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An efficient method that utilizes simple techniques, easy operation, and low‐cost production to create flexible graphene‐based materials is a worthy practical challenge. A rapid strategy for preparing flexible, functional graphene oxide (GO) is introduced using GO‐ethanol dispersion filtration. The filtration process is highly efficient and drying time is significantly reduced by employing ethanol as solvent, due to the fact that ethanol is a volatile liquid. Freestanding GO papers can be harvested with ultralarge size (700 cm2), color variety, and writable characteristics. After reduction, N‐doped graphene (NDG) papers still maintain good foldability with improved electric conductivity and porous structure. When used as an electrode for a supercapacitor, the flexible NDG paper device demonstrates good electrochemical performance even with size expansion and extreme double folding. Moreover, this NDG paper capacitor device shows a good electrosorption performance for capacitive deionization of sulfate and chromate in groundwater system. These flexible GO and NDG papers promise potential to facilitate the production of graphene‐based materials for practical applications in energy and environmental related fields.

A novel nacre-like flame-retardant paper based on graphene oxide (GO), and phytic acid (PTA) is fabricated via evaporation-induced self-assembly. This facile method is time saving and low energy consuming. A facile approach is proposed to improve thermal oxidative stability of GO paper by in situ phosphorus doping during flame exposure. Then fire-alarm system is designed based on the high-temperature thermal reduction characteristic of GO. The GO paper functionalized with PTA (GO-PTA) can provide ultrasensitive, reliable and longtime fire early-warning signal. Fire alarm can be triggered at approximately 0.50 s when GO-PTA samples are attacked by fire. Phosphorus atoms are in situ doped into graphene layers during fire exposure, endowing GO-PTA paper with outstanding thermal oxidative stability, and thus alarm duration time of GO is greatly improved. The work develops advanced fire detection and early-warning sensors that provide reliable and continuous signals, which provide more available time for fire evacuation.

The development of actuators for power sources is essential for the efficient manipulation of fluids in microfluidics systems. In this work, a capacitor-type three-layer paper actuator was fabricated by sandwiching a polyelectrolyte layer between two films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS). The paper actuator exhibited stable large electromechanical deformations in bilateral symmetry under alternating square-wave electric field. The actuation properties were examined in a function of voltage (±0.5, ±1, ±1.5, ±2, and ±2.5 V) and frequency (1, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.05 Hz). In addition, the PEDOT/PSS electrode films with different thicknesses were prepared, and the effects of actuator thickness on actuation properties were examined. As a result, it was found that the actuator displacement increased considerably with reducing actuator thickness. In addition, the actuator with a thickness of 48 μm demonstrated a maximum displacement of 5.8 mm at a voltage of 1.5 V and a frequency of 0.05 Hz. The proposed actuator can be potentially used in the development of power sources for micropumps and check valves of microfluidic devices.

This work reports a modification of a fibrous cellulose material (paper) by the addition of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres doped with 10,12–pentacosadiynoic acid (PDA). The fibres are sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light. When the paper containing PAN–PDA is irradiated with UV light it changes colour to blue as a consequence of interaction of the light with PDA. The colour intensity is related to the absorbed dose, content of PAN–PDA fibres in the paper and the wavelength of UV radiation. The features of the paper are summarised after reflectance spectrophotometry and scanning microscopy analyses. All the properties of the modified paper were tested in accordance with adequate ISO standards. Moreover, a unique method for assessing the unevenness of the paper surface and the quality of printing was proposed by using a Python script (RGBreader) for the analysis of RGB colour channels. The modification applied to the paper can serve as a paper security system. The modified paper can act also as a UV radiation indicator.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T17:04:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-06-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Development and application of a new, simple, inexpensive, and eco-friendly method is presented for the quantification of bumetanide in human urine samples for the detection of doping in sports. The method involves the use of a paper platform and digital image detection and is based on the reaction between bumetanide, p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (p-DAC), and HCl in a methanolic medium, yielding a colored compound in a delimited area on a qualitative filter paper. The concentrations of p-DAC and HCl were optimized by a chemometric experimental design. After the addition of the reagents to the paper, digital images were obtained by scanning in a multifunctional printer and analyzed using the RGB pattern. The linear bumetanide concentration range was 6.90 × 10 −5 –1.37 × 10 −3 mol L −1 with R 2 = 0.993 and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 3.60 × 10 −4 and 1.09 × 10 −4 mol L −1 , respectively. A SPE clean-up step for the samples were required to eliminate the interference of urinary urea. The recoveries obtained varied from 94% to 105%, indicating the absence of significant matrix effects or interferences in urine samples after clean-up step. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of bumetanide in human urine samples. Instituto de Química Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” UNESP, R. Prof. Francisco Degni 55, P.O. Box 355 Instituto de Química Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” UNESP, R. Prof. Francisco Degni 55, P.O. Box 355 CAPES: 001 FAPESP: 2015/21733-1

