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Skin being the largest and a protective covering of all our internal organs is susceptible to many harmful environmental factors causing different kinds of bacterial, viral and fungal infections. All the skin disease in Ayurveda has been classified into Mahakushtha and Kshudra Kushtha. Dadru is one among them. As per modern perspective “Superficial fungal infection of skin” is the most common dermatological manifestation affecting up to 15% of world‟s population in all age groups. In present time, antifungal treatment is based on systemic and topical medications which may lead to many side effects and relapse too. Fungal infections are more demoralizing to the patients due to their appearance, recurrence, chronicity, and negative psychological impact. Keeping this fact in mind below mentioned study drafted to focuses on Ayurvedic Shamana and Shodhan Chikitsa in Dadru Kushtha. AIM AND OBJECTIVES –To evaluate the effect of Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa in Dadru Kushtha. MATERIAL AND METHODS- It will be collected from classical Ayurvedic texts as well from previous research works / thesis, Internet sources, research articles and modern sciences text. DISSCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS- On the basis of signs and symptoms we can correlated the Dadru Kushtha to Tinea Cruris. In This case report, a 67 yr old male patient came with complaints of Dadru Kushtha, which is closely similar to the presentation of Tinea Cruris infection. The present case showed significant improvement with Ayurvedic Shodhan, Shaman and Bahiparimarjan (topical) Chikitsa in Dadru.

Pain is described as "an unpleasant, subjective sensory and emotional experience associated with existing or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage," according to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). Suffering results from untreated or ineffectively treated pain. The method of administering medication subcutaneously, which is frequently done by nurses, is associated with discomfort, pain, and injury to the tissue that is being injected. The primary goal of the study was to determine whether using a distraction approach helped children in the immunisation rooms of particular hospitals in Gurugram feel less discomfort after receiving a subcutaneous injection. Materials and Methods: 60 children were chosen by the purposive selection strategy from the hospital Gurugram's immunization rooms. The chosen individuals are then split into two equally sized groups. Results: In the assessment, the experimental group's mean score on the pre-facing rating scale was 6.93, while the control group's was 7.13, with an SD of 1.252. The experimental group's mean score on the post-faces rating scale is 2.00, whereas the control group's is 6.47, with a standard deviation of 1.548. Conclusion : The outcome demonstrates a movement in the sample's level of pain (hurts worse, hurts a lot, hurts a little more, hurts even more, hurts a little, doesn't hurt) in favour of the experimental group. When compared to the control group, it is because of the distraction strategy (an electronic moving toy).

Now a day’s peoples are not conscious about their health. In today's era, obesity is growing very fast due to lifestyle changes. According to W.H.O obesity is the fifth leading risk for global deaths. The double burden of the disease was more observed in lower and middle-income countries. Many diseases arise due to obesity like Diabetes, Hypertension, Heart disease, etc. in modern medicine there is no treatment for obesity. In Ayurveda obesity can be correlated with Sthaulya or Meda Vriddhi. A 42-year-old patient rush to Ayurvedic hospital for better treatment with Sthaulya (obesity), Daurbalya (Debility), Swas krichta (Shortness of breath), Ati-Kshudha, (excessive eating) and Ati-Pipasa (excessive thirst) etc. The patient got a surprising change in his subjective and objective criteria by administering some Ayurvedic medicines and changes in his daily routine.

Non communicable diseases are one of the major challenging issues facing worldwide, especially in developing countries in the 21st century, not only in terms of human sufferings but also its badly affecting the socioeconomic development of the country. According to the WHO report, NCD’s are collectively responsible for the death of around 41 million people each year, equivalent to 71% of all deaths worldwide. Also, they report that if timely intervention is not done for the prevention and control of NCD's, the death rate will increase to 55 million by 2030. Due to the unplanned rapid urbanization, globalisation of unhealthy lifestyles and population ageing, people are more prone to lifestyle disorders such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disorders, cancers, diabetes etc. Being a part of the health-care delivery system, this is the time to re-analyse the health management system and look back at the philosophy of prevention and preservation as the first step to treatment. Ayurveda is the system which focuses mainly on preventive aspects and considered it as prime or foremost objective. Various diet and regimens are mentioned in Ayurveda to maintain good healthy life style such as Dinacharya, Ritucharya, Sadvritta, Pathyaapathya, Aharavidhi, Aharakalpana, Dharaniya and adharaniya vega, Sodhana ,Achara Rasayana, Rasayana etc.Among that, Rasayana tantra is one among the Astanga of Ayurveda which highly stresses preservation of health and prevention of disease. Based on our today’s hurry burry lifestyle, it’s the basic need for everyone to follow and include this Rasayana therapy in our day-to-day schedule to maintain health and prevent various lifestyle disorders. Rasayana is an effective preventive technique towards non-communicable disease.

