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This study explores the impact of organizational factors on strategic unlearning through the mediating role of knowledge sharing in Iran's state-owned banks. The aim is to develop human resource capabilities based on organizational learning and strategic unlearning patterns to effectively attain the objectives of Iran's state banks. The research population includes 412 managers and deputies of Iran's state-owned banks, and the sample size is 199 participants. A researcher-made questionnaire was applied to collect data, and SmartPLS3 software was used for statistical analysis. The results indicate that organizational factors positively impact strategic unlearning through the mediating role of knowledge sharing. Strategic unlearning leads to greater motivation for talent development in creative environments, causing constructive changes that improve individual and organizational performance, leading to innovation and creativity. The study highlights the importance of strategic unlearning in Iran's state-owned banks and its positive impact on progress toward a better future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to compare innovative and less innovative agencies on innovative behavior, knowledge sharing behavior, Islamic work ethic and entrepreneurial orientation. Subsequently, data processing for the study adopts the use of the Dependent Sample T-test, known as the Paired T-test. Results of the study proved that there are significant differences between the public sector in terms of innovative behavior, Islamic work ethic, and its dimensions, i.e., effort, cooperation, and moral responsibility. There is also a significant difference between more innovative and less innovative agencies in terms of entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensions, i.e., innovativeness and proactiveness. Nevertheless, there is no significant difference between more innovative agencies and less innovative agencies in terms of knowledge-sharing behavior and its dimensions, i.e., knowledge donating and knowledge collecting. Likewise, one of the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation, i.e. risk taking, has no significant difference between more innovative and less innovative agencies. Importantly, research findings provide a guideline for the government to find the solution of problem innovation in the public sector to improve service to society. Specifically, management support is very important in order to build a culture for knowledge sharing and a strong awareness among civil servants of the value of Islamic work ethic. Managers are expected to be first in implementing entrepreneurial orientation. Subsequently, this empirical study is the first that examines the comparison between innovation, knowledge-sharing behavior, Islamic work ethics, and entrepreneurial orientation in public sector knowledge-sharing behavior, Islamic work ethics, and entrepreneurial orientation in the public sector, which is more innovative and less innovative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on social performance and the influence of social performance on financial performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Indonesia. These tests use environmental dynamism as antecedents. Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted on a sample of 235 CEOs/top leaders of MFIs spread across all provinces in Indonesia. Data collection used survey questionnaires. Data testing used SPSS version 25, and structural modeling used Amos version 25. Findings: The findings show that entrepreneurial orientation significantly influences the social performance of MFIs in Indonesia. Entrepreneurial orientation does not influence financial performance but must go through social performance mediation. Social performance has a significant effect on financial performance. The importance of MFIs improves social performance (depth and breadth of reach) to improve financial performance. Practical implications: MFIs need to increase social contribution and responsibility to improve social performance which will impact financial performance. Originality/value: Entrepreneurial orientation influence on financial performance goes through social performance. Social performance includes the depth of the reach to contribute to improving the quality of life of people experiencing poverty around the MFI's operations and the social responsibility of MFIs to the community through scholarships, free medical assistance, basic food assistance and building/renovating houses of worship and others. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-06-2023-0478 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: The objective of the article is to investigate the status and evolution of women's entrepreneurial orientation (WEO) research from 1990 to 2021 through a systematic literature review. Research Design & Methods: We examined 204 peer-reviewed scholarly articles to identify and analyse study themes, publication trends, journal outlets, research methods, country, and regional distributions, and the theoretical landscape of WEO research through a mixed methodology of descriptive and content analyses. Findings: Our analysis showed the following key findings: (1) publication trends show a constant growth of interest in WEO research, particularly in the last decade (2011-2021), with most of the articles published in high-ranked journals outlets; (2) quantitative research dominates the field above qualitative studies and conceptual models; (3) study themes are multidimensional, embodying a wide range of topics (4) research is generally US-centric regarding the individual countries, and in terms of the regional distribution, studies are Australasia and Europe centric; and, finally (5) studies mainly employ the theory of entrepreneurship and theory of planned behaviour in the theory-driven studies. Implications & Recommendations: The results imply that WEO research is growing in interest in both theory and practice, thereby demanding the attention of women entrepreneurship researchers. Contribution & Value Added: This study contributes to the literature by reviewing and discussing the body of WEO literature. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The findings of this study can benefit researchers in understanding the status and evolution of WEO. It can also assist policymakers and governments in developing suitable policies and initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The institutional theory literature focuses on the legitimization of new ventures' innovative behaviors, while the entrepreneurial orientation literature emphasizes differentiation of the pursuit of innovation by new ventures. We apply the optimal distinctiveness perspective to examine how the institutional environment and entrepreneurial orientation jointly influence two modes of innovation - innovation generation and innovation adoption - in new ventures. We employ fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) based on country-level data obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project. Our findings reveal that there are five equifinal optima of distinctiveness rather than a one-size-fits-all optimal distinctiveness for high innovation generation and high innovation adoption, respectively. Moreover, the orchestrating mechanisms of the two modes of innovation are different: that of innovation generation is threshold orchestration and that of innovation adoption is compensatory orchestration. Furthermore, except for the difference, we also identify something similar shared by mechanisms of innovation generation and innovation adoption. These results extend the optimal distinctiveness theory by empirically verifying equifinality in optimal distinctiveness and articulating different practices of threshold orchestration and compensatory orchestration, and also contribute to the innovation literature by examining the differences and similarities of the mechanisms of innovation generation and innovation adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon strategic orientation logics and culture theory, this article proposes that entrepreneurial orientation and customer relationship orientation are generally complementary but become conflictual at high levels due to the organizational response to the practices these orientations invoke in a collectivist cultural context. We test this hypothesis with survey data of 146 firms. We find an increasing-return effect of customer relationship orientation on firm performance. Results also reveal a shape-flip phenomenon that when entrepreneurial orientation is low, customer relationship orientation has a J-shape (increasing returns) relationship with firm performance; however, when entrepreneurial orientation is high, customer relationship orientation has an inverted U-shape relationship. JEL Classification: M3 Marketing and Advertising [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior studies indicate that firms yield varying results while adapting to open innovation (OI). They suggest an optimum OI level using the concepts of external search breadth and depth, whose antecedents' relationships with innovation performance (IP) have been inadequately examined. This study explores how information technology capability (ITC) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) influence a firm's external search strategies and impact its IP. A survey of listed German firms (n = 1 4 6) found no support for a curvilinear relationship between open external search strategies and IP. Moreover, the assumption that ITC positively affects the relationship between external search strategy openness and IP was unsupported, proposing a negative moderating impact of ITC. The study observes that EO has differential moderating and direct effects on external search strategy effectiveness and its collective impact on IP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MSMEs in Indonesia face fundamental problems in developing business strategies. This research explores the impact of strategic orientation (SO) on business performance. SO involves the integrated role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), market orientation (MO), and collective orientation (CO) in improving performance. This research also examines the mediating role of CO, MO and the moderating role of EO. Demographic variables are used as control variables. Data obtained from 192 creative industries in Malang Raya with a response rate of 65 percent (124 MSMEs). This study utilizes PLS-SEM methodology to investigate target relationships. The results show that MSME performance is significantly influenced by SO, both EO and MO, but not CO. This confirms the direct influence of EO and MO on performance, as well as the indirect influence of MO on the EO-performance relationship. In addition, this research reveals that the performance of MSMEs managed by women tends to be lower than MSMEs managed by men. This is because the EO characteristics of men are greater than those of women. The implication of these findings is that MSMEs must improve EO and MO. Effective CO needs to be strengthened so that it can make a major contribution to sustainability of MSMEs.