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No. of bitstreams: 1 rossini_el_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 703386 bytes, checksum: 96b74b148702167b3e4e332064b9fbf4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-02-14 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) A primeira parte deste trabalho foi desenvolvida no laboratório Fritz Feigl-UNESP/CAr, na qual foi descrito um novo carbon dot (CD) sintetizado a partir de ácido cítrico e tiramina usando uma rota em única etapa por meio de aquecimento por micro-ondas doméstico. O CD sintetizado apresenta emissão no azul quando irradiado com luz UV, que foi suprimida na presença de H2O2 e peroxidase. O CD foi utilizado para desenvolver metodologias para quantificar glicose em amostras biológicas utilizando plataforma de papel. O método desenvolvido foi aplicado em amostras de soro e urina certificadas, e não há diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os resultados obtidos usando o dispositivo de papel com adição de padrão e as amostras certificadas. Também foram desenvolvidas metodologias utilizando 3D-µPAD com o reagente fluorescente e enzimas oxidase para quantificação de glicose e lactato em amostras de saliva. O preparo de amostra foi simples e rápido e o método foi validada utilizando adição de padrão e recuperação, além de ser aplicado em amostras de soro certificadas, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os resultados obtidos e os valores de referência. A segunda parte deste trabalho foi desenvolvida no Badu’s research group na The Ohio State University durante o período sanduiche com bolsa da FAPESP, na qual foi desenvolvida a quantificação direta de agentes dopantes em amostras de urina sem tratamento da amostra por PS-MS. Paper-spray mass spectrometry é um método de ionização em condições ambientes que combina as vantagens das plataformas de papel com a confiabilidade das análises de espectrometria de massas, reduzindo o tempo de análise e o consumo de reagente e de solventes orgânicos. O uso de substâncias ilícitas para aumentar a desempenho de atletas em esportes é proibido e considerado doping. A superfície do papel foi tratada com triclorometilsilano utilizando reação em fase gasosa para aumentar a ionização dos compostos alvo. Essa abordagem foi aplicada para análise de dois agentes anabólicos (trembolona e clembuterol) e dois diuréticos (furosemida e hidroclorotiazida) em amostras de urina. Após a otimização das condições experimentais, os métodos desenvolvidos apresentaram repetibilidade satisfatória e boa correlação linear entre concentração e intensidade absoluta. Foram alcançados limites de detecção na faixa de sub-ng mL-1, abaixo dos níveis de desempenho mínimos requeridos pela WADA, utilizando o método de PS-MS com papel hidrofóbico sem nenhuma etapa de preparo ou clean-up da amostra. Os métodos propostos foram aplicados em amostras de urina fortificadas com os agentes dopantes e se mostraram rápidos, simples, sensíveis, exatos e precisos. The first part of this work was developed on the Fritz Feigl-UNESP/CAr laboratory, in which a novel carbon dot synthesized from citric acid and tyramine was described using a one-step microwave heating route. Under UV irradiation, the CD displayed blue emission that was quenched in the presence of H2O2 and peroxidase. This property was used to develop a method to quantify glucose in biological samples using a paper platform. The method developed was applied in the analysis of certified serum and urine samples, and there were no statistically significant differences between the certified concentrations and the results obtained using the paper device with standard additions. In addition, it was developed method using 3D-µPAD, the CD fluorescence reagent and oxidase enzymes to quantify glucose and lactate in saliva samples. The sample preparation used was simple and fast. The method was validated in saliva samples utilizing standard addition and recovery, and applied in the analysis of certified serum samples, and there were no statistically significant differences between the certified concentrations and the results obtained using the 3D-µPAD. The second part of this work was developed at the Badu’s research group at The Ohio State University during the internship period funded by FAPESP, in which a direct quantification of doping agents in urine samples with no sample preparation by PS-MS was developed. Paper-spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) is an ambient ionization method that combines the advantages of the paper platform with the reliability of MS analysis, reducing the consumption of time, reagent, and organic solvent. The use of illicit substances to improve enhance athletic performance in sport is forbidden and considered doping. The paper surface was treated with trichloromethylsilane (TCMS) using a gas-phase reaction to increase the target compounds ionization. This approach was applied for the analysis of two anabolic agents (trenbolone and clenbuterol) and two diuretics (furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide) in urine samples. Under optimized conditions, the developed methods presented satisfactory repeatability and a good correlation between concentration and absolute intensity. Highly sensitive detections as low as sub-ng mL 1 which is below the minimum required performance levels (MRPL) proposed by the WADA has been reached using the hydrophobic PS-MS without any pre-concentration and clean-up step. The proposed methods were applied in fortified urine samples with doping agents and showed to be fast, simple, sensitive, accurate and precise. FAPESP n. 2016/20847-6 FAPESP n. 2018/05993-1 CNPq n. 140503/2016-1