Ayurveda, the world's utmost ancient science of life, focuses on preventing disease along with treating it. In Ayurveda, Twacha is described as outermost covering and protective layer of the body. Acharya Charaka describes Twacha is the Mula of Mamsavaha Srotas and Upadhatu of Mamsa Dhatu. Twacha is the Adhishthana of Sparshanendriya. Ayurveda describes six or seven distinct layers of the skin, each with its own structure and function. The layers are designed in such a way that each one supports the layer above it. In Ayurvedic classics, various opinions regarding Twacha Uttapati, Twacha Stara and associated disorders are mentioned The seven layers of Twacha proclaimed by Sushruta, corresponds perfectly with the seven skin layers, accepted by western medicine also. Acharya Charaka describes six layers of Twacha and named first two layers while remaining four layers have been described in the term of disease in particular layer. Twak is a reflector of the total health and well-being of an individual. The incidence and impact of diseases of skin are increasing day by day. Disease conditions of Twak cause physical, mental, social andspiritual disharmonies in a person. Hence the necessity of detailed study and analysis of the concept of the Twacha, its Rachanatmak and Kriyatmak aspect is of utmost importance and immense necessary.

Now a day’s importance of beauty is increasing day by day. People are highly conscious for their looks. They  are using various cosmetics not only for treatment purpose but as an essential part of their daily routine, so  natural beauty is getting spoiled due to the harmful chemicals. In modern medical science topical steroids and  cosmetic surgery have been described in the management of Vyanga or melisma. But all these procedures are  complicated technical ones which need expertise help or costly affairs which demands a lot of time and money.  Ayurveda mentions a large number of medicines for skin care including massage with local application of paste  etc. which makes face smooth, soft and glowing.in Ayurveda Vyanga or melasma is a kshudra roga (Minor  Diseases). A 24 year old boy rush to ayurvedic hospital for better treatment with blackish spots, dryness, itching,  and burning sensation but there are no any systemic effects for long days back and earlier he was taken modern  medicine such as steroidal antibiotics drugs. Removing the steroids and antibiotics the patient advised to take  Ayurveda medicines and Mukh Lepa (face pack) for thirty days. Patient subjective criteria, objective criteria  have significant change in before and after treatment without any untoward and side effect.&nbsp

Now a day’s peoples are not conscious about their health. In today's era, obesity is growing very fast due to  lifestyle changes. According to W.H.O obesity is the fifth leading risk for global deaths. The double burden of  the disease was more observed in lower and middle-income countries. Many diseases arise due to obesity like  Diabetes, Hypertension, Heart disease, etc. in modern medicine there is no treatment for obesity. In Ayurveda  obesity can be correlated with Sthaulya or Meda Vriddhi. A 42-year-old patient rush to Ayurvedic hospital for  better treatment with Sthaulya (obesity), Daurbalya (Debility), Swas krichta (Shortness of breath), Ati-Kshudha,  (excessive eating) and Ati-Pipasa (excessive thirst) etc. The patient got a surprising change in his subjective  and objective criteria by administering some Ayurvedic medicines and changes in his daily routine.&nbsp

Ayurveda, the world's utmost ancient science of life, focuses on preventing disease  along with treating it. In Ayurveda, Twacha is described as outermost covering and  protective layer of the body. Acharya Charaka describes Twacha is the Mula of  Mamsavaha Srotas and Upadhatu of Mamsa Dhatu. Twacha is the Adhishthana of  Sparshanendriya. Ayurveda describes six or seven distinct layers of the skin, each  with its own structure and function. The layers are designed in such a way that each  one supports the layer above it. In Ayurvedic classics, various opinions regarding  Twacha Uttapati, Twacha Stara and associated disorders are mentioned The seven  layers of Twacha proclaimed by Sushruta, corresponds perfectly with the seven skin  layers, accepted by western medicine also. Acharya Charaka describes six layers of  Twacha and named first two layers while remaining four layers have been described  in the term of disease in particular layer. Twak is a reflector of the total health and  well-being of an individual. The incidence and impact of diseases of skin are  increasing day by day. Disease conditions of Twak cause physical, mental, social and  spiritual disharmonies in a person. Hence the necessity of detailed study and analysis  of the concept of the Twacha, its Rachanatmak and Kriyatmak aspect is of utmost  importance and immense necessary.&nbsp

