56,279 results
Search Results
2. Comparing Syntactic Complexity: Research Papers Written by Undergraduate Researchers and Published Research Papers.
- Author
-
Zeng, Xiaofang
- Subjects
- *
REPORT writing , *RESEARCH papers (Students) , *RELATIVE clauses , *FACTOR analysis , *ANALYSIS of variance - Abstract
This study compared syntactic complexity between undergraduate students' research papers and published research papers. A 2 (Groups: experts, students) × 4 (Sections: introduction, methods, results, discussions) mixed factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted on each of the following variables: T-unit length, clause density, the frequencies of adverbial clauses, relative clauses, and nominal clauses. The analyses showed there were longer T-units and fewer adverbial clauses in the published papers than in the student papers. Section effects were robust. Qualitative analyses were further conducted to reveal how the student research paper is different from the published papers syntactically. Implications for education were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Prediction and Analysis of Freshman Retention. AIR 1998 Annual Forum Paper.
- Author
-
Zhang, Zhicheng and RiCharde, R. Stephen
- Abstract
This paper tested the hypothesis that certain cognitive, affective, and psychomotor variables were significant predictors of college persistence in the first few weeks of the freshman year. Data for the study involved 462 freshmen, with an average age of 18, who matriculated in the fall of 1997 at a public higher education institution; about 93 percent of the participants were male; the ethnic background of the students was 8l.5 percent white, 8.4 percent black, 5.4 percent Asian, and 3.3 percent Hispanic. About 32 percent of the participants were engineering majors, 17 percent were science majors, and 47 percent were majoring in liberal arts. Dropouts were classified into three groups and were then compared with persisters in an analysis of variance study. Logistic regression identified self-efficacy and physical fitness as positive predictors of freshman retention, while judgment and empathy were negatively associated with persistence. Three reasons were identified for freshman attrition: inability to handle stress, mismatch between personal expectations and college reality, and lack of personal commitment to a college education. Intervention strategies to prevent early withdrawal are also discussed. Four tables summarize some of the data. (Contains 22 references.) (CH)
- Published
- 1998
4. Do Stop Outs Return? A Longitudinal Study of Re-enrollment, Attrition, and Graduation. AIR 1998 Annual Forum Paper.
- Author
-
Ahson, Nancy L., Gentemann, Karen M., and Phelps, Laura
- Abstract
This study examined graduation and attrition patterns of undergraduates who were enrolled in the fall semester but who did not return for the spring semester at a doctoral granting, metropolitan university. A total of 504 of the 1,262 students who enrolled in the fall 1992 semester but who did not return for the spring 1993 semester completed a questionnaire on persistence and attrition. Of the 504 stopouts, 482 were tracked using institutional enrollment files through the fall 1997 semester. As of the fall 1997 semester, 166 of the 482 stopouts were enrolled or had graduated from the institution, while 316 had not returned. It was found that 50 percent of the variance in freshmen persistence and attrition behavior among the stopouts was explained using a regression model containing 13 independent variables. It was also found that 16, 6, and 5 independent variables predicted 70 percent, 32 percent, and 24 percent, respectively, of the variance in persisting and nonreturning behavior among sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Two appendixes provide a copy of the nonreturning students' survey form and survey item correlations. (Contains 20 references.) (MDM)
- Published
- 1998
5. Collegiate Influences on the Civic Values of Students. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.
- Author
-
Rhee, Byung-Shik and Dey, Eric L.
- Abstract
This study, built upon prior work by E. Pascarella, C. Ethington, and J. Smart (1988), examined the influence of college upon the civic values held by students. Data were obtained from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program, a national longitudinal study of college students. Four sets of variables were used: civic values of students in 1985 and 1989; student individual characteristics; measures of college experience; and organizational characteristics of the institution. The within-school model used in the study showed that students who were more involved in college activities had better civic values than those with less involvement. Another finding was that church-affiliated, or more politically oriented, colleges were more effective in developing student civic values than other types of institutions. Six tables and two appendixes describe the variables and the statistics; summarize data and results for civic value factors, a random coefficient model, an intercept-and slopes-as-outcome model, and a one-way ANOVA model; and show proportion of variance in the final model. (Contains 19 references.) (CH)
- Published
- 1996
6. WASP (Write a Scientific Paper) using Excel 9: Analysis of variance.
- Author
-
Grech V
- Subjects
- Biomedical Research education, Peer Review standards, Software, Analysis of Variance, Biostatistics methods, Medical Writing standards
- Abstract
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) may be required by researchers as an inferential statistical test when more than two means require comparison. This paper explains how to perform ANOVA in Microsoft Excel., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The Lasting Benefits Study (LBS) in Grades 4 and 5 (1990-1991): A Legacy from Tennessee's Four-Year (K-3) Class-Size Study (1985-1989), Project STAR. Paper #7.
- Author
-
Tennessee State Univ., Nashville. Center of Excellence for Research in Basic Skills. and Achilles, C. M.
