996 results
Search Results
2. Local Self-Government in Central and Eastern Europe: a Strong and Independent Local-Level Management Tool or Just a Paper Tiger?
- Author
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Vjekoslav Bratić
- Subjects
local self-government ,fiscal decentralisation ,Central and Eastern Europe ,Finance ,HG1-9999 - Abstract
The onset of the independence process in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries during the 1990s was marked by tremendous optimism and a declared wish for stronger fiscal decentralisation and the transfer of powers, responsibilities and resources to the units of local and regional self-government that were supposed to be closest to citizens in resolving their daily problems. However, this has not happened in these countries, at least not according to the basic financial decentralisation indicators, and this is the main thesis of this work. Despite numerous adjustments made in the local self-government organisation in the observed countries, an optimum level of local and regional self-government organisation has still not been achieved. The units of local and regional self-government are still heavily dependent on, or rather restricted by, the strong central governments, which reduces their autonomy and their influence on the local social and economic development.
- Published
- 2008
3. LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE - A STRONG AND INDEPENDENT LOCAL-LEVEL MANAGEMENT TOOL OR JUST A PAPER TIGER?
- Author
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Bratić, Vjekoslav
- Subjects
DECENTRALIZATION in government ,PUBLIC administration ,EASTERN European politics & government ,POLITICAL science ,REPRESENTATIVE government ,POLITICAL autonomy - Abstract
The onset of the independence process in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries during the 1990s was marked by tremendous optimism and a declared wish for stronger fiscal decentralisation and the transfer of powers, responsibilities and resources to the units of local and regional self-government that were supposed to be closest to citizens in resolving their daily problems. However, this has not happened in these countries, at least not according to the basic financial decentralisation indicators, and this is the main thesis of this work. Despite numerous adjustments made in the local self-government organisation in the observed countries, an optimum level of local and regional self-government organisation has still not been achieved. The units of local and regional self-government are still heavily dependent on, or rather restricted by, the strong central governments, which reduces their autonomy and their influence on the local social and economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
4. Central and Eastern Europe: New Member States (NMS) Policy Forum, 2014, Selected Issues Paper
- Author
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International Monetary Fund
- Subjects
History ,Finland ,European Economic and Monetary Union ,Euro ,Estonia ,Bank supervision ,Banking systems ,Belarus ,Belgium ,Banks ,Bulgaria ,Bosnia and Herzegovina ,Austria ,Azerbaijan ,Armenia ,Albania ,Central American Bank for Economic Integration ,Central and Eastern Europe ,Croatia ,Cyprus ,Czech Republic ,Denmark ,Kazakhstan ,Kyrgyz Republic ,Kosovo ,Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of ,Luxembourg ,Lithuania ,Liechtenstein ,Latvia ,Ireland ,Moldova ,Norway ,Montenegro ,Fiscal policy ,France ,Georgia ,Germany ,Hungary ,Iceland ,Slovenia ,Slovak Republic ,Serbia ,Selected Issues Papers ,Romania ,Russian Federation ,Poland ,Pension reforms ,Uzbekistan ,Switzerland ,Sweden ,Tajikistan ,Ukraine ,United Kingdom ,currency, inflation, exchange rate, peg, currencies ,Computer Science Applications ,Education - Published
- 2015
5. Chinese investments abroad: examining the spillover effects in Eastern and Central Europe
- Author
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Ramasamy, Bala and Yeung, Matthew
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Rethinking the Relationship between the Study of Religions, Theology and Religious Concerns: A Response to Some Aspects of Wiebe's and Martin's Paper.
- Author
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Bubík, Tomáš
- Subjects
- *
DELUSIONS , *RELIGIOUS studies , *COGNITION - Abstract
This response deals with some aspects of Luther Martin and Donald Wiebe's paper "Religious Studies as a Scientific Discipline: The Persistence of a Delusion". The authors think that the human mind in general constantly tends towards religiousness and thus comprehensive scientific inquiry into religion is actually impossible. They argue that "such study is not ever likely to occur in that or any other setting" (p. 9). They also stress that they were deluded in the past and argue that especially (or only) the cognitive approach can help us to elucidate the proclivity towards religiousness. I partly agree with them, particularly that the promotion of "extra-scientific" agendas in Academia is questionable, but I do not see it as such a serious problem. The reduction of the biases to only "religious" agendas is mistaken. The history of the field is a history of diverse "extra-scientific" agendas which change in accordance with social development and prevailing political interests. I present the situation from a central and eastern European point of view. At the same time, I argue that many scientific fields deal with the same issue, even if not to such an extent. This is because religious studies, more than other disciplines, attracts scholars with a special inclination toward religion. I also argue that scholarly results are much more important than "personal" agendas. Also, the aspiration of religious studies as presented by Martin and Wiebe seems to me too idealistic, perhaps utopist and thus unrealizable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
7. Return migration and embedding: through the lens of Brexit as an unsettling event.
- Author
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Grabowska, Izabela and Ryan, Louise
- Subjects
RETURN migration ,BRITISH withdrawal from the European Union, 2016-2020 ,COUNTRY of origin (Immigrants) ,ORIGIN of life ,HINTERLAND ,PARALLEL processing - Abstract
This introductory paper, reflecting the Thematic Cluster of four papers, brings together two themes that are important for migration studies: return migration and embedding. Beyond any simplistic assumptions of settlement and permanent integration back into the origin country, following return, or notions of ongoing unfettered mobility back and forth over time, this article knits together data from the cluster papers, focusing on Lithuania and Poland, to explore factors that lead to return, or indeed non-return, and subsequent experiences in the 'home' country for those who do return. Moreover, using mixed methods, including longitudinal research, we advance a theoretical framework facilitating an examination of how returnees negotiate their lives in the origin society and whether they intend to stay, or migrate again, through the conceptual lens of embedding. While emphasising agency and effort, embedding also recognises structural constraints that may impede migrants' expectations and aspirations. Hence, return migration may involve parallel processes of re-embedding but also experiences of dis-embedding as the hoped for return project encounters unexpected obstacles and may result in further migration. In mapping the field of return migration, through the concept of embedding, we focus on the impact of Brexit as 'an unsettling event'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Circular economy discourses in the Central and Eastern European countries.