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:09:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-06-03 In this study, the direct analysis of doping agents in urine samples with no sample preparation by a modified paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) methodology has been demonstrated for the first time. We have described a paper surface treatment with trichloromethylsilane using a gas-phase reaction to increase the ionization of target compounds. This approach was applied for the analysis of two classes of banned substances in urine samples: anabolic agents (trenbolone and clenbuterol) and diuretics (furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide). Under optimized conditions, the developed methods presented satisfactory repeatability, and an analysis of variance showed linearity without lack-of-fit. Highly sensitive detections as low as sub-nanogram per milliliter levels, which is below the minimum required performance levels proposed by the World Anti-Doping Agency, have been reached using the hydrophobic PS-MS analysis without any preconcentration and cleanup step. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue Institute of Chemistry Department of Analytical Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Professor Francisco Degni 55 ,P.O. Box 355 Institute of Chemistry Department of Analytical Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Professor Francisco Degni 55 ,P.O. Box 355

In this work, a novel time-resolved ratiometric fluorescent probe based on dual lanthanide (Tb: terbium, and Eu: europium)-doped complexes (Tb/DPA@SiO2-Eu/GMP) has been designed for detecting anthrax biomarker (dipicolinic acid, DPA), a unique and major component of anthrax spores. In such complexes-based probe, Tb/DPA@SiO2 can serve as a stable reference signal with green fluorescence and Eu/GMP act as a sensitive response signal with red fluorescence for ratiometric fluorescent sensing DPA. Additionally, the probe exhibits long fluorescence lifetime, which can significantly reduce the autofluorescence interferences from biological samples by using time-resolved fluorescence measurement. More significantly, a paper-based visual sensor for DPA has been devised by using filter paper embedded with Tb/DPA@SiO2-Eu/GMP, and we have proved its utility for fluorescent detection of DPA, in which only a handheld UV lamp is used. In the presence of DPA, the paper-based visual sensor, illuminated by a handheld UV lamp, would result in an obvious fluorescence color change from green to red, which can be easily observed with naked eyes. The paper-based visual sensor is stable, portable, disposable, cost-effective and easy-to-use. The feasibility of using a smartphone with easy-to-access color-scanning APP as the detection platform for quantitative scanometric assays has been also demonstrated by coupled with our proposed paper-based visual sensor. This work unveils an effective method for accurate, sensitive and selective monitoring anthrax biomarker with backgroud-free and self-calibrating properties.

The effects of doping of ZnO and Nb2O5 solids with Fe2O3 (1.4 wt%) and Ag2O (1.4 wt%) on its surface and catalytic properties were investigated, as well as its photocatalytic performance on the degradation of a pulp and paper wastewater (PPW). The catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), NH3-TPD and textural analysis. The results obtained revealed that Fe2O3 doping of Nb2O5 conducted at 500 °C resulted in an increase of about 116% for SBET while Ag2O treatment exerted a decrease of 33% for SBET of the doped adsorbents. Doping ZnO with Fe2O3 or Ag2O led to an increase of 80% for SBET. Iron and silver doping also led to a decrease in band gap energy of at least 6%. The addition of 1.4 wt% Ag2O on ZnO followed by calcination at 500 °C resulted in an increase of 11% in the value of the reaction rate constant (kap) for COD reduction under UV radiation. The treatment of Nb2O5 with 1.4 wt% Ag2O increased by a factor of 2.04 the value of kap for the reaction taking place under VIS radiation. The catalysts partially reduced the organic load and the real colour of the wastewater, allowing the achievement of the specifications for release into rivers, so photocatalysis could be an alternative for pulp and paper wastewater final polishing.