- Abstract
A 4-year longitudinal experiment conducted in Tennessee examined class-size effects on student achievement in kindergarten through grade 3. The Student Teacher Achievement Ratio (STAR) project included more than 7,000 students per year in 79 schools in 42 school systems. Class size categories were: small class (13-17 students), regular class (22-26 students), and regular class with full-time teacher aide. Students and teachers were randomly assigned to class categories. The study found that students in small classes made significantly (statistically and educationally) greater gains than other students. In addition, minority students in small classes benefitted more than minority students in other class categories. It was also determined that gains achieved in kindergarten were maintained through third grade. Analyses showed a continuing, powerful class-size effect in all locations. However, no consistent teacher-aide effect was evident in the study. The Lasting Benefits Study (LBS) had already analysed data from a sample of STAR pupils through grades 4 and 5 in an attempt to determine whether gains STAR students achieved in small classes carried through to those grades. The LBS found that students who were in STAR small classes at least in grade 3 were statistically and educationally ahead of other STAR students. Three appendices include STAR data collection instruments, primary and extended analyses designs, and analysis of variance for cognitive outcomes. (Author/JPT)
- Published
- 1993
8. Freehand drawing activity: a comparison between tablet-finger vs paper&crayon throughout time.
- Author
-
Paule Ruiz, MPuerto, Sánchez Santillán, Miguel, and Pérez-Pérez, Juan Ramón
- Subjects
- *
MOBILE apps , *MOTOR ability , *PORTABLE computers , *GRAPHIC arts , *PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation , *DATA analysis , *RESEARCH funding , *DRAWING , *CLINICAL trials , *INTERVIEWING , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHI-squared test , *CREATIVE ability , *TEACHERS , *ONLINE education , *COLLEGE teacher attitudes , *ANALYSIS of variance , *STATISTICS , *COMPARATIVE studies , *VISUAL perception , *DATA analysis software , *CHILDREN - Abstract
The apps for drawing are present in our children's life. Nevertheless, little is known about the impact of mobile technology on the freehand drawing educational activity. There are few works which are contextualised within short periods of time, with teachers who are not theirs and, in some cases, outside the children's classroom. In this paper, we are focussed on the use of technology on freehand drawing activity. Thus, we have compared the graphics produced by 4- and 5-year-old children with paper&crayon in comparison with those with tablet-finger. Children made the drawings during a planned free-drawing activity, in their ordinary classrooms, with their teachers and during five sessions. Assessment of drawings has evidenced tablet feasibility for making graphics. Nevertheless, with the passing of time, quality of graphics (tablet-finger vs paper&crayons), are nearly matched, demonstrating the low impact level technology has on this activity. In addition, if drawings are analysed specifically according to ages, results have shown that both groups have to develop adaptation strategies of visual perceptual skills and fine motor skills for the touch screen in order to obtain the same quality in the drawings made on both support types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Attitudes towards Computerization in Canadian Universities. Technical Paper #4.
- Author
-
Canadian International Development Agency, Ottawa (Ontario)., Misfeldt, Renee, and Stahl, William A.
- Abstract
This report summarizes the attitudinal portion of a nation-wide survey on the computerization of Canadian universities. Six different questionnaires, each of which contained the same questions on attitudes, were mailed to faculty, deans, admissions, officers, registrars, computer center directors, and other administrators at 63 Canadian universities. The overall return rate for the survey was 28.6%, thus restricting the conclusions that can be drawn from the results. Questions on the 30-item survey were grouped according to instruction, administration, equity, and social impact. Independent variables that were explored included the size of the university, the level of education, and the age of the respondent. Results of the survey showed that, within the university, there were few significant differences in attitudes between variable groups. Overall, there was a positive feeling about computers within the university which cut across all groups. There were differences, however, in the level of positive attitudes among the subjects, with the strongest differences in attitudes occurring between the faculty and the administrative staff. There was a strong tendency for senior administrators to be the most enthusiastic of all, while the faculty were more circumspect about the changes to teaching that the computer will supposedly bring. Data are presented in five tables and four figures as well as a narrative report. The appendices contain a copy of the attitude survey questions, and a table showing the breakdown of the attitude survey data by question. (DB)
- Published
- 1991
10. The effects of 16-weeks of prebiotic supplementation and aerobic exercise training on inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, uremic toxins, and the microbiota in pre-dialysis kidney patients: a randomized controlled trial-protocol paper
- Author
-
Headley, Samuel A, Chapman, Donna J, Germain, Michael J, Evans, Elizabeth E, Hutchinson, Jasmin, Madsen, Karen L, Ikizler, Talat Alp, Miele, Emily M, Kirton, Kristyn, O’Neill, Elizabeth, Cornelius, Allen, Martin, Brian, Nindl, Bradley, and Vaziri, Nosratola D
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular ,Prevention ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Clinical Research ,Kidney Disease ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Renal and urogenital ,Adult ,Aged ,Amylose ,Analysis of Variance ,Biomarkers ,Double-Blind Method ,Exercise ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Humans ,Inflammation ,Kidney Failure ,Chronic ,Middle Aged ,Oxidative Stress ,Resistant Starch ,Zea mays ,Resistant starch ,Inflammatory markers ,Oxidative stress ,Uremic toxins ,Urology & Nephrology ,Clinical sciences ,Health services and systems ,Nursing - Abstract
BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by dysbiosis, elevated levels of uremic toxins, systemic inflammation, and increased markers of oxidative stress. These factors lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is common among CKD patients. Supplementation with high amylose maize resistant starch type 2 (RS-2) can change the composition of the gut microbiota, and reduce markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with end-stage renal disease. However, the impact of RS-2 supplementation has not been extensively studied in CKD patients not on dialysis. Aerobic exercise training lowers certain markers of inflammation in CKD patients. Whether combining aerobic training along with RS-2 supplementation has an additive effect on the aforementioned biomarkers in predialysis CKD patients has not been previously investigated.MethodsThe study is being conducted as a 16-week, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel arm, randomized controlled trial. Sixty stage 3-4 CKD patients (ages of 30-75 years) are being randomized to one of four groups: RS-2 & usual care, RS-2 & aerobic exercise, placebo (cornstarch) & usual care and placebo & exercise. Patients attend four testing sessions: Two baseline (BL) sessions with follow up visits 8 (wk8) and 16 weeks (wk16) later. Fasting blood samples, resting brachial and central blood pressures, and arterial stiffness are collected at BL, wk8 and wk16. A stool sample is collected for analysis of microbial composition and peak oxygen uptake is assessed at BL and wk16. Blood samples will be assayed for p-cresyl sulphate and indoxyl sulphate, c-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostanes F2a, endothelin-1 and nitrate/nitrite. Following BL, subjects are randomized to their group. Individuals randomized to conditions involving exercise will attend three supervised moderate intensity (55-65% peak oxygen uptake) aerobic training sessions (treadmills, bikes or elliptical machine) per week for 16 weeks.DiscussionThis study has the potential to yield information about the effect of RS-2 supplementation on key biomarkers believed to impact upon the development of CVD in patients with CKD. We are examining whether there is an additive effect of exercise training and RS-2 supplementation on these key variables.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov Trial registration# NCT03689569 . 9/28/2018, retrospectively registered.