- Author
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VAJDA, Boglárka and DRĂGAN, Gabriela
- Subjects
CIRCULAR economy ,DISCOURSE analysis ,ECONOMIC models ,DISCOURSE ,COUNTRIES - Abstract
The practical implementation of a circular economy in the European Union poses significant challenges, notably for the EU-11 (Central and Eastern Europe) countries. The aim of this paper is to analyze the transition of the EU-11 countries toward a CE by examining existing circular strategies, national-level policies, as well as bottom-up initiatives, and on the other hand to explore the prevalent circularity discourses within the EU-11 countries. The study employs a discourse analysis method to comprehensively examine documents related to the CE aspects. This methodology integrates both quantitative categorization (codes and categories) and qualitative interpretation (reading and explanation) to support the understanding of circularity discourses. The results of this paper indicate that the countries within the EU-11 are actively advancing their efforts towards a CE. These countries are seen to be proactively developing a circular vision and setting ambitious objectives to facilitate a transition to a circular economic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
9. Multinationals and the evolving contours of their human management practices in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union
- Author
-
Poór, József, Engle, Allen D., Kovács, Ildikó Éva, Morley, Michael J., Kerekes, Kinga, Slavic, Agnes, Berber, Nemanja, Juhász, Timea, Zaharie, Monica, Legnerova, Katerina, Dvorakova, Zuzana, Stor, Marzena, Suchodolski, Adam, Buzády, Zoltán, and Abdrazakova, Ainur
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Complete but Fragmented: Research on Energy in Central and Eastern Europe.
- Author
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Oravcová, Veronika, Yakovenko, Kateryna, and Mišík, Matúš
- Subjects
WEB databases ,ENERGY consumption ,ENERGY security ,NUCLEAR energy ,SCHOLARLY periodicals - Abstract
This paper examines 16 years (2004–2019) of research on energy in eleven Central and Eastern European countries. The findings are based on an analysis of 3534 academic articles indexed in the Web of Knowledge database. The paper presents a systematic overview of the authorship, journal of publication, countries covered, and article content. The main conclusion is that the discussion is fragmented, because most of the journals (800 were identified) published only one paper on energy in the region. About one-fourth of the research was published in a handful of major journals. Male researchers dominated our dataset and there has been a visible increase in the average number of authors per article. The country most often covered by the research was Poland and energy efficiency was the most-discussed issue and renewables the most-frequently researched energy source. Surprisingly, nuclear energy and energy security, considered to be the dominant features of the CEE region energy picture, were studied only minimally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF ARMED CONFLICTS IN SELECTED EURASIAN COUNTRIES AT THE TURN OF THE 21ST CENTURY.
- Author
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Leśniewski, Leszek
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,CONFLICT management ,COBB-Douglas production function ,ECONOMIC structure - Abstract
Copyright of Economic & Regional Studies/Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Varieties of capitalism, governance, and high‐tech export performance : A fuzzy‐set analysis of the new EU member states
- Author
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Allen, Matthew M.C., Aldred, Maria L., Bedo, Zsolt, Dermirbag, Mehmet, and Wood, Geoffrey
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Determinants of Bank Profitability in CEE Countries: Evidence from GMM Panel Data Estimates.
- Author
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Horobet, Alexandra, Radulescu, Magdalena, Belascu, Lucian, and Dita, Sandra Maria
- Subjects
BANK profits ,PANEL analysis ,FINANCIAL crises ,UNEMPLOYMENT statistics ,NONPERFORMING loans ,CAPITALIZATION rate ,GROWTH rate - Abstract
Given the high resilience of the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) banking sectors during the last financial crisis and their major role in the CEE region in financing the economy and supporting the high growth rates achieved there, our paper investigates the determinants of banking profitability in the CEE banking sectors based on a Generalized Method of Methods (GMM) approach using data between 2009 and 2018. We have selected determinants from the macroeconomic factors and from the financial-banking specific factors using a two-step GMM method. Our findings demonstrate that unemployment rate, inflation, budget balance, non-governmental credit, non-performing loan rates, concentration rate and capitalization rate negatively impact on the banking profitability in the CEE banking sectors. According to these findings, some policy recommendations were elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Circular economy discourses in the Central and Eastern European countries
- Author
-
Boglárka VAJDA and Gabriela DRĂGAN
- Subjects
circular economy ,circular discourse ,central and eastern europe ,Political institutions and public administration (General) ,JF20-2112 - Abstract
The practical implementation of a circular economy in the European Union poses significant challenges, notably for the EU-11 (Central and Eastern Europe) countries. The aim of this paper is to analyze the transition of the EU-11 countries toward a CE by examining existing circular strategies, national-level policies, as well as bottom-up initiatives, and on the other hand to explore the prevalent circularity discourses within the EU-11 countries. The study employs a discourse analysis method to comprehensively examine documents related to the CE aspects. This methodology integrates both quantitative categorization (codes and categories) and qualitative interpretation (reading and explanation) to support the understanding of circularity discourses. The results of this paper indicate that the countries within the EU-11 are actively advancing their efforts towards a CE. These countries are seen to be proactively developing a circular vision and setting ambitious objectives to facilitate a transition to a circular economic model.
