12 results
Search Results
2. Indigenous engagement in health: lessons from Brazil, Chile, Australia and New Zealand.
- Author
-
Ferdinand, Angeline, Lambert, Michelle, Trad, Leny, Pedrana, Leo, Paradies, Yin, and Kelaher, Margaret
- Subjects
CONCEPTUAL structures ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,HEALTH policy ,MEDLINE ,NEEDS assessment ,ONLINE information services ,WORLD Wide Web ,HEALTH of indigenous peoples ,HUMAN services programs - Abstract
Background: Given the persistence of Indigenous health inequities across national contexts, many countries have adopted strategies to improve the health of Indigenous peoples. Governmental recognition of the unique health needs of Indigenous populations is necessary for the development of targeted programs and policies to achieve universal health coverage. At the same time, the participation of Indigenous peoples in decision-making and program and policy design helps to ensure that barriers to health services are appropriately addressed and promotes the rights of Indigenous peoples to self-determination. Due to similar patterns of Indigenous health and health determinants across borders, there have been calls for greater global collaboration in this field. However, most international studies on Indigenous health policy link Anglo-settler democracies (Canada, Australia, Aotearoa/New Zealand and the United States), despite these countries representing a small fraction of the world's Indigenous people. Aim: This paper examines national-level policy in Australia, Brazil, Chile and New Zealand in relation to governmental recognition of differential Indigenous health needs and engagement with Indigenous peoples in health. The paper aims to examine how Indigenous health needs and engagement are addressed in national policy frameworks within each of the countries in order to contribute to the understanding of how to develop pro-equity policies within national health care systems. Methods: For each country, a review was undertaken of national policies and legislation to support engagement with, and participation of, Indigenous peoples in the identification of their health needs, development of programs and policies to address these needs and which demonstrate governmental recognition of differential Indigenous health needs. Government websites were searched as well as the following databases: Google, OpenGrey, CAB Direct, PubMed, Web of Science and WorldCat. Findings: Each of the four countries have adopted international agreements regarding the engagement of Indigenous peoples in health. However, there is significant variation in the extent to which the principles laid out in these agreements are reflected in national policy, legislation and practice. Brazil and New Zealand both have established national policies to facilitate engagement. In contrast, national policy to enable engagement is relatively lacking in Australia and Chile. Australia, Brazil and New Zealand each have significant initiatives and policy structures in place to address Indigenous health. However, in Brazil this is not necessarily reflected in practice and although New Zealand has national policies these have been recently reported as insufficient and, in fact, may be contributing to health inequity for Māori. In comparison to the other three countries, Chile has relatively few national initiatives or policies in place to support Indigenous engagement or recognise the distinct health needs of Indigenous communities. Conclusions: The adoption of international policy frameworks forms an important step in ensuring that Indigenous peoples are able to participate in the formation and implementation of health policy and programs. However, without the relevant principles being reflected in national legislature, international agreements hold little weight. At the same time, while a national legislative framework facilitates the engagement of Indigenous peoples, such policy may not necessarily translate into practice. Developing multi-level approaches that improve cohesion between international policy, national policy and practice in Indigenous engagement in health is therefore vital. Given that each of the four countries demonstrate strengths and weaknesses across this causal chain, cross-country policy examination provides guidance on strengthening these links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. On the Widespread Impact of the Most Prolific Countries in Special Education Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
- Author
-
Sezgin, Aslihan, Orbay, Keziban, and Orbay, Metin
- Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify the most prolific countries in the field of special education and to discuss the widespread impact of their papers by taking into account the country's h-index. Through a bibliometric analysis, the data were collected in the Web of Science Core Collection category "Education, Special" in the Social Science Citation Index during 2011-2020. The 25 most prolific countries in the field of special education were determined in terms of paper productivity, and it was seen that the leading country was undisputedly the USA (54.42%). Meanwhile, a strong positive correlation was found between the h-index and the number of papers published by the countries (r=0.864). On the other hand, when the ranking in terms of the number of papers was reconfigured by the h-index, it was relatively changed. The possible reasons for this change for the countries with the most changing rankings were discussed by considering some definitive criteria such as the journal quartiles, the percentage of international and domestic, and the percentage of open access papers. This study reports a positive correlation between the quality and quantity in the field of special education for the publications of countries. It has been shown that where the positive correlation deviates, then especially, the journal quartiles, the percentage of international collaboration and the percentage of open access papers have a significant effect. The bibliometric findings may be useful to enrich the discussion about the widespread impact of papers and debate whether the use of h-index is acceptable for cross-national comparisons.
