development of parking lots follows rational and economic principles. However, parking spaces are more than just places to store vehicles, they are also spaces that facilitate arrival and departure--they bid welcome and farewell. Designed as an attractive entrance or reception area, parking lots can serve as a link between buildings and the adjacent landscape or urban setting. Groundbreaking case studies, which were designed by landscape architects rather than engineers, show that aesthetic interests and functional requirements are not a contradiction in terms. The discussion of sustainability also incorporates ecological thinking into these types of infrastructure projects. Alternative solutions that provide the benefits of water management, vegetation, shade pattern, or the reuse of materials are well known in Europe. Alternative construction methods, which can be applied in northern climates, have been tested at the University of Manitoba since 2010. Contrary to the dominant methods of surface consolidation (asphalt, concrete), alternative techniques, which allow infiltration of precipitation, are also being explored. Consequently, this design approach contributes to passive flood prevention, reduces pressure on stormwater sewers, and minimizes the enrichment of groundwater. The mostly green appearance of alternative surfaces is also a visual statement that will raise environmental awareness of this innovative approach. Based on comprehensive research, the goal of the research project is to develop successful construction methods and to market alternative ways to construct arenas for parking and more. The integration of experiential, ecological, and functional aspects of parking one's vehicle converts an everyday space into an ecological and aesthetic adventure. Well-designed parking spaces will entangle individuals into an ecological narrative, which could end up being as exciting as a love story. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What happens when a librarian is given an iPhone and told to be creative? The author is part of a pilot project at the University of Manitoba where reference librarians were given a smartphone and told to make interesting projects. In the summer of 2010 she created the University of Manitoba Public Art Project, focusing primarily on the university's outdoor sculpture. The project, through a convergence of media including Google Earth, Flickr, blogging, and QR (quick response) codes, has not only created a virtual art gallery accessible through a smartphone, but it also involved augmented reality (AR) with Foursquare and Wikitude. A case study of the project is preceded by a brief description of QR codes and AR and their use in the arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES:We aimed to determine if use of 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASA) was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).METHODS:We used the population-based University of Manitoba IBD Epidemiology Database that tracks all health-care visits from 1984 to 2008 of all Manitobans with IBD and all prescription medication use since 1995. In 2008, there were 8,744 subjects with IBD (ulcerative colitis 4,325, Crohn's disease 4,419, females 4,851, males 3,893). In study I, we assessed the incidence of CRC among 5-ASA users (≥1 year, ≥5 years of cumulative use) compared with nonusers. In study II, we assessed a cohort of those with CRC (n=101) diagnosed in 1995-2008, matched to a control cohort by age, sex, disease duration, and disease diagnosis without CRC (n=303), and logistic analysis was undertaken.RESULTS:For study I, the hazard ratio for CRC among 5-ASA users was 1.04 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-1.62, P=0.87) at ≥1 year of use and 2.01 (95% CI 1.04-3.9, P=0.038) at ≥5 years of use with no difference when assessing by diagnosis. Males, but not females, using 5-ASA for ≥5 years had an increased risk of CRC. In study II, CRC cases had similar use of any 5-ASA compared with controls for ≥1 year of use (1.02, 95% CI 0.60-1.74) or ≥5 years (1.96, 95% CI 0.84-4.55), and a similar mean number of 5-ASA prescriptions at 10 vs. 11 (P=0.8) and a similar mean number of dose days at 330 vs. 410 (P=0.69).CONCLUSIONS:Our results support the majority of studies to date that 5-ASA is not chemoprophylactic in IBD for CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Migration & Integration is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVES:There is anecdotal evidence that isotretinoin use is associated with development of colitis. We aimed at determining whether there is an association between isotretinoin use and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).METHODS:The population-based University of Manitoba IBD Epidemiology Database and a control group matched by age, sex, and geographical residence were linked to the provincial prescription drug registry, a registry that was initiated in 1995. The number of users and duration of isotretinoin use were identified in both IBD cases and controls.RESULTS:We found that 1.2% of IBD cases used isotretinoin before IBD diagnosis, which was statistically similar to controls (1.1% users). This was also similar to the number of IBD patients who used isotretinoin after a diagnosis of IBD (1.1%). There was no difference between isotretinoin use before Crohn's disease compared with its use before ulcerative colitis.CONCLUSIONS:Patients with IBD were no more likely to have used isotretinoin before diagnosis than were sex-, age-, and geography-matched controls. Although there may be anecdotes of isotretinoin causing acute colitis, our data suggest that isotretinoin is not likely to cause chronic IBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES:We aimed to assess breastfeeding practices and the impact of breastfeeding on disease flare during the postpartum year in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).METHODS:Women of childbearing age from 1985 to 2005 were identified from the University of Manitoba IBD Research Registry. Questionnaires were completed regarding pregnancy and the postpartum period. Data for initiation and duration of breastfeeding were compared with population-based regional data.RESULTS:Of 204 eligible women, 132 (64.7%) responded to the survey, yielding information on 156 births. Breastfeeding was initiated in 83.3% of women with IBD (n=132), 81.9% of Crohn's disease patients (CD, n=90), and 84.2% of ulcerative colitis patients (UC, n=39) vs. 77.1 % in the general population (P>0.05 for all). Of women with IBD, 56.1% breastfed for >24 weeks vs. 44.4% of controls (P=0.02). The rate of disease flare in the postpartum year was 26% for those who breastfed vs. 29.4% in those who did not (P=0.76) in CD and 29.2% vs. 44.4% (P=0.44) in UC. The odds ratio of disease flare postpartum for those who breastfed vs. those who did not was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.24–1.43), 0.84 (0.19–9.87), and 0.51 (0.12–2.2) for IBD total, CD, and UC, respectively. Risk of disease flare was not related to age at pregnancy, duration of disease, or socioeconomic status.CONCLUSIONS:Women with IBD are as likely as the general population to breastfeed their infants. Breastfeeding is not associated with an increased risk of disease flare and may even provide a protective effect against disease flare in the postpartum year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]