- Published
- 2024
15. Diversity within commonality: A comparative study of the impact of foreign direct investment and trade openness on economic growth.
- Author
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Bieleń, Martyna, Ikani, Kingsley Success, and Włodarczyk, Julia
- Subjects
FOREIGN investments ,ECONOMIC expansion ,OPENNESS to experience ,FOREIGN study ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,PANEL analysis - Abstract
The relationships between foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness, and economic growth are complex and analyzed by many researchers. Still, there are some gaps in our knowledge as literature documents positive, negative, and ambiguous impact of FDI and trade openness on economic growth. This paper addresses one of these gaps and focuses on the similarities and differences among countries from Central and Eastern Europe and West Africa. The econometric analysis covers the 1995-2022 period and employs panel data methods to reveal the long-term positive impact of FDI and trade openness on economic growth in West African countries and long-term positive impact of FDI on economic growth in Central and Eastern European countries. We also demonstrate that apart from cross-border linkages captured by FDI and trade flows, economic growth in Central and Eastern European countries positively correlates with global economic development, however, in case of West Africa this effect is statistically insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. How have the European central bank’s monetary policies been affecting financial markets in CEE-3 countries?
- Author
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Grabowski, Wojciech and Stawasz-Grabowska, Ewa
- Subjects
Original Paper ,F36 ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Bond ,G15 ,Financial market ,Equity (finance) ,Financial system ,Interest rate ,Exchange rate ,Sovereignty ,Spillover effect ,AGDCC-GARCH model ,Economics ,C58 ,Spillover effects ,ECB’s monetary policy ,E58 ,G12 ,Central and eastern europe ,Outright Monetary Transactions ,media_common - Abstract
This paper aims to contribute to the growing pool of literature on the spillover effects of the European Central Bank’s (un)conventional monetary policies on the exchange rate, sovereign bond and equity markets of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland (CEE-3 countries), which are collectively known as the CEE-3 countries. The study is conducted using daily data from January 2010 to September 2019. Our results indicate that the financial markets of the CEE-3 countries have been strongly influenced by the nonstandard measures enacted by the European Central Bank, particularly those involving purchases of euro-area sovereign debt. The strongest spillover effects were identified for the Securities Markets Program, while the effects from the Outright Monetary Transactions program turned out to be the most durable. At the same time, the financial markets of the CEE-3 countries were found to have been largely unaffected by interest rate changes enacted by the European Central Bank.
- Published
- 2020
17. Strangers in a Strange Land: Legitimacy Formation by Polish Multinationals Venturing into Sub-Saharan Africa.
- Author
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Wąsowska, Aleksandra, Obłój, Krzysztof, and Kopiński, Dominik
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,INTERNATIONAL markets ,GLOBALIZATION ,BUSINESS enterprises - Abstract
Our paper revisits one of the fundamental questions of International Business (IB) scholarship, investigating the ways through which multinational enterprises (MNEs) establish legitimacy when entering a foreign market. We address this question in a novel context of Central and Eastern European (CEE) firms venturing into Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), employing a multiple case study approach. We investigate the process of legitimacy formation by Polish firms entering SSA for market-seeking reasons. We find that the firms studied use their initial liabilities of foreignness, outsidership, and origin as starting points for pragmatic, moral, and cognitive legitimacy-building by developing narratives that neutralize the distance between themselves and important local stakeholders. Our findings contribute to an understanding of the contingent nature of 'liabilities' in IB literature and shed light on the role of narratives in the internationalization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Living with Corruption in Central and Eastern Europe: Social Identity and the Role of Moral Disengagement
- Author
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Katalin Takacs Haynes and Matevž Matt Rašković
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Social psychology (sociology) ,Corruption ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Moral disengagement ,Central and Eastern Europe ,FOS: Economics and business ,150599 Marketing not elsewhere classified ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Political science ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Normalization (sociology) ,Business and International Management ,European union ,220199 Applied Ethics not elsewhere classified ,Social identity theory ,Expert interviews ,media_common ,150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified ,Original Paper ,Ethical decision ,Social psychology framework ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion ,Political economy ,Law ,Social cognitive theory - Abstract
We examine corruption across three Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries (Hungary, North Macedonia and Slovenia) through a social psychology framework which integrates social identity theory, social cognitive theory and moral disengagement mechanisms. We illustrate how various social identities influence individual and collective action in terms of ethical behavior and corruption, thereby creating, maintaining and perpetuating petty, grand and systemic public/private corruption through triadic co-determination via cognition, behavior and the environment. Despite growing research on corruption normalization, less is known about the cognitive and behavioral mechanisms in ethical decision making, the cognitive workings of how individuals reconcile unethical behavior and the social psychological processes behind corruption in society and organizations. Expert interviews reveal internally conflicted multi-layered social identities perpetuating corruption, some embedded in nationalistic history and others tied to the European Union, which supports the divergent paths of CEE countries since the fall of communism. Some moral disengagement mechanisms are common across all three countries, while others are linked to specific circumstances. Social identity mechanisms feed into moral disengagement, which individuals draw upon to reconcile the conflict between unethical behavior and moral codes. Patterns of moral disengagement aggregate to the country level and explain normalization of corruption in CEE society and organizations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10551-021-04927-9.
