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The following section offers a selection of reproductions from Warren Sonbert's paper archive, now housed at Harvard University (https://harvardfilmarchive.org/collections/warren-sonbert-film-collection), as well as other digital sources. This archival material underscores the extensive exhibition of Sonbert's films during the first decade of the New American Cinema.GraphGraphGraphGraphGraphGraphGraphGraphGraphGraphGraphGraphGraphGraphGraphGraphGraphGraphGraph [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Croatian Musicological Review / Arti Musices is the property of Croatian Musicological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper examined the challenges of maintenance of paper based archival information materials and strategies for enhancement in academic libraries in South East, Nigeria which doubled as the objectives of the study. Descriptive survey research method was used for the study. The population consisted of 277 library staff in academic libraries of government owned institutions. Questionnaire and structured interview guide was used to collect data which was analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Mean scores and standard deviation were used to analyze data generated for the two research questions while ttest was used for the hypothesis. Real limits of numbers were used to determine the bench mark. The major findings of the study showed the challenges involved in maintenance of archival materials to include inadequate funding and tropical climate that breeds insects. The strategies involved in archival maintenance practices include: recruiting adequate personnel in libraries, provision of maintenance policies, adequate funding of libraries for proper maintenance of archives, proper control of insect by the use of insecticides and adequate training of maintenance personnel. The hypothesis tested revealed that there is no significant difference in the mean ratings between the male and female library staff in respect to strategies for maintenance practices of paper based archival paper materials in the academic libraries. The paper recommended that the library administrators should engage qualified and competent staff on the field of Library and Information Science and ICT to ensure adequate maintenance of archival materials in academic libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Restaurator is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The work on a great number of research projects began from the very establishment of the Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planning of Serbia (IAUS) as an independent scientific research organization. On the basis of an insight into the archival materials, this paper will present the first seven Scientific Research Papers (SRP). This paper will give the basic data for each SRP project (title of the theme, names of authors of the project and their collaborators, project orderer, research project duration), titles of papers published in journals, titles of monographs with the scientific projects results and the list of archival numbers of boxes containing the existing documentation.

The article presents information on the effect of simmering on the chemical and mechanical properties of paper. Iron gall ink corrosion of paper threatens to destroy a large portion of historic manuscripts, records and drawings globally. A great deal of effort has been and continues to be, invested in studying and understanding the causes and pathways of iron gall ink corrosion of paper, and the efficacy of various conservation treatments. Among the many traditional treatments, "boiling paper" as a treatment for corroded iron gall ink documents has been used for more than 30 years 68.

This research aims to determine the degree of implementation at the international level of the various paper conservation methods found in the literature. Participating organizations in the survey mainly include national libraries, archives and museums, practicing paper conservation. The results of the survey indicate that the types of objects treated by the majority of the participating organizations consist mainly of manuscripts, archival material, books, maps, topographical drawings and photographic material. The vast majority of the organizations implement at least one of the methods associated with every distinct category of paper conservation methods. Nevertheless, only a limited number of methods per category/step are popular and are implemented to a noteworthy degree. Organizations tend to avoid the extensive usage of chemicals, and apply simple and well-established methods, such as dry cleaning, washing in water, deacidification with calcium hydroxide and paper mending with Japanese paper and paste, instead of complex conservation methods. The results indicate that several deprecated methods are still in use, especially for bleaching. Finally, the wide implementation of many methods that appear to be in use according to the literature review is not documented by the survey results. The three answers with the highest percentages per paper conservation category/subcategory are presented in table form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the behavior of iron elements in prepared iron-gall inks and its influence on paper ageing. It provides a review of literature about the essential qualities of iron gall inks and its properties. Furthermore, the authors present the experimental design of the study including the materials and equipment used, the preparation of samples, and the methodology. Based on the results, the catalytic activity of iron ions in cellulose degradation mechanisms was verified and the relationship between the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and meta-catalyzed oxidation of cellulose was demonstrated.

The article discusses importance of maintenance of archival paper materials for the academic institutions where they are located and for posterity in Nigeria. It mentions archival maintenance practices for paper based archival materials has been under researched in era of global access to information online; and also mentions archival maintenance practices requires controlling of environment to elongate archival paper based materials.

