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Key Clinical Message: In this paper, we present a case of relieving severe itching caused by scabies with tofacitinib. We show that the tofacitinib can quickly alleviate the itching caused by scabies, and this case may indicate a new option for comprehensive treatment of scabies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Cyclohexanedodecol (CHD) could facilitate the Zn dendrite-free plating/stripping at a nanoscale. The CHD molecules could effectively modify the hydrated Zn(H2O)62+ structure in aqueous Zn ion batteries. The addition of CHD could establish robust protection layers on the Zn electrode surface. The CHD-modified electrolytes exhibit long-term cycling stability. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) can be one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage devices for being non-flammable, low-cost, and sustainable. However, the challenges of AZIBs, including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and passivation of zinc anode during charging and discharging processes, must be overcome to achieve high cycling performance and stability in practical applications. In this work, we utilize a dual-functional organic additive cyclohexanedodecol (CHD) to firstly establish [Zn(H2O)5(CHD)]2+ complex ion in an aqueous Zn electrolyte and secondly build a robust protection layer on the Zn surface to overcome these dilemmas. Systematic experiments and theoretical calculations are carried out to interpret the working mechanism of CHD. At a very low concentration of 0.1 mg mL−1 CHD, long-term reversible Zn plating/stripping could be achieved up to 2200 h at 2 mA cm−2, 1000 h at 5 mA cm−2, and 650 h at 10 mA cm−2 at the fixed capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. When matched with V2O5 cathode, the resultant AZIBs full cell with the CHD-modified electrolyte presents a high capacity of 175 mAh g−1 with the capacity retention of 92% after 2000 cycles under 2 A g−1. Such a performance could enable the commercialization of AZIBs for applications in grid energy storage and industrial energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagenetic fluids is one of the most important reservoir modifiers, their differences can result in various petrography, storage capacity, and geochemical characteristics, so clarifying the diagenetic fluids is vital for understanding dolostone origin. Dolomitization is an important genetic type of dolostone reservoir, the fluid properties differ in different dolomitization, which may lead to reservoir storage capacity changes. Therefore, the identification of dolomitization fluid properties is critical for deeply understanding of dolomitization process and predicting storage capacity. Two types of dolostone are developed in submember Ma55 of Majiagou Formation in northwestern Ordos Basin, with obviously different petrological characteristics and reservoir properties. On the basis of petrological studies such as core and casting thin section observation and cathodoluminescence analysis, the diagenetic fluid properties of these two dolostone are characterized by geochemical analytical methods such as major and trace element tests. The results show that Type-1 dolostone is mainly composed of micritic dolomite, showing micritic structure and algae-rich lamina structure, and accompanied by evaporite minerals and moldic pores. This type of dolostone has a various Mn content, weak to medium cathodoluminescence intensity, high contents of TiO2, Al2O3, K2O+Na2O, Li, and U, and lower content of TFe2O3. The type-2 dolostone is composed of fine-grained dolomite with obvious residual texture of primary limestone, clear brim, and cloudy center structure, accompanied by the existence of intergranular pores. Most of this kind of dolostone have medium-strong cathodoluminescence, higher TFe2O3 content and lower TiO2, Al2O3, K2O+Na2O, Li, and U contents. Moreover, both the two types of dolostone have similar Fe/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios, and a low and concentrated CaO content, whose composition is similar to that of stoichiometric dolomite. The comprehensive analysis shows that the diagenetic fluid of Type-1 dolostone is mainly a high salinity fluid existed in plaster and calcareous sediments in a near surface environment with low temperature. The diagenetic fluid of Type-2 dolostone may be a high salinity brine formed by evaporation and concentration of seawater with normal salinity. The research results will provide a significant theoretical basis for the evaluation of dolostone reservoir quality and the prediction of favorable areas of reservoir distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Prurigo nodularis is frequently difficult to manage with conventional therapy. Given the pathogenesis and refractory nature, we demonstrate a case in which inhibition of JAK–STAT signaling may significantly improve prurigo nodularis. Based on the results, we would like to draw a conclusion that abrocitinib as an inhibitor of Jak is a promising choice for the treatment of prurigo nodularis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Janus electrospun fibers were designed based on all-natural materials. • Multifunctional Janus electrospun fibers were prepared by electrospinning. • Janus electrospun fibers prevent liquid penetration for 17 days. • Multibody dissipative particle dynamics elucidated liquid infiltration mechanism. The liquid barrier is a central component of functional liquid packaging materials and is crucial for encapsulating liquid food. To develop high-performance liquid packaging materials for the long-term storage of liquid food, a strong and stable liquid barrier and the simultaneous integration of diverse functionalities must be realized. In this study, inspired by mussel adhesion proteins, nanoparticles are synthesized through oxidative self-polymerization. Furthermore, electrostatic spinning is used for creating multifunctional electrospun fibers for liquid food packaging, which is inspired by the superhydrophobicity of lotus leaf surface and structures of red blood cells. A unique Janus structure with a thin hydrophilic layer and a thick hydrophobic layer prevents liquid food penetration for 12 (EHN/KN electrospun fibers) and 17 days (KN/EHN electrospun fibers). The liquid infiltration mechanism of Janus electrospun fibers is elucidated using the multibody dissipative particle dynamics method, emphasizing their efficacy in avoiding liquid penetration. Moreover, multifunctional KN/EHN electrospun fibers exhibit remarkable characteristics such as water resistance (water contact angle > 150°), UV-blocking (∼100 %), degradability (70 days in soil), biosafety (∼100 %), antioxidation (> 90 %), antimicrobial (∼100 %), grapes and meat freshness retention properties. Thus, this study provides insights into sustainable, high-performance liquid food packaging for enhanced preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design strategies for the catalytic materials, including defect engineering, morphology engineering, and catalyst compositing, facilitate sulfur supercooling, fast charge transfer, thiosulfate generation, disulfide bond cleavage, tuneable Li 2 S growth, and Li 2 S decomposition enhancement, thereby addressing the challenges of the LSB in terms of high energy barrier and low conductivity of S 8 and Li 2 S, severe polysulfide shuttling and high polarization of Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S deposition. [Display omitted] Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are attractive candidates for post-lithium-ion battery technologies because of their ultrahigh theoretical energy density and low cost of active cathode materials. However, the commercialization of LSBs remains extremely challenging primarily due to poor cycling performance and safety concerns, which are inherently caused by low conductivity of S 8 and Li 2 S, severe polysulfide shuttling, and high polarization by solid Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S deposition. Catalytic materials could facilitate the large-scale practical