Paper plays an important role in various aspects of human life. However, most of the paper materials are vulnerable to both flame and water, which seriously restrict their performance in many applications. Here, we report a new kind of flame-retardant paper with high-temperature-resistant hydrophobicity. This kind of paper was fabricated by vacuum filtration of electrospun fluorinated SiO2 fibers and methyl silicon resin. It is mechanically flexible. Its Young’s modulus is 94 MPa, similar to normal printing paper. The optimized paper demonstrated a water contact angle (WCA) of 151°, which can be maintained as high as 126° even after 30 min of annealing at the temperature of 600 °C. Finally, writing with inorganic ink can be performed on this paper with inhibited ink diffusion. The written paper can maintain its integrity after 5 min of firing by alcohol flame. The flame-retardant and hydrophobic paper here may extend the applications of paper in wide range of fields.

A flexible free-standing nitrogen-doped graphene paper (N-GP) is fabricated via a facile hydrothermal approach with doping reaction occurring at the solid/gas interface of graphene oxide and ammonia vapor. Ammonia not only facilitates the doping of oxidized graphene paper efficiently with a nitrogen doping level of ca. 6.81%, but also promotes its reduction. The electrochemical properties of N-GP as an anode of lithium ion batteries (LIB) are evaluated and N-GP delivers almost doubled reversible discharge capacity compared to the undoped graphene paper (GP) as well as a good cyclic stability and rate performance. The proposed strategy to realize simultaneous reduction and nitrogen doping of graphene oxide via hydrothermal approach at the solid/gas interface offers a green and facile solution to modify graphene paper with desired electrochemical performances for LIB application.

Doping attitude is an individual’s subjective evaluation (e.g., good or bad, useful or useless) toward the use of prohibited performance-enhancing substances or methods in sports. Research on doping attitude has traditionally relied on self-report questionnaire methods to measure the construct (Ntoumanis et al., 2014; Chan et al., 2015). However, as doping in sport is illegal (World AntiDoping Agency, 2015) and perceived as socially unacceptable, athletes who hold positive attitudes toward doping are less likely to reveal them to others. As a result explicit measures of doping attitude are susceptible to potential bias as athletes may respond in a socially desirable fashion (Petróczi and Aidman, 2009; Gucciardi et al., 2010). To counter such bias, implicit measures such as the implicit association test (IAT; Greenwald et al., 1998) have been developed to capture individuals’ non-conscious attitudes toward doping (Brand et al., 2014a,b; Schindler et al., 2015). The current paper aims to introduce a paper-and-pen IAT which could potentially serve as alternative method to the traditional computer-IAT for measuring athletes’ doping attitude. peerReviewed

Cu-doped zinc oxide (Cu–ZnO) nanostructure was prepared using Whatman filter paper as a template by combustion method. For the synthesis of porous Cu–ZnO nanostructures the stoichiometric amount of precursors were impregnated in the filter papers and processed, thermally. The formation of wurtzite phase having crystallite size in the range of 20–24 nm was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The morphological study by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM) shows size of nanoparticles in the range of 25–50 nm. The optical study shows red shift i.e. extended absorbance in the visible region due to Cu doping. The photoluminescence study of Cu–ZnO results quenching in the photoluminescence peak as effect of Cu doping in ZnO lattice. Considering the extended band gap in the visible region of as synthesized Cu–ZnO, the photocatalytic dye degradation activity of methylene blue (MB) was executed in presence of sunlight irradiation. The effect of salt concentration and PH on dye degradation activity also studied. The highest photocatalytic activity was observed for Cu–ZnO with 4% doping as compared with other Cu–ZnO and ZnO nanostructure. The photocatalytic performance of Cu–ZnO shows complete degradation of MB dye within 30 min for 4% Cu–ZnO nanostructure. The photocatalytic activity obtained is much higher as compare to earlier reports. The synthesis of Cu doped ZnO by paper templated method and its photocatalytic activity is hitherto unattempted.

A superior electrical conductivity of 38.5 S/cm and an electromagnetic shielding (EMS) effectiveness of −30 dB (−545 dB/mm) across a wide frequency range of 0–15 GHz, including the X-band, were achieved with thin organic paper of (55 μm) cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/polyaniline (PANI) doped with (±)-10-camphorsulfonic acid nanohybrid. Both electrical conductivity and EMS effectiveness of the PANI-coated CNF were strongly affected by the amount and type of dopant, which could be tunable after fabrication process via simple in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline. Flexible and free-standing film was obtained, since CNF provides good mechanical property without diminishing the electrical property of PANI.