This study looks into how business capital, entrepreneurial orientation, digital marketing, and the financial performance of Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia interact. The study analyzes data from a diverse sample of 400 MSMEs using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) 3 and a quantitative research design. Descriptive statistics shed light on the essential factors and demographic profile, and the measurement model assessment verifies the constructs' validity and reliability. Significantly positive correlations between digital marketing, entrepreneurial orientation, business capital, and financial success are established by the structural model study. The mediating roles of business capital and entrepreneurial orientation are revealed through indirect impacts. R-square values and model fit indices attest to the suggested model's resilience. The results add to our understanding of the variables that influence MSME success in the Indonesian business environment and provide useful information for future research projects, practitioners, and policymakers.

Individual entrepreneurial orientation and innovation are essentials for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to drive their performance, including surviving or even growing during economic crises. The entrepreneur’s gender might have an impact on those relationships. Hence, this study aims to analyze whether there were some differences in the five dimensions of individual entrepreneurial orientation and differences in the influence of individual entrepreneurial orientation and innovation on performance between male and female entrepreneurs. The study was performed through an online survey of 352 SME owners in Indonesia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group analysis were conducted to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrated that all dimensions of individual entrepreneurial orientation are valid for developing this construct, but only the risk-taking dimension distinguishes male and female entrepreneurs the most. Male entrepreneurs are more willing to take risks than female. Furthermore, individual entrepreneurial orientation affects performance mediated by innovation, and this effect is not different between male and female entrepreneurs. These findings enrich the literature on the impact of gender on entrepreneurial orientation and the influence of innovation on SME performance. In Indonesia, individual entrepreneurial orientation affects performance assisted by innovation; however, this influence is not different for SMEs managed by male and female entrepreneurs. AcknowledgmentWe acknowledge and thank all of the respondents and parties who supported this research. This study was funded by the Directorate of Research and Community Engagement, Universitas Indonesia, contract number NKB-1782/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2020.

This study aims to empirically prove the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and government support on culinary MSME business performance in Padang City. In addition, this research also aims to prove the role of government support to strengthen the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and culinary MSME business performance in Padang City. In this research, as many as 120 culinary actors managed by gen Z or business actors aged between 16 and 23 years were used at this time. Data collection was carried out through distributing questionnaires. The data analysis method used is quantitative by using path analysis. The results of testing the hypothesis found that entrepreneurial orientation will encourage increased culinary MSME business performance managed by gen Z in Padang City. The research results obtained also found that government support in the form of financial or non-financial has a strong influence on the performance of micro business businesses managed by gen Z in Padang City. Another finding obtained through our research is that government support moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance. These findings show that the implementation of an entrepreneurial orientation will be carried out and on target if it gets financial or nonfinancial support from the government so that it can encourage increased business performance.

Araştırmada Türkiye’de hizmet sektöründe faaliyet gösteren ve KOBİ statüsünde yer alan firmaların girişimsel yönelimlere ilişkin mevcut durumlarının, bakış açılarının ve bağlam tabanlı olabilecek özgün yaklaşımlarının keşfedilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için olayların, olguların doğal ortamlarında var oldukları halleri ile ve bütüncül olarak ortaya çıkartılmasını sağlayan ve keşfedici doğası olan nitel araştırma tercih edilmiştir. Veriler ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ile yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlarla toplanmıştır. Toplanan verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular firmaların girişimsel yönelimlere ilişkin literatüre uyumlu bakış açılarının yanı sıra literatürden ayrışan risk almaktan kaçınma ve kadife rekabet yaklaşımlarını özgün sonuçlar olarak ortaya çıkartmaktadır. Girişimsel yönelimlerin ruhuna aykırı olan bulgular araştırmanın yürütüldüğü Türkiye bağlam şartlarına özgü olarak baskın kültür özellikleri, KOBİ’lerin finansal döngüleri ve araştırmanın yapıldığı dönem itibariyle pandeminin oluşturduğu ekonomik koşulları da içeren çeşitli zorluklarla ilişkili olarak tartışılmaktadır.

This study investigates the impact of five dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (risk-taking, proactiveness, innovativeness, aggressiveness, and autonomy), an independent variable, on SMEs’ organizational performance in Bangladesh. The study surveyed 237 SMEs’ owners (out of 300, with a response rate of 79%) in Gazipur district, Bangladesh. Cronbach’s alpha (α) value of 0.70 was used to examine the reliability of the constructs in this study. Drawing from earlier research, a five-point Likert scale questionnaire was constructed to assess the links between entrepreneurial orientation and SMEs’ organizational performance. The dependent variable in this study was SMEs’ organizational performance, which was based on business growth, change in number of employees, profitability, and sales growth. The hypotheses were tested using SPSS with a 95% confidence interval. The results suggest that all five dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation positively affect the organizational performance of SMEs in Bangladesh. It is evident that proactiveness (β-value = 0.330) has the greatest effect on SMEs’ organizational performance, and competitive aggressiveness has the least effect (β-value = 0.230). The independent variables explain a significant proportion of the variability observed in SMEs’ organizational performance (R2 = 57.4%). The research outcomes offer valuable implications for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and academics. AcknowledgmentThe authors acknowledge the Accounting Research Institute (ARI)-HICoE.

IntroductionBy developing policies and strategies, the government can support the application of differentiation strategies among export companies. Additionally, gaining knowledge about customers and distribution channels may provide a basis for identifying products and services that may be unique to the industry. As such, the differentiation strategy is likely to provide a means to develop or adapt products to satisfy the specific needs of buyers in foreign markets. Small and medium-sized exporting firms face external obligations, being small and new. Because of these commitments, small and medium-sized companies must formulate and use appropriate strategies and guidelines to sustain performance when operating abroad. In addition to the different obligations faced by small and medium-sized exporting companies, globalization is associated with more intense competition. How can companies, especially small and medium-sized companies and global start-ups, which typically face significant resource constraints, compete in such environments? The solution is that they should differentiate themselves from competitors. Differentiation strategy refers to creating and marketing a product that is considered relatively unique in the entire industry. In other words, companies can differentiate their offerings based on brand image, product design, advanced technology, product features, customer service, and other dimensions. Differentiation by creating brand loyalty and less price sensitivity keeps the company away from competitor's aggressive move. Companies use their expertise to invent products and product approaches that differentiate them from competitors. SMEs typically do not have the economies of scale to pursue cost leadership approaches, and foreign markets may include multiple competitors. While the concentration strategy is often suitable for small and medium-sized companies, it is difficult to use in international business because of the diversity that companies face in different foreign markets. Differentiation strategy is closely related to innovation, and organizational learning is considered an important introduction to innovation and provides the knowledge needed to develop differentiated products. The company may need to conduct basic market research to understand distinct customer needs. In addition, gaining knowledge about customers and distribution channels can provide a basis for identifying products and services that may be unique to the industry. The need to pay more attention to environmental activities in business matters has increased. Considering the fact that carrying out sustainable activities, especially in manufacturing companies, requires the expenditure of very large financial resources, and according to studies carried out on manufacturing companies, it can be concluded that most of these companies suffer from a lack of resources. They suffer financially. to deal with environmental and sustainable activities. On the other hand, the cost of production is increasingly high, the power production process is weak and inefficient, the distribution infrastructure is largely weak, and most importantly, regulatory standards are almost non-existent, giving most companies the opportunity to ease their environmental situation. The insurance these companies want is that if they truly go green, they will pay off both financially and environmentally. The green innovation environment also improves competitive advantage and reduces uncertainty. Another important issue that should be considered is the inability of companies to use their financial resources properly, which alone can be an important reason for the failure of companies to gain a competitive advantage. In this research, the antecedents of differentiation strategies in active export companies in the city of Urmia were explained. The current research falls under the category of co relational research in terms of its practical purpose and descriptive survey data collection method. Also, this research was conducted in the field.MethodologyThe statistical population of the present study consists of active export companies of the city of Urmia. The sample size was selected from Morgan's table, 185 companies using the available sampling method. The data collection instrument is a standard questionnaire (Gerbing and Anderson, 1988, Nunnally, 1978) based on the Likert scale, which includes a 7-point Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the reliability of the questionnaire. The data analysis was carried out using the structural equation method with the help of SPSS and SmartPLS software's.Results and DiscussionThe results of the present research showed that the antecedents of the differentiation strategy (including: entrepreneurial orientation, international learning orientation, international growth orientation) have a positive and significant effect on the differentiation strategy. Conclusion According to the research findings, future researchers are advised to collect evidence from listed companies to generate valuable information. As a result, a comparative study between unlisted and listed manufacturing companies will contribute to the validity of the results. Second, the current research design was tested using cross-sectional data that present threats of common method bias, so future researchers should use longitudinal data as well as in-depth interviews to reduce the social desirability of the results. In addition, future researchers are advised to collect data from companies in other provinces to obtain richer results. Third, in this research, the effect of financial resources on green business environment was determined by the mediating role of competitive business environment, however, sustainability and environmental practices in companies may be affected by other factors.