- Published
- 2021
19. Beyond a “varieties of capitalism” approach in Central and Eastern Europe : Some lessons from Ukraine
- Author
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Williams, Colin C., Nadin, Sara, Rodgers, Peter, Bedo, Zsolt, Dermirbag, Mehmet, and Wood, Geoffrey
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Determinants of substantial public debt reductions in Central and Eastern European Countries
- Author
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Lilli Zimmermann and Sofia Semik
- Subjects
Original Paper ,Public debt ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Government debt ,Central and Eastern Europe ,Logistic probability model ,Development ,Fiscal policy ,Eastern european ,H6 ,Debt ,European integration ,Development economics ,Financial crisis ,Economics ,Revenue ,C35 ,E62 ,media_common ,Public finance - Abstract
Government debt development is a timeless issue in economics that has gained even more attention in light of the global financial crisis and the Covid 19 pandemic crisis. The following paper uses several specifications of a logistic probability model to examine the key determinants underlying substantial public debt reductions in Central and Eastern European EU Member States for the period 1996–2020. The results suggest that fiscal adjustments are more likely to be successful in reducing public debt if they are based on expenditure cuts rather than revenue increases. In this context, cuts in social benefits and government employee compensation prove to be particularly effective. In addition, favourable economic growth rates increase the probability of a substantial reduction in government debt.
- Published
- 2021
21. UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISM OF INDIVIDUAL CONSTITUTIONAL COMPLAINTS IN LITHUANIA: MAIN FEATURES AND CHALLENGES OF THE FIRST YEARS OF APPLICATION.
- Author
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Pūraitė-Andrikienė, Dovilė
- Subjects
LEGAL remedies ,SCIENTIFIC method ,LINGUISTIC analysis ,CIVIL rights ,CONSTITUTIONAL courts ,HUMAN rights - Abstract
Background: The mechanism of individual constitutional complaints has been in place in most European states. In the constitutional legal practice of European states, constitutional complaints as the specific procedural instrument for protecting a person's constitutional rights and freedoms have become an increasingly acceptable, applicable, and justifiable measure. However, Lithuania has introduced this mechanism of human rights protection only with constitutional amendments of 2019. This article examines the legal regulation governing the institution of constitutional complaints, as well as the use of this institution in Lithuania in 2019-2022. The research aims to shed light on the choice of the Lithuanian model of constitutional complaints and its main features, as well as to identify the problematic aspects of this model. Methods: To reveal theoretical and practical aspects of the question under consideration, this article combines different methods of scientific inquiry, including analysis of documents, as well as the logical, systemic, critical, comparative, teleological, and linguistic methods of analysis. The method of document content analysis was used to analyse the content of relevant normative and jurisprudential research sources. This approach used the text of the analysed documents to identify relevant words and phrases, contextualise their usage, and link the acquired data to statements in specialised literature. The analysis hinged on theoretical methods, particularly systemic and logical analysis, used to analyse virtually all the aspects discussed in the paper. Comparative analysis was used to compare the legal regulation of the constitutional complaint model in other Central and Eastern European countries and the Lithuanian legal regulation on similar issues. Teleological and linguistic methods of analysis have been used to clarify the content of the ambiguously understood provisions governing the individual constitutional complaint model, the true intentions of the legislator, and the meaning of the concepts contained in the legislation. The paper also analyses the statistical information on the admissibility of constitutional complaints in Lithuania and other aspects of using this human rights protection mechanism in 2019-2022. Results and conclusion. The paper concludes that after the amendments to the Constitution concerning the consolidation of individual constitutional complaints entered into force in 2019, Lithuania can no longer be categorised among the states with a limited scope of entities entitled to apply to the constitutional court and that the consolidation of the institution of individual constitutional complaints in Lithuania was undoubtedly a necessary step. The paper also concludes that most of the elements of the Lithuanian constitutional complaint model in the context of effective human rights protection should be viewed positively and align with the tendencies existing in other Central and Eastern European states. However, it's essential to acknowledge that Lithuania's national model of constitutional complaints falls short in providing certain effective legal remedies that have proved to be successful in other states of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Productivity Change in the CEE Commercial Banks during a Period of Restricted Bank Regulation and Stable Economic Growth.
- Author
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Stubelj, Igor, Trunk, Aleš, Švagan, Barbara, and Laporšek, Suzana
- Subjects
BANKING industry ,BANKING laws ,ECONOMIC expansion ,DIGITAL transformation ,DIGITAL technology ,INTERMEDIATION (Finance) ,PRODUCTIVITY accounting ,INDUSTRIAL productivity - Abstract
The paper studies the productivity change of the commercial banks in the CEE countries over the post-crisis period 2013–2018. The productivity change is measured by the Malmquist Productivity Index and its sub-components, applying two approaches—the asset-oriented and profit-oriented intermediation approaches. The analysis uses data from a balanced panel of 181 commercial banks in 11 CEE countries. We find that commercial banks' productivity, measured with the asset-oriented intermediation approach, decreased in most of the CEE countries over 2013–2018, with a decline ranging, on average, from 1% to 6.9%, driven mainly by a decline in technical efficiency. Nevertheless, estimates using the profit-intermediation approach point to productivity growth in commercial banks in all CEE countries, ranging, on average, from 0.5% to 6.3%. The empirical findings imply the need for the CEE commercial banks to further digital transformation and cost rationalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Changing workplace relations in foreign investment firms in Poland
- Author
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Hardy, Jane, Kozek, Wleslawa, Bedo, Zsolt, Dermirbag, Mehmet, and Wood, Geoffrey
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Expenditures on Mental Health Care in the Czech Republic in 2015
- Author
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Hana M. Broulíková, Martin Dlouhy, Petr Winkler, Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, APH - Methodology, and APH - Mental Health
- Subjects
Czech ,Mental Health Services ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Central and Eastern Europe ,OECD system of health accounts ,Environmental health ,Health care ,medicine ,Production (economics) ,Mental health care reform ,Humans ,Expenditures on psychiatric care ,Czech Republic ,Estimation ,Service (business) ,Original Paper ,Inpatient care ,business.industry ,Public health ,Mental Disorders ,language.human_language ,Hospitalization ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,language ,Mental health care ,Business ,Health Expenditures ,Deinstitutionalization - Abstract
Expenditures on mental health care in the Czech Republic are not being published regularly, yet they are indispensable for evaluation of the ongoing reform of Czech mental health care. The main objective of this study is to estimate the size of these expenditures in 2015 and make a comparison with the last available figures from the year 2006. The estimation is based on an OECD methodology of health accounts, which structures health care expenditures according to health care functions, provider industries, and payers. The expenditures are further decomposed according to diagnoses, and inputs used in service production. The amount spent on mental health care in 2015 reached more than 13.7 billion Czech korunas (EUR 501.6 million), which represented 4.08% of the total health care expenditures. This ratio is almost identical with the 2006 share (4.14%). There are no significant changes in the relative expenditures on mental health care and in the structure of service provision. The Czech mental health care system remains largely hospital based with most of all mental health care expenditures being spent on inpatient care. Future developments in the expenditures will indicate the success of the current effort to deinstitutionalise mental health care. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11126-019-09688-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2020
