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• A new corrosion-resistant experimental system was designed to study SOx absorption reaction with alkaline sorbents. • The SO 3 absorption performance of the three alkaline sorbents was Na 2 CO 3 > Ca(OH) 2 ≈ Mg(OH) 2. • The influence of operating parameters on SO 3 removal had been deeply studied. • The SO 3 absorption variation above 300 °C was similar to the condition without vapor. • The external diffusion control model was established for SO 3 absorption rate. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system can efficiently remove NOx in coal-fired power plant, while raise SO 3 concentration in the flue gas. Alkaline sorbent injection is a major approach to remove SO 3. Experiments were conducted to study the SO 3 absorption performance of alkaline sorbent. The SO 3 absorption performance of the three alkaline sorbents was Na 2 CO 3 > Ca(OH) 2 ≈ Mg(OH) 2. The ratio of SO 3 absorption rate to SO 2 absorption rate for Na 2 CO 3 increased with the increasing temperature. The key parameters on the SO 3 absorption performance of Na 2 CO 3 were studied. The SO 3 absorption by Na 2 CO 3 was increased by 72.7% with increasing temperature from 150 °C to 300 °C, and the temperature had little influence on SO 3 absorption above 300 °C. The increasing SO 3 concentration and decreasing particle size of Na 2 CO 3 enhanced SO 3 absorption. However, when the average particle diameter was less than 50 μm, the SO 3 absorption was no longer significantly increased. The increasing CO 2 concentration slightly reduced the SO 3 absorption. After adding vapor into the flue gas, the SO 3 absorption was obviously increased below 300 °C. The SO 3 absorption variation above 300 °C was similar to the condition without vapor. When reaction temperature was 300 °C or above and reaction time was less than 20 min, external diffusion became the control step for SO 3 absorption. On the basis of external diffusion control model, the mass transfer coefficient slightly increased from 1.68 × 10−3 m/s to 1.75 × 10−3 m/s when the reaction temperature increased from 300 °C to 400 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Energy-cyber-physical-systems improve flexibility in fuel sources & energy products. • Quantitative analysis of improvement in coal-sludge co-combustion is conducted. • Quantitative thermodynamic and economic assessments are conducted. • The heating, cooling, power and compressed air products are stably produced. • Artificial neural network is employed for the prediction of realistic scenarios. The fluctuating energy requirement from time-varying demand changes require flexible power system to respond to the dynamic load balance. In certain scenarios, flexible power systems are necessary to provide high system efficiencies and increase the long-term economic benefits. Therefore, it is important to identify the relationship between energy requirement of a city and/or industrial zone with the dynamics of a flexible power system. In this paper, we evaluate the possible benefits of adopting the energy-cyber-physical-systems (e-CPSs) concept in realization of a flexible closed-loop control power system in case of coal-sewage sludge co-combustion. The case study performance analysis of flexibility, efficiency and economics (FEE) for a 356 MW coal-fired power plant was conducted by means of simulation in Aspen PLUS software. The analysis was based on a specific multifarious model of a dynamic power system with two energy sources and four energy products. The results confirmed that substantial advantages including a more flexible, efficient and economically viable system can be achieved by using e-CPSs based solution in different case scenarios. Moreover, following the analyzed data from the proposed case scenarios, a forecasting model for optimization of the power plant parameters based on the use of artificial neural network (ANN) was established. The results showed that ANN-based approach for predictive model is capable of modelling the complex process within an acceptable prediction accuracy. The study demonstrates that the proposed flexible closed-loop control power system based on e-CPSs concept is able to achieve higher efficiency and economic benefits compared to the traditional approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]