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has become a critical characteristic for individual career advancement and the development of corporate entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, the connection between personal-organizational fit regarding EO and the working attitudes of employees remains underexplored in the existing literature. This paper explores the impact of alignment between organizational entrepreneurial orientation (OEO) and individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) on employee’s positive work attitudes, focusing on affective commitment (AC) and organizational identity (OI). The foundation of research resides in the personal-organization fit theory, as well as social information processing theory. To rigorously evaluate our proposed hypotheses, we implemented a research design that incorporates polynomial regression with surface response analysis, sourcing our data from 292 valid survey replies gathered from personnel employed by private sector organizations in China. Results reveal a positive correlation between entrepreneurial orientation and positive work attitudes, but also a “too-much-of-a-good-thing” effect, where excessive alignment between IEO and OEO can lead to diminished positive work attitudes. These findings highlight the need for a balanced approach to aligning entrepreneurial values during recruitment and underscore the importance of supporting entrepreneurial employees in highly entrepreneurial organizations.

Entrepreneurial intention is an important concept for understanding and promoting entrepreneurship. It is a strong predictor of entrepreneurial behavior, and it can lead to a number of positive benefits for individuals, society, and the economy. This study aims to examine the impact of entrepreneurial intention (EI) on entrepreneurial orientation (EO). It also examines the intervening role of environmental uncertainty (EU). The data were collected from 150 entrepreneurs from active enterprises in the 3 major cities of Pakistan. The information was gathered through a closed-ended questionnaire. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. According to the findings, EI impacts positively on EO and EU. Furthermore, EU plays a significant intervening role between EI and EO. The results of this study offer valuable information that the owners of businesses and the Ministry of Commerce may use to support entrepreneurial activities in Pakistan. This may ensure the efficient operation and elimination of organizations' failure to appropriately launch their businesses.

This study explores the application of the Sustainable Marketing Model in Indonesia's ever-changing corporate environment. The study involved 275 organizations from a variety of industries, and the sample size was large. This allowed for important insights into how market research, marketing expertise, and entrepreneurial spirit shape sustainable marketing strategies. The associations between the important variables were investigated using measurement model analysis, structural model analysis, and descriptive statistics. Positive developments in sustainable marketing practices are shown by the results, which also show strong and substantial relationships between market research, marketing competence, entrepreneurial orientation, and sustainable marketing. Measures of goodness-of-fit provide evidence for the model's general suitability. Specific tactics to improve market research, marketing skills, and entrepreneurial attitudes are among the implications for firms. The study establishes the foundation for other research projects and adds to the developing field of sustainable marketing in Indonesia

This study aims to investigate the effects of financial bootstrapping and government support on working capital, as well as the moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation towards the impact of working capital on financial performance. The study was conducted on 260 MSME owners in the food and beverage sector in Semarang, Surakarta, and Salatiga, in Central Java Province, Indonesia. By using a Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis, the determinant effects and consequences of working capital were determined. The findings of this study indicate that financial bootstrapping and government support are proven to have a significant positive effect on working capital. Working capital has a significant positive effect on financial performance, but entrepreneurial orientation is not confirmed to moderate the effect of working capital on financial performance.

Entrepreneurship serves as a catalyst for economic development, particularly during crises, as it fosters economic resilience through the establishment of new enterprises and the creation of employment opportunities. Women possess a significant entrepreneurial potential, and nurturing this potential could empower women to contribute substantially to sustainable economic growth. This paper investigates the relationship between the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of female students in Cluj-Napoca and their entrepreneurial intention (EI). Given the current context of crisis (marked by a post-pandemic situation, Ukraine war, energy crisis and high inflation) we have also studied its impact on the entrepreneurial orientation. To achieve these research objectives, we have employed a questionnaire-based survey among 231 female students from Cluj-Napoca enrolled in all three levels of study (bachelor, master, and PhD). The results show that the entrepreneurial orientation of students (as a unidimensional construct) has a significant influence on their entrepreneurial intentions. Among the five investigated EO dimensions (risk-taking, innovativeness, proactiveness, passion and perseverance), it was found that only passion influences significantly the EI. It was also found that the current crisis is a factor influencing the entrepreneurial orientation of female students. Our study contributes to the body of literature in gender studies and entrepreneurship studies by testing two newly proposed EO dimensions: passion and perseverance. The practical implications of our research consist in recommendations for educational institutions and policymakers for designing more effective entrepreneurship education programs and support policies for women pursuing an entrepreneurial career.

Abstract Motivated by the unique opportunity that a crisis period provides for capturing and reassessing specific entrepreneurial behaviors, this paper takes on the debate about the entrepreneurial attributes of informal ventures “IVent” and their endeavor to formalize. In doing so, Cronbach’s alpha rationales and contingency analysis are applied to quantitative data from street vendors of the main markets of Cameroon to investigate informal entrepreneurial behavioral dynamics and their impact on a hypothetical willingness for change during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was uncovered that IVent have activated entrepreneurial attributes of resilience, intention and orientation. Also, specific composites or variables of entrepreneurial orientation and resilience have been found more supportive of IVent’s endeavor to formalize than others. The novelties in that regard are: (1) While most of the variables related to the composite of innovativeness reinforce the desire to formalize, the variable of “routine” plays a hindering role. (2) The composite of proactiveness is not significantly related to the willingness to formalize. (3) The composite of risk-taking has proven significant to IVent’s transformation aims. And (4) contrary to all other variables of the attribute of resilience and self-efficacy, the variable of behavior control appears to hamper the aim to move out of the shadows. It is argued that facilitating Ivent’s dynamics and aspiration to formalize necessitates policymakers to advance policies that support the development of the uncovered determining composites. Furthermore, academia should undertake an extensive investigation into the role that the captured non-significant variables, attributes, and composites may play in fostering IVent's shadowed business lifecycle. Graphical abstract