25. Rise of remote work across borders: opportunities and implications for migrant-sending countries.
- Author
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Mieriņa, Inta and Šūpule, Inese
- Subjects
TELECOMMUTING ,COVID-19 pandemic ,LABOR market ,CAPITAL losses ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,HUMAN capital - Abstract
Contact restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to the rapid expansion of remote work. With this expansion, new opportunities arise for the typical migrant-sending countries in Central and Eastern Europe to remotely involve their diaspora in their labor market. The aim of this paper is, by using the case study of Latvia, to show the potential of cross-border remote work for alleviating human capital losses caused by emigration. We assess the main obstacles and necessary adjustments in taxes, social benefits, labor market regulation and other areas to facilitate the labor market transition and show what incentives the country can use to become a place of choice for performing remote work for the diaspora. Combining the perspectives of employers, employees and the government, this study sheds new light on the challenges and opportunities related to the rise of remote work for countries suffering from emigration. The comprehensive analysis builds on triangulating secondary data, analysis of policy documents, a survey of employers, as well as a survey and in-depth interviews with cross-border remote workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Econometric Insights into Non-Governmental Credit Fluctuations: A Case Study of Romania.
- Author
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Ene, Cezar Cătălin
- Subjects
MONEY supply ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,ENERGY shortages ,UNEMPLOYMENT statistics ,PRICE inflation ,INDEPENDENT variables - Abstract
In this scientific paper, we will conduct a multiple regression analysis using the nongovernmental credit (NGC) as the dependent variable and the inflation rate, unemployment rate and the M2 -- money supply as independent variables, over a ten-year period, specifically the period of 2013-2022. The study was conducted analyzing the macroeconomic data of Romania and the purpose of this paper is to perform multiple regression analysis method to determine how turbulences such as the pandemic crisis, the Russian-Ukrainian war, and the energy crisis, have impacted the nongovernmental lending activity and to find whether there is a significant association as determining factors (a correlation) between the mentioned variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
27. Beer branding in British and Czech companies: a comparative study
- Author
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Lewis, Chris and Vickerstaff, Angela
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Cost-of-illness studies in nine Central and Eastern European countries
- Author
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Petra Baji, Konstantin Tachkov, Susanne Mayer, Judit Simon, Márta Péntek, Maciej Niewada, Fanni Rencz, Alexandru Rotar, Zsuzsanna Beretzky, Rok Hren, Valentin Brodszky, László Gulácsi, Graduate School, APH - Aging & Later Life, and APH - Quality of Care
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Slovakia ,Croatia ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,Slovenia ,MEDLINE ,Central and Eastern Europe ,CINAHL ,Cochrane Library ,03 medical and health sciences ,The Czech Republic ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cost of Illness ,Cost of illness ,Medicine ,Humans ,Disease ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Europe, Eastern ,I10 ,Bulgaria ,Disease burden ,Original Paper ,Hungary ,Health economics ,business.industry ,Romania ,030503 health policy & services ,Health Policy ,Public health ,Cost-of-illness ,Eastern european ,Europe ,Models, Economic ,Austria ,Poland ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background To date, a multi-country review evaluating the cost-of-illness (COI) studies from the Central and Eastern European (CEE) region has not yet been published. Our main objective was to provide a general description about published COI studies from CEE. Methods A systematic search was performed between 1 January 2006 and 1 June 2017 in Medline, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science to identify all relevant COI studies from nine CEE countries. COI studies reporting costs without any restrictions by age, co-morbidities, or treatment were included. Methodology, publication standards, and cost results were analysed. Results We identified 58 studies providing 83 country-specific COI results: Austria (n = 9), Bulgaria (n = 16), Croatia (n = 3), the Czech Republic (n = 10), Hungary (n = 24), Poland (n = 11), Romania (n = 3), Slovakia (n = 3), and Slovenia (n = 4). Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (18%), neoplasms (12%), infections (11%), and neurological disorders (11%) were the most frequently studied clinical areas, and multiple sclerosis was the most commonly studied disease. Overall, 57 (98%) of the studies explicitly stated the source of resource use data, 45 (78%) the study perspective, 34 (64%) the costing method, and 24 (58%) reported at least one unit costs. Regardless of methodological differences, a positive relationship was observed between costs of diseases and countries’ per capita GDP. Conclusions Cost-of-illness studies varied considerably in terms of methodology, publication practice, and clinical areas. Due to these heterogeneities, transferability of the COI results is limited across Central and Eastern European countries. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10198-019-01066-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2019
29. IN SEARCH OF ORIGINALITY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN LEGAL CULTURE CULTURE(S) 4TH ANNUAL CEENELS CONFERENCE: LEGAL INNOVATIVENESS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE MOSCOW, 14-15 JUNE 2019.