- Published
- 2022
4. A systematic review of determinants of sedentary behaviour in youth: a DEDIPAC-study.
- Author
-
Stierlin, Annabel S., De Lepeleere, Sara, Cardon, Greet, Dargent-Molina, Patricia, Hoffmann, Belinda, Murphy, Marie H., Kennedy, Aileen, O'Donoghue, Grainne, Chastin, Sebastien F. M., and De Craemer, Marieke
- Subjects
CHILDREN'S health ,CINAHL database ,HEALTH behavior ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MEDLINE ,ONLINE information services ,RESEARCH funding ,ADOLESCENT health ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,FAMILY relations ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,SEDENTARY lifestyles ,MEDICAL coding ,ADOLESCENCE ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Sedentary behaviour (SB) has emerged as a potential risk factor for metabolic health in youth. Knowledge on the determinants of SB in youth is necessary to inform future intervention development to reduce SB. A systematic review was conducted to identify predictors and determinants of SB in youth. Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched, limiting to articles in English, published between January 2000 and May 2014. The search strategy was based on four key elements and their synonyms: (a) sedentary behaviour, (b) determinants, (c) types of sedentary behaviours, (d) types of determinants. The full protocol is available from PROSPERO (PROSPERO 2014:CRD42014009823). Cross-sectional studies were excluded. The analysis was guided by the socio-ecological model. 37 studies were selected out of 2654 identified papers from the systematic literature search. Most studies were conducted in Europe (n = 13), USA (n = 11), and Australia (n = 10). The study quality, using the Qualsyst tool, was high with a median of 82 % (IQR: 74-91 %). Multiple potential determinants were studied in only one or two studies. Determinants were found at the individual, interpersonal, environmental and policy level but few studies examined a comprehensive set of factors at different levels of influences. Evidence was found for age being positively associated with total SB, and weight status and baseline assessment of screen time being positively associated with screen time (at follow-up). A higher playground density and a higher availability of play and sports equipment at school were consistently related to an increased total SB, although these consistent findings come from single studies. Evidence was also reported for the presence of safe places to cross roads and lengthening morning and lunch breaks being associated with less total SB. Future interventions to decrease SB levels should especially target children with overweight or obesity and should start at a young age. However, since the relationship of many determinants with SB remains inconsistent, there is still a need for more longitudinal research on determinants of SB in youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. You Say IFRS, I Say FASB…Let's Call the Whole Thing Off
- Author
-
Tickell, Geoffrey, Rahman, Monsurur, and Alexandre, Romain
- Abstract
This paper discusses the noticeable nervousness of many US-based financial statement issuers in adopting IFRS. For contextual purposes, the paper provides an overview of the FASB/IFRS convergence so far and its probable future. A detailed review of convergence in accounting standards is explained through the respective standards for "Pensions and Other Post-Employment Benefits". The paper concludes by suggesting that, while one set of global steps is a noble goal, it might not achieve the desired goal of comparability.