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO), innovative co-branding partnership, and business performance. EO was analyzed through five dimensions: innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy. METHODOLOGY: As part of the first phase of brand management research, the quantitative survey was conducted in June 2023 among managers of companies operating in Poland using an online questionnaire. 280 responses were obtained, of which 266 questionnaires were qualified for further calculations. Incomplete questionnaires were eliminated. Hypotheses were formulated regarding the positive impact of the five dimensions of EO (innovation, proactivity, risktaking, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy) on business performance and innovative co-branding partnership, and the positive impact of innovative co-branding partnership on business performance. Structural equation modeling using partial least squares (PLS-SEM) was applied to support the conceptual framework and proposed hypotheses. The calculations were performed in Smart PLS version 4.0.9.5. FINDINGS: The results indicate that three EO dimensions (innovativeness, proactiveness, and competitive aggressiveness) influence business performance. There was no effect of risk-taking and autonomy on business performance. In addition, three EO dimensions (innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy) influence innovative co-branding partnership. No effect of risk-taking and proactivity was found on innovative co-branding partnership. This means that two EO dimensions (innovativeness and competitive aggressiveness) positively influence innovative co-branding partnership and business performance. Furthermore, innovative co-branding partnership was proven to influence business performance. IMPLICATIONS for theory and practice: The results of the study point to theoretical implications for further exploration of entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensions. The practical implications relate to recommendations for managers. Managers should make efforts to increase innovation, market activity, and competitiveness of the market offer. It is necessary to monitor the actions taken in the context of their impact on selected market, consumer, product, and brand performance. In addition, managers should analyze the possibilities of undertaking cooperation of this nature to increase business performance. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This study provides a better understanding of the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance using innovative co-branding. Compared to previous studies, it has an advantage in research by introducing the issue of innovative co-branding, which can be used for the development of new business activities. In addition, this study focuses on several areas of business performance, including product, brand, consumer, and financial performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: This article aims to determine how companies in the SME sector modify their business strategies in response to changes in the external environment. The research focused on modifications to entrepreneurial strategies expressed through the fundamental dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO): risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness. Additionally, it identified which types of reactions (modifications in strategies) lead to the most favorable changes in firm performance. The external environment was determined based on the market situation that resulted from the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: This is quantitative research. The study utilized data from 126 small printing businesses operating throughout Poland. Analyses were conducted on the data that reflected modifications in entrepreneurial behaviors and performance during three periods: the pre-crisis period, the initial phase of the crisis (the full lockdown period), and the second phase of the crisis (the period of easing the restrictions). The identification of the behavior types was carried out using cluster analysis. FINDINGS: The results of the research led to the conclusion that, with a change in market conditions, companies significantly change their levels of EO. In particular, the surveyed companies reduced their levels of EO during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, this decrease was mainly due to significant decreases in risk-taking. The levels of EO increased when the conditions improved due to significant increases in innovativeness and proactiveness. Moreover, the analysis enabled the identification of four types of reactions to the emergence of the crisis as well as three types of reactions to the improvement of the external conditions that resulted from the easing of restrictions and the introduction of anti-crisis support measures for businesses. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the type of reaction had a significant impact on the changes in the performances of the examined companies. In particular, it was shown that the lowest decline in performance during the initial phase of crisis could be observed in passive enterprises, i.e., those that did not modify their entrepreneurial strategies (did not alter their levels of individual dimensions of EO). The greatest increase in performance was achieved during the period of easing restrictions by those companies that significantly enhanced their activities across all of the considered dimensions of EO. IMPLICATIONS: The research results provided insights for entrepreneurs in strategic management. Specifically, they learned about the modifications in entrepreneurial behaviors that could lead to the most favorable and optimal improvements in a firm's performance when market conditions change. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The study contributes to the literature concerning reactions to changes in market conditions. This innovative approach considers dynamics where the changes themselves are variables. In particular, this research identifies types of entrepreneurial reactions to market condition changes in terms of dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation. Furthermore, it provides an answer to how firm performance evolved regarding various reaction types (using the example of the printing industry). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social innovation as an outcome of social entrepreneurship represents the primary drive of social enterprises (SEs). In the emergent context of a digitally transforming entrepreneurship scenario, this study intends to investigate the role of digital capabilities (DC) in social innovation performance (SIP) in SEs while considering the underlying effects of a firm-level entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Utilizing a quantitative survey approach, the study acquired a total of 344 valid responses from SEs in Saudi Arabia. The data analysis performed through partial least square structural equation modeling (SmartPLS 3.0) revealed that DC have no direct impact on SIP in SEs. However, DC influence SIP through the full mediation effects of EO dimensions of social proactiveness, and social innovativeness. The mediation effects of social risk-taking on the DC-SIP relationship were not established. This work is the first to conceptualize and test a theoretical framework linking the DC and EO constructs concerning SIP in SEs. As a result, the study produces several academic and managerial implications underpinning social innovation amid the digitally transforming entrepreneurship context in SEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to understand the multifaceted role of entrepreneurial orientation between institutional pressures, green innovation, and sustainable performance by using institutional theory and the entrepreneurship perspective as a comprehensive theoretical lens. To be more specific, this study not only analyzes the impact of institutional pressures consisting of regulatory, normative, and cognitive pressures on green innovation and the mediating effect of entrepreneurial orientation but also examines the moderating effect of entrepreneurship between green innovation and sustainable performance. Empirical results based on survey data from 483 listed firms in China indicate a positive effect between institutional pressures and green innovation and confirm the mediating effect of entrepreneurial orientation. Meanwhile, between green innovation and sustainable performance, entrepreneurial orientation showed a significant negative moderating effect. Our findings show that institutional pressures can drive corporate green innovation and suggest that entrepreneurial orientation can help achieve green innovation by encouraging them to challenge more innovative environmental practices based on institutional pressure. On the other hand, in firms that have not had enough green innovation, a high entrepreneurial orientation can undermine sustainable performance because it can increase risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: According to statistics provided by the Small Industries Investment Support Fund in 2017, Iranian businesses accounted for only 10% of the country's export volume. Furthermore, technology-oriented businesses with advanced products made up only 1.5% of Iran's non-oil exports, according to the United Nations Development Fund. This indicates that Iran has not been successful in this area, and its rank in this field is lower than that of other countries in the region. Developed countries, on the other hand, emphasize the expansion of agriculture and technological industries. Therefore, there is a significant performance gap and unfavorable state of Iran's economic drivers when comparing the country's statistics and current position with the lofty goals set. Also, since each of the researches have dealt with specific dimensions of the variables affecting the internationalization of businesses and the lack of research that has discussed the intensity of internationalization in relation to strategic agility and entrepreneurial orientation and digital technologies is felt, And since until the research, these structures have not been examined with this combination, this research is innovative in this sense. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of digital technologies on the intensity of internationalization of technology-oriented businesses, with the mediating role of strategic agility and the moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Method: The current research is a descriptive-correlational type of research with a practical purpose and data collection through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research includes technology-oriented businesses in Iran since April 2023, which have a history of exporting. To be considered a technology business, the goods and services of these businesses must be in the field of high or medium to high technologies, and the goods offered must be in production or at least at the level of a laboratory sample (capable of technical review) and services must have sales documents. The population of this research includes 305 employees of these businesses who are active in the fields of international trade. A sample size of 170 people was obtained using available sampling based on Cochran's formula and with an error level of 5% at a confidence level of 95%. The researchers used a 13-item questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale (5 = completely agree to 1 = completely disagree) derived from standard questionnaires to collect information. The relationships between variables were investigated using the SmartPLS3 software and the structural equation modeling method, which is a statistical model to investigate the relationship between latent variables and manifest variables. Results: The analysis of SmartPLS3 software showed that digital technologies have a direct and positive effect on the intensity of internationalization of technology-based businesses. Entrepreneurial orientation as a moderator and strategic agility as a mediating variable have a positive and significant effect as well. Therefore, businesses, especially technology-oriented ones, should consider the impact of digital technologies on the intensity of internationalization. They should digitize their processes by using digital technologies to enter and operate more successfully in international markets. Additionally, they should increase the intensity of internationalization by raising the level of strategic agility and using entrepreneurial orientation in their activities. Conclusion: Technology-oriented companies operating in technology-intensive environments can expand the market for their technologies through internationalization of sales. They may do so in response to small, mature, or highly competitive domestic markets, or because they perceive greater opportunities in foreign markets. In general, the internationalization of technology-based firms is likely to increase as the world integrates, trade barriers decrease, and transportation and communications become more efficient. Therefore, the use of digital technologies can help businesses build better relationships with customers and suppliers, improve productivity, and facilitate faster internationalization. Therefore, it is better for businesses to consider their strategic agility while investing in the use of digital technologies so that they can quickly change their innovations according to the demands of customers and obtain specific information from competitors and improve their products. Design and develop faster and send to international markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Motivated by the unique opportunity that a crisis period provides for capturing and reassessing specific entrepreneurial behaviors, this paper takes on the debate about the entrepreneurial attributes of informal ventures "IVent" and their endeavor to formalize. In doing so, Cronbach's alpha rationales and contingency analysis are applied to quantitative data from street vendors of the main markets of Cameroon to investigate informal entrepreneurial behavioral dynamics and their impact on a hypothetical willingness for change during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was uncovered that IVent have activated entrepreneurial attributes of resilience, intention and orientation. Also, specific composites or variables of entrepreneurial orientation and resilience have been found more supportive of IVent's endeavor to formalize than others. The novelties in that regard are: (1) While most of the variables related to the composite of innovativeness reinforce the desire to formalize, the variable of "routine" plays a hindering role. (2) The composite of proactiveness is not significantly related to the willingness to formalize. (3) The composite of risk-taking has proven significant to IVent's transformation aims. And (4) contrary to all other variables of the attribute of resilience and self-efficacy, the variable of behavior control appears to hamper the aim to move out of the shadows. It is argued that facilitating Ivent's dynamics and aspiration to formalize necessitates policymakers to advance policies that support the development of the uncovered determining composites. Furthermore, academia should undertake an extensive investigation into the role that the captured non-significant variables, attributes, and composites may play in fostering IVent's shadowed business lifecycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial intention is an important concept for understanding and promoting entrepreneurship. It is a strong predictor of entrepreneurial behavior, and it can lead to a number of positive benefits for individuals, society, and the economy. This study aims to examine the impact of entrepreneurial intention (EI) on entrepreneurial orientation (EO). It also examines the intervening role of environmental uncertainty (EU). The data were collected from 150 entrepreneurs from active enterprises in the 3 major cities of Pakistan. The information was gathered through a closed-ended questionnaire. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. According to the findings, EI impacts positively on EO and EU. Furthermore, EU plays a significant intervening role between EI and EO. The results of this study offer valuable information that the owners of businesses and the Ministry of Commerce may use to support entrepreneurial activities in Pakistan. This may ensure the efficient operation and elimination of organizations' failure to appropriately launch their businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Introduction: One of the most important prerequisites for economic development and increasing income is export performance. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the non-oil export performance of manufacturing companies in Guilan province. One of the most important prerequisites for economic development and increasing income in countries is export, which is considered an important source for the overall development of countries' economies. On the one hand, such a model has led to an increase in domestic income, and on the other hand, it will create a favorable environment for the growth of private and small businesses. In developing countries that export oil, including Iran, oil has always been the axis of economic development and foreign exchange earnings. Therefore, today, the growth of non-oil exports and the increase of the country's share in world trade and international markets in order to reduce the heavy dependence of the economy on oil revenues is considered one of the important economic goals. From this point of view, this research has investigated the drivers of non-oil export development of manufacturing companies in Gilan province and intends to answer this important question, what are the most important drivers of non-oil export development of manufacturing companies in Gilan province?Methodology: The method of this research was a mixed research. The statistical population in the qualitative part includes university professors in the field of international trade, managers of executive bodies and successful and professional managers in the field of non-oil exports, and in the quantitative part, managers of all companies that export non-oil products in Gilan province. Using the purposeful sampling method, 17 experts in the quality department and 311 senior managers who had effective responsibility in the manufacturing companies of Gilan province were selected by random sampling. The research questionnaires included entrepreneurship, market orientation, organizational learning, organizational innovation, competitive advantage and export performance. Using the structural equation model, the research hypotheses were examined. The research tools were: export performance, entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, organizational learning, organizational innovation and competitive advantage.Findings: The results showed entrepreneurial orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.288), market orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.181), organizational learning (Beta coefficient: 0.125), organizational innovation (Beta coefficient: 0.232) and competitive advantage (Beta coefficient: 0.234) have a significant effect on the export performance of Guilan companies. Also, entrepreneurial orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.262), market orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.146), organizational learning (Beta coefficient: 0.137) and organizational innovation (Beta coefficient: 0.36) have a significant effect on Guilan companies have a competitive advantage. In the other dimension, entrepreneurial orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.387), market orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.275) and organizational learning (Beta coefficient: 0.203) have a significant effect on the organizational innovation of Guilan companies. Finally, entrepreneurial orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.171) and market orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.198) have a significant effect on the organizational learning of Guilan companies.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this research showed that entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, organizational learning and organizational innovation have direct and indirect effects on export performance. Having an entrepreneurial orientation has enabled manufacturing companies to obtain valuable information from the market in the field of non-oil products as well as the market gap in this field, and the organization can better identify market opportunities. The result of such an attitude is organizational learning, higher innovation and successful export performance. Also, the adoption of a market-oriented approach will cause the manufacturing companies of Guilan province to adopt the best response to environmental changes, changes in customers' tastes, as well as unforeseen events, and this preparation and complete study of market trends will create the basis for better performance and gaining a competitive position. did Of course, organizational learning, while acquiring extra-organizational and exploratory knowledge and analyzing this knowledge in order to solve the company's problems (exploitative learning), facilitates the opportunity to create a competitive advantage and, subsequently, continuous export performance. Also, innovation by focusing on areas such as the development of innovative products in accordance with market needs, technological processes for the production of innovative products, designing new marketing strategies, as well as adapting to unexpected opportunities, facilitates the creation of a competitive advantage and subsequent higher export performance. Finally, competitive advantage, in turn, is directly related to the availability of resources and core competencies and cost leadership and distinctive strategic strategies. From this point of view, when manufacturing companies are successful in the field of differentiation strategies and cost leadership, on the one hand, they inject products and services that are special and different from their competitors to the target market, and on the other hand, by reducing the costs of producing products, they offer highly competitive prices that The result is a favorable export performance.