- Published
- 2020
11. Airborne power ultrasound for paper drying: an experimental study.
- Author
-
Noori O'Connor, Zahra and Yagoobi, Jamal S.
- Subjects
- *
ULTRASONIC imaging , *FACTORIAL experiment designs , *PERMEABILITY measurement , *DOPPLER ultrasonography , *ANALYSIS of variance , *ENERGY consumption , *AIRBORNE-based remote sensing - Abstract
A novel approach for paper drying using airborne ultrasound technology is presented. A unique experimental setup is developed, and a systematic study is conducted using 23 factorial design of experiments and Analysis of Variance. Three controlling factors are considered in the experiments including the initial moisture content, basis weight and refining condition. The outcome of the experiments is compared to a previous work on direct-contact ultrasonic drying of paper. The results confirm that similar to direct-contact, for airborne ultrasonic drying, the basis weight/thickness of the sample is the most important factor in ultrasonic drying and it is followed by the effect of initial moisture content. Using linear regression model, a correlation for predicting the total time of ultrasonic drying is provided. Quality of the dried samples is evaluated, and the permeability measurements confirmed the effect of pore characteristics on ultrasonic drying. The analysis for energy consumption reveals that airborne ultrasonic drying is more efficient at higher moisture contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Detecting Collaborations in Text: Comparing the Authors' Rhetorical Language Choices in the Federalist Papers
- Author
-
Collins, Jeff, Kaufer, David, Vlachos, Pantelis, Butler, Brian, and Ishizaki, Suguru
- Published
- 2004
13. Tensile Experiments on Adhesion Between Aluminium Profiles and Glass
- Author
-
Nyberg, Svein Olav, Robbersmyr, Kjell G., Holm, Jan Andreas, Sanfilippo, Filippo, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Sanfilippo, Filippo, editor, Granmo, Ole-Christoffer, editor, Yayilgan, Sule Yildirim, editor, and Bajwa, Imran Sarwar, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Intelligent Smart Waste Management Using Regression Analysis: An Empirical Study
- Author
-
Rath, Abinash, Das Gupta, Ayan, Rohilla, Vinita, Balyan, Archana, Mann, Suman, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Balas, Valentina E., editor, Sinha, G. R., editor, Agarwal, Basant, editor, Sharma, Tarun Kumar, editor, Dadheech, Pankaj, editor, and Mahrishi, Mehul, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Experimental study of paper drying with direct-contact ultrasound mechanism.
- Author
-
Noori O'Connor, Zahra, Yagoobi, Jamal S., and Tilley, Burt S.
- Subjects
- *
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *ULTRASONIC effects , *FACTORIAL experiment designs , *ANALYSIS of variance , *SURFACE roughness , *GREEN technology - Abstract
A systematic-study is conducted using an innovative technology for paper drying by applying ultrasound mechanism. The advantages include greater energy efficiency, lower drying time and temperature, improvement of the product quality, and it is considered a green technology. The effects of initial moisture content, thickness, and refining condition are studied for different types of pulps (hardwood and softwood) using 23 factorial design of experiments. Analysis of Variance show that in the range of the studied parameters, thickness has the maximum effect on ultrasonic drying time followed by the initial moisture content. In addition, using a linear regression model, a relationships for the total time of drying is provided. The results confirmed that ultrasonic drying is more efficient at higher moisture content and higher thickness of the sample. These results are related to the structural characteristic of the samples such as porosity, pore distribution, and surface roughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Paper-Based versus Computer-Based Assessment: Key Factors Associated with the Test Mode Effect.
- Author
-
Clariana, Roy and Wallace, Patricia
- Abstract
Describes a study that seeks to confirm several key factors in computer-based versus paper-based assessment. Based on earlier research, the factors considered in this study of undergraduates include content familiarity; computer familiarity; competitiveness; and gender. Reports results of analysis of variance that showed the computer-based test group outperformed the paper-based test group. (Author/LRW)
- Published
- 2002
17. That-Nominal Constructions in Traditional Rhetorical Divisions of Scientific Research Papers
- Author
-
West, Gregory K.
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Responding to Free Response Examination Questions: Computer versus Pen and Paper.
- Author
-
MacCann, Robert, Eastment, Benjamin, and Pickering, Samantha
- Abstract
Describes a two-part study involving 14- to 15-year-old high school students in New South Wales (Australia) that compared two modes of responding to free response examination questions: by computer and by pen and paper. Discusses results of analysis of variance. (Author/LRW)
- Published
- 2002
19. Comparability of a Paper-Based Language Test and a Computer-Based Language Test.
- Author
-
Choi, Inn-Chull, Kim, Kyoung Sung, and Boo, Jaeyool
- Abstract
Utilizing the Test of English Proficiency, developed by Seoul National University (TEPS), examined comparability between the paper-based language test and the computer-based language test based on content and construct validation employing content analyses based on corpus linguistic techniques in addition to such statistical analyses as correlational analyses, analysis of variance, and confirmatory factor analysis. (Author/VWL)
- Published
- 2003
20. Interval Estimation of [Omega Squared], the Proportion of Variance Associated with a Set of Fixed Treatments. Iowa Testing Programs Occasional Paper Number 32.