- Author
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Szymaniec, Piotr
- Subjects
LEGAL conferences ,COMPARATIVE law - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Luridica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2021
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30. A contested foundation of European integration: The free movement of labour.
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FARKAS, BEÁTA, MÁTÉ, ANDOR, and RÁCZ, TAMÁS
- Subjects
EUROPEAN Union membership ,COVID-19 pandemic ,LABOR movement ,EUROPEAN integration ,POLITICAL agenda - Abstract
Since the eastern enlargement of the European Union (EU), the movement from east to west has become the main driver of intra-EU mobility. Recently, the free movement of labour has been contested not only in the debates around Brexit, but also in other receiving countries. It is not on the political agenda, but several studies have highlighted the economic and demographic effects of massive emigration in eastern EU Member States. More recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the functioning of free movement. Economic integration theory assumes that migration continues until wages are equalized in the receiving and sending countries. This paper analyses the perception of intra-EU mobility in the literature and empirically tests whether there is a relationship between the dynamism of income growth in the receiving (Germany, Austria and Spain) and sending (Central and Eastern European) countries, and the dynamism of migration. The empirical results do not support the neoclassical assumption that an equalization mechanism can function, even in the long run. To cope with recent challenges, this paper argues that free movement should not be considered as an element of a spontaneous market mechanism, but as an economic-political product, based on a constitutional order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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31. Supply Chain Interconnectedness in Times of Crises: A Gravity Model with DiD Analysis of COVID-19 Effects on Central and Eastern European Trade.
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Burinskas, Arūnas, Cohen, Viktorija, and Droždz, Jolanta
- Subjects
GRAVITY model (Social sciences) ,GLOBAL value chains ,COVID-19 pandemic ,COVID-19 ,WESTERN countries ,SUPPLY chains - Abstract
This paper explores the impact of COVID-19-induced disruptions on supply chains, specifically focusing on the interconnectedness of supply chains and the transmission effects they cause. The gravity model framework, together with difference-in-differences analysis, is employed to analyze monthly trade patterns among Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, Western European countries, and other trading partner countries. The model presented accounts for the country's roles in global value chains (GVCs) by incorporating data related to exports, imports of intermediate and capital goods, and imports of final consumption goods. CEE countries have demonstrated a certain resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, they were not immune to adverse consequences due to disrupted supply chains, primarily in the imports of intermediate and capital goods. We find that the countries that suffered from the COVID-19 pandemic the least demonstrated remarkable resilience against disrupted GVCs. The findings of our study enrich the literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically for the CEE region, by providing a framework for understanding the pandemic's impact on international trade. The results show that supply shock might be greater than demand shocks on production and trade dynamics. Furthermore, our results suggest that policymakers seek adaptability to changing supply and demand patterns, while enterprises should consider broader diversification both within the region and locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. From Westernization to Internationalization: Research Collaboration Networks of Communication Scholars From Central and Eastern Europe.
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DEMETER, MARTON, VOZAB, DINA, and SEGADO BOJ, FRANCISCO JOSÉ
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WESTERNIZATION ,GLOBALIZATION ,REGIONAL identity (Psychology) ,MEDIA studies - Abstract
The internationalization of communication studies has become a trending topic over the past decades, and there have been many efforts to increase the geographical diversity of the discipline. International collaboration has succeeded in internationalizing the field, and different world regions offer particular strategies for cooperation. However, there is no "royal road" for successful internationalization, and different world regions follow their own trajectories. In this article, we discuss the historical, cultural, and disciplinary features of Central and Eastern European (CEE) communication research and then provide an analysis of the region's international collaboration in research publishing over the past 20 years. Results point to a growing level of CEE internationalization with expanding geographical diversity, but intra-regional collaboration is still weak. We argue that to raise the international competitiveness of the region, CEE communication scholars might have to develop a regional identity by increasing strategic cooperation between different countries of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
33. COVID-19 Crisis and International Trade. Two Country Cases.
- Author
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TUDORACHE, Adrian Tudor
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,GLOBAL Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,ECONOMIC impact ,EXPORTS - Abstract
The recent COVID-19 health crisis determined a global economic crisis and numerous economic consequences at different levels. In these conditions, the study of the economic impact of the health crisis became a necessity. Therefore, the present paper focuses on the study of the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on international economic relations, using the example of two countries. Based on the regression methodology it was measured the impact of the COVID-19 burden on the international trade flows of two European countries, namely Romania and Hungary. The results of the research illustrated that the COVID-19 burden had an effect on international trade in the two countries. However, the influences differed in the two countries, with the exports flows being more affected than imports in both countries and with exports in Hungary being more affected that those of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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34. Bridging the gap between climate models and impact studies: the FORESEE Database
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Ferenc Horváth, Laura Dobor, Ágnes Havasi, Tomáš Hlásny, Péter Ittzés, Judit Bartholy, and Zoltán Barcza
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Data Papers ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0207 environmental engineering ,Central and Eastern Europe ,Climate change ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,Blueprint ,11. Sustainability ,020701 environmental engineering ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Dissemination ,climatological database ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Database ,Frame (networking) ,Cru ,bias correction ,Geography ,13. Climate action ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Climate model ,computer ,Data Paper ,Downscaling - Abstract
Studies on climate change impacts are essential for identifying vulnerabilities and developing adaptation options. However, such studies depend crucially on the availability of reliable climate data. In this study, we introduce the climatological database called FORESEE (Open Database for Climate Change Related Impact Studies in Central Europe), which was developed to support the research of and adaptation to climate change in Central and Eastern Europe: the region where knowledge of possible climate change effects is inadequate. A questionnaire-based survey was used to specify database structure and content. FORESEE contains the seamless combination of gridded daily observation-based data (1951-2013) built on the E-OBS and CRU TS datasets, and a collection of climate projections (2014-2100). The future climate is represented by bias-corrected meteorological data from 10 regional climate models (RCMs), driven by the A1B emission scenario. These latter data were developed within the frame of the ENSEMBLES FP6 project. Although FORESEE only covers a limited area of Central and Eastern Europe, the methodology of database development, the applied bias correction techniques, and the data dissemination method, can serve as a blueprint for similar initiatives.