In this work, we fabricated a lightweight (1.25 g cm−3) N doped reduced graphene (N-RGO) paper through a combined method of vacuum filtration and thermal treatment under an ammonia atmosphere. 0.48% of N has been uniformly incorporated into the graphene sheets, which results in an inherent improvement in conductivity. Simultaneously, the as-fabricated N-RGO paper possesses excellent flexibility without any effect on its electronic properties. Furthermore, the good performance of N-RGO as a supercapacitor electrode was also demonstrated with a high specific capacitance of 280 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1. The N-RGO electrode also exhibited a remarkable long-term cycling stability with 99.4% capacitance retention after 40000 cycles. This work constitutes the first attempt of applying N-doping to improve the electronic properties and electrochemical performance for graphene paper.

My comments concern the significant error in the crystallographic part of the commented paper. It was discovered that the studied crystals are of sillenite type and the correct formula should be Bi25FeO39:Ni,Ti instead of BiFeO3. Moreover, the type of unit cell is not correct. Due to the doping the new type of unit cell, previously unknown, was proposed for such crystals. It was found that the studied sample contains two slightly different phases of the sillenite type. The actual chemical composition of the studied crystals is not known.

My comments concern the sever error in the crystallographic part of the commented paper. It was found that the studied crystal is of the sillenite type and the correct formula should be Bi25FeO39:Cd,Ti instead of some kind of solid solution based on BiFeO3. Moreover, the type of unit cell is not correct. Due to the double doping the new type of unit cell, previously unknown, was proposed for such crystals. The actual chemical composition of the studied crystals is not known.

Over the last decade, interest in the utilization of solar energy for photocatalysis treatment processes has taken centre-stage. Researchers had focused on doping TiO2 with SiO2 to obtain an efficient degradation rate of various types of target pollutants both under UV and visible-light irradiation. In order to further improve this degradation effect, some researchers resorted to incorporate plasmonic metal nanoparticles such as silver and gold into the combined TiO2-SiO2 to fully optimize the TiO2-SiO2’s potential in the visible-light region. This article focuses on the challenges in utilizing TiO2 in the visible-light region, the contribution of SiO2 in enhancing photocatalytic activities of the TiO2-SiO2 photocatalyst, and the ability of plasmonic metal nanoparticles (Ag and Au) to edge the TiO2-SiO2 photocatalyst toward an efficient solar photocatalyst.

The scalable and controllable preparation of carbon nanomaterial-based scaffolds with superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties in addition to being ultrathin, robust, lightweight, flexible, and foldable is a challenging task. However, commonly used techniques such as integrating conducting moieties and high-temperature annealing cannot simultaneously meet the demands of high specific shielding effectiveness (SSE), robustness, and flexibility. Here, we adopted a novel PDA reduction technique to integrate various functionalities, including a nitrogen doping source, extended reduction of GO, and a large accessible area to accommodate multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The prepared ultrathin PDA-rGO/CNT composite sheet exhibited a low density (0.26 g/cm3), high flexibility, and superior shielding effectiveness (SE) under a wide range of microwave frequencies (i.e., the X band and Ku band). The total shielding effectiveness (SET) reached 47.6 dB and 48.7 dB in the X band and Ku band, respectively, at a thickness of 82 µm and a high SSE; in particular, the SE/density reached a maximum value of 183.3 and 187.3 dB cm3/g, respectively, which are superior to those of previously reported studies. This comprehensive study revealed the synergistic effect of PDA doping and MWCNTs, resulting in excellent shielding properties. Hence, this superior SSE and flexibility makes ultrathin lightweight PDA-rGO/CNT composite sheets a suitable candidate for replacing metallic counterparts for foldable and wearable electronic components.