Background: This article presents the outcomes of research testing, from a consumer perspective, for a relationship between iconic branding (IB) and the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) driving that brand. Reviewed literature on IB and EO posits that internal stakeholders, such as brand owners, managers and employees, do perceive the relationship but the consumer’s view as the external stakeholder is understudied. Aim: This study aimed to discover whether consumers, as external stakeholders, perceive a relationship between IB and EO. Setting: This study investigated the relationship between the IB and EO of an iconic brand food retail chain store in South Africa from the perspective of the brand’s consumers. Methods: The study followed a quantitative case study research design. Data were collected using an online questionnaire randomly administered to probable consumers of the brand of interest. Analysis of variance, Fisher’s exact test and multivariate analysis of variance were some statistical techniques applied to test the hypothesised relationships. Results: The study found that contrary to suggestions in the extant literature, consumers largely perceive a statistically significant difference between the brand of interest’s IB and its EO attributes, and they did not perceive a relationship between the IB construct and EO variables. Furthermore, males and females did not perceive IB or EO in the same way. Conclusion: Brand managers seeking to foster consumer awareness of the relationship between IB and EO must aim to include more entrepreneurial-orientated branding into the IB and adopt differentiated strategies based on gender. Contribution: The findings narrowed the gap in the literature by adding a consumer perspective on the relationship between IB and EO.