While Stanley Kubrick long sought to make a film about World War II and the Holocaust, he never succeeded. He came very close in his attempt to adapt Louis Begley's Wartime Lies as Aryan Papers between 1991 and 1993. Combining the latest insights in the emerging field of Kubrick Studies, specifically into Kubrick's Jewishness, with the newly available archival material deposited in the Stanley Kubrick Archive at the University of Arts London, this article explores the pre-production of Aryan Papers before considering why it was never realized and then tentatively suggesting, in the absence of any shot footage, how it may have looked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This archive report discusses the files contained in EAA Rowse's papers in the University of Edinburgh's Centre for Research Collections. Rowse was a leading figure in planning education in mid-century Britain who is nevertheless somewhat peripheral in the intellectual history of planning. The article gives a brief biographical overview and analyses the key themes present in the archive, namely Rowse's anxiety about the future and his belief in planning as the only way to avoid a potentially species-ending catastrophe. It contextualizes some of his ideas and examines his conceptualization of the 'composite mind' through a close analysis of the various notes and reports in the archive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the dual-layer technique for the application of a fixative on water-sensitive media on paper. It enumerates the methods used in testing and refining the dual-layer technique with the use of cyclododecane. It mentions the proper way of applying the dual-layer technique to obtain best results. It also offers information on how to remove the dual-layer without affecting the quality of the paper being preserved. Furthermore, it highlights the advantages of using dual-layer waterproofing technique in preserving archival materials.

Paper-based cultural heritage objects are subject to natural deterioration due to internal and external factors, that is, the presence of heavy metals, incorrect conservation, humidity, exposure of the artifacts to pollutants, light, and high temperatures. To contrast the decay of the original objects, it is necessary to study and apply innovative specific techniques, set up novel preservation methodologies, and implement or synthesize new products. As the nanomaterial science field developed over the last decades, the usage of nanomaterials in cultural heritage gained a prominent role. Such an excitement for the novel materials opened the path for an uncontrolled transfer of nanoparticles developed for different applications to paper restoration, neglecting all their possible interactions with the support or the graphic media. The aim of this work was to synthesize new nanomaterials expressly conceived for the treatment of library materials. To evaluate their possible insertion in the official conservation treatments that are subjected to validation by Istituto Centrale Restauro e Conservazione Patrimonio Archivistico e Librario, the new nanomaterials were tested both on laboratory paper samples and on original documents. This work presents the results of these studies (some of which still preliminary) stressing the positive and extremely promising outcomes of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers the author's insights regarding the papers of novelist Bessie Head which were gathered by curator Maria Rytter and stored in Khama III Memorial Museum (KMM). The author states that the Bessie Head papers were the original documents of Head taken out by Rytter from cardboard boxes and were old as KMM originally named Serowe Museum. The author mentions the observations he determined based on the computer files and photocopied correspondence of the papers such as that Head exchanged letters with different people relative to all the potential subjects excluding sex, Head's correspondence manifests either bitterness towards a third party or adversarial against responders and that Head had increased her library of reference and fiction books.