- Author
-
Iowa Testing Programs, Iowa City., Feldt, Leonard S., and Melican, Gerald J.
- Abstract
Experimenters sometimes wish to estimate for a particular dependent variable the proportion of total group variance that is associated with mean differences among fixed treatments or subject classifications. Hays (1981) represents this proportion by the parameter omega squared. A point estimate may be easily computed as a function of the number of treatments, the total sample size, and the mean squares between and within treatments. This paper presents tables which facilitate the construction of 90 or 95 percent confidence intervals for omega squared. (Author)
- Published
- 1983
21. A Model for Using Qualitative Variables as Covariates in the Analysis of Covariance. Technical Paper 266.
- Author
-
Army Research Inst. for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Arlington, VA. and Ross, N. Phillip
- Abstract
The U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences has developed a wide range of statistical models to test hypotheses generated in relation to an equally wide range of measurement and evaluation situations. The randomized block (RB) design has traditionally been a preferred model for much psychological research. The RB has had, however, the stringent requirement that the sample population be strictly defined and stratified beforehand, a requirement more appropriate in a controlled laboratory environment than in many field situations. This technical paper describes the development of an alternative statistical design which provides the advantages of the classic RB method without its operational disadvantages, and which will be useful not only in the area for which it was developed, but in other areas of behavioral science research. The statistical model chosen for comparison and test was a modified analysis of variance (ANCOVA) design that does not require previously selected stratified samples and does incorporate the ability to handle categorical variables: the categorical analysis of covariance (CANCOVA). Empirically, no practical difference was found between the power of RB and CANCOVA when the samples were large. (Author/NG)
- Published
- 1975
22. The Effects of Sequence and Synthesis on Concept Learning Using a Parts-Conceptual Structure. IDD&E Working Paper No. 8.
- Author
-
Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education., Carson, C. Herbert, and Reigeluth, Charles M.
- Abstract
This study investigated the effects of sequence and synthesis prescriptions from the Elaboration Theory by teaching the parts of a microcomputer system based on a parts-conceptual structure. A 2x3 factorial design was used which incorporated two sequences, general-to-detailed and detailed-to-general, and three levels of synthesizer, i.e., no synthesizer, synthesizer first, and synthesizer last. The subjects were 128 eighth-grade pupils who were randomly assigned to the six treatment groups. Each group viewed a slide/tape presentation followed by a paper-and-pencil test on attributes and relationships of 19 concepts. A two-way analysis of variance revealed that the attributes of the concepts were learned equally well by all groups, but relationships were learned better (1) with a general-to-detailed sequence than with a detailed-to-general sequence (p.<05), and (2) with the synthesizer last (p<.01) or no synthesizer at all (p.<05) than with the synthesizer first. Twenty-five references are provided. (Author/RP)
- Published
- 1983
23. The Effect of Three Different Kinds of Feedback: Hint, Correct Answer, and Right/Wrong. IDD&E Working Paper No. 11.
- Author
-
Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education., Feng, Betty, and Reigeluth, Charles M.
- Abstract
Self-instructional booklets simulating computer-assisted instruction (CAI) were used to teach four basic concepts in science to first graders in three treatment groups which received different types of feedback--hints, correct answers, and right or wrong. A control group received neither instruction nor feedback. A multiple-choice test was administered to the 47 students in the 4 groups following completion of the instruction. It was found that the group provided with hints had the highest mean; the group provided with the correct answer had the second highest mean; the group provided with right/wrong feedback had the second lowest mean; and the control group had the lowest mean. The results were inconclusive with respect to the hypotheses as there were no significant differences among the group means. Possible causes are suggested in the discussion that concludes the report. A table summarizing the means and standard deviations, a flowchart showing the hypothesized model of relationships between different forms of feedback, and samples of generalities, practice items, and test items are provided. Lists of 12 references and 10 prior IDD&E working papers are also included. (Author/RP)
- Published
- 1983
24. A Comparative Analysis of Methods for Tactical Data Inputting. Technical Paper 327.
- Author
-
Army Research Inst. for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Arlington, VA. and Fields, Alison F.
- Abstract
Four different methods for inputting enemy situation data--(1) typing, (2) typing with error correction, (3) menus (choosing appropriate entry from a list), and (4) typing with autocompletion and an English option--were compared for speed, accuracy, and ease of use. Thirty-two enlisted men and women, none of whom had used the inputting techniques being studied, were randomly assigned to the four method groups. The subjects acted as intelligence staff entering information about the enemy into a computerized data base. Subjects received free text messages describing enemy actions, extracted necessary information, and entered the appropriate codes into a variation of the Enemy Situation Data Add (ESDA) format of the TOS system. Results indicated that menus were more error free than the other inputting methods; also, menus were popular among the subjects and did not have higher mean times than the other inputting methods. To maximize the benefits of the menus, special attention should be given to the design of an operational menu-based inputting system, particularly with respect to length, display speed, and item selection. Spelling correctors or autocompletion should be considered only for experienced users and in operational settings that specifically require such aids. (CMV)
- Published
- 1978
25. The Effects of Scorekeeping on Student Motivation in a Computer-Assisted Arithmetic Drill and Practice Game. IDD&E Working Paper No. 21.
- Author
-
Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education., Spuches, Charles M., and Reigeluth, Charles M.