Unemployment of university graduates has been a severe problem faced by all parties involved in the world of work. Therefore, students are expected to be ready to join the workforce and pursue career development after graduation. This research examined the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and student employability in facing challenges at the workplace. Entrepreneurial Orientation involves the processes, practices, and decision-making activities aimed at achieving successful outcomes. It impacts students' employability, encompassing the skills, knowledge, and personal attributes that enhance graduates' chances of securing employment and thriving in their chosen careers. This, in turn, benefits the individuals, the workforce, the community, and the economy. This research used a survey method, and the data was collected through an online questionnaire. A total of 478 final-year students of universities in West Java Province, chosen using the quota sampling technique, participated in this study. The linear regression analysis showed a significant influence of entrepreneurial orientation on employability by 50.2%. This shows that entrepreneurial orientation will affect the higher employability of final-year students in their career development.

The study asked for the most effective entrepreneurial orientation (EO) dimension(s) to boost the number of researchers for development. In essence, the study aimed to enhance the availability of potential researchers, not only for agriculture but also for other fields and professions. Binary logistic regression was employed using university student data to determine the most influential entrepreneurial dimension likely to produce potential researchers. Grade Point Average (GPA) was used to classify qualification while entrepreneurial orientation dimensions were the independent variables. Pro-activeness (OR = 11.3, 9.7 & 2.1), autonomy (OR = 5.3), persistence (OR = 4.0) and risk taking (OR = 3.7) are having significant likelihood of making potential researchers. Moreover, males are more likely to become potential researchers compared to females. The study informs that pro-activeness, autonomy, persistence and risk taking are the EO dimensions to be focused on, to be built and stressed in higher leaning to ensure research and development are supplied with enough potential researchers for sustainable development in agriculture, industrialization and other fields. Other EO dimensions have shown negative association and non-significant; thus require less attention.

The competitive advantage of the Creative Industry is an important strategy to succeed in a highly competitive global business market. The Indonesian creative industry is a strategic industry characterised by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). However, these enterprises face challenges, such as low entrepreneurial orientation, low digital literation to access the global market, limited capital, lack of digital payment methods, and a focus on conventional marketing activities rather than implementing Entrepreneurial Marketing (EM). The previous research proposed that Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and Entrepreneurial Marketing (EM) could increase competitive advantage due to the moderating role of local wisdom culture and the government's role. Therefore, this research aims to analyse the moderating role of local wisdom culture and the government's role in the effect of EO and EM on sustainable competitive advantage development. The quantitative research design employed a self-administered survey distributed to 400 top and middle managers within the superior and priority subsectors of the creative industry. The survey targeted four provinces in Indonesia known for their high contributions to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP >9 %), based on the ‘Purposive Sampling’ method. The results of the SEM analysis, based on 330 useable data points, show that Local Wisdom and Government's Role significantly mediate the relationship between Sustainable Competitive Advantage and Sustainable Business Performance. The research results imply that it is necessary to empower the government's role in providing information technology infrastructure to facilitate the creative industry's access to the global marketplace and encourage the use of digital payment methods for the rapid development of sustainable competitive advantage. Theoretical contributions extend to Dynamic Capability Theory by integrating Resources Advantage Theory and Resources Base View Theory, including the moderating role of Local Wisdom and Government's Role, and examining the relationship of EO and EM with sustainable competitive advantage.

The Covid-19 pandemic has become a major challenge for the business world, increasing the use of technology including fiscal technology services, MSMEs that are connected in the digital ecosystem have better resilience and the Indonesian government emphasizes the importance of Digital Financial Inclusion in MSME financing to reduce gaps due to global uncertainty as a result of the pandemic and geopolitical conditions. Digitalization of Financial Inclusion can spearhead the success of MSMEs, so a strong entrepreneurial orientation is needed, Entrepreneurial orientation is the ability possessed by business actors to identify and take advantage of business opportunities through innovation and measurable risk taking for business growth. The method used in this article is Systematic Literature Review using PRISMA diagrams with 41 articles aligned with creteria. The result of this review article is that MSMEs with opportunity identification, ease of financial technology and appropriate technology are very easy to get opportunities to develop, manage risks and dare to take risks by continuing to adapt to digital inclusion both capital, financing and transactions and continue to innovate sustainably will make it easier for MSMEs to be able to improve performance and contribute to economic growth.

The number of street vendors in Indonesia is an exciting thing to research. This relates to their decision to become an entrepreneur. Several interesting points are identified as supporting their entrepreneurial intentions, including entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial mindset, and innovative work behaviour, which strengthen relationships. The problem often faced by street vendors is a need for more innovation so they do not have a competitive edge. On the other hand, intense competition usually becomes an obstacle in running a business. Therefore, innovation and ideas are needed to make them survive and even win the contest. The population in this study consists of street vendors spread across Greater Malang, with a sample size of 200 respondents. The method used in this research is PLS-SEM analysis. Entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial mindset influence innovative work behaviour. A strong entrepreneurial spirit will encourage innovation. Another interesting finding is that creative work behaviour does not mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial mindset on entrepreneurial intentions. There needs to be support other than entrepreneurial orientation and an entrepreneurial mindset to generate entrepreneurial intentions, such as entrepreneurship education, as well as government support related to the environment, capital, and training.

The current study aims to elucidate the critical importance of preemptive market exploitability as a bridging concept for solving the inconsistent findings on the role of entrepreneurial orientation in enhanced marketing performance. Rooted on the resource advantage theory of competition (RAToC), the preemptive move is postulated as a strategic orientation for reaching a competitive positional advantage in the market when supported by a strong entrepreneurial orientation complemented with a solid quality-based differentiation. A survey method was used to collect data after inviting four hundred owner-managers of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to participate in this study. The structural equation modelling software AMOS tested our proposed hypotheses. The quantitative analysis resulted in accepting the proposed premises with several significant findings. The most important finding is that companies should invest in preemptive market exploitability as a strategic asset for high marketing performance.