- Published
- 2013
6. Leisure and Aging: An International Perspective.
- Author
-
World Leisure and Recreation Association, Ottawa (Ontario). and Kaplan, Max
- Abstract
This document contains an international collection of national position papers on leisure and aging. The following papers are included in the first section: "'Active' and 'Passive' Constructs of Elderly" (Max Kaplan); "Recreation and the Aged: A Review" (Helen J. Threlfall); "The Elderly in Bolivia"; "The Elderly and Leisure in Brazilian Society"; "CP/RA National Policy--Leisure and Aging"; "Recreation and the Elderly--General Report"; "Social Welfare, Leisure and Aging in Denmark" (Inger-Lise Dyrholm); "Leisure and Aging in the Federal Republic of Germany" (Reinhard Schmitz-Scherzer and Walter Tokarski); "Recreation and Adult Education, The Case for Cooperation" (Peter R. Creevey); and "Thailand: Country Report--Leisure and Aging" (Samarng Puangbootr). The second section of the report contains papers from the United Nations World Assembly on Aging. Papers included are the following: "Excerpts from the 'Plan of Action, World Assembly on Aging'" (Willoughby Walshe); "Leisure in the Context of the World Assembly on Aging" (Binta Diallo); "Report to the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations"; "WLRA Statement of Leisure and Aging"; and "The Need for Lifelong Leisure Education" (Nelson Melendez). The final section of the report contains an international bibliography of English and German titles on leisure and aging, and an annotated bibliography of English titles on leisure, recreation, culture, and aging. (KC)
- Published
- 1983
7. What the World Chemical Community Thinks about the Concept of Physical and Chemical Change?
- Author
-
Palmer, W. P.
- Abstract
The concept of physical and chemical change is far from being the clearest and most self-explanatory concept in the world. If a number of chemists are asked to define physical and chemical change, there may well appear to be a fair degree of uniformity in their answers, until a few examples are suggested. When chemists are asked to place a variety of changes into the category of physical or chemical change, then differences inevitably arise. It is not difficult to demonstrate this by viewing school textbooks and articles about the topic. In spite of this, physical and chemical change is still taught in most in most secondary school courses. The problem arises from the definition and the historical layers of meaning that have grown around the concept, almost by accretion, without teachers being aware of their significance. The purpose of this paper is to describe the answers given by experienced educators to a questionnaire, which attempted to find out what the views of science educators/chemists worldwide about physical and chemical change now are. Four appendixes present: (1) List of Respondents; (2) List of Questionnaires Returned; (3) Physical and Chemical Change: An Information Sheet; and (4) Full Questionnaire: Interview Protocol or Basis for Written Response.
- Published
- 1996
8. Comparison of Student Learning Outcomes Assessment Practices Used Globally
- Author
-
Carter, Shani D.
- Abstract
Student learning outcomes assessment examines whether programs cover the material stated in their learning goals, whether students are learning the material, and the impact on student retention, graduation, post-graduation outcomes, and institutional accreditation, with the aim of providing faculty with data that can be used to help programs evolve or improve. While there is a plethora of research regarding effective methods of assessment used in the United States, little has been written regarding cross-national comparisons of assessment methodologies. This paper examines the current state of assessment in several nations and regions, and draws parallels in practices across countries. A literature search using the term "outcomes assessment" yielded 228 articles, of which, only 35 described practices outside the United States. Generally, searches on the terms "outcomes assessment" and "global" tend to return studies of outcomes assessment of teaching about global issues as it is practiced in the United States, rather than results about outcomes assessment practices used in other countries.
- Published
- 2019
9. Teachers' Conceptions of Teaching Service Statistics Courses
- Author
-
Gordon, Sue, Petocz, Peter, and Reid, Anna
- Abstract
In this paper, we report on the results of a series of e-mail interviews with statistics educators around the world, focusing on their views of the nature of teaching statistics as a "service" subject. What do they think are the important aspects of statistics to focus on in such servicing teaching? What do they think are the characteristics of good teachers? And how do they go about developing themselves as statistics teachers? We analyse their responses to these and other questions using a phenomenographic approach to identify an outcome space for their conceptions of teaching service statistics. We examine the centralities and tensions that emerged from their responses and discuss the implications--insights on agency and reflective practice. The study contributes to a research framework for understanding the nature of pedagogical awareness in contexts beyond the setting for this study and aims to stimulate discussion about teaching service courses.
- Published
- 2007
10. Do associations between objectively-assessed physical activity and neighbourhood environment attributes vary by time of the day and day of the week? IPEN adult study.