application of LSBs by overcoming all these challenges. In this review, we investigate the sulfur species evolution in LSBs and explore the roles of catalytic materials in charge/discharge processes, highlighting the catalysis of solid S 8 to liquid polysulfides and solid Li 2 S 2 to Li 2 S. Furthermore, we offer systematic strategies from atomic to macro levels, including defect engineering, morphology engineering and catalyst compositing, to enhance catalysis efficiency in terms of sulfur supercooling, fast charge transfer, thiosulfate generation, disulfide bond cleavage, tuneable Li 2 S growth and Li 2 S decomposition enhancement. The design and availability of the proposed catalytic materials will further advance LSB technology from coin cells and pouch cells to the subsequent commercialization scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of pathogenesis associated with APOL1 polymorphisms and risk for non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not fully understood. Prior studies have minimized a causal role for the circulating APOL1 protein, thus efforts to understand kidney pathogenesis have focused on APOL1 expressed in renal cells. Of the kidney cells reported to express APOL1, the proximal tubule expression patterns are inconsistent in published reports, and whether APOL1 is synthesized by the proximal tubule or possibly APOL1 protein in the blood is filtered and reabsorbed by the proximal tubule remains unclear. Using both protein and mRNA in situ methods, the kidney expression pattern of APOL1 was examined in normal human and APOL1 bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice with and without proteinuria. APOL1 protein and mRNA was detected in podocytes and endothelial cells, but not in tubular epithelia. In the setting of proteinuria, plasma APOL1 protein did not appear to be filtered or reabsorbed by the proximal tubule. A side-by-side examination of commercial antibodies used in prior studies suggest the original reports of APOL1 in proximal tubules likely reflects antibody non-specificity. As such, APOL1 expression in podocytes and endothelia should remain the focus for mechanistic studies in the APOL1-mediated kidney diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity and its related complications pose an increasing threat to human health; however, targetable obesity‐related membrane receptors are not yet elucidated. Here, the membrane receptor CD146 is demonstrated to play an essential role in obesity. In particular, CD146 acts as a new adipose receptor for angiopoietin‐like protein 2 (ANGPTL2), which is thought to act on endothelial cells to activate adipose inflammation. ANGPTL2 binds to CD146 to activate cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), which then upregulates CD146 during adipogenesis and adipose inflammation. CD146 is present in preadipocytes and mature adipocytes, where it is mediated by its ligands ANGPTL2 and galectin‐1. In preadipocytes, CD146 ablation suppresses adipogenesis, whereas the loss of CD146 in mature adipocytes suppresses lipid accumulation and enhances energy expenditure. Moreover, anti‐CD146 antibodies inhibit obesity by disrupting the interactions between CD146 and its ligands. Together, these findings demonstrate that ANGPTL2 directly affects adipocytes via CD146 to promote obesity, suggesting that CD146 can be a potential target for treating obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity and its related complications pose an increasing threat to human health; however, targetable obesity‐related membrane receptors are not yet elucidated. Here, the membrane receptor CD146 is demonstrated to play an essential role in obesity. In particular, CD146 acts as a new adipose receptor for angiopoietin‐like protein 2 (ANGPTL2), which is thought to act on endothelial cells to activate adipose inflammation. ANGPTL2 binds to CD146 to activate cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), which then upregulates CD146 during adipogenesis and adipose inflammation. CD146 is present in preadipocytes and mature adipocytes, where it is mediated by its ligands ANGPTL2 and galectin‐1. In preadipocytes, CD146 ablation suppresses adipogenesis, whereas the loss of CD146 in mature adipocytes suppresses lipid accumulation and enhances energy expenditure. Moreover, anti‐CD146 antibodies inhibit obesity by disrupting the interactions between CD146 and its ligands. Together, these findings demonstrate that ANGPTL2 directly affects adipocytes via CD146 to promote obesity, suggesting that CD146 can be a potential target for treating obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CAR-like membrane protein (CLMP) is a tight junction-associated protein whose mutation is associated with congenital short bowel syndrome (CSBS), but its functions in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CLMP is rarely mutated but significantly decreased in CRC patients, and its deficiency accelerates CRC tumorigenesis, growth, and resistance to all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Mechanistically, CLMP recruits β-catenin to cell membrane, independent of cadherin proteins. CLMP-mediated β-catenin translocation inactivates Wnt(Wingless and INT-1)/β-catenin signaling, thereby suppressing CRC tumorigenesis and growth in Apc Min/+ , azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS), and orthotopic CRC mouse models. As a direct target of Wnt/β-catenin, cytochrome P450 hydroxylase A1 (CYP26A1)—an enzyme that degrades ATRA to a less bioactive retinoid—is upregulated by CLMP deficiency, resulting in ATRA-resistant CRC that can be reversed by administering CYP26A1 inhibitor. Collectively, our data identify the anti-CRC role of CLMP and suggest that CYP26A1 inhibitor enable to boost ATRA's therapeutic efficiency. [Display omitted] • CLMP is downregulated in CRC, and CLMP deficiency enhances colorectal carcinogenesis • CLMP inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling by recruiting β-catenin to the cell membrane • CLMP suppresses CYP26A1-mediated ATRA degradation • CYP26A1 inhibitor enhances the suppressive effect of ATRA on CRC treatment Wu and Zhang et al. identify that CAR-like membrane protein (CLMP) functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC. Mechanistically, CLMP recruits β-catenin to the cell membrane, thereby suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reducing the expression of CYP26A1, which degrades ATRA into less bioactive retinoid, consequently enhancing the response of CRC to ATRA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mutational spectrum and prognostic factors of NRAS-mutated (NRASmut) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are largely unknown. We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 1,149 cases of de novo AML and discovered 152 NRASmut AML (13%). Of the 152 NRASmut AML, 89% had at least one companion mutated gene. DNA methylation-related genes confer up to 62% incidence. TET2 had the highest mutation frequency (51%), followed by ASXL1 (17%), NPM1 (14%), CEBPA (13%), DNMT3A (13%), FLT3-ITD (11%), KIT (11%), IDH2 (9%), RUNX1 (8%), U2AF1 (7%) and SF3B1(5%). Multivariate analysis suggested that age ≥ 60 years and mutations in U2AF1 were independent factors related to failure to achieve complete remission after induction therapy. Age ≥ 60 years, non-M3 types and U2AF1 mutations were independent prognostic factors for poor overall survival. Age ≥ 60 years, non-M3 types and higher risk group were independent prognostic factors for poor event-free survival (EFS) while allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was an independent prognostic factor for good EFS. Our study provided new insights into the mutational spectrum and prognostic factors of NRASmut AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as the root of tumor progression, thus representing an anti-cancer therapy through targeting this cell sub-population. Methods: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) CSCs were enriched by non-adherent spheroid formation analysis. Lentivirus infection was used to stably change gene expression. Cell cycle, EdU incorporation, cell apoptosis, cell viability, ALDH1 activity, spheroid formation and in vivo tumor initiation assays were performed to detect the effects of Cryptotanshinone (CT), a traditional Chinese herb medicine, on the stemness of NSCLC cells. RNA-sequencing combined qRT-PCR and western blot analysis were constructed to explore the underlying mechanism contributing to CT-mediated effects. Results: CT could attenuate the stemness of NSCLC CSCs, as evident by the reduced spheroid formation ability, stemness marker expression and ALDH1 activity. Additionally, CT provoked NSCLC CSCs entry into the cell cycle. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that Hippo signaling pathway was highly enriched in NSCLC CSCs with CT treatment. Further experiments disclosed that CT decreased TAZ (a regulatory master of Hippo pathway) expression via promoting its nuclear-cytoplasm translocation in NSCLC CSCs. Also, overexpression of TAZ partially saved the attenuation of CT on the stemness of NSCLC CSCs. Notably, CT enhanced the sensitivity of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and chemotherapy in NSCLC CSCs. Conclusions: This work reveals that CT attenuates NSCLC CSC stemness, implying the possibility of CT as an adjuvant therapy for NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Bone regeneration is a complex process modulated by multiple growth factors and hormones during long regeneration period; thus, designing biomaterials with the capacity to deliver multiple bioactive molecules and obtain sustained release has gained an increasing popularity in recent years. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel core‐shell electrospun fibre loaded with dexamethasone (DEX) and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) on bone regeneration. Materials and methods: The core‐shell electrospun fibres were fabricated by coaxial electrospinning technology, which were composed of poly‐D, L‐lactide (PLA) shell and poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) core embedded with BMP‐2 and DEX‐loaded micelles. Morphology, hydrophilicity, gradation, release profile of BMP‐2 and DEX, and cytological behaviour on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were characterized. Furthermore, the effect on bone regeneration was evaluated via critical‐sized calvarial defect model. Results: The electrospun fibres were featured by the core‐shell fibrous architecture and a suitable degradation rate. The sustained release of DEX and BMP‐2 was up to 562 hours. The osteogenic gene expression and calcium deposition of BMSCs were significantly enhanced, indicating the osteoinduction capacity of electrospun fibres. This core‐shell fibre could accelerate repair of calvarial defects in vivo via synergistic effect. Conclusions: This core‐shell electrospun fibre loaded with DEX and BMP‐2 can act synergistically to enhance bone regeneration, which stands as a strong potential candidate for repairing bone defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil emulsification is one of the major mechanisms for microbially enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). Although air injection is generally recommended for field trials of MEOR in China, its influence on the microbial community structure in oil reservoirs remains poorly understood, especially activation of emulsifier-producing bacteria. Herein, the effects of air injection on oil emulsification, nutrient consumption, oil properties, and microbial community structures were compared for activated cultures under four different oxygen content conditions: anaerobic, facultative anaerobic, intermittent aeration, and aerobic. The results showed that crude oil in aerobic and intermittent aeration cultures was emulsified effectively when nutrients were thoroughly depleted. The particle diameter of emulsified droplets was 4.74-10.02 μm. High-throughput sequencing results showed that Bacillus and Aeribacillus were effectively activated under aerobic and intermittent aeration conditions, while Tepidimicrobium and Coprothermobacter were activated under facultative anaerobic and anaerobic conditions. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the initial emulsifying effect was positively correlated with the abundance of Aeribacillus pallidus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil emulsification is one of the major mechanisms for microbially enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). Although air injection is generally recommended for field trials of MEOR in China, its influence on the microbial community structure in oil reservoirs remains poorly understood, especially activation of emulsifier-producing bacteria. Herein, the effects of air injection on oil emulsification, nutrient consumption, oil properties, and microbial community structures were compared for activated cultures under four different oxygen content conditions: anaerobic, facultative anaerobic, intermittent aeration, and aerobic. The results showed that crude oil in aerobic and intermittent aeration cultures was emulsified effectively when nutrients were thoroughly depleted. The particle diameter of emulsified droplets was 4.74-10.02 μm. High-throughput sequencing results showed that Bacillus and Aeribacillus were effectively activated under aerobic and intermittent aeration conditions, while Tepidimicrobium and Coprothermobacter were activated under facultative anaerobic and anaerobic conditions. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the initial emulsifying effect was positively correlated with the abundance of Aeribacillus pallidus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African polymorphisms in the gene for Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) confer a survival advantage against lethal trypanosomiasis but also an increased risk for several chronic kidney diseases (CKD) including HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). APOL1 is expressed in renal cells, however, the pathogenic events that lead to renal cell damage and kidney disease are not fully understood. The podocyte function of APOL1-G0 versus APOL1-G2 in the setting of a known disease stressor was assessed using transgenic mouse models. Transgene expression, survival, renal pathology and function, and podocyte density were assessed in an intercross of a mouse model of HIVAN (Tg26) with two mouse models that express either APOL1-G0 or APOL1-G2 in podocytes. Mice that expressed HIV genes developed heavy proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, and had significant losses in podocyte numbers and reductions in podocyte densities. Mice that co-expressed APOL1-G0 and HIV had preserved podocyte numbers and densities, with fewer morphologic manifestations typical of HIVAN pathology. Podocyte losses and pathology in mice co-expressing APOL1-G2 and HIV were not significantly different from mice expressing only HIV. Podocyte hypertrophy, a known compensatory event to stress, was increased in the mice co-expressing HIV and APOL1-G0, but absent in the mice co-expressing HIV and APOL1-G2. Mortality and renal function tests were not significantly different between groups. APOL1-G0 expressed in podocytes may have a protective function against podocyte loss or injury when exposed to an environmental stressor. This was absent with APOL1-G2 expression, suggesting APOL1-G2 may have lost this protective function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renal podocyte is central to the filtration function of the kidney that is dependent on maintaining both highly organized, branched cell structures forming foot processes, and a unique cell-cell junction, the slit diaphragm. Our recent studies investigating the developmental formation of the slit diaphragm identified a novel claudin family tetraspannin, TM4SF10, which is a binding partner for ADAP (also known as Fyn binding protein Fyb). To investigate the role of ADAP in podocyte function in relation to Fyn and TM4SF10, we examined ADAP knockout (KO) mice and podocytes. ADAP KO mice developed glomerular pathology that began as hyalinosis and progressed to