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Current advances in technology have enabled the development of a computer-based questionnaire that provides advantages over the paper-based mode of administration, such as automatic data entry, storage and calculations. However, before implementing a computer-based questionnaire, its equivalence with the original paper-based questionnaire must first be demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurement equivalence of the computerized Diabetes- Specific Quality-of- Life questionnaire ( cD- QOL) with its original paper-based counterpart. A two-period crossover design was used in this study. The measurement equivalence was evaluated using quadratic weighted kappa coefficients, intraclass correlations and Cronbach's alpha comparisons. The cD- QOL was equivalent to its original paper-based counterpart. Participants preferred the cD- QOL over the paper-based questionnaire and reported that it was easy to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Exposure of adults to secondhand smoke (SHS) has immediate adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and causes coronary heart disease. The current study evaluated brief self-report screening measures for accurately identifying adult cardiology patients with clinically significant levels of SHS exposure in need of intervention. Design and setting A cross-sectional study conducted in a university-affiliated cardiology clinic and cardiology inpatient service. Patients Participants were 118 non-smoking patients (59% male, mean age=63.6 years, SD=16.8) seeking cardiology services. Main outcome measures Serum cotinine levels and self-reported SHS exposure in the past 24 h and 7 days on 13 adult secondhand exposure to smoke (ASHES) items. Results A single item assessment of SHS exposure in one’s own home in the past 7 days was significantly correlated with serum cotinine levels (r=0.41, p<0.001) with sensitivity ≥75%, specificity >85% and correct classification rates >85% at cotinine cut-off points of >0.215 and >0.80 ng/mL. The item outperformed multiitem scales, an assessment of home smoking rules, and SHS exposure assessed in other residential areas, automobiles and public settings. The sample was less accurate at self-reporting lower levels of SHS exposure (cotinine 0.05-0.215 ng/mL). Conclusions The single item ASHES-7d Home screener is brief, assesses recent SHS exposure over a week's time, and yielded the optimal balance of sensitivity and specificity. The current findings support use of the ASHES- 7d Home screener to detect SHS exposure and can be easily incorporated into assessment of other major vital signs in cardiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Behavioural intention (BI) has been predicted using other variables by adopting the technology acceptance model (TAM). However, few studies have examined whether BI can predict learning performance. Objectives: The present study used an extended TAM to investigate whether students' BI is a predictor of their listening learning performance (LLP) through vocabulary learning performance (VLP) in the context of mobile vocabulary‐assisted listening learning by using two mobile learning tools. Methods: A total of 129 college students with a pre‐intermediate level of English were recruited as participants, and a 10‐week mobile vocabulary‐assisted, listening‐learning course was conducted in 2022. In each task of this course, the students had to learn target words from a listening passage on Quizlet and then engage in listening activities on Randall's ESL Cyber Listening Lab. Quantitative responses obtained through an online questionnaire were analysed through partial‐least‐squares structural equation modelling. Results: The analysis results indicated that BI significantly predicted LLP through VLP. Perceived ease of use (PEU) and perceived usefulness (PU) were significant antecedents of BI. However, PEU did not significantly predict PU because of the difficulty of navigating between the two technological tools used in this study. The extended model demonstrated its effectiveness in explaining listening learning performance, as evidenced by an explained variance (R2) of 69%. Conclusion: The extended model validates the influence of BI on learning performance and it can also draw teachers' focus toward the significance of enhancing students' BI to improve their listening learning performance. Pedagogical implications based on the results are provided in this paper. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic?: TAM was used to study learners' acceptance of mobile‐assisted language learning.TAM incorporates latent variables to explore mobile‐assisted language learning.Investigating factors influencing BI is a primary research focus in extended TAM literature.Mobile tools could improve listening learning and vocabulary retention. What this paper adds to that: Learning performance was considered as a dependent variable in an extended TAM.BI might predict students' learning performance in vocabulary and listening in an extended TAM.Teachers used two mobile tools to design mobile vocabulary‐assisted listening tasks.Pre‐learning the target words facilitate students' listening learning performance. Implications for practice and/or policy: We show the importance of BI on predicting listening learning performance.The impact of BI on other factors became another focus of TAM research.Results highlight pre‐learning target words' importance for better listening performance.Existing mobile tools improve listening performance, avoiding new system development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Although tablet computers offer advantages in data collection over traditional paper-and-pencil methods, little research has examined whether the 2 formats yield similar responses, especially with underserved populations. We compared the 2 survey formats and tested whether participants' responses to common health questionnaires or perceptions of usability differed by survey format. We also tested whether we could replicate established paper-and-pencil findings via tablet computer. Methods We recruited a sample of low-income community members living in the rural southern United States. Participants were 170 residents (black = 49%; white = 36%; other races and missing data = 15%) drawn from 2 counties meeting Florida's state statutory definition of rural with 100 persons or fewer per square mile. We randomly assigned participants to complete scales (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Inventory and Regulatory Focus Questionnaire) along with survey format usability ratings via paper-and-pencil or tablet computer. All participants rated a series of previously validated posters using a tablet computer. Finally, participants completed comparisons of the survey formats and reported survey format preferences. Findings Participants preferred using the tablet computer and showed no significant differences between formats in mean responses, scale reliabilities, or in participants' usability ratings. Conclusions Overall, participants reported similar scales responses and usability ratings between formats. However, participants reported both preferring and enjoying responding via tablet computer more. Collectively, these findings are among the first data to show that tablet computers represent a suitable substitute among an underrepresented rural sample for paper-and-pencil methodology in survey research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has been reported that the knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses play a significant role in preventing incontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD), and these three factors influence and interact with each other. This study aimed to translate the English version of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Incontinence‐Associated Dermatitis Questionnaire (KAP‐IAD‐Q) into Chinese and assess the validity and reliability of the Chinese KAP‐IAD‐Q (C‐ KAP‐IAD‐Q) used with Chinese nurses. Methods: The KAP‐IAD‐Q was translated into Chinese strictly in accordance with the Brislin translation model, and a Chinese version of IAD was formed after discussion by experts. From October to November 2021, a total of 259 Chinese nurses were recruited through a convenience sampling method and investigated using the Chinese version of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the incontinence‐associated dermatitis questionnaire (C‐KAP‐IAD‐Q) and the general self‐efficacy scale to assess its reliability and validity. Results: Three factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis comprised of 22 items. The Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.961, 0.929 and 0.833, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.98 totally. The scale‐level content validity index (S‐CVI) was 0.95, and the item‐level content validity (I‐CVI) was 0.83–1.00. The correlation coefficient between the general self‐efficacy scale and the C‐KAP‐IAD‐Q was 0.561 (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The 22‐item C‐KAP‐IAD‐Q seems to be culturally well adapted and has good psychometric properties used by Chinese nurses. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? There is a knowledge gap among nurses, and the attitudes of nurses to prevent incontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD) have a significant impact on the final implementation of preventive interventions.The Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of the Incontinence‐associated Dermatitis Questionnaire (KAP‐IAD‐Q) was developed and assessed as a valid and reliable tool in Singapore.China does not currently have such a tool.What this paper adds? This study translated the KAP‐IAD‐Q into Chinese and formed the Chinese version of the KAP‐IAD‐Q (C‐ KAP‐IAD‐Q).The C‐KAP‐IAD‐Q comprises 22 items and three factors, including knowledge, attitudes and practices towards IAD prevention with proper psychometric properties.The implications of this paper: The C‐KAP‐IAD‐Q could be used in clinical practice and research to provide a reference for improving the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards IAD prevention in China.The C‐KAP‐IAD‐Q can make a great contribution to supporting the education and management of IAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the long-term impact of leader–member exchange (LMX) on employee safety behavior. It proposes a conceptual model that includes the mediating role of job satisfaction (JS) in the relationship between LMX and safety behaviors, regarding safety compliance behavior (SCB) and safety participation behavior (SPB). Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 325 health-care workers across public hospitals in Algeria at three waves. Data were analyzed with partial least square structural equation modeling. Findings: The findings revealed that LMX positively influenced employees' job satisfaction. However, the relationship between LMX and SCB was found to be mediated by job satisfaction. LMX was not directly related to both dimensions of safety behavior, whereas JS was positively associated with safety compliance and safety participation. Originality/value: This is the first paper, to the best of the authors' knowledge, to report on the significant mediating role of JS on the reciprocal process used to exchange resources between leaders and subordinates and safety behaviors among health-care workers, thereby filling an important research gap in existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate a new prenatal education program evaluation tool, the UpStart Parent Survey – Prenatal, in terms of: (a) reliability and validity; (b) sensitivity to change over time; (c) whether results differed for mothers versus fathers; and (d) whether results differed when using an electronic tablet‐computer versus a paper survey. Design and Sample: Psychometric study. Participants were 277 expectant mothers (n = 161) and fathers (n = 106) enrolled in Childbirth Essentials, a 6‐week prenatal education program. Measures: The UpStart Parent Survey – Prenatal is a retrospective pretest/posttest survey with three scales: Parenting Knowledge, Parenting Experience, and Program Satisfaction, and three open‐ended questions. Results: The UpStart Parent Survey – Prenatal is sensitive to change and demonstrated significant positive differences in parenting knowledge and parenting experience. There was no difference in results whether the survey was completed by mothers or fathers. Results were similar whether paper or electronic formats were used. The survey was easy to complete. Conclusion: The UpStart Parent Survey – Prenatal holds promise as a reliable and valid evaluation tool to capture outcomes of brief prenatal education programs that target the general population of expectant parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the validity and reliability of the Missed Nursing Care Survey after translating it into the Arabic language. Methods: We employed a cross‐sectional design. We recruited 260 Jordanian nurses, and data were collected between May and July 2020. Translation, acceptability, construct, convergent, discriminant validity and reliability were investigated. Results: The factor analysis showed an adequate fit (three subscales) between the proposed missing care survey model and the observed data. This model reflected the survey's construct, convergent and discriminant validity, explaining 58.88% of the variance collectively. Confirmatory factor analyses showed adequate goodness‐of‐fit results (goodness of fit index = 0.91, comparative fit index = 0.94, increment fit index = 0.94, Tucker Lewis index = 0.92 and root mean square error of approximation = 0.06). The total Cronbach alpha and composite reliability achieved the criterion for all constructs in this survey. Conclusion: This Arabic version of the Missed Nursing Care Survey achieved the required level of validity and reliability. Measuring missed care and its reasons may help to improve quality of health services and assist nurse managers in designing appropriate interventions to reduce it. Adoption of culturally acceptable instruments by health‐care policymakers may support patient safety. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The Missed Nursing Care Survey was designed to identify reasons for missed nursing care.The Missed Nursing Care Survey has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure among various populations and different languages. What this paper adds? The Arabic version of the Missed Nursing Care Survey was shown to be a valid and reliable tool.Measuring the quality and procedures of nursing care in the Arabic region will aid in understanding the differences between countries. The implications of this paper: Adoption of culturally acceptable instruments by health‐care policymakers may support patient safety.Measuring missed care and its reasons may help to improve the quality of health services and assist nurse managers in designing appropriate interventions to reduce it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The majority of children with cerebral palsy (CP) experience challenges in functional communication from a young age. A pivotal aspect of functional communication is language comprehension. A variety of classification systems and questionnaires are available to classify and describe functional communication skills in children with CP. A better understanding of the convergent validity of (subsections of) these tools, as well as their relationship with spoken language comprehension, will be valuable in both clinical practice and research. Aims: To investigate the convergent validity of (subsections of) functional communication tools and the relationship with spoken language comprehension in children with CP. Methods & Procedures: Cross‐sectional data on 138 children were subdivided into three developmental stages based on (Dutch) educational phases: ages 18 months–3;11y (n = 59), 4;0–5;11 years (n = 37) and 6;0–8;11 years (n = 42). The following functional communication tools were used to classify and describe functional communication: Communication Function Classification System (CFCS), subscales of the Caregivers Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities—Dutch Version (CPCHILD‐DV) and the Focus on Communication Under Six‐34 (FOCUS‐34) questionnaire. Spoken language comprehension was assessed with the Computer‐Based instrument for Low motor Language Testing (C‐BiLLT). Correlations between the functional communication tools, and with the C‐BiLLT, were calculated using Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients. It was hypothesized a priori that correlations of at least 0.60 suggest good convergent validity. Outcomes & Results: At all developmental stages, a significant ordered decreasing tendency of communication outcomes was found across CFCS levels; lower CFCS levels were associated with lower scores on the CPCHILD‐DV and FOCUS‐34, and with a lower level of spoken language comprehension (C‐BiLLT). Correlation coefficients of the functional communication tools exceeded 0.60 at all developmental stages. Correlations between C‐BiLLT raw scores and the functional communication tools varied between 0.351 and 0.591 at developmental stage 18 months–3;11 years, between 0.781 and 0.897 at developmental stage 4;0–5;11 years, and between 0.635 and 0.659 at developmental stage 6;0–8;11 years. Conclusions & Implications: The functional communication tools assessed in this study showed convergent validity at all developmental stages. The CFCS, currently most widely used in paediatric rehabilitation, is adequate in the classification of functional communication. However, for more detailed clinical goal setting and evaluation of change in functional communication, the additional use of FOCUS‐34 or CPCHILD‐DV is recommended. What this paper adds: What is already known on the subject: A range of functional communication tools are available that help describe and classify functional communication in children with CP. These include the CFCS, subsections of CPCHILD‐DV and FOCUS‐34. The CFCS classifies functional communication in daily life with familiar and unfamiliar partners. Specific subsections of the CPCHILD‐DV and FOCUS‐34 include items that pertain to communicative participation. The innovative C‐BiLLT provides a standardized method to assess spoken language comprehension in children with CP and significant motor impairments. What this paper adds to existing knowledge: In the present study, convergent validity was confirmed between CFCS and specific subsections of the CPCHILD‐DV and FOCUS‐34. Correlations between these functional communication tools and the C‐BiLLT were moderate to strong. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: For clinical and research purposes (for instance, accurate prescription of augmentative and alternative communication—AAC), healthcare and educational professionals together with parents need to know how functional communication tools converge and how functional communication levels relate to the comprehension of spoken language. The CFCS provides a valid classification of functional communication abilities in children with CP. However, to measure change in functional communication and to evaluate treatment outcomes, use of additional functional communication tools such as the CPCHILD‐DV and FOCUS‐34 is recommended. When discrepancies are found between communicative abilities and spoken language comprehension, it is strongly recommended that valid tools are used in a more detailed examination of the child's spoken language comprehension skills and functional communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Therapeutic intervention can improve the overall level of mental health of American postmodern fiction writers by improving their social communication skills and overall well-being. This paper discusses the application of art therapy in the mental health education of American postmodern novel creators and proves that expressive art therapy intervention is effective in improving the mental health level of American postmodern novel creators. Method. This article attempts to help American postmodernist novel creators understand their own mental health status by means of individualized assessment and therapeutic intervention and to analyze and discover their own potential mental health problems. The writers of postmodernist novels in the USA were measured and screened by means of scales and questionnaires, and the members who met the experimental intervention were divided into experimental group and control group, and the experimental group received a 30-day reception music therapy intervention. After the intervention, the data will be counted, and the quantitative and qualitative aspects will be analyzed to comprehensively evaluate the effect of the intervention. Results/Discussion. Receptive music therapy intervention has a significant effect in relieving the anxiety of American postmodernist novel creators and plays a positive role in helping American postmodernist novel creators better adapt to study life and build good emotional psychology and interpersonal relationships. Psychological counseling relies more on external forces to correct cognition and adjust psychology, while music therapy intervention, as a nonsemantic art, can arouse inner functions and mobilize the self-healing potential of American postmodern novel creators. Practice has proven that when the language intervention of traditional psychotherapy encounters resistance and silence, music as a special language plays a vital role. The nonlinguistic nature of music, through a mode of reproduction of sounds in nature, makes the beautiful and soothing melody stimulate a pleasant and peaceful psychological experience through human hearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test a competence‐based human resource management scale to improve managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers in public hospitals. Background: To ensure the high competence of the first‐line nurse managers, the competence‐based human resource management should be evaluated using the best‐fit instrument. However, no instrument has been identified in the hospital setting. Methods: This methodological study consists of three main steps: (1) generating scale items based on literature review and expert interviews, (2) pilot testing of face and content validity and (3) evaluating psychometric properties with 300 first‐line nurse managers from 16 public hospitals in Indonesia selected using a multistage sampling. Data were collected from May to December 2017. Principal component analysis and Cronbach's α were used for construct validity and internal consistency reliability. Results: The final scale consists of 30 items in five dimensions, which explained 65.48% of the total variance. The dimensions include 'training and evaluation, career planning and development, rewards scheme, recruitment and selection, and appraisal system'. Cronbach's α for the scale was.89, with a range of.85 to.88. Conclusion: The competence‐based human resource management scale is reliable and valid to use in public hospital settings. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The concept of competence‐based human resource management has been applied worldwide in every organization, and it is applicable to use for developing managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers. Therefore, the effectiveness of this management system should be assessed via a valid and reliable instrument.Several instruments to measure competence‐based human resource management have been developed, but no instrument has been identified to measure competence‐based human resource management specifically in hospital settings. What this paper adds? This study developed a scale designed to measure competence‐based human resource management to support improvement of first‐line nurse managers' managerial competence in public hospitals.The scale demonstrated sound psychometric properties with acceptable internal consistency reliability, content validity and construct validity.The scale consists of 30 items in five dimensions: training and evaluation, career planning and development, rewards scheme, recruitment and selection, and appraisal system. The implications of this paper: This study expands the basic knowledge of competence‐based human resource management as a concept with five dimensions that can be used in nursing organizations, and it can be used in quality assurance systems in public hospitals settings in Indonesia.The scale can be used as a feedback for first‐line nurse managers to see the impact of competence‐based human resource management framework on their competence and helps to identify which dimension of human resource management needs further improvement.With further research, the scale may be of use in other countries and settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to translate the Barriers to Nurses' Use of Physical Assessment Scale into Turkish and assess the new version's validity and reliability. Methods: This was a methodological study to verify the linguistic equivalence of the scale through the translation/back‐translation method. Twelve experts in health assessment confirmed the scale's content validity. Along with the Barriers to Nurses' Use of Physical Assessment Scale, an information form, including socio‐demographic features, was distributed to 380 nurses, who consented to participate in the research. Data were collected between July 2017 and April 2018. Internal consistency, factor analysis and test–retest reliability were used to determine consistency over time and intraclass correlations. Results: The content validity index of the scale (0.963) was calculated following confirmation of its language equivalence. With the confirmatory factor analysis, it was determined that the fit index values were at an acceptable level and the model was suitable. The factor analysis clustered factors in seven domains. The overall internal consistency coefficient was 0.822. All subscales and the overall scale showed high intraclass correlations. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the Barriers to Nurses' Use of Physical Assessment Scale is a valid and reliable instrument. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Nursing assessment is a critical step in the nursing process.A holistic and systematic approach is key to improving the quality of nursing care, which may be hindered by barriers to the performance of physical assessment.Several international studies have examined the barriers encountered by nurses; however, there is a lack of both instruments and research on this subject in Turkish literature. What this paper adds? The findings confirmed that the Turkish version of the Barriers to Nurses' Use of Physical Assessment Scale is a valid and reliable instrument and can be used to determine the barriers to nurses' ability to perform physical assessments.Nurses and clinic managers will be able to use the scale to identify the factors preventing assessment and develop strategies to overcome them.The questionnaire can help eliminate assessment barriers to create an effective and systematic assessment environment. The implications of this paper: Nurses and clinical managers should work together to identify and eliminate assessment barriers.Barriers to nurses' use of physical assessments can be objectively identified through a valid and reliable tool, providing opportunities for the elimination of such barriers and the development of nursing assessment activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative perceptions within parent–child relationship has become a focus of research in recent psychological literature. Keeping this in view, the current paper aims to study how parental psychological maltreatment and negative cognitive style connect with psychological distress among Pakistani adolescents? Three hundred and seventy adolescents including 200 boys and 170 girls took part in the study. The mean age was 16.11 (SD = 1.54). Participants from different educational institutes filled in Psychological Maltreatment Experience Scale, Adolescent Cognitive Style Questionnaire – Short Form (Adapted version) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Findings of the study indicated that both parental psychological maltreatment and negative cognitive styles have strong association with psychological distress. The results emphasize the role of negative cognition in parent–child relationship and importance of reducing the hostile effects of parental maltreatment on youth's mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of a four‐item patient health questionnaire as a psychological distress screening tool for patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia. Methods: This cross‐cultural adaptation study was applied in five public health‐care centres in Indonesia in August–October 2018 using a four‐item patient health questionnaire. The content, convergent and factorial validity were assessed, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was the reliability indicator. Results: A total of 147 participants were involved. Content validity resulted in acceptable outcomes (item and scale content validity indexes were 0.95 and 0.75, respectively). Anxiety and depression were associated with total score and psychological distress status (P < 0.001), supporting the convergent validity outcomes. Principal component analysis using varimax rotation revealed two factors, explaining 76.14% of variance (P < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha coefficients for anxiety, depression and total score were 0.780, 0.500 and 0.713, respectively. Conclusions: The study demonstrated adequate validity and reliability for the Indonesian version of a four‐item patient health questionnaire among patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is applicable as a screening tool for psychological distress in this population. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Anxiety and depression are common forms of psychological distress among patients with type 2 diabetes.Early identification of potential problems in diabetes benefits patients for prevention and treatment.A four‐item patient health questionnaire (PHQ4) is a valid tool for screening psychological distress. What this paper adds? The paper presents a psychometric evaluation of PHQ4 to assess psychological distress among patients with type 2 diabetes.Incidence of anxiety, depression and psychological distress for patients with diabetes in Indonesia was identified. The implications of this paper: Diabetes nurse specialists or nurse managers could consider using the Indonesian version of PHQ4 in their units.The availability of this screening tool in Indonesia makes identification of psychological distress possible.Further research and education related to psychological distress among patients with diabetes may use the valid PHQ4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study investigated self‐care activities and identified their related factors in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Guangzhou, China, between September 2016 and February 2017, involving 202 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Measures included the Summary of Diabetes Self‐Care Activities Questionnaire and Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire. Results: Self‐care activities in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were suboptimal overall. Foot care and blood sugar testing were the self‐care activities that were performed the least. One fifth of patients smoked. Some subscales of illness perceptions, receiving health education on diabetes, employment status, education level, body mass index, age and time since type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis, were related to self‐care activities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Health‐care providers and nurses should encourage greater engagement in self‐care activities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially foot care and blood sugar testing. Illness perceptions may be used as a framework to guide interventions. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Diabetes is a global epidemic, and China has the largest number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Self‐care activities are a key factor in preventing complications and maintaining long‐term health in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Illness perceptions are amendable to change by health‐care providers. What this paper adds? Self‐care activities in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were suboptimal; the least frequently performed self‐care activities were foot care and blood sugar testing, and one in five patients smoked.Some subscales of illness perceptions, receiving diabetes education, employment status, education level, body mass index, age and time since type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis, were related to self‐care activities in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The implications of this paper: Illness perceptions may be used as a framework to guide interventions aimed at promoting self‐care activities in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Interventions aimed at promoting self‐care activities should be tailored to the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of individual patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the development of the Writing Readiness Inventory Tool in Context (WRITIC), a measurement evaluating writing readiness in Dutch kindergarten children (5 and 6 years old). Content validity was established through 10 expert evaluations in three rounds. Construct validity was established with 251 children following regular education. To identify scale constructs, factor analysis was performed. Discriminative validity was established by examining contrast groups with good ( n = 142) and poor ( n = 109) performers in paper-and-pencil tasks. Content validity was high with 94.4% agreement among the experts. Two reliable factors were found in the performance of paper-and-pencil tasks with Cronbach's alphas of 0.82 and 0.69 respectively. The contrast groups differed significantly in two WRITIC subdomains: 'Sustained attention' and 'Task performance'. Our findings indicated that the WRITIC is feasible for use in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: There is a scarcity of studies concerning violence in psychiatric outpatient settings in the 2010s in spite of the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric services.Previous research on violence in psychiatric outpatient settings has failed to consider the association between the psychological consequences of violence, exposures to violence and background factors. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: It has been known for some time that exposures to violence are harmful for psychiatric inpatient nurses; the paper demonstrates that psychiatric outpatient nurses are also at risk.The psychological consequences of exposure to violence are highly individualized and influenced by background factors.Nurses who face harassment have a greater risk of suffering psychological symptoms. What are the implications for practice?: De‐escalation interventions should be implemented in psychiatric outpatient settings.Organizations should consider the possibility of internal violence occurring when planning preventive interventions to manage and reduce workplace violence.Education targeted at violence prevention, management and debriefing should be organized systematically in psychiatric outpatient units and be taken into consideration in the mental health nursing curriculum. Introduction: There is a scarcity of studies concerning violence and its consequences in psychiatric outpatient setting. Aim: This study aimed to explore the occurrence of workplace violence and the psychological consequences of exposure to violence among nurses working in psychiatric outpatient settings. Method: Research followed a cross‐sectional survey design. Data were collected with the VIA‐Q instrument. Results: During the 12 months prior to the study, nurses (n = 181) had most often experienced psychological violence, with fatigue being the most common consequence. Harassment most often caused feelings of violated integrity, whereas physical violence most often caused insomnia. Significant relationships between exposure to violence and psychological consequences were identified. Discussion: Workplace violence can manifest in a broad array of psychological symptoms and be harmful for nurses in psychiatric outpatient settings. It is important to discuss the subject of workplace violence and its place in the nursing curriculum and to reflect on how nurses are educated and trained to face violence in psychiatric nursing. Implications for Practice: De‐escalation interventions should be implemented in psychiatric outpatient settings. Organizations should take steps to abolish internal violence. Nurses need appropriate education in order to prepare them to manage workplace violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intelligibility can be defined as the speakers' ability to convey a message to the listener and it is considered the key functional measure of speech. The Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS) is a parent rating scale used to assess intelligibility in children. Aims: To describe normative and validation data on the ICS in Swedish and to investigate how these are related to age, gender and multilingualism. Methods & Procedures: Two studies were included. Study 1 included ICS forms from 319 Swedish‐speaking children (3:2–9:2 years:months). Study 2 included video recordings and ICS forms from 14 children with speech sound disorder (SSD) and two with typical speech. The video recordings were transcribed in the validation process, resulting in intelligibility reference scores to which ICS scores were correlated. Outcomes & Results: Study 1: The mean value of the ICS for the 319 children was 4.73. There were no differences in ICS score related to age or gender. The children in the multilingual group were significantly older than the monolingual group and had significantly lower ICS scores than the group of monolinguals. Study 2: There was a moderate correlation between the ICS score and the transcription‐based intelligibility score, with the two children with typical speech excluded; however, this correlation was not significant. Conclusions & Implications: We contribute mean scores and percentiles on the ICS for Swedish‐speaking children. The finding that the ICS does not provide valid measures of intelligibility for the included children with SSD suggests that the instrument measures a different construct. What this paper adds: What is already known on the subject: The ICS has been translated to numerous languages and validated against articulation measures in several previous studies. The validity of the Swedish version has been investigated against intelligibility based on transcription of single words. What this paper adds to existing knowledge: The study provides normative values of the Swedish version of the ICS for children aged 3–9 years. This is the first study to use a gold standard measure of intelligibility in continuous speech to validate the ICS. The results show a somewhat dubious validity regarding ICS for the group of children with SSD included in the study. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: The ICS's suitability as a measure of intelligibility is questionable; however, it might be of use for speech and language pathologists to give an overview of the parents' view of their child's ability to communicate, in order to make a decision on possible further assessment and intervention. The normative values of the Swedish version of the ICS could be of use in this decision process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Illness Cognition Questionnaire. Methods: A total of 237 adolescent Participants ages 13–20 years were collected from two hospitals for purposes of the study. The participants were diagnosed with blood cancer, congenital heart disease, paediatric rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Results: The Illness Cognition Questionnaire is composed of three subscales and 18 items. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed for all 18 items. The data used in the exploratory factor analysis were obtained from 126 adolescents with blood cancer. The data used for confirmatory factor analysis were obtained from 111 adolescents who had chronic diseases. The three‐factor model of 18 items showed general fitness close to the standard but not a very good fit. Conclusions: This study indicated that the Korean version of the Illness Cognition Questionnaire is reasonable to use for Korean adolescents with chronic illness. The authors recommend that the meaning of Item 10 be clarified from 'I have learned to accept the limitations imposed by my illness' to 'I have learned to positively accept the limitations imposed by my illness'. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Illness cognition is the process of evaluating the meaning of a negative event.Illness cognition has a significant impact on patients' quality of life because it is inherently involved in long‐term stresses caused by chronic or serious illnesses. What this paper adds? The Korean version of the Illness Cognition Questionnaire is reliable and valid.The Korean version of Illness Cognition Questionnaire consisted of three categories of disease awareness: acceptance, helplessness and perceived benefitsThe meaning of Item 10 in the Illness Cognition Questionnaire Korean version needs to be clarified as 'I have learned to positively accept the limitations imposed by my illness'. The implications of this paper: The Korean version of the Illness Cognition Questionnaire can be used for adolescent participants experiencing serious or chronic illnesses.The Korean version of the Illness Cognition Questionnaire can be used in developing the psychological intervention for adolescents with chronic illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Self‐assessments for adults who stutter are recommended as a primary evaluation tool for including their views on stuttering. Evaluating adults who stutter with self‐assessment scales is important. However, there is no tool in the Turkish literature that provides this measurement. Aims: To develop the Turkish version of The Wright and Ayre Stuttering Self‐Rating Profile (WASSP) in order to analyse its validity and reliability, and investigate its applicability for Turkish‐speaking individuals. Methods & Procedures: The study included 120 adults who stutter (aged 18–54 years). All the participants completed The Wright and Ayre Stuttering Self‐Rating Profile—Turkish version (WASSP‐TR) and the SF‐36 form. The reliability analysis involved the calculation of Cronbach's alphas for test–retest and the Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficient for internal consistency. The validity analysis, in turn, involved a confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity and testing correlations with the SF‐36 for criterion validity. Outcomes & Results: Internal consistency coefficients of the WASSP‐TR were reported to be high (> 0.70). The correlations between the WASSP‐TR and its subscales showed significant results (0.858–0.966) (p < 0.01). The correlation between the subscales of the WASSP‐TR and the SF‐36 was reported to be consistent (from −0.492 to 0.747). There was a positive correlation between stuttering severity groups and the WASSP‐TR scores (p < 0.01). Conclusions & Implications: The WASSP‐TR is a valid and reliable scale for Turkish‐speaking adults who stutter. What this paper addsWhat is already known on the subjectSelf‐assessment tools are recommended as a primary use when assessing adults who stutter. The WASSP is one of these measurement tools. However, the adaptation, validity and reliability study of the WASSP to Turkish has not been investigated.What this paper adds to existing knowledgeThis study shows that the Turkish version of the WASSP scale is valid and reliable and can be used with adults who stutter. Furthermore, the present adaptation study has been developed in order to evaluate social–emotional aspects of stuttering.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?A tool that includes evaluating the behaviour, cognition, affect and participation areas as well as the stuttering behaviours of adults who stutter was adapted. This tool is expected to be useful for comprehensive evaluation of adults who stutter in clinics, in research and for pre/post‐therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the modified Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management instrument in an English‐speaking population. Background: There is growing evidence that self‐management behaviours can improve outcomes for people with chronic kidney disease. However, there are few suitable instruments available. Design The study was cross sectional, with a test–retest protocol. Method: Adults with chronic kidney disease attending a primary health care between June and December 2015 completed the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management instrument. Construct validity was determined using exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency and test–retest reliability using Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation. For convergent validity, the relationships between knowledge, self‐efficacy and self‐management were investigated. Results: The Australian version of the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management instrument has 17 items grouped into four factors: self‐integration, seeking social support, adherence to lifestyle modification and problem solving. The instrument demonstrated good reliability. Self‐efficacy was positively correlated with self‐management scores, although there was no correlation between chronic kidney disease knowledge and self‐management. Conclusions: The Australian version of the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management instrument was found to be a valid and reliable patient‐reported outcome measure. It can be used in clinical practice to support self‐management, as well as future research. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? The burden of chronic kidney disease is rising mostly due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes and hypertension.Chronic kidney disease progression can be slowed with effective self‐management behaviours.Patient‐reported outcome measures need testing in target populations prior to implementation in clinical settings and research. What this paper adds? The Australian version of the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management instrument demonstrated good validity and reliability in the target population.The instrument is suitable to use in research testing interventions to improve self‐management of chronic kidney disease. The implications of this paper: Clinicians can use this patient‐reported outcome measure to assess for changes in CKD self‐management behaviours following patient education.The instrument can be used to identify individuals in need of support for self‐management skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To assess the validity and reliability of the stoma self‐efficacy scale for Turkish‐speaking individuals with stoma. Background: Self‐efficacy in stoma care is one of the most important variables requiring compliance for an increase in the quality of life and well‐being of individuals with stoma. Design A methodological study. Methods: This study used translation and back translation for the scale's language equivalence and expert opinion for the content validity. An expert panel and 10 individuals with stoma evaluated the scale for face validity. The scale's reliability was assessed by internal consistency, Pearson correlation, and test–retest reliability in a sample of 174 individuals with stomas. The scale's construct validity was tested with confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Results: The content validity index was.96, and Cronbach's alpha was.95. In the test–retest analysis, the intraclass correlation coefficients were high. In the factor analysis, two factors emerged from the scale, and after the confirmatory factor analysis and scale modification, the fit indices of the model were found to provide a good level of validity. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the stoma self‐efficacy scale is a valid and reliable tool to determine the levels of self‐efficacy in individuals with stoma. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Stoma creation is one of the most common surgical interventions.The ability to cope with the psychological, physiological and sociocultural changes experienced by individuals with stoma after surgery is related to their levels of self‐efficacy.Valid and reliable instruments are needed to determine the levels of self‐efficacy of individuals with stoma. What this paper adds? The Turkish version of the stoma self‐efficacy scale is a valid and reliable tool to determine the levels of self‐efficacy in individuals with stoma.The stoma self‐efficacy scale can be used by nurses to evaluate the self‐efficacy levels of Turkish‐speaking individuals with stoma in any part of the world. The implications of this paper: The stoma self‐efficacy scale can be used to evaluate self‐efficacy levels in individuals with stoma and for respective research.The adaptation of the stoma self‐efficacy scale into Turkish may contribute to the dissemination of self‐efficacy results of Turkish individuals with stoma internationally and to the comparative literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To translate the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) Long‐Term Catheter Quality of Life (LTCqol) questionnaire (ICIQ‐LTCqol) from English to Arabic and evaluate its psychometric properties. Background: Currently, no tool for Arabic‐speaking patients is available to measure the quality of life in patients using long‐term urinary catheters. Design Translation and psychometric assessment of questionnaire. Methods: The internal consistency and construct validity of the translated Arabic version of the ICIQ‐LTCqol were evaluated in a convenience sample of 141 participants recruited from a hospital in Egypt from April to September 2017. Test‐retest reliability was assessed for a sample of 15 participants who completed this version at two time points. Construct validity was assessed by factor analysis. Results: The translated Arabic version of the ICIQ‐LTCqol showed satisfactory test‐retest reliability and internal consistency, with the Cronbach α =.75. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the same two factors ("catheter function" and "lifestyle") structure as found in the English version of the tool supporting the construct validity of the translated questionnaire. Conclusion: This original and significant study allows, for the first time, researchers and clinicians working with Arabic‐speaking patients, the opportunity to evaluate the quality of life in long‐term urinary catheter users. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is known about this topic: The potential negative impact of using a long‐term indwelling urinary catheter on patients' everyday lives has been well documented.There is no available psychometrically robust self‐report questionnaire that can be used to assess the impact of living with a long‐term catheter among Arabic speakers.To date, the Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) Long‐Term Catheter Quality of Life (LTCqol) questionnaire (ICIQ‐LTCqol) has not been translated into Arabic, and therefore, it has not been used with Arabic‐speaking catheter patients.In Arabic countries, no research has been conducted focusing on the experience of patients with urinary catheters. What this paper adds? The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) Long‐Term Catheter Quality of Life questionnaire (ICIQ‐LTCqol) Arabic version is a clear, understandable, and short questionnaire.The Arabic version of the ICIQ‐LTCqol has the same factor structure as the English version using confirmatory factor analysis.The Arabic version of the ICIQ‐LTCqol has good internal consistency. Implications of this paper: Clinicians and researchers working with Arabic‐speaking patients, who use long‐term urinary catheters, can utilize this version of the ICIQ‐LTCqol to evaluate their QOL.The Arabic version of the ICIQ‐LTCqol is a robust tool for assessing the impact of living with a long‐term catheter in Arabic countries.Further research is needed on the retest reliability of the ICIQ‐LTCqol in the Arabic‐speaking population.The impact of living with a long‐term catheter has not been investigated in Arabic countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The reduction of the violence and child abuse requires the cooperation of national and international health-related organizations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of NGOs in health and peace development through administrating supportive programs for child abuse and violence victims. Design/methodology/approach: The present research was a mixed method research, and the type of research was a descriptive-analytic study. To collect data, library and field methods were used. The research sample included 137 staff members of the NGOs supporting children in Tehran. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Findings: According to authorities and members of the NGOs supporting children, networking and affective factors played a significant role in the development of health and peace (P<0.01). This was feasible by controlling the factors affecting violence and child abuse. Practical implications: Given the fact that NGOs are contributing to the development and establishment of peace through effective participation and networking, trying to support the victims of child abuse and violence, the need for more attention from governments is recommended in order to support these organizations, especially legislative and financial support is needed to expand the activities of such organizations. Originality/value: This paper is original in its method, topic and findings. The first is mixed method research, which has studied the role of networking of NGOs for peace development through implementing support programs for victims of child abuse and violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to assess the nurses' knowledge, concerns, perceived impact and preparedness toward the COVID‐19 pandemic. Background: As COVID‐19 is a new disease, its spread and emergence cause fear, anxiety and confusion among the general population. Nurses are in close contact with infected persons, and their knowledge plays an important role in preventing the transmission chain. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, 207 nurses were selected using convenience sampling from 29 March to 19 April 2020. The study used a questionnaire assessing the nurses' baseline characteristics, their source of information, knowledge, concerns, the perceived impact and their preparedness for the COVID‐19 pandemic. Results: Around half of the surveyed nurses (51.2%) reported that the Ministry of Health's and World Health Organization's websites and official pages were their main sources of information. The majority of nurses (81.6%) knew the nature of the virus, 83.6% agreed that their job puts them at risk of infection with COVID‐19 and 72% felt personally prepared for the pandemic. Conclusion: The majority of nurses had an acceptable level of knowledge regarding COVID‐19. However, psychological interventions are needed to be addressed in the planning stage before any pandemic. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? It is well established that COVID‐19 is a highly infectious disease with a fatality rate of about 6.48% in Egypt.Studies about nursing and COVID‐19 are relatively few.There is a lack of data regarding the nurses' knowledge, concerns, perceived impact and preparedness toward COVID‐19. What does this paper add? Nurses prefer gaining their knowledge regarding COVID‐19 from the Ministry of Health's and the World Health Organization's websites and official pages rather than the social media websites.Nurses have an acceptable level of knowledge regarding COVID‐19. The majority of surveyed nurses knew the nature of the virus along with its signs and symptoms.The majority of surveyed nurses feel that their job puts them at the risk of infection with COVID‐19, and they are quite afraid of being infected. The implications of this paper: Psychological interventions are needed in the planning stage before any pandemic to enhance the protection of nurses and health care workers and to reduce the psychological impact.Sustainable awareness programmes are required for health care workers, keeping them up to date with the most recent information regarding prevention and management methods from the World Health Organization's guidelines and other instructional materials.Hospitals can hold meetings and organize regular psychological support groups to allow nurses to manage their fears and acquire stress reduction strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: The literature shows a clear relationship between a good therapeutic relationship (TR) and the efficacy of nursing interventions.For the implementation of nursing psychotherapeutic interventions, the initial establishment of a good TR is essential.Several instruments assess the relationship established between the therapist and the patient in psychotherapy. However, no tool has been found to assess the quality of the TR established between the nurse and the patient. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: This study allowed the development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of a scale to assess the TR between the nurse and the patient in a sample of mental health nurses.The developed scale (Therapeutic Relationship Assessment Scale‐Nurse) has psychometric properties that attest its reliability (internal consistency and test–retest) and construct validity as an instrument to assess the quality of the TR established between the nurse and the patient from the nurse's perspective. What are the implications for practice?: As the TR is crucial for providing nursing care and, in particular, for implementing nursing psychotherapeutic interventions, the scale developed is a valid tool to assess the quality of the TR established between the nurse and the patient in the perspective of the mental health nurse.The use of instruments to assess the quality of the nurse–patient TR facilitates the identification of the relationship's gaps, which can serve as a basis for improving the relationship itself and the nursing care provision. Introduction: The therapeutic relationship (TR) is essential to providing psychiatric and mental health nursing care. Nevertheless, no assessment tools exclusive for assessing nursing TR were found in the literature. Aim: To describe and evaluate the psychometric properties (reliability and construct validity) of a scale that allows assessing the quality of TR established between the nurse and the patient. Method: A survey method was adopted, using a convenience sample of 356 mental health nurses. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and Omega index. Results: A total of 221 mental health nurses participated in the study (response rate = 62.08%). The scale's final structure has 25 items. Cronbach's alpha was 0.93, ranging from 0.78 to 0.88 for each of the factors. The cumulative variance explained in a four‐factor structure was 71.12%. Discussion: The Therapeutic Relationship Assessment Scale (TRAS)‐Nurse presents good psychometric properties. In the light of Benner's theory, it can be an useful tool for novice nurses to better understand what aspects they should pay attention to for establishing a successful TR. Implications for Practice: Mental health nurses can use the TRAS‐Nurse, thus having a scale available that allows them to self‐assess the quality of TR they establish with their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the influence of barriers to the use of research results in the practice of nurses on patient safety perception. Background: The use of research results in clinical practice promotes safe care, increases quality and reduces the possibility of adverse events. Design This is a cross‐sectional study. Methods: The sample consisted of 207 nurses from three public university hospitals in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil from March 2017 to November 2018. They answered a questionnaire with professional characteristics, The Barriers Scale and Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, Student's t test, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. Results: The findings showed most nurses had unfavourable competencies for implementing research results in practice. As barrier scores for the use of research results in practice increase, safety climate scores decrease. Taking a training course on the use of research results in clinical practice and organization characteristics, limitations of the setting were statistically significant, constituting factors that influence the perception of the safety climate. Conclusion: Investments in education are needed for health professionals to be aware of evidence‐based practice and how to use evidence to impact decision‐making outcomes, strengthening safety outcomes in health services. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The use of research results in clinical practice promotes safe care, increases quality and reduces the possibility of adverse events.In the health literature, there is little evidence on the factors related to the use of research results in the clinical practice of nurses and the patient safety climate.The non‐use of research results in clinical practice is a relevant problem for patient safety. What is already known about this topic? The results of the study showed that nurses do not have favourable competencies in the use of research results in clinical practice.The most significant barrier to the use of research results in clinical practice was related to the characteristics of the organization, and the negative perception of the safety climate was related to working conditions, indicating a negative view of the work environment.The results of the research indicated that the more barriers were reported by nurses to the use of research results in clinical practice, the worse the perception of patient safety.The provision of training courses for nurses on the use of research results and the characteristics of the organization were factors that influenced the perception of patient safety. The implications of this paper: The results of the study highlighted the need to strengthen the partnership between universities and health services. Nurses trained to use research results in clinical practice promote safe and quality care.The use of research results in clinical practice can benefit the safety and quality of care around the world. Additional studies are needed to understand other factors related to the use of research that influences patient safety outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increased popularity of mobile learning, there is a growing demand on the understanding of how the scalable technology, such as mobile devices, influences individual learning behaviours as well as their learning outcome. A theoretical model was built based on the adaptive structuration theory (AST) and the knowledge spiral theory. Using this model, we examined the relationship between structural sources, individuals' adaptive structural behaviours, and their perceived learning. A Structural Equation Modeling method was employed in our empirical study. Findings indicate that users' task adaptation had a positive influence on their perceived learning, In addition, their exploitive technology adaptation influenced the ultimate perceived learning, but the impact of users' exploratory technology adaptation on learning was mediated by their task adaptation. Contrary to expectations, the effect of computer self-efficacy on exploitive and exploratory technology adaptation was negative, and exploratory technology adaptation negatively affected exploitive task adaptation. A detailed discussion of the findings and implications are provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflection journals (RJs) have been recognised as a vital tool in promoting student learning. However, little is known about how doctoral students use RJs to improve academic engagement. Through a mixed-method study, this paper explored how six international students from a Chinese normal university utilized RJs in their engagement in an advanced learning sciences course. This study used reflective journals, surveys, and interviews to examine doctoral students' perceptions of the effectiveness of reflective journals in their learning process in a 12-week 'Frontiers of the Learning Sciences' course. The quantitative results revealed that all items received a positive rating and were appropriate for exploring how reflective journals enhanced the participants' critical thinking, writing skills and engagement. Overall, the findings confirmed that reflective journals facilitate critical thinking, metacognition, and self-engagement. The findings of the study likewise provide information for course instructors to adjust their lesson plans in response to students' comments and suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the idea that moral injury may result from social workers being exposed to sustained ethical stress – the stress experienced when workers cannot base their practice on their values. It is suggested that a particularly salient feature of agency working which might contribute to the experience of ethical stress is risk aversion. This paper is based on a study of one hundred criminal justice social workers in Scotland, who were questioned on their experiences of ethical stress and risk aversion. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analysed using standard multiple regression and inductive thematic analysis, respectively. Findings demonstrated that how risk-averse an agency was contributed in a unique and significant way to the worker’s experience of ethical stress. Qualitative comments illustrated why this relationship might exist, but also demonstrated that a variety of views were held by social workers and that ethical stress was not experienced by all. The findings are discussed in terms of moral injury and its links with risk aversion, bureaucracy, neoliberal hegemony, notions of ‘underclass’, personal moral codes and professional integrity. Explicitly exploring these related concepts in social work education might impact on the new generation of social workers and strengthen the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Indigenous young people are disproportionately exposed to risk factors for poor mental health. Methodologically rigorous research will be critical in the development and evaluation of prevention and treatment programs. Research examining the mental health of Indigenous young people may have been undermined by poor measurement. The extent to which research has used measures with adequate psychometrics is unknown. Methods: MEDLINE, PsychINFO and PUBMED databases, were systematically searched to identify papers published between 1998–2008 measuring the mental health of Indigenous young people from Australia, Canada, New Zealand or the US. Data extracted included type of mental health instrument, psychometric analyses reported and results. Results: Fifty-four relevant studies were identified. Seventy-nine mental health instruments were used, and 18% were bespoke. Only 14% of instruments had been validated for the relevant Indigenous population. Few studies reported assessment of the reliability or validity of instruments. Data about both the reliability and validity of 10 measures were reported. None of the measures met the standards set by the review. Evidence of at least one type of reliability and validity was demonstrated for six measures. Conclusions: From 1998–2008 few studies of mental health in Indigenous young people used measurement instruments with previously determined reliability and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, patients' safety is the top priority for medical services around the world. However, it is believed that many of the adverse events in hospitals are preventable. Type and screen (T&S) procedures require intense practical training by each medical practitioner in each hospital. This study applied an interactive Virtual Reality (VR) technology to supplement the traditional approach to facilitate procedural training. The VR system made use of the Unity3D for application development. To investigate the reliability and validity of the conceptual medical training model, a survey was conducted to measure the content, motivation and enhanced readiness of practitioners. The partial least squares (PLS) modelling was carried out to investigate the correlation between each pair of measured variables. The study results indicated that the learning model has good reliability for each measurement factor and validates the survey study. The PLS modelling also indicated a significant correlation between each pair of measured variables. The project developed a VR training program for training in T&S procedures. The study provides important implications on the development of a practical VR training program for medical practitioners, as well as valuable insights for the development of similar VR training programs in the future. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Patients' safety is the cornerstone of high‐quality medical services around the worldPractical skill training no matter whether a student in a medical degree programme at university or as a medical intern is very importantType and screen (T&S) is an essential protocol and diagnostic procedure for patients, and it requires intense practical training by each medical practitioner, and is essential to doctors, nurses, and medical interns in all hospitalsVR offers benefits to the learners, as well as educators. It is cost‐effective, and provides safe, repeatable, standardized and interactive training to medical practitioners. What this paper adds: An interactive Virtual Reality (VR) training program is developed to supplement the traditional approach to facilitate procedural training for medical practitionersA conceptual model to investigate the relationship between content (C), motivation (M), and enhanced readiness (E) for medical practitioners under VR trainingThe PLS modelling has indicated a significant correlation between content, motivation, and enhanced readiness. Implications for practice and/or policy: In the training of medical practitioners, besides considering the gaming elements in the training program, more emphasis should be put on the design of the content to enhance their motivation for learningThe motivation of medical practitioners has positive impact to their readiness for participating the VR trainingThe study has important indication in the design of similar practical VR training programs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Educating women regarding breast cancer and increasing breast self‐examination uptake continues to remain a major challenge despite the intensive campaigns. An innovative, cost‐effective and easily customised intervention is needed especially in under‐resourced and hard to reach communities. This paper is a report examining the effects of mobile text messaging on women's knowledge of breast cancer and BSE, BSE self‐efficacy and frequency of BSE. Methods: A randomised controlled trial design was used. The study sample consisted of 128 women of reproductive age (WRA) (64 in the experimental group and 64 in the control group) from two communities in the Philippines during the months of August to October 2018. Three to five short messages were sent to the participants in the experimental group daily for one month while the control group did not receive the messages. Results: Women who received mobile text messages had higher knowledge of breast cancer (F = 21.756, p = 0.001) and breast self‐examination (F = 6.776, p = 0.010) than the control group. However, no significant improvements were seen in the BSE self‐efficacy (F = 1.446, p = 0.232) and frequency of BSE (F = 3.374, p = 0.69). Conclusion: Mobile text messaging significantly improved the knowledge on breast cancer and breast self‐examination among women; however, it did not affect their breast self‐examination self‐efficacy and frequency. Mobile text messaging can be a viable tool that can be used by healthcare workers in order to educate women regarding breast cancer and breast self‐examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is known on the subject: Healthcare assistants are untrained and unregistered frontline staff but are expected to be proactive in preventing and responding to 'untoward' incidents quickly and efficiently when working within adult acute inpatient psychiatric settings.Healthcare assistants should be trained to provide enhanced care to service users residing in acute psychiatric settings. To date, a training programme in Psychological First Aid has not been expended in such a setting with nonregistered staff. What the paper adds to existing knowledge: The study demonstrates that training healthcare assistants in Psychological First Aid is useful in improving their confidence in caring for service users, therapeutic engagement with service users and ward culture in general. What are the implications for practice: A training programme in Psychological First Aid for healthcare assistants to enhance ward culture can be implemented in different practice environments.Psychological First Aid is harmonious with nursing values and provides healthcare assistants with a relevant, useful and easily understood toolkit to apply in acute psychiatric settings. Introduction: Healthcare assistants working within adult acute inpatient psychiatric settings are untrained and unregistered, however, they can contribute to quality service if they receive some training. Psychological First Aid training has never been expended in these settings, so this study intends to fill this gap in the existing evidence with this category of healthcare personnel. Aim: The aim of this study was to introduce and evaluate first aid training for healthcare assistants. Method: A pre/post design was adopted to gather data using questionnaires and interviews. The groups of participants included 16 healthcare assistants trained in Psychological First Aid, a sample of service users and four ward managers. Results: Post‐training, (a) healthcare assistants and service users ranked the therapeutic milieu of the ward more favourably, (b) the self‐efficacy of the healthcare assistants increased, and the number of 'untoward' incidents decreased, and (c) health care assistants' confidence in their skills was high. The ward manager interviews post‐training revealed four themes: (a) staff utilization of new skills and renewed enthusiasm, (b) calmer atmosphere on the ward and staff togetherness, (c) confidence and reflection on practice and (d) therapeutic engagement. Discussion: Training healthcare assistants is useful in improving staff confidence, therapeutic engagement with service users and ward culture in general. Implications for practice: Techniques and skills learnt are relevant and useful to healthcare assistants and provide an easily understood toolkit that is harmonious with nursing values. If executed correctly, the training can enhance practice and care outcomes and the overall service user experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on research which was conducted to examine the validity of estimating anaerobic power in college-aged students using anthropometric data and a paper and pencil test. Researchers determined peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) in 157 subjects using a standard Wingate anaerobic test. They found that valid estimates for PP and MP could be obtained from anthropometric data and a single question paper and pencil test.