Background: In the context of evidence-based management of historic collections, a damage function combines aspects of material degradation, use, and consideration of material attributes that are important for satisfactory extraction of benefits from user interaction with heritage. In libraries and archives, it has been shown that users (readers and visitors) are mainly concerned with loss of textual information, which could lead to degradation being described as unacceptable, at which an object might become unfit for use and therefore damaged. The contribution explores the development of the damage function for historic paper based on data available in the literature. Results: We have modelled the dose-response function taking into account 121 paper degradation experiments with known T, RH of the environment, and pH of paper. The function is based on the Arrhenius equation and published water absorption isotherm functions for paper. New isoperm plots have been calculated and isochrones have been developed. These are plots linking points of equal expected 'lifetime', i.e. time until an object is expected to reach the state of threshold fitness-for-use. We also modelled demographic curves for a well-characterised research collection of historic papers, exploring the loss of fitness for use with time. Conclusions: The new tools enable us to evaluate scenarios of management of the storage environment as well as levels of access, for different types of library and archival paper. In addition, the costs and benefits of conservation interventions can be evaluated. The limitations of the function are the context of use (dark storage and reading), exclusive focus on the properties of an average paper type, and de-prioritised effect of pollutants; however, the latter can be considered separately. This work also demonstrates that transparent and publically accountable collection management decisions can be informed, and challenged by, effective interaction with a variety of stakeholders including the lay public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the professional writing of women in the transformation phase around 1800. Referring specifically to the woman of letters Helmina von Chézy (1783-1856) and her family, which participated in the literary market over four generations, it asks how authors could use paper(s) as assets or resources. It is shown that writersʼ papers were collected and kept as material evidence of life, that they could be an indicator of financial status and provide insight into financial practices, and that they were used particularly to position oneself (as a writer) and to relate to others. Within changing personal and historical contexts, the writing work of family members was based ultimately, in varying forms and shapes, on the logics of their social relations, lived as well as negotiated and recorded on paper. Thus, the papers used and inscribed in the family can be conceptualized as a multi-perspective kaleidoscope, offering new views on central aspects and mechanisms of writerly economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article sets out to explore the literary aspirations and career of the early post-federation Australian writer William Gosse Hay through the extensive collection of personal papers he left behind him. Hay was born into an affluent Adelaide family in 1875, and attended Melbourne Grammar School and Trinity College, Cambridge, before marrying and settling down to a reclusive life in the Adelaide foothills to begin writing full time. He eventually published six novels and a collection of short stories. Many of these were favourably reviewed, but they failed to attract significant commercial success. After a brief revival of critical interest in his writing after his death in 1945, Hay once again faded from prominence -- remembered only in passing as an enigmatic figure who fell outside of the mainstream of Australian literary production. In tracing Hay's pursuit of literary success and popular notoriety through his personal papers, the article draws on recent archival studies research to explore Hay's career from the 'inside' and considers the role of the archive itself as a factor in his quest for recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hamlin Garland papers first came to the University of Southern California (USC) in 1940 and since then, various library staff, researchers, and student workers have applied different and sometimes conflicting processing strategies over a period of almost 80 years. In 2017, a National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) grant made possible the digitization and description of Garland's correspondence. This gave current USC archivists the opportunity to address some of the issues and threats facing the Garland papers, while also providing new methods of access and discovery to this valuable collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Namibia was one of the final African states to gain independence, a political transformation which was the outcome of a decades-long liberation struggle. The global dimension of the struggle has been duly recognised by generations of historians. As a result, archival materials related to this era - as well as the colonial ones preceding it - are to be found all over the world. Through a discussion of relevant archival collections pertaining to Namibian history - though located outside the boundaries of the Republic of Namibia - this article considers the global archival paper trail of Namibian colonisation and decolonisation. We shed light on the origins of various collections located in South Africa, Europe, North America, and beyond in order to reveal the ways in which the utilisation of such global archivalia can shape our understanding of Namibian decolonisation. This applies to government archives, private collections, institutional solidarity collections, as well as those of international organisations. We then delve into some of the promises and pitfalls of the digitisation of archival records, noting issues of ethics and methodology. Ultimately, we hold that historians must balance both internal and external Namibiana archivalia in crafting our arguments about the past, and we must balance both the merits and demerits of the digital turn in historical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the paper evidences of the scribe called Beryn Scribe whose hand is responsible for the copy of the "Tale of Beryn" in Northumberland, England. It discusses the significance of the physical evidence and the symmetry governing the distribution in medieval manuscripts in allowing scribes to reconstruct impossible collations and construct a production sequence in the outputs of scribes who work on multiple paper manuscripts. It mentions the primary sources of watermarks including Charles Moïse Briquet's published album, Bibliothèque de Genève's unpublished archive of tracings, Gerhard Piccard's print volumes, and the Piccard collection's online database.

Purpose – The authors exploit the analogy between journal peer review and information retrieval in order to quantify some imperfections of journal peer review. Design/methodology/approach – The authors define fallout rate and missing rate in order to describe quantitatively the weak papers that were accepted and the strong papers that were missed, respectively. To assess the quality of manuscripts the authors use bibliometric measures. Findings – Fallout rate and missing rate are put in relation with the hitting rate and success rate. Conclusions are drawn on what fraction of weak papers will be accepted in order to have a certain fraction of strong accepted papers. Originality/value – The paper illustrates that these curves are new in peer review research when interpreted in the information retrieval terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper, like all other cultural heritage materials, degrades over time, but conservation slows down the rate of its deterioration. There is a long history of cooperation between microbiologists and conservators of libraries and archival materials, but current approaches addressing paper deterioration need urgent reassessment to take full advantage of modern microbiological methodologies. The present article discusses what we believe are the current priority research areas in assessing microbial risk to paper heritage, and reports studies on a 13th century Italian manuscript and on Leonardo da Vinci''s Atlantic Codex which illustrate the problems and challenges encountered when dealing with microbial investigations of paper artworks. The potential of using a more advanced microbiological approach is highlighted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article examines the effect of antioxidants on the conservation process of archival materials containing iron gall ink. It provides a review of literature about the nature of iron gall inks and the essential qualities of industrial antioxidants. Furthermore, the authors present the experimental design of the study including the materials and equipment used, the preparation of samples, and the methodology. Based on the results, the authors concluded that the antioxidants had a positive effect in which they were able to reduce the deterioration of paper carrying iron gall ink.