glomerulosclerosis, with aged male animals developing low levels of albuminuria. Podocyte cell lines established from the KO mice had slower attachment kinetics compared to wild-type cells, although this did not affect the total number of attached cells nor the ability to form focal contacts. After attachment, the ADAP KO cells did not attain typical podocyte morphology, lacking the elaborate cell protrusions typical of wild-type podocytes, with the actin cytoskeleton forming circumferential stress fibers. The absence of ADAP did not alter Fyn levels nor were there differences between KO and wild-type podocytes in the reduction of Fyn activating phosphorylation events with puromycin aminonucleoside treatment. In the setting of endogenous TM4SF10 overexpression, the absence of ADAP altered the formation of cell-cell contacts containing TM4SF10. These studies suggest ADAP does not alter Fyn activity in podocytes, but appears to mediate downstream effects of Fyn controlled by TM4SF10 involving actin cytoskeleton organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sparked by growing pollution issues, research aiming at a better harvesting of solar energy in photocatalysts for environmental remediation has been thriving. In this study, a novel mixed valence state of Co 2.67 S 4 nanoparticles with full-spectrum-responsive photocatalytic activity had been fabricated via a facile solvothermal route. The as-synthesized samples were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis-NIR diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV–vis-NIR DRS). The photocatalytic performance of as-obtained samples had been investigated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. The Co 2.67 S 4 nanoparticles with the particle size of 5–20 nm could degrade MB with the efficiency of 64%, 84% and 68% under the UV light, visible light and near-infrared light exposure, respectively. Furthermore, a possible photocatalytic mechanism toward the near-infrared region had been proposed to be that the Co 2+ /Co 3+ redox couple played vital parts in the photocatalytic activity of Co 2.67 S 4 . This study provides a novel full solar spectrum-responsive photocatalyst for solar-light utility and environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metastasis associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1), a newly identified oncogene, has been associated with poor survival of cancer patients by multiple studies. However, the prognostic value of MACC1 in digestive system neoplasms needs systematic evidence to verify. Therefore, we aimed to provide further evidence on this topic by systematic review and meta-analysis. Literature search was conducted in multiple databases and eligible studies analyzing survival data and MACC1 expression were included for meta-analysis. Hazard ratio (HR) for clinical outcome was chosen as an effect measure of interest. According to our inclusion criteria, 18 studies with a total of 2,948 patients were identified. Pooled HRs indicated that high MACC1 expression significantly correlates with poorer OS in patients with digestive system neoplasms (HR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.49–2.53) as well as poorer relapse-free survival (HR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.33–2.82). The results of subgroup studies categorized by methodology, anatomic structure, and cancer subtype for pooled OS were all consistent with the overall pooled HR for OS as well. No publication bias was detected according to test of funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s test. In conclusion, high MACC1 expression may serve as a prognostic biomarker to guide individualized management in clinical practice for digestive system neoplasms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tight carbonate reservoir was controlled by various geological factors, and such factors played different roles in buried depths and formations. Therefore, studies related to the factors controlling carbonate reservoir distribution are of great significance for the prediction and evaluation of high-quality dolostone reservoirs. In this paper, we focus on the controlling factor of the submember Ma55 dolostone reservoir in the western Ordos Basin. The main rock types, reservoir pores, physical properties, and pore structure characteristics of the reservoir were analyzed by thin section identification, physical property analysis, and mercury injection, respectively. Then, the main controlling factors of reservoir development were comprehensively analyzed from the perspectives of palaeostructure, lithofacies palaeogeography, diagenesis, and diagenetic facies. The results show that two kinds of dolostone reservoirs in the submember Ma55 developed in the western Ordos Basin, including intercrystalline pore-type and dissolution pore-type. The former reservoir is primarily characterized by powder-fine dolostone with residual structure, dolomite intercrystalline pore, and micropore with porosity ranging from 2% to 11%. There are three types of pore structures developed in it, such as macropore-medium throat-single peak (MAMS), macropore-fine throat-single peak (MAFS), and medium pore-fine throat-single peak (MEFS). The latter reservoir is mainly featured by powdery crystalline dolostone with gypsum and halite dissolution, moldic pore, and dissolved pore between breccias with a porosity greater than 5%. It consists of two types of pore structures, such as macropore-fine throat-single peak (MAFS) and medium pore-coarse throat-multipeak (MECM). The intercrystalline pore-type dolostone reservoir is mainly controlled by the lithofacies palaeogeographic environment and diagenesis. In specific, the shoal microfacies at the edge of the platform and the active reflux seepage dolomitization are the basic sedimentary environment conditions for reservoir formation and the key to reservoir formation, respectively. The dissolution pore-type dolostone reservoir is primarily influenced by both paleostructure and diagenesis. The relatively high part of the paleostructure provides favorable conditions for the formation of evaporate minerals, and early freshwater dissolution is the key to reservoir formation. This research will provide a theoretical basis for forecasting the favorable distribution areas of different types of dolostone reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mesoporous Li4Ti5O12 is prepared via ball-milling assisted solid-state reaction with titanyl sulfate and LiOH as precursors. Different from previous reports, the solid-state reaction route generates mesopores in Li4Ti5O12 by removing the impurities after the high-temperature synthesis process. This technique ensures the formation of well-defined mesoporous structure and ultrafine nanoparticles with the size of around 8 nm. The as-prepared sample shows good rate and cycle performance. At the current density of 1750 mA g−1 (10 C), high initial discharge capacity of 174.5 mAh g−1 can be obtained, which can be retained at 143.4 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles. This facile ball-milling assisted solid-state reaction could be a practical way for the mass synthesis of mesoporous Li4Ti5O12 as high-performance anodes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: To identify primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) patients with arthralgia at risk for osteoarthritis (OA) or arthritis. Methods: This study included 368 pSS patients admitted to a mono-centric from March 2010 to December 2020. Patients were divided into groups according to whether complicated with OA or arthritis. Data were analyzed to determine the differences in demographical characteristics, symptoms, and laboratory examination. Results: The involvement of the OA joints was predominately knee and spine sites (including cervical and lumbar spine degeneration). When diagnosing arthritis, it was mainly peripheral symmetric polyarthritis, the most affected sites were the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints. There were significant differences in age, disease duration, uric acid (UA), and total cholesterol (TC) between pSS-OA and pSS-nOA patients (P < 0.050). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR = 1.965; P = 0.009) and joint pain (OR = 3.382; P < 0.001) were dangerous factors associated with OA. Interestingly, although the level of UA, TC, and triglycerides (TG) was shown to be positive with OA, there was no statistical significance after the OR was computed in the four-cell table. In pSS-arthritis, EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) (P = 0.011), the frequency of joint pain (P < 0.001), and muscular involvement (P = 0.037) were higher than non-arthritis group. In pSS patients only presenting with joint pain, arthritis patients had higher ESSDAI and system involvements, but lower UA and TG levels compared with OA group (P < 0.050). Conclusion: In pSS patients with arthralgia, OA accounted for the majority. pSS patients with advanced age and more pronounced metabolic characteristics, such as elevated blood lipids and uric acid, was a key factor in groups at risk for OA. However, arthritis patients had higher rates of dry mouth and eye, higher disease activity, antibodies positive, and more organs damage. In the future, it may be necessary to be more cautious in the diagnosis of joint manifestations in pSS patients in order to make the appropriate treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Filamin plays an important role in actin cytoskeleton organization, membrane stabilization, and anchoring of transmembrane proteins. Using short interfering RNA (siRNA) to selectively target the filamin A gene and silence its expression, we studied the role of filamin A in G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Silencing of filamin A protein expression was determined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Functional consequences of filamin A gene silencing were measured by studying its role in MAPK signaling pathways activated by the Ca2+-sensing receptor. This work defines filamin A involvement in GPCR signaling pathways and describes an additional method for studying its function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The experimental materials were a 60-year-old tea tree (Camellia sinensis cv. Shu Cha Zao; SCZ) (the mother plant) and 1-year-old and 20-year-old plants of SCZ that originated as mother plant cuttings. The aim of this study was to use high-throughput sequencing to study the spatial and dynamic distribution of endophytic fungi in different leaf niches (upper leaves, middle leaves, lower leaves) and rhizosphere soil on tea plants of different ages in the same garden. Results: Ascomycota (83.77%), Basidiomycota (11.71%), and Zygomycota (3.45%) were the dominant fungal phyla in all samples. Cladosporium (12.73%), Zymoseptoria (9.18%), and Strelitziana (13.11%) were the dominant genera in the leaf. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that endophytic communities in leaves differed from those in rhizosphere soil and different leaf niches had similar fungal diversity. Shannon's indices and NMDS analysis indicated significant differences in fungal diversity and composition among the SCZ trees of different ages (p ≤ 0.01). The abundance of Cladosporium and Zymoseptoria decreased with increasing SCZ age, whereas the abundance of Strelitziana increased. Conclusions: The results illustrate variation in endophytic fungi among different niches on tea plants of different ages. The distribution of endophytic fungi in leaves of C. sinensis shows spatiotemporal variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates and compares large-scale moisture and heat budgets over the eastern rainy sea area around Dongsha, the western rainless sea area around Xisha, and the northern coastland of the South China Sea. Ten-year (2011–20) surface, balloon-sounding, satellite measurements, and ERA5 reanalysis are merged into the physically consistent data to study annual and vertical variations of the budgets. It shows that the surface and column-integrated heat and moisture budgets have the smallest annual evolution over the coastland. The latent heat as a key heat contributor in summer is mainly offset by total cold advection and partially offset by net radiative cooling. The horizontal moisture advection below 700 hPa presents moistening over the sea whereas drying over the coastland during rainy months, in which the vertical moisture advection presents moistening up to 250 hPa for all three subregions. The horizontal temperature advection is weak throughout the year over the sea but displays strong top warming and bottom cooling in summer and nearly the opposite in winter over the coastland. The diabatic cooling with a peak at ∼700 hPa in winter is largely due to the enhanced radiative cooling and latent cooling. While the diabatic heating with a peak at ∼500 hPa in summer is largely due to the enhanced latent heating. The earliest atmospheric heating and moistening occur in spring over the coastland, inducing the earliest precipitation increase. The enhanced heating and moistening over Xisha have a 1-month lag relative to Dongsha, resulting in lagging precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: The state-of-the-art development in electrochemical H2O2 production via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction is reviewed with emphasis on material science, reaction mechanisms, and fundamental factors that govern the reaction route. General principles and strategies for catalyst design are summarized to understand the inherent relationships between the catalyst properties and electrocatalytic performances. Perspectives and challenges are presented to get insights into the large-scale manufacturing of H2O2 via the electrochemical routes. An environmentally benign, sustainable, and cost-effective supply of H2O2 as a rapidly expanding consumption raw material is highly desired for chemical industries, medical treatment, and household disinfection. The electrocatalytic production route via electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) offers a sustainable avenue for the on-site production of H2O2 from O2 and H2O. The most crucial and innovative part of such technology lies in the availability of suitable electrocatalysts that promote two-electron (2e–) ORR. In recent years, tremendous progress has been achieved in designing efficient, robust, and cost-effective catalyst materials, including noble metals and their alloys, metal-free carbon-based materials, single-atom catalysts, and molecular catalysts. Meanwhile, innovative cell designs have significantly advanced electrochemical applications at the industrial level. This review summarizes fundamental basics and recent advances in H2O2 production via 2e–-ORR, including catalyst design, mechanistic explorations, theoretical computations, experimental evaluations, and electrochemical cell designs. Perspectives on addressing remaining challenges are also presented with an emphasis on the large-scale synthesis of H2O2 via the electrochemical route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a naturally occurring macromolecular polysaccharide that exhibits remarkable film–forming and gel–forming properties, and a high degree of biocompatibility and biodegradability. The helical structure of KGM is maintained by the acetyl group, which plays a crucial role in preserving its structural integrity. Various degradation methods, including the topological structure, can enhance the stability of KGM and improve its biological activity. Recent research has focused on modifying KGM to enhance its properties, utilizing multi–scale simulation, mechanical experiments, and biosensor research. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the structure and properties of KGM, recent advancements in non–alkali thermally irreversible gel research, and its applications in biomedical materials and related areas of research. Additionally, this review outlines prospects for future KGM research, providing valuable research ideas for follow–up experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis, characterization and application of the polymers with functional pendant groups have always been hot topics in the polymer field. A kind of functional polybutadiene (HTPB) derivative containing anthryl and azide groups was synthesized by anthracenic acid and HTPB in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and sodium azide via an electrophilic reaction. Furthermore, the HTPB derivative N 3 -HTPB-AN as a macromolecular main chain was reacted with alkynyl-terminated polytetrahydrofuran (Alk-PTHF) and maleimide-terminated polyethylene glycol (Mal-PEG) through "azide-alkyne" and "Diels-Alder" click reaction to obtain a bottle-brush polymer with the HTPB as the main chain and polytetrahydrofuran and polyethylene glycol as the side chains by one-pot. The bottle-brush polymer could self-assemble into uniform nanommicelles in aqueous solution. Meanwhile, the photoregulated fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) exhibited by the interaction of the micelles assembled by the bottle-brush polymer in water with the dye was studied. • A kind of functional HTPBderivative containing anthryl and azide groups was synthesized via an electrophilic reaction. • The functional HTPB derivative can be further synthesized a bottle-brush polymer through click reaction by one-pot. • The bottle-brush polymer can self-assemble into uniform nanomicelles in water and be used as an efficient light-harvesting carrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Multiple system and organ damage occurs with the continuous progression of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), and the lack of specific drugs against this disease is a huge challenge. White peony (WP), a widely used traditional Chinese herb, has been confirmed to have a therapeutic value in pSS. However, the specific mechanisms of WP in the treatment of pSS are unknown. Methods. The active ingredients and their targets in WP were searched on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and disease-related targets were collected from GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). The overlapping targets were acquired by taking the intersection. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was structured using the STRING database. A disease-drug-ingredient-target (D-D-I-T) network was built using Cytoscape software. By filtering twice, core targets were acquired. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were accompanied by R packages. Finally, molecular docking was used to verify the abovementioned results. Results. In total, we screened 88 WP-related targets, 1480 pSS-related targets, and 32 overlapping targets. D-D-I-T Network analysis displayed six main active ingredients of WP, which played a significant therapeutic role in pSS. Further topological analysis selected seven core target genes, including IL-6, TNF, PPARγ, AKT1, CASP3, NOS3, and JUN. GO and KEGG analysis were used to elucidate pharmacological mechanisms, mainly acting in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Molecular docking proved that paeoniflorin bound well with core targets. Conclusion. Our study revealed that IL-6, TNF, AKT1, CASP3, NOS3, and JUN may be pathogenic target genes, and PPARγ may be a protective target gene. The main active ingredients of WP mainly played a therapeutic role via the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. These findings provide a fundamental and theoretical basis for the clinical application of WP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of obesity‐related metabolic dysfunction involves the development of systemic inflammation, largely mediated by macrophages. Switching of M1‐like adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) to M2‐like ATMs, a population of macrophages associated with weight loss and insulin sensitivity, is considered a viable therapeutic strategy for obesity‐related metabolic syndrome. However, mechanisms for reestablishing the polarization of ATMs remain elusive. This study demonstrates that CD146+ ATMs accumulate in adipose tissue during diet‐induced obesity and are associated with increased body weight, systemic inflammation, and obesity‐induced insulin resistance. Inactivating the macrophage CD146 gene or antibody targeting of CD146 alleviates obesity‐related chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Macrophage CD146 interacts with Glycoprotein 130 (Gp130), the common subunit of the receptor signaling complex for the interleukin‐6 family of cytokines. CD146/Gp130 interaction promotes pro‐inflammatory polarization of ATMs by activating JNK signaling and inhibiting the activation of STAT3, a transcription factor for M2‐like polarization. Disruption of their interaction by anti‐CD146 antibody or interleukin‐6 steers ATMs toward anti‐inflammatory polarization, thus attenuating obesity‐induced chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in mice. The results suggest that macrophage CD146 is an important determinant of pro‐inflammatory polarization and plays a pivotal role in obesity‐induced metabolic dysfunction. CD146 could constitute a novel therapeutic target for obesity complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The epigenetic regulator additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) is an adverse prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the mutational spectrum and prognostic factors of ASXL1-mutated (ASXL1+) AML are largely unknown. We aim to evaluate the risk factors influencing the prognosis of ASXL1+ AML. Methods: We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 1047 cases of de novo AML and discovered 91 ASXL1+ AML (8.7%). The Log-Rank test and Kaplan-Meier were used to evaluate survival rate, and the Cox regression model was used to analyze multivariate analysis. Results: In a total of 91 ASXL1+ AML, 86% had one or more co-mutations. The factors that had adverse impact on overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) are defined as high risk factors, including age ≥ 60 years, WBC count ≥ 50 × 109/L, FLT3-ITD mutations, RUNX1 mutations, and absence of AML1-ETO fusion gene. ASXL1 mutations without any risk factor were classified as single-hit ASXL1+ AML; ASXL1 mutations accompanied with one of the risk factors was referred to as double-hit ASXL1+ AML; ASXL1 mutations with two or more of the risk factors were designated as triple-hit ASXL1+ AML. The combination of these risk factors had a negative influence on the prognosis of ASXL1+ AML. The median OS was not attained in single-hit ASXL1+ AML, 29.53 months in double-hit ASXL1+ AML, and 6.67 months in triple-hit ASXL1+ AML (P = 0.003). The median EFS was not attained in single-hit ASXL1+ AML, 29.53 months in double-hit ASXL1+ AML, and 5.47 months in triple-hit ASXL1+ AML (P = 0.002). Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) improved the prognosis of double/triple-hit ASXL1+ AML patients. Conclusions: Our study provided new insights into the mutational spectrum and prognostic factors of ASXL1+ AML patients. Our primary data suggest that the risk factors in ASXL1+ AML contribute to the poor outcome of these patients. The management of ASXL1+ AML patients should be based on the risk factors and allo-HSCT is highly recommended for consolidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasizes mainly to the liver, which accounts for the majority of CRC‐related deaths. Here it is shown that metastatic cells undergo specific chromatin remodeling in the liver. Hepatic growth factor (HGF) induces phosphorylation of PU.1, a pioneer factor, which in turn binds and opens chromatin regions of downstream effector genes. PU.1 increases histone acetylation at the DPP4 locus. Precise epigenetic silencing by CRISPR/dCas9KRAB or CRISPR/dCas9HDAC revealed that individual PU.1‐remodeled regulatory elements collectively modulate DPP4 expression and liver metastasis growth. Genetic silencing or pharmacological inhibition of each factor along this chromatin remodeling axis strongly suppressed liver metastasis. Therefore, microenvironment‐induced epimutation is an important mechanism for metastatic tumor cells to grow in their new niche. This study presents a potential strategy to target chromatin remodeling in metastatic