- Abstract
This study investigated the effects of scorekeeping on student motivation in a computer assisted arithmetic drill and practice game. A 2x2 factorial design was used which incorporated the four treatments formed by time score (present and absent) and rank score (present and absent). Selected on the basis of their previous experience with the procedure of carrying in addition problems, the subjects were 52 second grade students who were randomly assigned to the four treatments. After a brief introduction and demonstration of the rules of the game, each student could elect to play further rounds to a maximum of 15 minutes. Motivation was measured by the number of rounds elected. An analysis of variance calculated for the number of rounds played indicated that there was no significant treatment effect. Discussion of the results and suggestions for further studies conclude the report. (Author/RP)
- Published
- 1985
26. The Effects of Analogies on Student Motivation and Performance in an Eighth Grade Science Context. IDD&E Working Paper No. 9.
- Author
-
Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education., Curtis, Ruth V., and Reigeluth, Charles M.
- Abstract
Focusing on the achievement and motivational effects of analogies of varying enrichment levels when used with abstract, unfamiliar, and difficult content, this study examined their effects on instruction at the recall and application levels using content consisting of both concepts and principles. The subjects were 123 eighth-grade science students who were assigned to one of three treatment groups for each of six topics: (1) no analogy, (2) simple analogy, and (3) enriched analogy. An instructional booklet and a posttest booklet were distributed to each student, and both immediate and delayed posttests were administered. Analysis of variance revealed no significant main effects on any of the immediate posttests, i.e., recall, application, or total. In contrast, significance was approached or reached on 5 of the 12 delayed achievement test measures, 1 on the recall level and 4 on the application level. The results of this study suggest that, although analogies may not be very useful for either rote remember-level learning or application-level learning, they may often be very useful for creating linkages within memory that would have an important influence on meaningful understanding, long-term retention, far transfer, problem solving, and the skill of analogical reasoning. A 31-item reference list is provided. (RP)
- Published
- 1983
27. Type and Position of Adjunct Questions: Their Effects on Memory and Application. IDD&E Working Paper No. 7.
- Author
-
Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education., Darwazeh, Afnan N., and Reigeluth, Charles M.
- Abstract
This study examined the effects of the type of adjunct questions (use-a-generality, remember-a-generality, and remember-an-instance) and the position of these questions either before the relevant text passage (pre-questions) or after it (post-questions) on the three corresponding performance levels of learning. The subjects were 74 eighth-grade students at a suburban school in Syracuse, New York, and the materials for the learning task consisted of an approximately 450-word passage selected from a social studies textbook for this grade level. Six different treatment groups were used, with each group receiving adjunct questions which varied as to performance level and placement of the questions. The results were analyzed separately for each level of performance as well as for the total test score. None of the effects reached significance for any of the subtests. These results suggest that, in order to optimize learning, the position of the adjunct questions must be taken into account as well as the type of question to be used. An 18-item reference list is provided. (RP)
- Published
- 1982
28. A Comparison of Three Instructional Presentation Formats. IDD&E Working Paper No. 6.
- Author
-
Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education., Keller, Bonnie, and Reigeluth, Charles M.
- Abstract
Inconsistencies in the use of terminology to describe instructional treatments, confounding of discovery and expository methods with other aspects of instruction, and inconsistencies in defining independent and dependent variables within and between studies have all contributed to the lack of definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of different instructional methods. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three instructional methods, i.e., expository, discovery, and a modified form of discovery, Component Display Theory, which incorporated the rule given in the expository lesson using a theoretical paradigm for analyzing the components of instruction. The subjects were 50 third-graders from Syracuse, New York, and a concept taken from beginning set theory in conceptual mathematics was selected as the task. While none of the instructional treatments proved to be significantly better on the overall test incorporating both application and transfer subscales, a few differences did emerge through analysis of the subscale results. The findings indicated that explicitly providing a generality, whether at the beginning or at the end of a lesson, will facilitate performance on applying that generality. A 15-item reference list is provided. (RP)
- Published
- 1982
29. Hypertext, CAI, Paper, or Program Control: Do Learners Benefit from Choices?
- Author
-
McGrath, Diane
- Abstract
Compares the performance of education undergraduates with high or low spatial-skill scores who learned how to calculate surface area using hypertext, computer-assisted instruction, conventional paper materials, or program control. Results are reported for misconceptions, correct problems, time on lesson, enjoyment rating, screens viewed, and nonsequential choices. (20 references) (LAE)
- Published
- 1992
30. Comments to the editor concerning the paper entitled "Reproductive malformation of the male offspring following maternal exposure to estrogenic chemicals" by C. Gupta.
- Author
-
Elswick BA, Miller FJ, and Welsch F
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Male, Mice, Rats, Reproducibility of Results, Analysis of Variance, Estrogens adverse effects, Maternal Exposure statistics & numerical data, Prostatic Diseases chemically induced, Urogenital Abnormalities chemically induced
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Modeling of Insulation Paper Damage in the Assembly of a Solid Slot Winding
- Author
-
Blaz Stefe and Marjan Jenko
- Subjects
Analysis of variance ,breakdown voltage ,design for experiments ,design for manufacture ,dielectrics and electrical insulation ,extended additive model ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Tight assembly of stator windings with no insulation paper damage is a manufacturing challenge. We evaluate different sets of parts according to the following parameters: magnet wire thickness, stator slot smoothness, length of the straight magnet wire after the slot end, and type and amount of insulation cap at the end of the slot. These parameters have discrete values with small differences between them. The damage criterion is the decrease of the insulation paper breakdown voltage after assembly/disassembly of parts, assembled in a small set of designed experiments. Parameter values, i.e., levels at individual experiments are set by an orthogonal experiment matrix. Repetition of each experiment provides statistical significance. Data analysis shows that the additive model alone is not sufficient due to the high correlation of the parameters' influences. We extend the model to include interparameter influences, which we model by adding a virtual parameter. The extended additive model generates parameter values that do not degrade the insulation paper breakdown voltage within the manufacturing process. These values are verified by repetitions of the control experiment.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Measurement equivalence of the paper-based and electronic version of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS): A randomised crossover trial.