- Author
-
Cerin, Ester, Mitáš, Josef, Cain, Kelli L., Conway, Terry L., Adams, Marc A., Schofield, Grant, Sarmiento, Olga L., Siqueira Reis, Rodrigo, Schipperijn, Jasper, Davey, Rachel, Salvo, Deborah, Orzanco-Garralda, Rosario, Macfarlane, Duncan J., De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse, Owen, Neville, Sallis, James F., and Van Dyck, Delfien
- Subjects
PHYSICAL activity ,ACCELEROMETERS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EMPLOYMENT ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,HEALTH behavior ,MOTOR ability ,POPULATION geography ,PROBABILITY theory ,REGRESSION analysis ,SEASONS ,SELF-evaluation ,SEX distribution ,SURVEYS ,TIME ,MATHEMATICAL variables ,WORLD health ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,CROSS-sectional method ,DATA analysis software ,MEDICAL coding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ADULTS ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Background: To more accurately quantify the potential impact of the neighbourhood environment on adults' physical activity (PA), it is important to compare environment-PA associations between periods of the day or week when adults are more versus less likely to be in their neighbourhood and utilise its PA resources. We examined whether, among adults from 10 countries, associations between objectively-assessed neighbourhood environment attributes and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) varied by time of the day and day of the week. The secondary aim was to examine whether such associations varied by employment status, gender and city. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 6,712 adults from 14 cities across 10 countries with ≥1 day of valid accelerometer-assessed MVPA and complete information on socio-demographic and objectively-assessed environmental characteristics within 0.5 and 1 km street-network buffers around the home. Accelerometer measures (MVPA min/h) were created for six time periods from early morning until late evening/night, for weekdays and weekend days separately. Associations were estimated using generalized additive mixed models. Results: Time of the day, day of week, gender and employment status were significant moderators of environment-MVPA associations. Land use mix was positively associated with MVPA in women who were employed and in men irrespective of their employment status. The positive associations between MVPA and net residential density, intersection density and land use mix were stronger in the mornings of weekdays and the afternoon/evening periods of both weekdays and weekend days. Associations between number of parks and MVPA were stronger in the mornings and afternoon/evenings irrespective of day of the week. Public transport density showed consistent positive associations with MVPA during weekends, while stronger effects on weekdays were observed in the morning and early evenings. Conclusions: This study suggests that space and time constraints in adults' daily activities are important factors that determine the impact of neighbourhood attributes on PA. Consideration of time-specific associations is important to better characterise the magnitude of the effects of the neighbourhood environment on PA. Future research will need to examine the contribution of built environment characteristics of areas surrounding other types of daily life centres (e.g., workplaces) to explaining adults' PA at specific times of the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The 'Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior' at Fifty
- Author
-
Laties, Victor G.
- Abstract
The "Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior" was founded in 1958 by a group of male psychologists, mainly from the northeastern USA and connected with either Harvard or Columbia. Fifty years later about 20% of both editors and authors reside outside this country and almost the same proportion is women. Other changes in the journal include having its own website for more than a decade and now publishing online as well as on paper. A recent connection with PubMed Central of the National Library of Medicine has made possible the completely free electronic presentation of the entire archive of about 3,800 articles. (Contains 5 tables and 3 figures.)
- Published
- 2008
12. An introduction to oral health inequalities among Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations.
- Author
-
Mejia GC, Parker EJ, and Jamieson LM
- Subjects
- Australia, Brazil, Canada, DMF Index, Humans, Indians, North American statistics & numerical data, Indians, South American statistics & numerical data, Inuit statistics & numerical data, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander statistics & numerical data, New Zealand, United States, Health Status Disparities, Oral Health
- Abstract
This overview revealed that substantial oral health inequalities exist between Indigenous and non-Indigenous child and adult populations in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand, with evidence suggesting that these inequalities are increasing. Despite the marked differences in geography, culture, language and history experienced by these groups, it is notable how similar the oral health inequalities were. A number of reasons are discussed in the paper.
- Published
- 2010
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.