Entrepreneurial human resources management can establish competitive advantages by consistently fostering superior human resources contributions within companies. This is achieved through the development of skilled employees who are passionate about delivering quality products and services. This study sets out to explore the role of entrepreneurial orientation for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly the relationship between entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial human resource management. An online questionnaire technique was used to meet the research objectives. The study sample consisted of 356 participants from human resource management departments from 30 SMEs in the Al-Hassan Industrial Estate (HIE) in northern Jordan. The structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the data. The results displayed that entrepreneurial behavior positively and significantly impacts both entrepreneurial human resources management and entrepreneurial orientation. Additionally, entrepreneurial orientation positively impacts entrepreneurial human resources management. Entrepreneurial orientation partially mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial human resources management. According to these findings, human resources management policies and practices influence the level of entrepreneurship within an organization.

PURPOSE: This article aims to determine how companies in the SME sector modify their business strategies in response to changes in the external environment. The research focused on modifications to entrepreneurial strategies expressed through the fundamental dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO): risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness. Additionally, it identified which types of reactions (modifications in strategies) lead to the most favorable changes in firm performance. The external environment was determined based on the market situation that resulted from the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: This is quantitative research. The study utilized data from 126 small printing businesses operating throughout Poland. Analyses were conducted on the data that reflected modifications in entrepreneurial behaviors and performance during three periods: the pre-crisis period, the initial phase of the crisis (the full lockdown period), and the second phase of the crisis (the period of easing the restrictions). The identification of the behavior types was carried out using cluster analysis. FINDINGS: The results of the research led to the conclusion that, with a change in market conditions, companies significantly change their levels of EO. In particular, the surveyed companies reduced their levels of EO during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, this decrease was mainly due to significant decreases in risk-taking. The levels of EO increased when the conditions improved due to significant increases in innovativeness and proactiveness. Moreover, the analysis enabled the identification of four types of reactions to the emergence of the crisis as well as three types of reactions to the improvement of the external conditions that resulted from the easing of restrictions and the introduction of anti-crisis support measures for businesses. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the type of reaction had a significant impact on the changes in the performances of the examined companies. In particular, it was shown that the lowest decline in performance during the initial phase of crisis could be observed in passive enterprises, i.e., those that did not modify their entrepreneurial strategies (did not alter their levels of individual dimensions of EO). The greatest increase in performance was achieved during the period of easing restrictions by those companies that significantly enhanced their activities across all of the considered dimensions of EO. IMPLICATIONS: The research results provided insights for entrepreneurs in strategic management. Specifically, they learned about the modifications in entrepreneurial behaviors that could lead to the most favorable and optimal improvements in a firm’s performance when market conditions change. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The study contributes to the literature concerning reactions to changes in market conditions. This innovative approach considers dynamics where the changes themselves are variables. In particular, this research identifies types of entrepreneurial reactions to market condition changes in terms of dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation. Furthermore, it provides an answer to how firm performance evolved regarding various reaction types (using the example of the printing industry).

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO), innovative co-branding partnership, and business performance. EO was analyzed through five dimensions: innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy. METHODOLOGY: As part of the first phase of brand management research, the quantitative survey was conducted in June 2023 among managers of companies operating in Poland using an online questionnaire. 280 responses were obtained, of which 266 questionnaires were qualified for further calculations. Incomplete questionnaires were eliminated. Hypotheses were formulated regarding the positive impact of the five dimensions of EO (innovation, proactivity, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy) on business performance and innovative co-branding partnership, and the positive impact of innovative co-branding partnership on business performance. Structural equation modeling using partial least squares (PLS-SEM) was applied to support the conceptual framework and proposed hypotheses. The calculations were performed in Smart PLS version 4.0.9.5. FINDINGS: The results indicate that three EO dimensions (innovativeness, proactiveness, and competitive aggressiveness) influence business performance. There was no effect of risk-taking and autonomy on business performance. In addition, three EO dimensions (innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy) influence innovative co-branding partnership. No effect of risk-taking and proactivity was found on innovative co-branding partnership. This means that two EO dimensions (innovativeness and competitive aggressiveness) positively influence innovative co-branding partnership and business performance. Furthermore, innovative co-branding partnership was proven to influence business performance. IMPLICATIONS for theory and practice: The results of the study point to theoretical implications for further exploration of entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensions. The practical implications relate to recommendations for managers. Managers should make efforts to increase innovation, market activity, and competitiveness of the market offer. It is necessary to monitor the actions taken in the context of their impact on selected market, consumer, product, and brand performance. In addition, managers should analyze the possibilities of undertaking cooperation of this nature to increase business performance. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This study provides a better understanding of the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance using innovative co-branding. Compared to previous studies, it has an advantage in research by introducing the issue of innovative co-branding, which can be used for the development of new business activities. In addition, this study focuses on several areas of business performance, including product, brand, consumer, and financial performance.

PURPOSE: This paper answered the research gap on entrepreneurial orientation with a sample of small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) export performance and the mediating role of innovation capability and international networking accessibility that has not been tested in previous research. This study also tested the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on SMEs’ export performance in the global market. The mediating role of international networking accessibility and innovation capability on SMEs’ export performance also became another focus of this study. METHODOLOGY: This paper implemented a quantitative approach with 282 owners or managers of the SMEs brass industry cluster in Boyolali, Indonesia, who were examined using purposive sampling. FINDINGS: The findings of this study revealed that entrepreneurial orientation did not significantly affect SMEs’ export performance but did significantly affect innovation capability and international networking accessibility. Another empirical test found that innovation capability had significantly affected SMEs’ export performance and the international networking accessibility. International networking accessibility also significantly affected the performance of export SMEs. This study also found an important mediating role of international network accessibility and innovation capability in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and SMEs’ export performance. IMPLICATIONS: This study contributes to research investigating the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on performance by conducting in-depth studies on innovation capabilities and international networking accessibility. Many studies have tested the mediating role of innovation capability and international networking accessibility. The practical implication of this study is that it can help managers or owners of SMEs better understand and find optimal solutions through enhancing innovation capability and international networking accessibility, which can be instilled in the characteristics of SME owners or managers to improve performance. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The results of this study indicate the mediating role of innovation capability and accessibility of international networking on SMEs’ export performance. Therefore, the main contribution of the study is to determine the mediating role of innovation capability and international network accessibility in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance by integrating the theoretical perspective of the resource-based view (RBV).

There have been considerable government investments in financial and non-financial support for local South African small and micro-enterprises, despite this, many struggle to stay afloat compared to their counterparts, like Somali entrepreneurs. This case study, therefore, sought to explore the fundamental tenets responsible for the success of Somali entrepreneurs in South Africa, seeking valuable insights to inform policies that can enhance the competitiveness of local SMEs. Utilising a qualitative research design and an exploratory approach, an in-depth understanding and contextual knowledge of the experiences and practices of Somalian entrepreneurs were distilled. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview guide with a purposively selected sample of 23 experienced Somali entrepreneurs operating various small-scale businesses, across different sectors in Pretoria West. A thematic analysis, using Atlast-ti as a modelling tool, was utilised to identify recurring patterns and critical success factors underpinning the achievements of the entrepreneurs in the study area. Six themes emerged and in order of priority, were – preference for collaborative ventures, a sense of community, informal networks, adaptive spirit, resilience and customer-centred business orientation. By learning from the experiences of these Somali small-scale entrepreneurs, specific support measures can be developed to foster a more inclusive and robust entrepreneurial ecosystem in South Africa, ultimately, leading to greater enterprise efficacy.