- Author
-
Bolzani, Anna, Kupf, Sophie, Hodiamont, Farina, Burner-Fritsch, Isabel, Bausewein, Claudia, and Ramsenthaler, Christina
- Subjects
- *
RESEARCH , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *ANALYSIS of variance , *RESEARCH methodology evaluation , *AGE distribution , *RESEARCH methodology , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *COMPARATIVE studies , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *INTRACLASS correlation , *RESEARCH funding , *CROSSOVER trials , *STATISTICAL sampling , *STATISTICAL correlation , *PALLIATIVE treatment , *EVALUATION ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Background: The Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS) validly and reliably measures symptoms and concerns of those receiving palliative care. Aim: To determine the equivalence of the paper version with an electronic version of the IPOS (eIPOS). Design: Multicentre randomised crossover trial (NCT03879668) with a within-subject comparison of the two modes (washout period 30 min). Setting/Participants: Convenience sample of specialist inpatient and palliative home care patients aged over 18 years with cancer and non-cancer conditions was recruited. Scores were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland-Altman plots and via a mixed-effects analysis of variance. Results: Fifty patients were randomised to complete paper-electronic (n = 24) and electronic-paper (n = 26) IPOS with median age 69 years (range 24–95), 56% male, 16% non-cancer. The ICCs showed very high concordance for the total score (ICC 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00), lowest ICCs being observed for symptoms 'Appetite loss' and 'Drowsiness' (ICC 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.97). Nine of seventeen items had ICCs above 0.98, as did all subscales. No statistically significant mode, order, age, and interaction effects were observed for IPOS total score and subscales, except for 'Communication' (Fmode = 5.9, p = 0.019). Fifty-eight percent preferred the electronic version. In the group 75+ years, 53% preferred the paper version. Only three entries in the free-text main problems differed between the versions. Conclusion: The very high equivalence in scores and free text between the IPOS and the eIPOS demonstrates that eIPOS is feasible and reliable in an older palliative population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Multivariate Optimization of Operational Parameters in Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices for the Determination of Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides.
- Author
-
Beshana, Sheleme, Hussen, Ahmed, Leta, Seyoum, and Kaneta, Takashi
- Subjects
- *
RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics) , *FENITROTHION , *PESTICIDES , *ORGANOPHOSPHORUS pesticides , *ANALYSIS of variance , *ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE - Abstract
The aim of this study is to employ a response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize experimental parameters in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µ-PADs). The independent parameters include concentrations and volumes of acetylcholinesterase, acetylthiocholine iodide, and 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Their effect on mean color intensity was tested and optimized. From the analysis of variance, high regression and fitting values were obtained between the experimental and RSM predicted mean color intensity. Under optimum conditions, satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.9990) in the range of 0.25–16 mg/L was obtained for the studied pesticides. The limit of detection (LOD) varies from 0.13 to 0.27 mg/L; high precision (RSD of 3.8–8.0%), reproducibility (RSD of 7.2–11.0%), and recovery (78–97%) were achieved. The RSM approach has been demonstrated to be more efficient than the traditional approach. It resulted in a µ-PAD system with less amount of reagent usage and better LOD compared with a univariate approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Studentized Range Graph Paper: A Graphical Tool for the Comparison of Treatment Means
- Author
-
Feder, Paul I.
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A Study of the Two-Way Effects of Cover Source Mismatch and Texture Complexity in Steganalysis
- Author
-
Hu, Donghui, Ma, Zhongjin, Fan, Yuqi, Wang, Lina, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Shi, Yun Qing, editor, Kim, Hyoung Joong, editor, Perez-Gonzalez, Fernando, editor, and Liu, Feng, editor
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The efficacy of appropriate paper-based technology for Kenyan children with cerebral palsy.
- Author
-
Barton, Catherine, Buckley, John, Samia, Pauline, Williams, Fiona, Taylor, Suzan R., and Lindoewood, Rachel
- Subjects
- *
PILOT projects , *STATISTICS , *ANALYSIS of variance , *POSTURAL balance , *RESEARCH methodology , *CHILDREN with cerebral palsy , *INTERVIEWING , *POVERTY areas , *FUNCTIONAL assessment , *T-test (Statistics) , *ASSISTIVE technology , *RESEARCH funding , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *STATISTICAL sampling , *DISABILITY chairs , *DATA analysis software , *DATA analysis , *FRIEDMAN test (Statistics) - Abstract
Appropriate paper-based technology (APT) is used to provide postural support for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low-resourced settings. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact of APT on the children's and families' lives. A convenience sample of children with CP and their families participated. Inclusion was based on the Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V. APT seating or standing frames were provided for six months. A mixed methods impact of APT devices on the children and families included the Family Impact Assistive Technology Scale for Adaptive Seating (FIATS-AS); the Child Engagement in Daily Life (CEDL) questionnaire; and a qualitative assessment from diary/log and semi-structured interviews. Ten children (median 3 years, range 9 months to 7 years). Baseline to follow-up median (IQR) FIATS-AS were: 22.7 (9.3) and 30.3 (10.2), respectively (p=.002). Similarly mean (SD) CEDL scores for "frequency" changed from 30.5 (13.2) to 42.08 (5.96) (p=.021) and children's enjoyment scores from 2.23 (0.93) to 2.91 (0.79) (p=.019). CEDL questionnaire for self-care was not discriminatory; seven families scored zero at both baseline and 6 months. Qualitative interviews revealed three key findings; that APT improved functional ability, involvement/interaction in daily-life situations, and a reduced family burden of care. APT devices used in Kenyan children with non-ambulant CP had a meaningful positive effect on both the children's and their families' lives. Assistive devices are often unobtainable for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low-income countries. APT is a low cost and sustainable solution to make seating and standing devices for disabled children in Kenya. The regular use of a postural support device enhanced the children's motor skills, ability to function and participate in everyday activities, reduced the burden of care for the families and promoted the children's social interaction. The postural support devices were highly valued and utilised by the children and families in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. [Tukey's Paper after 40 Years]: Discussion