Exploring novel photoactive materials with high photoelectric conversion efficiency plays a crucial role in enhancing the analytical performance of paper-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor. SnO2, which possesses higher photostability and electron mobility, can be regarded as a promising photoactive material. Herein, paper-based one dimensional (1D) domed SnO2 nanotubes (NTs) have been developed with the template-consumption strategy. What’s more, their growth mechanism has also been proposed based on the controllable experiments. At first, the paper-based 1D ZnO nanorods (NRs) as the typical amphoteric oxide are prepared and serve as the sacrifice templates which can be etched by the generated alkaline environment during the formation of SnO2. At a certain stage, all the ZnO NRs can be completely etched by controlling the experimental conditions, resulting in the forming of vertically distributed hollow SnO2 NTs. Furthermore, the Sn self-doping strategy is also proposed to suppress the recombination of charge carriers and broaden the light response range by introducing the impurity energy levels. Profiting from such doping strategy, the prominent photocurrent signal is obtained compared with pure paper-based SnO2 NTs. Ultimately, an innovative visible light responsive paper-based Sn-doping SnO2-x NTs are developed and employed as the photoelectrode for the PEC biosensor using the alpha fetoprotein (AFP) as the model analyte. Under the optimal conditions, the ultrasensitive AFP sensing is realized with the linear range and detection limitation of 10 pg mL-1 to 200 ng mL-1 and 3.84 pg mL-1, respectively. This work provides a judiciously strategy for developing novel photoactive materials for paper-based PEC bioanalysis.

In this study, we report poly(1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-2(3H)-one) (pTIO) derivatives for an electrochromic (EC) type e-paper and its novel printing fabrication process. pTIO is a kind of conductive polymer (CP) s which are known as one of the EC materials. The electrochromism of pTIO is unique, because its color in doped state is almost transparent (pale gray). A transparent state is required to show a white color in a see-through view of an EC type e-paper. An electrochromism of CP has a good memory effect which is applicable for e-paper. The corresponding monomers of CP are able to be polymerized with an electrochemical method, which be made good use of for the fabrication process of e-paper. pTIO derivatives are copolymerized with other pi-conjugated X unit, which adjusts the color of electrochromism. Finally, we fabricated a segment matrix EC display using pTIO derivatives by ink-jet printing.

Osseointegration of biomedical implants as well as healing of broken bones are supported by novel bioceramic materials that, owing to their engineered ionic conductivity, in the presence of an electric field provide accumulation of negative electrical charges close to the interface between an implant and living bone tissue, thus stimulating the rate of bone growth. In this position paper, the structure as well as the chemical, electrical, and biomedical properties of Ca (Ti,Zr) hexaorthophosphates are reviewed. In addition, based on evaluation of the material’s properties, a conceptual configuration of a capacity-coupled bone growth stimulator will be presented. The advantage of the proposed novel device over already existing bone-growth stimulators is its provision of the intimate contact of a capacity-coupled electric field with the growing bone tissue as opposed to an externally applied inductively coupled electromagnetic field, which suffers substantial attenuation when transmitted through soft tissue covering the locus of bone growth. To achieve higher ionic conductivity in Ca (Ti,Zr) hexaorthophosphates, aliovalent doping with highly mobile Na or Li ions intercalated into the only partially occupied M1 sites appears to be a suitable route.

Heteroatom-doped three-dimensional (3D) carbon fiber networks have attracted immense interest because of their extensive applications in energy-storage devices. However, their practical production and usage remain a great challenge because of the costly and complex synthetic procedures. In this work, flexible B, N, and O heteroatom-doped 3D interconnected carbon microfiber networks (BNOCs) with controllable pore sizes and elemental contents were successfully synthesized via a facile one-step "chemical vapor etching and doping" method using cellulose-made paper, the most abundant and cost-effective biomass, as an original network-frame precursor. Under a rational design, the BNOCs exhibited interconnected microfiber-network structure as expressways for electron transport, spacious accessible surface area for charge accumulation, abundant mesopores and macropores for rapid inner-pore ion diffusion, and lots of functional groups for additional pseudocapacitance. Being applied as binder-free electrodes for supercapacitors, BNOC-based supercapacitors not only revealed a high specific capacitance of 357 F g-1, a high capacitance retention of 150 F g-1 at 200 A g-1, a high energy density of 12.4 W h kg-1, and a maximum power density of 300.6 kW kg-1 with an aqueous electrolyte in two-electrode configuration but also exhibited a high specific capacitance of up to 242.4 F g-1 in an all-solid-state supercapacitor.

A paper actuator was fabricated from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) by a wet process without organic solvents. The paper actuator had a capacitor structure, with a cationic polymer as an insulating layer sandwiched between two PEDOT:PSS films as the electrodes. The thickness of the paper actuator was approximately 36 mm. We measured its displacement as a function of applied voltage and frequency; the maximum displacement was 2.2 mm at 1.5 V and 1 Hz.