cancer and the promise of repurposing drugs to treat metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) are involved in tumor progression and the immune modulation process and mediate intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment. Although exosomes are considered promising liquid biomarkers for disease diagnosis, it is difficult to discriminate TEXs and to develop TEX-based predictive biomarkers.Methods: In this study, the gene expression profiles and clinical information were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, IMvigor210 cohorts, and six independent Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. A TEXs-associated signature named TEXscore was established to predict overall survival in multiple cancer types and in patients undergoing immune checkpoint blockade therapies.Results: Based on exosome-associated genes, we first constructed a tumor-derived exosome signature named TEXscore using a principal component analysis algorithm. In single-cell RNA-sequencing data analysis, ascending TEXscore was associated with disease progression and poor clinical outcomes. In the TCGA Pan-Cancer cohort, TEXscore was elevated in tumor samples rather than in normal tissues, thereby serving as a reliable biomarker to distinguish cancer from non-cancer sources. Moreover, high TEXscore was associated with shorter overall survival across 12 cancer types. TEXscore showed great potential in predicting immunotherapy response in melanoma, urothelial cancer, and renal cancer. The immunosuppressive microenvironment characterized by macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells was associated with high TEXscore in the TCGA and immunotherapy cohorts. Besides, TEXscore-associated miRNAs and gene mutations were also identified. Further experimental research will facilitate the extending of TEXscore in tumor-associated exosomes.Conclusions: TEXscore capturing tumor-derived exosome features might be a robust biomarker for prognosis and treatment responses in independent cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The genus Rhododendron L. has been widely cultivated for hundreds of years around the world. Members of this genus are known for great ornamental and medicinal value. Owing to advances in sequencing technology, genomes and transcriptomes of members of the Rhododendron genus have been sequenced and published by various laboratories. With increasing amounts of omics data available, a centralized platform is necessary for effective storage, analysis, and integration of these large-scale datasets to ensure consistency, independence, and maintainability. Results: Here, we report our development of the Rhododendron Plant Genome Database (RPGD; http://bioinfor.kib.ac.cn/RPGD/), which represents the first comprehensive database of Rhododendron genomics information. It includes large amounts of omics data, including genome sequence assemblies for R. delavayi, R. williamsianum, and R. simsii, gene expression profiles derived from public RNA-Seq data, functional annotations, gene families, transcription factor identification, gene homology, simple sequence repeats, and chloroplast genome. Additionally, many useful tools, including BLAST, JBrowse, Orthologous Groups, Genome Synteny Browser, Flanking Sequence Finder, Expression Heatmap, and Batch Download were integrated into the platform. Conclusions: RPGD is designed to be a comprehensive and helpful platform for all Rhododendron researchers. Believe that RPGD will be an indispensable hub for Rhododendron studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Relapse is a major obstacle in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Refinement of risk stratification may aid the identification of patients who are likely to relapse. Abnormal cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 (CSRP2) has been implicated in various cancers, but its function remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of CSRP2 in predicting adult AML recurrence. Methods: RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of CSRP2 in 193 newly diagnosed adult AML patients and 44 healthy controls. The competitive risk model was used to calculate the cumulative incidence of relapse rate (CIR), Kaplan–Meier to calculate the relapse-free survival rate (RFS), and the Cox regression model to perform multivariate analysis. Viral transfection was used to construct AML cell lines with stable knockdown of CSRP2, CCK8 to detect proliferation and drug resistance, flow cytometry to detect cell cycle and apoptosis, and Western blot to detect key molecules in signaling pathways. Results: CSRP2 transcript levels were higher in 193 adult AML compared with 44 healthy controls. In 149 patients who achieved complete remission, those with high CSRP2 transcript levels displayed a lower 2-year CIR and higher 2-year RFS, especially when receiving only chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis, a high CSRP2 transcript level was independently associated with a better RFS. Knockdown of CSRP2 promoted proliferation and cell cycle progression, and reduced chemosensitivity. Western blot analysis showed upregulation of p-AKT and p-CREB in CSRP2-knockdown AML cell lines. Inhibition assays suggested these two signaling pathways participated in the CSRP2-mediated proliferation effects in AML cell lines. Conclusion: In summary, CSRP2 correlates with relapse in adult AML. Down-regulation of CSRP2 could promote the proliferation of AML cell lines by regulating the AKT and CREB signaling pathways. Therefore, CSRP2 may provide prognostic significance and potential therapeutic targets in the management of AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• EBV infection increases the risk of autoimmune disease and lymphoma. • Infection with EBV contributes to the pathophysiology of pSS. • Mechanisms of EBV infection cause an increased risk of lymphoma in individuals with pSS. Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that targets exocrine glands, leading to exocrine dysfunction. Due to its propensity to infect epithelial and B cells, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is hypothesized to be related with pSS. Through molecular mimicry, the synthesis of specific antigens, and the release of inflammatory cytokines, EBV contributes to the development of pSS. Lymphoma is the most lethal outcome of EBV infection and the development of pSS. As a population-wide virus, EBV has had a significant role in the development of lymphoma in people with pSS. In the review, we will discuss the possible causes of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • N-enriched hydrochar was obtained by single-step co-hydrothermal treatment of d -glucose and urea. • Porous carbons with high nitrogen content ranging from 6.20 to 12.17 wt% were synthesized by KOH activation. • d -Glucose derived carbon exhibits high CO 2 uptake, 6.70 mmol/g at 0 °C and 1 bar. • N-doped porous carbons adsorbed CO 2 rapidly and had excellent cyclability. • Nitrogen content and volume of narrow micropore are key factors in deciding CO 2 uptake. Abstract In this study, nitrogen-enriched porous carbonaceous sorbents were successfully prepared by co-hydrothermal treatment of d -glucose and urea, followed by KOH activation under different conditions. Using this new synthesis strategy, the as-prepared adsorbents show a high nitrogen content ranging from 6.20 to 12.17 wt%. In addition, these sorbents also have highly developed porous texture including high narrow microporosity. The optimal sample exhibits the high CO 2 uptake of 4.26 and 6.70 mmol/g at 25 and 0 °C, respectively, at 1 bar. Additional study finds that both narrow micropores and nitrogen content are important in deciding the CO 2 adsorption ability for these adsorbents under ambient conditions. Besides the high CO 2 adsorption ability, these adsorbents also demonstrate stable recyclability, high selectivity of CO 2 over N 2 , suitable heat of adsorption, rapid adsorption kinetics, as well as excellent dynamic CO 2 uptake. The above-mentioned excellent CO 2 adsorption performance together with the low cost of precursor