- Author
-
Brillinger, David R.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. <PAPERS and REPORTS> Educational Effects of Streaming and the Utilization of ICT in English Teaching
- Subjects
analysis of variance ,分散分析 ,ICT ,questionnaire ,online learning ,習熟度別クラス ,streaming ,TOEIC Bridge Test(s) ,t検定 ,アンケート ,t-test ,オンライン授業 - Abstract
At Kindai University, Fukuoka Campus, 1st year students are required to take a TOEIC Bridge test twice a year in April and December, being streamed according to their test scores. Little research has been conducted, however, to analyze the test data so far. In addition, due to the spread of the Coronavirus, the form of English classes drastically changed, i.e. from face-to-face to online from 2020. The effect of this newly introduced method of instruction, however, has not been evaluated, either. In this paper, I will first give a short overview of the old and new TOEIC Bridge tests, explaining the difference of the sections and the score ranges. The main focus of this paper will be to examine the effect of streaming (tracking) to enhance students’ English ability. Another focus will be to examine if teaching online works better than or at least as well as teaching face-to-face. Finally, I will closely look into students’ answers of questionnaire and examine if there is a correlation between their answers and their levels of English.
- Published
- 2022
39. A Biometrics Invited Paper: Logical, Epistemological and Statistical Aspects of Nature-Nurture Data Interpretation
- Author
-
Kempthorne, Oscar
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Comparisons of Paper-Administered, Computer-Administered and Computerized Adaptive Achievement Tests.
- Author
-
Olsen, James B.
- Abstract
Describes study that was designed to compare student achievement scores from three different testing methods: paper-administered testing, computer-administered testing, and computerized adaptive testing. The California Assessment Program (CAP) item banks for grades three and six which this study incorporated are described, and results are analyzed. (43 references) (LRW)
- Published
- 1989
41. A Biometrics Invited Paper with Discussion. Some Aspects of Analysis of Covariance
- Author
-
Cox, D. R. and McCullagh, P.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A statistical approach to calibrating the scores of biased reviewers of scientific papers
- Author
-
Kuhlisch, Wiltrud, Roos, Magnus, Rothe, Jörg, Rudolph, Joachim, Scheuermann, Björn, and Stoyan, Dietrich
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Comparison of the quality of documentation between electronic and paper medical records in orthopaedic trauma patients.
- Author
-
Witkowski, Chris, Kimmel, Lara, Edwards, Elton, and Cosic, Filip
- Subjects
- *
ANALYSIS of variance , *PATIENTS , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *DOCUMENTATION , *T-test (Statistics) , *EMERGENCY medical services , *MEDICAL records , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ORTHOPEDICS , *ELECTRONIC health records , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Objective: The medical record is critical for documentation and communication between healthcare professionals. This study compared the completeness of orthopaedic documentation between the electronic medical record (EMR) and paper medical record (PMR). Methods: A review was undertaken of 400 medical records (200 EMR, 200 PMR) of patients with operatively managed traumatic lower limb injury. The operative report, discharge summary and first and second out-patient reviews were evaluated using criteria designed by a senior orthopaedic surgeon and senior physiotherapist. The criteria included information deemed critical to the post-operative care of the patient in the first 6 weeks post-surgery. Results: In all cases, an operative report was completed by a senior surgeon. Notable findings included inferior documentation of patient weight-bearing status on the operative report in the EMR than PMR group (P = 0.018). There was a significant improvement in the completion of discharge summaries in the EMR compared with PMR cohort (100% vs 82.5% respectively; P < 0.001). In the PMR group, 70.0% of discharge summaries were completed and adequately documented, compared with 91.5% of those in the EMR group (P < 0.001). At out-patient review, there was an improvement in documentation of weight-bearing instructions in the EMR compared with PMR group (81.1% vs 76.2% respectively; P = 0.032). Conclusion: The EMR is associated with an improvement in the standard of orthopaedic medical record documentation, but deficiencies remain in key components of the medical record. What is known about the topic?: Medical records are an essential tool in modern medical practice and have significant implications for patient care and management, communication and medicolegal issues. Despite the importance of comprehensive documentation, numerous examples of poor documentation continue to be demonstrated. Recently, significant changes to the medical record in Australia have been implemented with the conversion of some hospitals to an EMR and the implementation of the My Health Record. What does this paper add?: Standards of patient care should be monitored continuously and deficiencies identified in order to implement measures for improvement and to close the quality loop. This study has highlighted that although there has been improvement in medical record keeping with the implementation of an EMR, the standard of orthopaedic medical record keeping continues to be below what is expected, and several key areas of documentation require improvement. What are the implications for practitioners?: The implications of these findings for practitioners are to highlight current deficiencies in documentation and promote change in current practice to improve the quality of medical record documentation among medical staff. Although the EMR has improved documentation, there remain areas for further improvement, and hospital administrators will find these observations useful in implementing ongoing change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. How to Read a Paper: Statistics for the Non-Statistician. I: Different Types of Data Need Different Statistical Tests
- Published
- 1997
45. Assessing the Reliability of Survey Instruments. AIR 1983 Annual Forum Paper.
- Author
-
Valiga, Michael J.