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- 2015
35. Crowddoing and crowdfunding democracy: Innovative strategies for countering foreign disinformation in Central and Eastern Europe.
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Markowitz, Shane
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DISINFORMATION ,CROWD funding ,DEMOCRACY ,GOVERNMENT policy ,RUSSIAN invasion of Ukraine, 2022- - Abstract
Central and Eastern Europe has become a ripe target for disinformation and malign narratives propagated by foreign actors. A deluge of propaganda deployed by hostile states is aimed at polarizing societies, undermining the decision-making capabilities of governments, and influencing public policy. Against the backdrop of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the stakes are enormous. Heeding research on debunking and pre-bunking strategies recognizing the limitations and potential of these approaches in inoculating populations against disinformation, this paper examines how several tactics deployed in the CEE region can both speak to and draw from this literature. While certain segments of CEE populations may be vulnerable to disinformation, the region also boasts civically engaged publics that want to take an active part in fostering societal resilience. The rise of digital elves (volunteer information warriors taking the fight to online trolls), the outsourcing of counter-disinformation activities to popular public institutions (like the police and military), and the use of crowdfunding to support news literacy education and independent media outlets present compelling alternative strategies towards responding to foreign influence. These activities show promise in overcoming obstacles faced by conventional approaches to disinformation and addressing CEE-specific issues related to media distrust and state capture of the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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36. Regulatory barriers for fintech companies in Central and Eastern Europe.
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SHALA, Albulena and PERRI, Rezarta
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FINANCIAL technology ,BANKING industry ,DEVELOPING countries ,BUSINESS enterprises ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
Fintech is the delivery of financial products and services to consumers using a combination of innovation and technology. Fintech offers new solutions that have the potential to replace traditional banking operations. The paper presents, as the first contribution of its kind, a summary of the legislation and innovation facilitators provided by Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries for fintech companies. The purpose of this paper is to identify the barriers and challenges created for fintech companies by the current legislation. Another goal is to see how the regulatory environment adapts to the challenges presented by these technology-based companies operating in the financial and banking sectors. Using a comparative analysis, the most progressive countries regarding the preparation of legislation and the facilities that they create for fintech companies are Estonia, Lithuania, and the Republic of Slovakia. The least developed countries in terms of legislation and facilities for fintech companies are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Serbia. Regulators in some CEE countries have created Regulatory Sandboxes and Innovation Offices, but fintech companies face many challenges, such as a lack of regulations, the prohibition of fintech companies' activities, and the existence of two different regulators. The study also analyzes the results of the DiGiX index for the years 2018 and 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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37. The Role of Spatial Plans Adopted at the Local Level in the Spatial Planning Systems of Central and Eastern European Countries.
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Nowak, Maciej, Petrisor, Alexandru-Ionut, Mitrea, Andrei, Kovács, Krisztina Filepné, Lukstina, Gunta, Jürgenson, Evelin, Ladzianska, Zuzana, Simeonova, Velislava, Lozynskyy, Roman, Rezac, Vit, Pantyley, Viktoriya, Praneviciene, Birute, Fakeyeva, Liudmila, Mickiewicz, Bartosz, and Blaszke, Małgorzata
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SPATIAL systems ,ANALOGY ,COUNTRIES - Abstract
Highlights: Most CEE countries have at least two types of spatial plans at the local level. In every CEE country, at least one type of spatial plan is a universally binding legal act. A recurring problem in them is the appearance of barriers to the interpretation of planning provisions. Differences can be found across CEE countries, in relation to the role of spatial plans. A problem is the differentiation of the contents of the different types of plans. What are the main findings? There are major analogies in the countries studied regarding the legal formula of local spatial plans and the practical problems involved. The implementation of the spatial plans into other acts is a serious challenge in the countries studies. What is the implication of the main finding? A practical debate is needed on the optimal formula of spatial plans, based on the experience of the countries studied. It is necessary to develop an interdisciplinary discourse to help implement the findings of the plans more widely. The article deals with the issue of spatial plans at the local level. The aims of this paper are (1) extracting the characteristics of local spatial plans that can be compared more broadly (2) identifying, on this basis, the role of spatial plans at the local level in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). In achieving these aims, the authors have critically examined spatial plans and their performance, as well as the planning systems they belong to. Hence, they have investigated the types of local plans in each country, their legal features, and the layout of their content. This examination has revealed a host of problems in the workings of the CEE planning systems. The article highlights those spatial planning issues that could be the subject of more in-depth international comparisons. The study provides additional evidence that in countries where spatial plans are legislated, there are more (mutually differentiated) legal problems in their application. Such problems have been analyzed. Besides procedural problems, discrepancies between the contents of different types of plans (e.g., general plans and detailed plans) are very often a problem. The paper also proposes a novel method for detailed comparisons of selected aspects of spatial plans. It can be applied to a large number of countries and also to other aspects of spatial planning. Last but not least, the paper emphasizes the need for a detailed multi-stage consultation of each aspect to be compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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38. Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality in Eastern Europe: Longitudinal results from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe study