This study endeavors to reconcile the limited, mixed findings related to entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility in the family firm context. Specifically, the relationships between entrepreneurial orientation (EO), sustainable investments in environmental and societal initiatives, and the interaction of EO and sustainable investments with family firm performance are evaluated. Data were collected through in-person interviews of 151 top managers of automobile and motorcycle dealerships. Secondary data were collected from ReferenceUSA to confirm the veracity of the primary performance data. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the hypothesized relationships. The results indicate family firms realize higher performance with an EO by being proactive, innovative, and risk-taking. Moreover, sustainable investments are associated with higher family firm performance by either increasing revenues or decreasing costs. EO does not significantly accentuate the positive relationship between sustainable investments and performance. The observed interaction was contrary to expectations with EO acting as a substitute for sustainable investments; firms with an EO use a variety of initiatives, including but not limited to society and the environment, to improve performance. These findings advance the family business literature on entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility theory by establishing EO and socially responsible, sustainable investments as antecedents of family firm performance while also analyzing the EO-sustainable investment interaction.

The objects studied and the areas studied in this research are how a business can maintain sustainability and increase its business competitiveness, in this case, cooperatives in the city of Malang, as well as to grow the community's economy through the implementation of entrepreneurship-oriented strategies, the business environment towards innovation and performance strategies cooperative. The role of cooperatives in creating jobs and improving the welfare of their members with the principle that cooperatives are run "from, by, and for their members." The business world, primarily cooperatives, and small and medium enterprises, faces various challenges and must achieve Performance that will increase competitiveness and maintain business sustainability. For this reason, cooperatives must be more creative, innovative, agile, and intelligent in implementing their strategies. This research examines and analyzes the relationship between the business environment, entrepreneurial orientation, innovation, and Performance. Business in the era of information technology requires organizations to adapt to environmental changes and business competition, which is increasingly stringent, requiring cooperatives to provide products and services that are more market-oriented in order to be able to produce innovations that are in line with technological advances and market segments, so that Performance will increase.

ÖZ: Araştırmada meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin kişilik tipleri ile bireysel girişimcilik yönelimi ilişkisi üzerinde girişimcilik eğitiminin etkisi saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın özgünlüğü, analizlerin girişimcilik eğitim öncesi ve sonrası şeklinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerine uygulanmış olmasıdır. Bu araştırma sayesinde girişimcilik eğitiminin etkisi hakkında bilginin elde edilmesi ile alana katkı sağlanacağı düşünülmektedir. Araştırmada girişimcilik dersi alan 194 öğrenciden hem yarıyıl başında hem de yarıyıl sonunda olmak üzere “tek grup ilk test ve son test tekniği” ile veri toplanmıştır. Kişilik tiplerini ölçmek için Rammstedt ve John (2007) tarafından geliştirilen beş faktör kişilik tipleri ölçeği ve bireysel girişimcilik yönelimini ölçmek için ise Bolton ve Lane (2012) tarafından geliştirilen ölçek kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada frekans, korelasyon ve regresyon analiz yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda beş faktör kişilik tipleri ile bireysel girişimcilik yönelimi arasında -bazı alt boyutlar hariç olmak üzere- anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Ek olarak ön test ve son test sonuçları karşılaştırıldığında girişimcilik eğitiminin kişilik tipleri ile bireysel girişimcilik yönelimi ilişkisini -bazı alt boyutlar hariç olmak üzere- etkilemediği görülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda meslek yüksekokullarında okutulan girişimcilik ders içeriklerinin, öğrencilerin girişimcilik yeteneklerini geliştirmeye ve yönelimlerini arttırmaya yönelik hazırlanmasına ve uygulamalı metotlara daha fazla ağırlık verilmesine gereklilik olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. ABSTRACT: In the research, it was tried to determine the effect of entrepreneurship education on the relationship between personality types and individual entrepreneurial orientation of vocational school students. The originality of the research is that the analyzes were carried out before and after entrepreneurship education and applied to vocational school students. It is thought that this research will contribute to the field by obtaining information about the effect of entrepreneurship education. In the research, data were collected from 194 students who took entrepreneurship courses, both at the beginning of the semester and at the end of the semester, using the “single group pre-test and post-test technique”. The five-factor personality types scale developed by Rammstedt and John (2007) was used to measure personality types, and the scale developed by Bolton and Lane (2012) was used to measure individual entrepreneurial orientation. Frequency, correlation and regression analysis methods were used in the research. As a result of the analyses, it was seen that there was a significant relationship between five factor personality types and individual entrepreneurial orientation, except for some sub-dimensions. In addition, when the pre-test and post-test results were compared, it was seen that entrepreneurship training did not affect the relationship between personality types and individual entrepreneurial orientation, except for some sub-dimensions. As a result of the research, it was concluded that entrepreneurship course contents should be prepared to develop students’ entrepreneurial skills and increase their orientation, and that more emphasis should be given to applied methods.

In the first quarter of 2022, only ten percent of Indonesia's food and beverage industry has received halal certification. This small percentage means this research aims to support SMEs by investigating the influence of halal certification, entrepreneurial orientation, gaining competitive advantage, and adopting business sustainability. This research is a quantitative type of explanatory research with a population of 485 SMEs in the food and beverage sector in Kendal regency. Meanwhile, the sample used purposive sampling and obtained 200 respondents from SME owners. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is used with the Smart-PLS test tool as an analysis technique. This research's findings show a positive and significant influence between halal certification and entrepreneurial orientation on competitive advantage and business sustainability. Apart from that, competitive advantage positively and significantly influences business sustainability. Competitive advantage can directly mediate the influence between entrepreneurial orientation and halal certification on business sustainability, which shows a positive and significant direction. This research makes a significant academic contribution by investigating the relationship between halal certification, entrepreneurial orientation, and competitive advantage in SME sustainability.

Abstract Drawing upon the theoretical foundations of the resource-based view, the current research aims to examine the mediating role of open innovation between entrepreneurial orientation, total quality management, and SMEs performance. Open innovation is not new, but SMEs operating in the developing economies are unaware of it importance and need. A structural equation model was used in the study to evaluate the relationships between the data collected from 270 SMEs with the help of adopted questionnaires. The results confirmed the impact of entrepreneurial along with total quality management on open innovation as well as the performance of SMEs. Second, the indirect impact of entrepreneurial orientation along with total quality management via open innovation has also been established which is proven as significant. Owners and managers of SMEs should consider customer-driven practices in an entrepreneurial manner to achieve elevated levels of performance based on the study’s findings.

Catering industry stakeholders must possess effective market sensing capabilities to thrive in the competitive market landscape. This study aims to scrutinize how these capabilities impact the innovation of catering products. Additionally, it delves into the pivotal roles played by the knowledge creation process as a mediating factor and entre-preneurial orientation as a moderating factor. The research model is meticulously craft-ed to mirror the real-world dynamics experienced in the catering sector. For this study, the focal point of analysis is the managers and employees (specifically chefs) of 27 small and medium-sized catering enterprises in Makassar City, known for their profi-ciency in providing pertinent insights into the research questions. The data is subject-ed to rigorous examination through a structural equation model, utilizing WarpPLS 7.0 software. The findings unveil that while market sensing capability does not wield a significant direct impact on product innovation, it does exert a positive and notable direct influence on the knowledge creation process. Moreover, the knowledge creation process emerges as a positive and substantial driver of product innovation. The rela-tionship between market sensing capability and product innovation is further strengthened by the intermediary role of the knowledge creation process. This dynamic is further refined by the moderating influence of entrepreneurial orientation