Copyright of Restaurator is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The circulation of early films was highly ephemeral, since films were regarded as consumable, interchangeable objects. Their rapid passage through cinemas, staying for just a few days or weeks, left few traces that can be used to document their movement a century later. Even in the case of films featuring a phenomenally successful star like the Danish actress Asta Nielsen in the burgeoning early cinema market of Australia and New Zealand (known collectively as Australasia or the Antipodes), few records of silent-era distribution or exhibition companies have survived to reveal which Asta Nielsen films they may have imported and screened, let alone what audiences thought of the films they were able to view. Fortunately, the open-access digitization of extensive archival newspaper holdings in New Zealand (paperspast.natlib.govt.nz) and Australia (trove.nla.gov.au) has made it possible to recreate much of the circulation history of many early films, thereby indicating their popularity and relative profitability. Such archival material confirms that Asta Nielsen was a well-known, highly valued star in the Australasian cinema firmament, with nearly two dozen films in circulation over a four-year period preceding the First World War. This article demonstrates how Trove and Papers Past can be used to follow the movement of the Asta Nielsen film When the Mask Falls/Wenn die Maske fällt (1912) through Australasia, contextualize it as part of a much larger phenomenon of Asta Nielsen films in the Antipodes, and situate it within the larger context of Australasian cinema exhibition and distribution in the pre-First World War era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a collection known as the Hornung Papers held at the British West Sussex Record Office, and that portion of the collection that had been digitized and available at the British National Register of Archives (NRA). The author calls the collection a hidden collection, discusses the records of the sugar industry company Hornung & Co. Ltd., and barriers to the cataloging of the collection. The author argues that the digitization of the Hornung Papers collection alone will not bring prominence to its existence.

The article explores the Nina Vance Alley Theatre Papers, held by the University of Houston Libraries special collections. A brief history of director Nina Vance and her work with the Alley Theatre in Houston, Texas is presented. Her contributions to American theatre are examined and include the promotion of American and European classics in theatre repertoire and early work in environmental theatre. Her papers include play programs, early reports on the Alley Theatre, interview tapes and transcripts, and travel diaries.

“... eyewitnesses often err... . If an event suggests some tempting interpretation, then this interpretation, more often than not, is allowed to distort what has actually been seen.” Karl Popper The dismissal, in 1914, of the Belgian neutrality treaty as a “scrap of paper” by the German chancellor has become one of the enduring images of the First World War. Widely used by Allied propaganda during the war, the remark contains certain elements of “myth.” Utilising hitherto untapped archival material, this article examines the final interview between the German chancellor and the British ambassador on 4 August 1914 through the prism of contemporary sources and the later ‘“scrap of paper’ controversy” in the mid-1920s. Beyond the reconstruction of actual events, the article contends that the controversy has epistemological significance for diplomatic historians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on aim to transform how scientists share research results launched a new experiment. Topics include considered eLife is a nonprofit, selective, online as only journal that focuses on the life and medical sciences which announced it will cease accepting or rejecting manuscripts for publication instead offers only peer reviews of manuscripts.

The article reports that immunologist Luk van Parijs was fired from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The school alleged that he had confessed to faking data in one published paper, several unpublished manuscripts and grant applications. Van Parijs's academic future may be shot to pieces. But his scientific past, so far is intact. He has contributed to roughly 40 papers stretching back to 1994, many of them in the blossoming field of RNA interference. None has been publicly labeled fraudulent or retracted. MIT has not said which paper it found to be problematic. Other investigations are continuing. One of the biggest problems in these fraud things says Kathleen Case, publisher at the American Association for Cancer Research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is that the investigations get finished. And the last thing people think of is the journals. Large-scale fraud cases are rare. But scientists whose work is challenged have often co-authored dozens or even hundreds of papers.

