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A series of Gd3+-doped BaMgAl10O17 phosphors have been successfully synthesized using a low-temperature solution combustion method. The crystal structure and phase purity of the samples were characterized using x-ray powder diffraction analysis. The optimal concentration of Gd3+ dopant in BaMgAl10O17 was determined through measurements of the photoluminescence spectra of the phosphors. All phosphors showed narrowband UVB emission at 313 nm with excitation wavelength at 272 nm. Relatively dominant electron spin resonance (ESR) lines were observed with geff ≈ 1.98. 2.7, 4.2, and 5.95 in phosphors with low concentration of dopant Gd3+ ion. At higher dopant concentrations, the spectrum appeared to be U-like with prominent lines at geff ≈ 1.99, 2.7, 4.2, and 5.94. Distortions in the neighborhood of Gd3+ ion led to ESR lines in the low-field region of the spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use finite element simulations to quantitatively evaluate different mechanisms for the generation of stress in Sn films due to growth of the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic phase at the Cu-Sn interface. We find that elastic and plastic behavior alone are not sufficient to reproduce the experimentally measured stress evolution. However, when grain boundary diffusion is included, the model results agree well with experimental observations. Examination of conditions necessary to produce the observed stresses provides insight into potential strategies for minimizing stress generation and thus mitigating Sn whisker growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally, especially in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), rural populations were more susceptible to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic due to lower levels of community awareness, poor hygiene, and health literacy accompanying pre-existing weak public health systems. Consequently, various community-based interventions were engineered in rural regions worldwide to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic by empowering people to mount both individual and collective public health responses against the pandemic. However, to date, there is paucity of information on the effectiveness of any large-scale community intervention in controlling and mitigating the effects of COVID-19, especially from the perspective of LMICs., Objective: This retrospective impact evaluation study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a large-scale rural community-based intervention, the COVID-Free Village Program (CFVP), on COVID-19 resilience and control in rural populations in Maharashtra, India., Methods: The intervention site was the rural areas of the Pune district where CFVP was implemented from August 2021 to February 2022, while the adjoining district, Satara, represented the control district where the COVID-Free Village Scheme was implemented. Data were collected during April-May 2022 from 3500 sample households in villages across intervention and comparison arms by using the 2-stage stratified random sampling through face-to-face interviews followed by developing a matched sample using propensity score matching methods., Results: The participants in Pune had a significantly higher combined COVID-19 awareness index by 0.43 (95% CI 0.29-0.58) points than those in Satara. Furthermore, the adherence to COVID-appropriate behaviors, including handwashing, was 23% (95% CI 3%-45%) and masking was 17% (0%-38%) higher in Pune compared to those in Satara. The probability of perception of COVID as a serious illness in patients with heart disease was 22% (95% CI 1.036-1.439) higher in Pune compared to that in Satara. The awareness index of COVID-19 variants and preventive measures were also higher in Pune by 0.88 (95% CI 0.674-1.089) points. In the subgroup analysis, when the highest household educational level was restricted to middle school, the awareness about the COVID-control program was 0.69 (95% CI 0.36-1.021) points higher in Pune, while the awareness index of COVID-19 variants and preventive measures was higher by 0.45 (95% CI 0.236-0.671) points. We did not observe any significant changes in the overall COVID-19 vaccination coverage due to CFVP implementation. Furthermore, the number of COVID-19 deaths in both the sampled populations were very low. The probability of observing COVID-19-related stigma or discrimination in Pune was 68% (95% CI 0.133-0.191) lower than that in Satara., Conclusions: CFVP contributed to improved awareness and sustainability of COVID-appropriate behaviors in a large population although there was no evidence of higher COVID-19 vaccination coverage or reduction in mortality, signifying potential applicability in future pandemic preparedness, especially in resource-constrained settings., (©Saurav Basu, Meghana Desai, Anup Karan, Surbhi Bhardwaj, Himanshu Negandhi, Nitin Jadhav, Amar Maske, Sanjay Zodpey. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 29.07.2024.)