Non communicable diseases are one of the major challenging issues facing  worldwide, especially in developing countries in the 21st century, not only in terms  of human sufferings but also its badly affecting the socioeconomic development of  the country. According to the WHO report, NCD’s are collectively responsible for  the death of around 41 million people each year, equivalent to 71% of all deaths  worldwide. Also, they report that if timely intervention is not done for the prevention  and control of NCD's, the death rate will increase to 55 million by 2030. Due to the  unplanned rapid urbanization, globalisation of unhealthy lifestyles and population  ageing, people are more prone to lifestyle disorders such as cardiovascular disease,  respiratory disorders, cancers, diabetes etc. Being a part of the health-care delivery  system, this is the time to re-analyse the health management system and look back at  the philosophy of prevention and preservation as the first step to treatment. Ayurveda is the system which focuses mainly on preventive aspects and considered it as prime  or foremost objective. Various diet and regimens are mentioned in Ayurveda to  maintain good healthy life style such as Dinacharya, Ritucharya, Sadvritta, Pathya apathya, Aharavidhi, Aharakalpana, Dharaniya and adharaniya vega, Sodhana  ,Achara Rasayana, Rasayana etc.Among that, Rasayana tantra is one among the  Astanga of Ayurveda which highly stresses preservation of health and prevention of  disease. Based on our today’s hurry burry lifestyle, it’s the basic need for everyone  to follow and include this Rasayana therapy in our day-to-day schedule to maintain  health and prevent various lifestyle disorders. Rasayana is an effective preventive  technique towards non-communicable disease.&nbsp

In Ayurveda system of medicine ,the whole concept of health and disease, prevention and  management is based on type of constitution and it is rooted through Tridosha theory of Ayurveda. Thus Ayurveda is only applied science which is still in practice having unbroken continuity. Dietetics can be defined as the branch  of knowledge concerned with Diet & its effects on health .According to WHO the enjoyment of the highest  attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being. Ayurveda the “Science of life”  is a system of medicine that utilizes various therapies including diet ,herbal preprations and yoga to restore harmony  balance within the body. It focuses more on the healthy living and well being. One of the main goals of Ayurveda is to maintain health of a healthy individual and to attain the health in the diseased. Diet is mentioned in 3 sub – pillar (sub tripods of life), since it is responsible is for growth & development of the human body. One of the  important concepts in Ayurveda is “Prakriti ”the innate nature of an individual & is determined at the time of  conception itself & remains throughout the life. Knowing of Prakriti helps in maintaining the health and preventing  the disease. Ayurveda prescribes various foods and lifestyles According to one’s Prakriti and suggests that one  should follow these guidelines to prevent various disorders and to promote health. In this era of lifestyle disorders  in order to improve the quality of life & to bring down the cost of health care one should know about his Prakriti & the diet suitable for his body constitution .Here by this paper is intended to explain the concepts of diet in  Ayurveda in a backlight of Prakriti.&nbsp

Nearly 1 million folks annually report taking time away from work to treat and recover from  musculoskeletal pain or loss of function due to overexertion. Osteoporosis is a major and emerging health problem  worldwide. It affects an estimated 75 million people in United States, Europe and Japan combined. Osteoporosis is a  disease that is characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, and disruption of bone microarchitecture:  it can lead to compromised bone strength and an increase in the risk of fractures. There is no actual or relevant clinical  entity mentioned in classics which can be correlated with osteoporosis term coined by contemporary science. In  Ayurveda, Asthikshaya and Asthisaushirya may be discussed in this regard. The etiological factors for Asthikshaya  and Asthisaushirya are assessed on the principles of Ashrayashrayi Bhava and in context of Majjakshaya. According  to Ashrayashrayi Bhava, Asthi Dhatu is the seat of Vata Dosha and Asthi & Vata are inversely proportional to each  other regarding increase and decrease. Increase of Vata leads to decrease of Asthi, therefore causes Asthikshaya.  Asthisaushirya is not mentioned as a separate condition however as a symptom of Majjakshaya. Majjakshaya may  take place after Asthikshaya as per the basic principles of Anulomakshaya. Since there is decrease of bone tissue in  both the conditions, i.e., osteopenia and osteoporosis, it can be considered as Asthi-Majjakshaya attributable to its  core of pathogenesis: 1) degeneration of bone tissue and 2) vitiation of Vata, the classical aspects of Asthi Majjakshaya can be implemented in the disease osteoporosis.&nbsp

Glycomics, the study of entire complement of sugars in an organism, helps to analyze the interaction of sugar with other macromolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acid. Greater structural complexity, nonlinear relationship of glycans with genome, and difficulty in isolation, characterization, and synthesis of complex oligosaccharides pose a significant challenge to glycomics. The isolation of plant glycoconjugates from natural sources is a complex process due to the lack of high-throughput user-friendly tools. Recent chemical advances have opened new and exciting possibilities in obtaining pure and chemically defined glycan moieties. Chromatographic techniques, tandem mass spectrometry, MALDI-mass spectrometry, ESI-mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and carbohydrate/lectin microarray are important tools for glycomics. Glycogene microarrays are useful to identify differentially expressed glycosylation-related genes and to study glycan biosynthesis, structure, and function. Efficient glycoinformatics have considerably enhanced the glycomic research by improving the data quality and reducing experimental costs. Glycans including lectins provide both structural and functional diversity to plants and are useful in transgenic technologies to increase resistance to pathogens and pests. Plant glycomics find their applications in biopharming and biopharmaceutics and provides a novel area of advanced glycome research to understand structure–function relationships of glycans. Unraveling the mysteries of glycomics would indeed be very beneficial as sugars play key role in many biological processes such as signaling, stress responses, and immunity.