Between 2012 and 2013 the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office transferred some 20,000 colonial files from 37 territories to the National Archives in Kew. These ‘Migrated Archives’ had been repatriated to the UK between 1963 and 1994, but only in 2011 were they fully and publicly disclosed as the result of an English court hearing into claims of human rights violations by British authorities during the Mau Mau emergency in Kenya (1952–60). Yet the Migrated Archives contain many records related to the Pacific, including Fiji, Vanuatu (the New Hebrides), the Solomon Islands, Kiribati and Tuvalu. These Pacific records can be assessed in relation to approaches to contested property, public availability, diplomatic sensitivity and the management of official information. They also provide potentially new sources for Pacific historians on the politics of decolonisation in the region and the synergies and contrasts the Pacific shares with other areas of the former British empire. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article describes enzymes in solvent conditioned poultices for the removal of starch-based adhesives from iron gall ink corroded manuscripts. Conservation treatments such as linings and local repairs with starch paste, immersion in water or treatment in humidification chambers have accelerated the decomposition of paper caused by certain iron gall inks. In some cases the ink corrosion has spread, becoming visible as halos around the ink line or as a strike through image on the verso. As there are no valid tests available to determine all the effects of aqueous treatments on iron gall ink, it is necessary to minimize the risks in aqueous conservation treatments, specifically the removal of silk from iron gall ink corroded manuscripts.

A list of historical record groups accessioned to archives within Great Britain during 2008 including the records of parliamentary clerk Basil St. George Drennan from between 1920 and 1960 at the Parliamentary Archives in London, England; the papers of the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection from between 1977 and 2006 at the Hull University Archives in Hull, England; and the papers of the trade unionist Len Edmondson from between 1940 and 2006 at the Tyne and Wear Archives Service in Newcastle Upon Tyne, England.

Describes the archival materials of the National Women and Media Collection at the Western Historical Manuscript Collection at the University of Missouri in Colombia. Approach used by "Miami Herald" editor Marie Anderson in writing about women; Overview of topics about women included in the collection; Fees associated with using the collections.

Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article offers information on the construction of a universal drying chamber for water-damaged library and archival materials at the National Library of the Czech Republic. It provides an overview of the implementation of the three different drying methods which include vacuum drying, vacuum freeze drying and drying in a controlled humidity atmosphere. It notes that books are placed in vertical slacks interleaved by innovative heating tiles to prevent distortion of book during treatment.

This article considers the methodological implications of using digital newspaper archives for analysis of media content. The discussion identifies a range of validity and reliability concerns about this increasingly prevalent mode of analysis, which have been under-appreciated to date. Although these questions do not deny a role for the use of proxy data in media analysis, they do highlight the need tor caution when researchers rely on text-based, digitalized archives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the historical significance of the personal archive of materials donated to the U.S. Library of Congress by Boris Leo Brasol, leader of the Pushkin Society in America. The information presented by the archive about the evolution of the Russian community in the U.S. before World War II is described, noting that Brasol's materials allow researchers to more fully construct an understanding of the Russian Diaspora in America. A history of the Pushkin Society in America is also provided.

This case study manuscript "Suluk alttariqat alssufia", which is kept at the Al-azhar Library in Cairo is documented and treated. The manuscript was made from cotton fibers that may have been used the induction of paper. It's exposure to various deteriorating factors, including neglect and inappropriate exhibition, caused a lot of damage. The unavailability of appropriate conditions at the library, including relative humidity, temperature, light and unsealed storage cases, lead to gathering of air dust particles and aerosols inside the storage rooms. All these factors led to severe damage which resulted in the manifestation of dust and fungi stains formed on the paper manuscript. This research offers a treatment and restoration plan and illustrates the actual scientific procedures that were followed during the restoration and treatment of the manuscript, starting from the archaeological documentation, the analysis and scientific inspection (SEM-EDX, FTIR-ATR) which were carried out to identify the components, and the actual stages of restoration and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hawkins-Simon conditions, which are necessary and sufficient for the viability of input–output systems, are described in many encyclopedias, textbooks and papers, but always without historical details about the philosopher David Hawkins. The rich literature on the history of input–output economics has neglected Hawkins, probably because he spent only a few years among the economists. My paper fills this gap. By using the relevant archival material on Hawkins, Simon, and Leontief, I correct and expand some scarce remarks on Hawkins by Simon and Samuelson. I discuss Hawkins's three remarkable contributions to economics. First, Hawkins's dynamic input–output model in Econometrica in 1948 scooped Leontief. Second, I show how the correspondence between Hawkins and Simon created their famous joint note in Econometrica in 1949. Third, an overlooked chapter in Hawkins's 1964 book The Language of Nature discussed the commodity values of commodities, generalizing Marx's labour values and the Technocrats's energy values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article lists manuscript collections and cataloged material processed by the Georgia Historical Society, including the Charles E. Flanders Papers dating from 1850-1896, the Farr Family Papers dating from 1859 to 1972, and a court summons for former Georgia governor Lyman Hall dated 1786.

Presents a list of the manuscripts/record repositories concerning the history of Great Britain, collected by the National Archives: Historical Manuscripts Commission in 2004.

Copyright of Restaurator is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)