- Abstract
An analysis of variance approach to estimating reliability is examined. This approach uses an internal-consistency index for estimating the reliability of survey instruments containing ranked items, and is recommended when the relative ranking of item means is of interest to survey researchers. The computation of this index is demonstrated using data from three American College Testing Program surveys: Student Opinion Survey, Entering Student Survey, and Adult Learner Needs Assessment Survey. Eighteen of the 250 postsecondary institutions that utilized these surveys between 1980 and 1983 were studied. Survey records were analyzed using a coefficient reliability procedure available through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The reliability estimate requires little computation, since the mean square values necessary to calculate the estimate may be obtained directly from analysis of variance tables. Since the approach is based on the internal-consistency of raters' responses, only one administration of the instrument is necessary. The major problem in using the proposed approach centers on the treatment of missing data. A bibliography is appended. (SW)
- Published
- 1983
46. Multivariate Analysis in Institutional Research. AIR Forum 1979 Paper.
- Author
-
Carney, Paul
- Abstract
This introduction to the theory and application of multivariate analysis is designed to assist institutional researchers who are interested in using these techniques to analyze issues within their respective institutions. A brief introduction to multivariate theory, consisting of a rationale for multivariate statistics and an overview of selected multivariate techniques, is presented. Applications of multivariate analysis in institutional research, obtained from a review of the literature in the field, are discussed, with particular emphasis given to studies because of their utilization of intrainstitutional, rather than interinstitutional data. The studies described used a variety of multivariate statistical procedures, including multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant analysis, canonical correlation, and factor analysis. Possible applications are suggested in the traditional institutional research areas of students, faculty, academic programs, resource allocation, and institutional evaluation. Additional potential applications of multivariate analysis in institutional research are also suggested, including using discriminant analysis as a classification technique. (SC)
- Published
- 1979
47. Comment on the paper 'Soil microplastic pollution under different land uses in tropics, southwestern China'.
- Author
-
Chia, Rogers Wainkwa, Lee, Jin-Yong, and Cha, Jihye
- Subjects
- *
SOIL pollution , *FILTER paper , *SOIL science , *DISSECTING microscopes , *LAND use , *SUBSOILS - Abstract
Research on soil microplastics is currently at an early stage, and there is no widely approved sampling protocol. Even so, any basic research should minimize errors to ensure that they are not amplified in future research. This paper examines some weaknesses of the original research paper 'Soil microplastic pollution under different land uses in tropics, southwestern China' recently published in this journal. The authors neglected to report the equipment used for soil sampling and did not use field blank samples. There is also a soil layer that was incorrectly named. The type and pore size of filter paper used for filtration during pre-analytical soil sample preparation is very important. In this paper the nature of the filter paper used, and its larger pore sizes are questionable by today's scientists. In addition, the authors in the original paper also overlooked reporting the statistical package used for statical analysis and ensuring if all data sets obey normality, homogeneity, and equality before running the one-way ANOVA test. This statistical step is widely considered mandatory, especially in the soil science community. So, this makes it difficult to trust the results documented. Furthermore, in the original paper, the needle and stereo microscope instruments used to sort microplastic-like materials prior to proper analysis are not reliable. [Display omitted] • A dissecting needle and stereo microscope shouldn't be used to sort out soil microplastics. • Gold-coated filter paper with smaller pore size is better than nitrocellulose filter paper. • The 0–10cm is the top soil layer and 10–20cm is the subsoil layer not a deep soil layer. • The statistical package used for analysis must be documented accordingly. • If the dataset is a normal distribution prior to ANOVA testing, it must be confirmed and reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. A Comparison of Computer-Monitored Group Tests with Paper-and-Pencil Tests
- Author
-
Hoffman, Kaaren I. and Lundberg, George D.
- Abstract
Conventional paper-and-pencil testing was compared to computer-assisted testing on a pharmacy school pathology test. Individual items were speeded in the computer-assisted mode. In addition to responses, the number and pattern of changes in responses were analyzed. True-false, multiple-choice and matching items were used. (JKS)
- Published
- 1976
49. Evaluation of a Confidence Interval Approach for Relative Agreement in a Crossed Three-Way Random Effects Model
- Author
-
Cappelleri, Joseph C., Ting, Naitee, Chen, Jiahua, Series editor, Chen, Ding-Geng (Din), Series editor, Chen, Zhen, editor, Liu, Aiyi, editor, Qu, Yongming, editor, Tang, Larry, editor, Ting, Naitee, editor, and Tsong, Yi, editor
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The Development of Locative Expressions in English, Italian, Serbo-Croatian, and Turkish. Papers and Reports on Child Language Development, No. 13.
- Author
-
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Linguistics., Johnson, Judith R., and Slobin, Dan I.
- Abstract
A study was conducted in 1972-73 in Berkeley, Rome, Dubrovnik, and Istanbul, in order to examine the differences and similarities in the sequence of the development of locative expressions in English, Italian, Serbo-Croatian, and Turkish. The subjects consisted of 48 two-, three-, and four-year-olds in each field site. Groups of three girls and three boys were tested at each of eight age levels, and each child was re-tested four months later. The experimenter, in each case a female native speaker, placed objects on a table and elicited locative expressions from each child. Seven expressions were investigated, corresponding to the English "in,""on,""under,""beside,""between,""in back," and "in front." The total number of different locative notions expressed by each child was counted and correlated with language, age, sex, and time factors. The Guttman scaling procedures were used to establish the order in which each notion was learned in each language. Results suggest that the course of acquisition of these locative expressions in these children includes both cross-linguistic similarities and differences which can be explained by a complex interaction of conceptual difficulty, cognitive salience, and linguistic complexity. (AM)
- Published
- 1977
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.