Nanoparticle-based flexible field-effect transistors (FETs) containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have attracted tremendous attention, since their interesting device performance can be utilized for integrated nanoscale electronics. However, use of CNTs and SiNWs on polymer substrates poses serious limitations in terms of their fabrication procedure, repeatability, and biodegradability. In this article, we report for the first time the fabrication and characteristics of solution-processed FETs on a paper substrate doped with easily prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). To compare the FET performance, we fabricated two other FETs on paper containing ionic liquid (IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as dopants. We observe that the AgNP-based dopant generated good FET characteristics in terms of linear transconductance variations and higher carrier concentration values, showing negligible changes after bending and aging. In comparison with the AgNP-FET, the rGO- and IL-based dopants yielded high carrier mobilities, but the rGO-based FET is more susceptible to aging and bending. The excellent linearity of the I DS–V G curve found for the AgNP-FET ensures its applicability for devices requiring linear transfer characteristics such as linear amplifiers.

A general approach has been designed to blue, green, and red pigments by metal ions doping hollow TiO 2. The reaction involves initial formation of PS at TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles via a mixed-solvent method, and then mixing with metal ions solution containing PEG, followed calcining in the atmosphere. The as-prepared hollow pigments exhibit uniform size, bright color, and tunable density, which are fit for electronic paper display.

The electrical properties of RF-sputtered Al-doped ZnO are often spatially inhomogeneous and strongly dependent on deposition parameters. In this work, we study the mechanisms that limit the minimum resistivity achievable under different deposition regimes. In a low- and intermediate-pressure regime, we find a generalized dependence of the electrical properties, grain size, texture, and Al content on compressive stress, regardless of sputtering pressure or position on the substrate. In a high-pressure regime, a porous microstructure limits the achievable resistivity and causes it to increase over time as well. The primary cause of inhomogeneity in the electrical properties is identified as energetic particle bombardment. Inhomogeneity in oxygen content is also observed, but its effect on the electrical properties is small and limited to the carrier mobility.

The effect of silica nanoparticle (Nano-SiO2) dopants on insulation paper cellulose, and the interaction between them, was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The mechanical properties, interactions, and cellulose-Nano-SiO2 compatibility of composite models of cellulose doped with Nano-SiO2 were studied. An increase in Nano-SiO2 size leads to a decrease in the mechanical properties, and a decrease in the anti-deformation ability of the composite model. The binding energies and bond energies per surface area of the composite models indicate that the bonding interaction between spherical Nano-SiO2 and cellulose is the strongest among the four different Nano-SiO2 shapes that are investigated. The solubilities of the four composite models decrease with increasing Nano-SiO2 size, and the difference between the solubility of pure cellulose and those of the composite models increases with increasing Nano-SiO2 size. Good doping effects with the highest cellulose-Nano-SiO2 compatibility are achieved for the cellulose model doped with spherical Nano-SiO2 of 10 A in diameter. These findings provide a method for modifying the mechanical properties of cellulose by doping, perhaps for improving insulation dielectrics.

Self-sustained-pulsing A1GaInP laser diodes having very low intensity noise characteristics were successfully demonstrated by adopting a novel structure, which has highly doped saturable absorbing layer. Short carrier lifetime, which is indispensable for self-sustained pulsation, was realized by applying highly doped saturable absorbing layer. Self-pulsing laser diodes with the lasing wavelength of 650nm-band were fabricated, resulting in the threshold current of 76mA at 20°C. The relative intensity noise (RIN) was below - 138dB/Hz in the temperature range 20-60°C at the average output power of 5mW.

Different from most ionic diodes which use water as the medium, in this paper, we reported flexible solid state ionic diodes without water during the fabrication and operation. The ionic diodes were fabricated by sandwiching a PEO-doped separator sheet between two paper sheets, respectively doped with AgNO3–polyethylene oxide (PEO) and KI–PEO electrolyte. The working mechanism of the solid diodes was based on the different electrochemical and participation reactions under different bias. The rectification ratio of the diode devices could reach 46 under an input AC voltage between ±1 V. The devices exhibited good flexibility and showed stable rectifying behavior after more than 800 bending cycles. The effects of plasticizer on the rectifying performances of diodes were systematically studied. The stability of the devices fabricated with or without plasticizer in PEO was investigated. The results showed that there was a trade-off between rectifying performance and stability.