and facile synthesis strategy prove that these glucose-based porous carbonaceous sorbents are a potential candidate for industrial capture of CO 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a validated molecular target in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the clinical benefits of ALK inhibitors are almost universally limited by the emergence of drug resistance. Methods: We monitored the plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) using captured-based ultra-deep sequencing analysis of one patient with metastatic ALK-positive NSCLC who had received therapies including first-, second- and third-generation ALK inhibitors. Functional in vitro studies were further undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of resistance. Results: ALK T1151Sins mutation was detected when the patient developed resistance to ceritinib, and undetectable when she responded to lorlatinib. MET amplification was present when the tumor developed resistance to lorlatinib, and reduced when the patient received combination therapy of lorlatinib with crizotinib, which corresponded to clinical radiologic responses. In addition, further functional in vitro studies demonstrated that ALK harboring the T1151Sins mutation, while conferring resistance to ceritinib, was inhibited by lorlatinib. Conclusions: Clinical evidence and in vitro validation revealed the clinical usefulness of captured-base ultra-deep sequencing on longitudinal plasma ctDNA in revealing the underlying resistance mechanism and guiding the precise administration of ALK inhibitors in patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent and peroxidation-driven form of cell death associated with multiple metabolic disorders and disrupted homeostasis. A number of metabolic processes and homeostasis are affected by ferroptosis. The molecules that regulate ferroptosis are involved in metabolic pathways that regulate cysteine exploitation, glutathione state, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate function, lipid peroxidation and iron homeostasis. The present review summarizes the metabolic networks involved in ferroptosis based on previous studies, and discusses the function of ferroptosis in pathological processes, including cancer. Finally, the clinical significance of ferroptosis is highlighted, to provide evidence for further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat yellow mosaic disease (WYM) became more serious in China in the recent years. Cultivation of resistant varieties is the major strategy for disease control. To identify WYM resistant genes in Chinese wheat cultivar 'Yining Xiaomai', a population of 106 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from a cross between Yining Xiaomai and Zhen 9523 (WYM-susceptible) was generated. Phenotypic data of WYM resistance of the RILs were collected over three successive years in a naturally infected field nursery. A linkage map consisting of 29 genetic linkage groups involving 144 SSR or EST markers was constructed, using the JoinMap 4.0 software. By composite interval mapping using IciMapping 4.0, a stable major QTL associated with WYM resistance, designated QYm.nau- 2D, was mapped to chromosome 2D which explained up to 93.2 % of the phenotypic variance. More linkage markers including 11 SNP and 11 STS markers were developed to saturate the QYm.nau- 2D region. The presence of WYM resistance was further validated using a resistant RIL derived F population consisting 318 lines. A high resolution map at QYm.nau- 2D region was re-constructed which established a basis for map-based cloning of the resistant gene. Four markers were validated to be diagnostic markers to discriminate 195 breeding lines with known pedigree. These markers could be used in marker-assisted selection to breeding WYM resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional heterogeneous polycrystalline layered oxides suffer from serious chemo-mechanical degradations, which is extremely true in nickel-rich cathodes under high-voltage operation. Although single-crystalline structure is proved to be able to withstand anisotropic lattice strain and prevent cracks formation, the long cycle stability at high-voltage in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with nickel-rich layered oxides as the cathode are still far from commercial applications. Herein, we synthesize a micro-sized single-crystalline nickel-rich oxides LiNi 0.83 Co 0.11 Mn 0.06 O 2 (SC–N83) to eliminate the chemo-mechanical failures. The well-dispersed SC-N83 in the ASSBs delivers an excellent cyclic stability under high-voltage (4.4 V vs Li/Li+) operation, which shows a capacity retention of 85.1% after 500 cycles at 0.5C. Even at high active areal loading of 22.6 cm−2 (corresponding to an initial areal capacity of 4.19 mAh cm−2) and high temperature of 50 °C, the SC-N83 cathodes can still maintain 75.5% discharge capacity after 200 cycles at 0.5C. The high cycling stability is further proved to be attributed to dramatically suppressed mechanical failure caused by the build-up of strain and stress. This proposed strategy with highly dispersed single-crystalline nickel-rich oxides paves the way to develop advanced high-capacity and high-voltage operating ASSBs. [Display omitted] • Single-crystalline Ni-rich oxides against chemo-mechanical failure at high voltage. • Long life cathodes (85.1% after 500 cycles at 0.5C) at high voltage operation. • A practical cathode with the areal capacity of 4.19 mAh cm−2 is fabricated. • Excellent fast charge capability (142.9 mAh g−1 at 5 C and 50 °C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ectropis obliqua Prout (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is the most devastating insect pest of tea plants in China and infests thousands of hectares of tea plantations in China annually. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major phenolic compound in tea leaves and has a strong antibacterial function. Here, we show that EGCG can effectively improve the fitness of E. obliqua larvae and present the reason by which EGCG promotes larval fitness. In this study, we compared the fitness difference among Control, Antibiotic and Treatment of larvae. The fitness of larvae treated with EGCG and antibiotic was similar and better than that of control group. We also demonstrated that EGCG treatment could significantly reduce species richness and abundance of gut bacteria in E. obliqua larvae. Hence that we speculate that EGCG promotes larval fitness and is associated with ECGG antimicrobial activity. In short, our study provides evidence of the E. obliqua larvae have adapted to secondary compounds found in tea leaves, and may even benefit from these compounds. Our study also contributes to a greater understanding of the reason involved in plant-insect interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flowering time and seed size are traits related to domestication. However, identification of domestication-related loci/genes of controlling the traits in soybean is rarely reported. In this study, we identified a total of 48 domestication-related loci based on RAD-seq genotyping of a natural population comprising 286 accessions. Among these, four on chromosome 12 and additional two on chromosomes 11 and 15 were associated with flowering time, and four on chromosomes 11 and 16 were associated with seed size. Of the five genes associated with flowering time and the three genes associated with seed size, three genes Glyma11g18720, Glyma11g15480 and Glyma15g35080 were homologous to Arabidopsis genes, additional five genes were found for the first time to be associated with these two traits. Glyma11g18720 and Glyma05g28130 were co-expressed with five genes homologous to flowering time genes in Arabidopsis, and Glyma11g15480 was co-expressed with 24 genes homologous to seed development genes in Arabidopsis. This study indicates that integration of population divergence analysis, genome-wide association study and expression analysis is an efficient approach to identify candidate domestication-related genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]