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Positive aspects of care are considered an essential part of caregiving research. They have been related to a wide range of dimensions of the caregiving circumstances, but there are few valid, reliable and brief measures to assess them. One of the most frequently used internationally is the Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) scale, whose psychometric properties have received little attention. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: The present study analyses the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the PAC scale in a sample of informal caregivers of someone with dementia and further explores the association of different factors (e.g. caregiver health, sociodemographic variables) with the PAC.The Portuguese version of PAC scale presented good psychometric characteristics, and the factor analysis revealed the presence of two factors: affirming self and enriching life.Our study also verified that higher levels of PAC are more likely to be associated with better caregiver health perception, lower levels of psychological distress and burden, the care recipient's older age, providing care to more than one care recipient, not receiving social support services and not considering institutionalizing the care recipient. What are the implications for practice?: Findings from this study can assist professionals, including mental health nurses, to develop and implement effective interventions that help dementia caregivers to maintain their emotional health by identifying and focusing specific positive aspects of care. The study stresses the Portuguese version of the PAC scale as a reliable and valid measure for practice. Introduction: Positive aspects of care refer to the psychosocial benefits of caregiving. The Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) scale is one of the instruments most frequently used internationally, but its psychometric properties and correlates within the caregiving experience have received limited attention. Aim: To examine the factorial structure of the Portuguese version of PAC scale and to analyse background and contextual factors that are more likely to be associated with higher levels of PAC. Method: The PAC scale, a sociodemographic questionnaire and measures assessing burden and physical and mental health were administered to 204 informal caregivers of dementia patients. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two‐factor structure; internal consistency was adequate. Higher scores were negatively correlated with caregiver burden and distress. Better health perception, care recipient's older age, providing care to more than one care recipient and overall self‐reliance were correlated with higher levels of PAC. Discussion: The PAC scale was found to be a reliable and valid measure. Dementia caregiving circumstances and caregivers' and care receivers' characteristics play an important role for the presence of PAC, but relate distinctively with its dimensions. Implications for Practice: Findings can help mental health nurses to recognize distinctive relations between PAC and caregiving variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Burnout has been studied by organizational researchers for nearly 50 years (Maslach and Schaufeli, 2017; Schaufeli et al., 2009); however, little attention is given to burnout experienced by employed students who may be prone to the symptoms of burnout as they juggle multiple demanding roles. Burnout in employed students has previously been conceptualized as a bi-factor model consisting of three dimensions: general burnout, apathy and exhaustion (see Rauti et al., 2019 for further information). The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a novel and theoretically driven tool to assess burnout in employed students. Design/methodology/approach: A sample of 239 employed undergraduate students from a university in southwestern Ontario completed an online survey which included the University of Windsor Employed Student Burnout Survey. Participants also completed six additional measures for scale validation purposes. Findings: Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor model of the employed student burnout scale: apathy toward employment, exhaustion toward employment, apathy toward academics and exhaustion toward academics. The findings also supported a bi-factor version of the four-factor model. Correlation analyses provided evidence for convergent and divergent validity. Originality/value: The experience of burnout for employed students is unique as employed students balance the demands of work and school simultaneously. This research suggests that experiences of burnout from work and burnout from school may be distinct from one another and that burnout is context specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The appropriate use of language in context depends on the speaker's pragmatic language competencies. A coding system was used to develop a specific and adult-focused self-administered questionnaire to adults who stutter and adults who do not stutter, The Assessment of Language Use in Social Contexts for Adults, with three categories: precursors, basic exchanges, and extended literal/non-literal discourse. This paper presents the content validity, item analysis, reliability coefficients and evidences of construct validity of the instrument. Methods: Content validity analysis was based on a two-stage process: first, 11 pragmatic questionnaires were assessed to identify items that probe each pragmatic competency and to create the first version of the instrument; second, items were assessed qualitatively by an expert panel composed by adults who stutter and controls, and quantitatively and qualitatively by an expert panel composed by clinicians. A pilot study was conducted with five adults who stutter and five controls to analyse items and calculate reliability. Construct validity evidences were obtained using the hypothesized relationships method and factor analysis with 28 adults who stutter and 28 controls. Results: Concerning content validity, the questionnaires assessed up to 13 pragmatic competencies. Qualitative and quantitative analysis revealed ambiguities in items construction. Disagreement between experts was solved through item modification. The pilot study showed that the instrument presented internal consistency and temporal stability. Significant differences between adults who stutter and controls and different response profiles revealed the instrument's underlying construct. Conclusion: The instrument is reliable and presented evidences of construct validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little research has examined the usefulness of positive well-being factors during pregnancy. Recent mindfulness research demonstrates that inconsistencies and the suitability of extant measures have yet to be examined in pregnancy. Effects of gratitude during pregnancy have yet to be examined despite consistently reported benefits in non-pregnant groups. The aims of this paper were to develop the Gratitude during Pregnancy (GDP) scale, validate the Mindfulness Awareness Attention Scale (MAAS) and examine the importance of gratitude and mindfulness during pregnancy. In study 1, 375 pregnant women completed gratitude and mindfulness measures. The one-factor structure of the MAAS was retained and demonstrated good reliability α = 0.88. Using exploratory factor analysis, an 18-item GDP scale was developed, demonstrating good reliability α = 0.89. The four GDP factors are as follows: general gratitude, physical changes, antenatal care and social support. In study 2, 87 pregnant women completed well-being questionnaires, including the GDP and MAAS. Gratitude correlated with positive affect, life satisfaction and pregnancy uplifts ( p < .001); mindfulness correlated negatively with negative affect and pregnancy hassles ( p < .001) and positively correlated with positive affect and pregnancy uplifts ( p < .05). These findings highlight the importance of mindfulness and gratitude and provide a reliable means to measure both constructs during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Assessment of QoL has become an essential component in the holistic care of patients with acne. The Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) is used globally to assess quality of life (QoL) in patients with acne. This study was done to validate CADI in Tamil, as 90 million of the global population are native speakers and Tamil is an official language of several countries. Methods: CADI was translated and validated into Tamil according to published guidelines. The Tamil versions of both CADI and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), was administered to 150 Sri Lankan young adults with acne. The clinical severity was assessed using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). Discriminant validity was tested by comparing the results of CADI with those of GAGS and DLQI, using reliability, validity, Cronbach's alpha, and Spearman's correlation coefficient measurements. Construct validity was assessed by factor analysis. Results: 70% were female, and the mean age was 25.1 (SD, 5.2). The majority (91.3%) had acne of mild to moderate severity when measured by GAGS. CADI-Tamil showed high internal consistency and reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.83). The CADI total score showed a strong correlation (0.86) with that of DLQI. The correlation between CADI and GAGS was low, whereas CADI had a high and significant correlations with the DLQI. The construct validity explained 61% of the variability. Conclusions: The CADI-Tamil is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the QoL of Tamil speaking patients with acne. This tool will help clinicians understand the patient's perspective on acne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Work-family enrichment refers to the extent to which experiences in one role improve the quality of life in another role, and the bidirectionality indicates that benefits derived from work can be applied to family and vice versa. Parent nurses, that is, female nurses who are raising preschool children, play a major role at work and in the family. Thus, work-family enrichment is significant for them. The Work-Family Enrichment Scale cannot be generalized to parent nurses. This study was aimed at developing and psychometrically validating a draft Work-Family Enrichment Scale for Parent Nurses. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,090 parent nurses who were randomly sampled from hospitals with more than 200 beds in Japan. The survey evaluated (1) a draft Work-Family Enrichment Scale for Parent Nurses, (2) the Japanese version of the Work-Family Enrichment Scale, and (3) the Positive Spillover Scale. The scales were psychometrically evaluated for internal consistency, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. Results: Data from 503 participants (age, mean ± standard deviation [range] 35.5 ± 4.96 [23–47] years) were analyzed. Results of exploratory factor analysis, the work to family enrichment direction yielded five factors for 23 items: "emotional fulfillment," "efficiency," "ability to lead," "displaying industriousness," and "self-growth." Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.862 to 0.914. In the family-to-work enrichment direction, there were five factors for 28 items: "help-seeking," "receptiveness," "expansion of one's horizon," "efficiency," and "emotional fulfillment." Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.790 to 0.907. Additionally, the correlation coefficients reporting criterion-related validity were 0.685 and 0.619 with regard to the Japanese version of the Work-Family Enrichment Scale and 0.596 and 0.534 with the Positive Spillover Scale for the Work-to-Family Enrichment Scale and the Family-to-Work Enrichment Scale for Parent Nurses, respectively. Conclusions: The Work-Family Enrichment Scale for Parent Nurses has adequate reliability and validity and can be used as an effective measure to assess the positive aspects of work and family roles among female parent nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Explore the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies used by nursing students between academic anxiety and procrastination. Design: A descriptive correlational design was used. Setting: This study was carried out in the faculty of nursing at the University of Alexandria. Sample: The participants in this study were all students enrolled in emergency nursing during the second semester of the academic year 2021–2022 and a convenience sampling of 654 nursing students. The Sobel test was used as a statistical method to determine the significance of a mediation effect by assessing whether the relationship between perceived academic anxiety and procrastination was significantly reduced when cognitive emotion regulation was included, using coefficients and standard errors from regression models to calculate the test statistic. Tools: Academic Anxiety Scale, Academic Procrastination Scale, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used to collect data. Results: The study found that 46.5% of students reported high anxiety levels, with 40.1% perceiving moderate anxiety and only 11.3% experiencing low anxiety. Moreover, 80.4% of nursing students showed moderate academic procrastination. There is a positive correlation between procrastination and academic anxiety, with Adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies mediating this relationship, according to the Sobel test. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that there is a complex causal and effect relationship between academic anxiety and procrastination. Nursing students may resort to academic procrastination as a means of coping. Therefore, reducing anxiety, correcting maladaptive behaviors, and enhancing adaptive cognitive and emotional regulation strategies could effectively reduce academic procrastination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral problems are a common occurrence among school-age children. In order to develop effective oral health interventions and services, it is essential to determine children's oral health behaviours using an internationally accepted standardised instrument that is child-friendly. However, no instrument currently exists to measure oral health according to the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in Turkish school-aged children. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Oral Health Questionnaire, which includes the components of the theory of planned behavior such as attitude toward children's oral health, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and self-efficacy, for the Turkish population. Methods: This was a methodological–descriptive–correlational study conducted on 298 school children aged 9–10 years. Data were collected using The Oral Health Questionnaire. The data were evaluated using explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, item-total score correlation, and Pearson product-moment correlation analysis. Results: Factor analysis confirmed the five-dimensional structure. The factor loads were greater than 0.30, and all fit indices were greater than 0.90. The model consistency indexes were found to be X2 = 146.95, RMSEA = 0.053, GFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.98, IFI = 0.97, and NNFI = 0.97. The Cronbach's alpha values of its sub-dimensions were 0.71 and 0.80. Conclusions: The Turkish version of Oral Health Questionnaire is considered a reliable and valid instrument that can be used by professionals to determine children's attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and oral and dental health intentions toward tooth brushing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Geriatrics Health Behavior Questionnaire (GHBQ) is essential for assessing health-related behaviors among older adults populations. This study focuses on the translation, cultural adaptation, and psychometric evaluation of the Arabic version of the GHBQ to ensure its relevance and accuracy for Arabic-speaking older adults individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Cairo University Educational Hospital's outpatient clinic. The GHBQ was translated and culturally adapted through a systematic process, including initial translation, back-translation, expert review, and pilot testing. The psychometric properties of the Arabic-translated GHBQ were evaluated using a sample of 200 older adults Arabic-speaking participants. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha (α) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Validity was evaluated through Content Validity Index (CVI), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Results: The Arabic GHBQ demonstrated excellent reliability with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.74 to 0.87 across subscales and ICC values confirming reproducibility (ICC = 0.82). The CVI indicated strong content validity (average CVI = 0.91). EFA revealed a five-factor structure, explaining 72% of the variance, with all factor loadings exceeding 0.60. CFA supported the questionnaire's structure with fit indices meeting recommended criteria: χ²/df = 2.05, NFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.94, GFI = 0.90, SRMR = 0.05, AIC = 140.35, and BIC = 160.22. Criterion validity was confirmed through significant correlations with established health behavior measures (r = 0.63, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The culturally adapted Arabic version of the GHBQ is a reliable and valid tool for assessing health behaviors in the older adults population in Egypt. This instrument can aid healthcare providers in identifying and addressing health behaviors, ultimately improving the well-being of this demographic. Future research should focus on expanding the sample and comparing the GHBQ with other similar tools used in Arabic-speaking populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Effective response and reducing the burden of family care for children with cancer is critical, and China currently lacks a specific assessment tool. Aims: This study aimed to translate and validate the Caregiving Burden Scale for Family Caregivers of Children with Cancer (CBSFC-CC) and then test and implement the tool. Methods: According to the Beaton cross-cultural debugging guide, preliminary Chinese version of CBSFC-CC scale was formed, which was suitable for Chinese language environment and clinical context. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed to verify structural validity. Convergent validity, discriminant validity and reliability were also conducted. Results: A total of 529 family caregivers of children with cancer participated in the survey. EFA extracts and combines four factors and explained 65.80% of the total variation. CFA proved that all the goodness-of-fit indicators were acceptable. The Cronbach's alpha of the Chinese version of CBSFC-CC was.96, and the test–retest reliability coefficient was.95. Four dimensions and 29 items were identified in the final Chinese version of CBSFC-CC. Conclusion: The chinese version CBSFC-CC is scientifically reasonable and has good reliability and validity, which can be applied to the investigation of the nursing burden of family caregivers of children with cancer in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing care to a patient with cerebral palsy can have many negative impacts upon caregivers. This study was carried out to define caregiving burden in the caregivers of cerebral palsy patients and determine the relationships between religious coping, fatalism, and burden of care. This cross-sectional and correlational study included 132 caregivers. Data were obtained using the Religious Coping Scale, the Fatalism Scale, and the Caregiver Burden Scale. It was determined that 18.9% of the participants experienced a heavy care burden. The luck and pessimism dimensions of the Fatalism Scale were positively and weakly correlated with caregiving burden (p < 0.01), while there was no correlation between caregiving burden and positive or negative religious coping styles (p > 0.05). Perception of fatalism explained 10% of the total variance in caregiving burden (R = 0.329, R2 = 0.109, F = 5.195, p = 0.002). It is recommended that caregivers be supported by religious experts to strengthen positive religious coping styles and advisable fatalism perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Critical care nurses who care for postoperative cardiac surgery patients need such specialty knowledge as atrial electrograms (AEGs). An inadequate audit trail exists for psychometric performance of instruments to measure knowledge of AEGs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to revise a previously tested instrument and assess evidence for content validity (content validity index), internal consistency (Cronbach α), and stability (correlation coefficient, r) reliability against the a priori criterion of 0.80. Methods: The multiple-choice response, self-administered, paper-and-pencil instrument was revised to 20 items and named the Drake Atrial Electrogram Assessment Survey (DAEGAS). A panel of 6 AEG experts reviewed the DAEGAS for content validity evidence. The instrument was further revised to 19 items (13 knowledge and 6 AEG interpretation) and tested with 76 critical care nurses from the greater Houston metropolitan area. Results: The content validity index was 0.93. Cronbach α was.51, and test-retest r was 0.74. Cronbach α increased to.60 and r was 0.73 with removal of 3 items: 2 items with a negative item-total correlation and 1 item that was transitioned to a sample question. Discussion: Content validity evidence exceeded the a priori criterion. Internal consistency and stability reliability estimates did not meet the criterion, albeit the latter met the criterion recommended by psychometricians for a new instrument. Recommendations include further development of the DAEGAS to improve internal consistency estimates and testing for evidence of other forms of validity. Reliable and valid assessment of critical care nurse knowledge of AEGs will require improved psychometric performance of the DAEGAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of religiosity on civic engagement in the health sector through giving advocacy for people with AIDs, mental health, cancer and disability. Design/methodology/approach: The authors achieve this aim by proposing a structural equation model, which was derived based on literature. The data collection involved an on-line purposive sampling survey, which targeted young people who intend to work in the health sector. The survey asked about the experience and perception of 610 respondents in Indonesia. Findings: The results indicate that the respondents with high religiosity were identified to be more caring towards those who suffer from mental health, AIDs, cancer and disability. However, the highly religious were less motivated by empathy in conducting civic engagement in the health sector. In this study, the impact of religiosity on civic engagement was found to be stronger for those who identified with low materialism. Originality/value: The study contributes to the discussion on altruistic theory by challenging the widespread assumption that feelings of empathy drive civic engagement. The results extend the discussion on how to promote civic engagement in the health sector for young people with high materialism attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the prevalence of medication errors (MEs) and the factors affecting them among nurses of hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (KUMS) in 2016. Design/methodology/approach: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study. In total, 503 nurses were selected using census method from six hospitals affiliated to KUMS. A self-constructed questionnaire was employed to collect information on nurses' socio-demographic characteristics (6 items), the prevalence and type of MEs (21 items) and their perceptions about the main causes of MEs (40 items). Data were collected from August 15 to October 15, 2016. In addition, nonparametric and linear regression tests were used to describe the descriptive statistics and analyze the data. Findings: The response rate was 73 percent and the monthly reported MEs per nurse was 6.27±11.95. Giving medication at non-scheduled time (28.4 percent), giving multiple oral medications together (22.4 percent) and giving painkillers after operation without physician's prescription (15.3 percent) were three types of repetitive MEs, respectively. Gender, work experience, and having a second job affected the total number of MEs. "Long and unconventional nursing shifts," "changing the dosage of medications for patients under observation due to multiple consultations and different doctors' orders" as well as "failure to give feedback about the causes of errors to nurses by supervisors" were the three prioritized factors for MEs. Originality/value: There is a need to reduce MEs in order to improve patient safety. It seems that in order to reduce MEs, systemic and managerial reforms such as reducing the working hours and workload of nurses, giving feedback about the causes of MEs to nurses, and using initiatives to reduce the stress in nurses are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effects of augmented reality (AR) activities on students' academic achievement and motivation in a biology course. For this purpose, a mixed study was conducted, and a pretest and posttest control group model was used. In addition, the opinions of the experimental group students and the teacher about the AR activities were taken, and classroom observations were made during the study. The study group consisted of 40 (22 female and 18 male) ninth‐grade biology course students. The control group followed the biology course programme, whereas the experimental group students conducted AR activities in addition to the course programme using tablets. Consequently, it was found that the motivation of the students in the experimental group increased more than that of the students in the control group. However, no significant difference was found between the academic achievement scores of the groups. The teacher and the students stated that AR activities might be effective in increasing course success and motivation. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Biology is one of the fields that cover too many abstract and invisible contents.Abstract and invisible course contents cause misunderstandings and low academic achievement.Augmented reality (AR) technology stands out with its visualization feature.AR appears to be an effective technology for making invisible subjects visible and giving concrete examples for abstract content in biology education.What this paper adds: AR activities could positively affect students' motivation in biology courses.Students' perceptions of the augmented reality into classroom are highly positive.AR activities raise students' participation to the course.However, AR does not significantly affect students' academic achievement.Implications for practice and/or policy: More long‐term and interaction‐based AR activities in a school with proper infrastructure might influence students' academic achievement positively.AR materials that have better image quality, more interesting design for students, and more interactivity will increase the effectiveness of instruction.It could be beneficial to use more AR technology when preparing curricula and textbooks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]