Single transition metal (TM) atoms such as Fe, Co and Ni occupying a carbon divacancy in tetragonal graphene (TG) and bonded with four nitrogen atoms (TM@N4TG) as electrocatalysts are investigated by means of first‐principles calculations. To consider the effect of solvent species on the local configuration of the active single metal, a thermodynamical full‐landscape searching (TFLS) scheme is employed. The calculated thermodynamic overpotentials (ηtd) from our TFLS indicate that Co@N4TG displays high catalytic activity toward both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and reduction reaction (ORR), with ηtd OER and ηtd ORR as 0.397 and 0.357 V, respectively. Its OER potential cannot be captured if only one four electron reaction loop (FERL) is considered. The actual active pathways do not always turn out to be the reactions starting from the bare site. Our findings demonstrate that TG is a promising support and TM confined TD can be used to design effective and cheap multifunctional electrocatalysts., Doped Tetragonal Graphene (TG) as electrocatalyst? The pre‐adsorption of solvent functional groups (OH, O and OOH) can tune the adsorption strength of species. A thermodynamic full‐landscape searching scheme is proposed where all the possible reactions were considered. Co@N4TG is confirmed to be a favorable bifunctional single‐atom electrocatalyst for both OER and ORR.

Building on the MOF approach to prepare porous materials, herein we report the engineering of porous BN‐doped materials using tricarboxylic hexaarylborazine ligands, which are laterally decorated with functional groups at the full‐carbon ‘inner shell’. Whilst an open porous 3D entangled structure could be obtained from the double interpenetration of two identical metal frameworks derived from the methyl substituted borazine, the chlorine‐functionalised linker undergoes formation of a porous layered 2D honeycomb structure, as shown by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. In this architecture, the borazine cores are rotated by 60° in alternating layers, thus generating large rhombohedral channels running perpendicular to the planes of the networks. An analogous unsubstituted full‐carbon metal framework was synthesised for comparison. The resulting MOF revealed a crystalline 3D entangled porous structure, composed by three mutually interpenetrating networks, hence denser than those obtained from the borazine linkers. Their microporosity and CO2 uptake were investigated, with the porous 3D BN‐MOF entangled structure exhibiting a large apparent BET specific surface area (1091 m2 g−1) and significant CO2 reversible adsorption (3.31 mmol g−1) at 1 bar and 273 K., The borazine unit was used to prepare crystalline porous MOFs from specifically designed borazine carboxylate linkers. To evaluate the influence of the borazine rings on the gas adsorption properties, the analogous full‐carbon carboxylate linker and the corresponding MOF were also prepared. The structure of the three MOFs was unambiguously determined by single crystal X‐ray analysis.

LGD-4033 (ligandrol) is a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), which is prohibited in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and led to 62 adverse analytical findings (AAFs) in 2019. But not only deliberate doping with LGD-4033 constitutes a problem. In the past years, some AAFs that concerned SARMs can be attributed to contaminated dietary supplements (DS). Thus, the urgency to develop methods to differentiate between inadvertent doping and abuse of SARMs to benefit from the performance-enhancing effect of the compound in sports is growing. To gain a better understanding of the metabolism and excretion patterns of LGD-4033, human micro-dose excretion studies at 1, 10, and 50 µg LGD-4033 were conducted. Collected urine samples were prepared for analysis using enzymatic hydrolysis followed by solid-phase extraction and analyzed via LC-HRMS/MS. Including isomers, a total of 15 phase I metabolites were detected in the urine samples. The LC-HRMS/MS method was validated for qualitative detection of LGD-4033, allowing for a limit of detection (LOD) of 8 pg/mL. The metabolite M1, representing the epimer of LGD-4033, was synthesized and the structure elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. As the M1/LGD-4033 ratio changes over time, the ratio and the approximate LGD-4033 concentration can contribute to estimating the time point of drug intake and dose of LGD-4033 in doping control urine samples, which is particularly relevant in anti-doping result management. Graphical abstract

TFET based label-free biosensors are fast, sensitive and more power efficient as compared to CMOS biosensors, which are prone to short channel effects (SCEs). However, literature is flooded with various TFET biosensors that have become the reason of dilemma for researchers during pandemic situations like COVID-19. Therefore, in this work, a physically doped (PD), charge plasma (CP) and electrically doped (ED) dielectric modulated (DM) TFET based label-free biosensors are compared, which cover almost the entire range of doping and junctionless devices. Also, we found that the ED based TFET biosensors provide better current sensitivities of 5.10 x 10(7), 4.77 x 10(8) and 7.11 x 10(8) for biomolecules with K=12, positive charge= 1 x 10(13) C/cm(2) and negative charge= -1 x 10(13) C/cm(2) respectively. Hence, ED-DM-TFET based biosensors can act as promising candidates to provide better detection and identification quality.