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Andrzej Pajak, Galina Simonova, Michael Marmot, Denes Stefler, Hynek Pikhart, Martin Bobak, Anne Peasey, Ruzena Kubinova, Urszula Stepaniak, and Sofia Malyutina
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Male ,Multivariate analysis ,Time Factors ,Epidemiology ,Health Status ,Comorbidity ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Vegetables ,mortality ,Central and Eastern Europe ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Europe, Eastern ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Original Scientific Papers ,former Soviet Union ,2. Zero hunger ,Hazard ratio ,Middle Aged ,Nutrition Surveys ,3. Good health ,Mental Health ,Quartile ,Hypertension ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Psychosocial ,Alcohol Drinking ,Fruit and vegetable intake ,Risk Assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Humans ,Disease burden ,CVD risk factors ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Feeding Behavior ,Protective Factors ,medicine.disease ,Health Surveys ,Diet ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Fruit ,Multivariate Analysis ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background It is estimated that disease burden due to low fruit and vegetable consumption is higher in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the former Soviet Union (FSU) than any other parts of the world. However, no large scale studies have investigated the association between fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake and mortality in these regions yet. Design The Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study is a prospective cohort study with participants recruited from the Czech Republic, Poland and Russia. Methods Dietary data was collected using food frequency questionnaire. Mortality data was ascertained through linkage with death registers. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios were calculated by Cox regression models. Results Among 19,333 disease-free participants at baseline, 1314 died over the mean follow-up of 7.1 years. After multivariable adjustment, we found statistically significant inverse association between cohort-specific quartiles of F&V intake and stroke mortality: the highest vs lowest quartile hazard ratio (HR) was 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28–0.98). For total mortality, significant interaction (p = 0.008) between F&V intake and smoking was found. The associations were statistically significant in smokers, with HR 0.70 (0.53–0.91, p for trend: 0.011) for total mortality, and 0.62 (0.40–0.97, p for trend: 0.037) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The association was appeared to be mediated by blood pressure, and F&V intake explained a considerable proportion of the mortality differences between the Czech and Russian cohorts. Conclusions Our results suggest that increasing F&V intake may reduce CVD mortality in CEE and FSU, particularly among smokers and hypertensive individuals.
- Published
- 2015
39. Deindustrialization, Tertiarization and Suburbanization in Central and Eastern Europe. Lessons Learned from Bucharest City, Romania.
- Author
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Săgeată, Radu, Mitrică, Bianca, Cercleux, Andreea-Loreta, Grigorescu, Ines, and Hardi, Tamás
- Subjects
CITIES & towns ,SUBURBS ,URBAN growth ,URBAN planning ,REGIONAL development ,DEINDUSTRIALIZATION ,SUBURBANIZATION - Abstract
This paper intends to delve deeply into the current understanding of the ways in which the transition from a central-based economy to an economy relying on free competition has led to changes in the big urban centers, bringing about a change in the relationships with the suburban areas. The authors take into account the high population density, the lack of space, and the elevated price of land within the big cities, which leads to urban functions migrating beyond the administrative boundaries, thus favoring the process of suburbanization. Given the context, commercial forces shift, migrating from the center to the urban peripheries or even outside them. This research is based on a comprehensive process of participative investigation (2012–2022) in Bucharest, Romania's capital city. The research relies on field investigation, statistical and quantitative analyses and bibliographical sources. The conclusions rely primarily on the idea that political changes cannot be separated from economic, cultural and environmental ones, highlighting globalizing flows and the development of big cities. Industrial activities, strongly developed within a central-based economy, have significantly declined, which is partly compensated for by the development of the tertiary sector and, in particular, of commercial services leading to a functional reconversion of the urban peripheries and of suburban areas. The conclusions suggest that it is very important to be highly careful regarding the dilemmas and challenges ensuing from uncontrolled urban growth; therefore, several measures of urban planning should be taken with a view to achieving a better cooperation between urban stakeholders and those from the metropolitan areas so as to attain some common objectives in infrastructure in order to reach an integrated regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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40. Exploring the Influence of Innovation and Technology on Climate Change.
- Author
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Apostu, Simona Andreea, Nichita, Elena Mirela, Manea, Cristina Lidia, Irimescu, Alina Mihaela, and Vulpoi, Marcel
- Subjects
CLEAN energy investment ,CLIMATE change ,FIXED effects model ,BUSINESS enterprises ,GREENHOUSE gases ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Considering the negative effect of anthropological activities on climate in recent decades, all countries entailed a universal commitment to fight against climate change by boosting innovation and introducing new technologies. In this context, our paper aimed to investigate the impact of innovation input in terms of research and development (R&D) costs and technology expressed as technical equipment and machinery (TEM) on the reported greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in chemical industry companies in five Central and Eastern European countries. This study employed a panel regression model with fixed effects and covered data from 2015 to 2020. The empirical results emphasize a negative relationship between R&D costs and GHG emissions, indicating the companies' commitment to developing innovative solutions that contribute to lower destructive emissions. Additionally, the findings related to the influence of TEM on GHG emissions reveal a positive impact, highlighting the need to improve manufacturing technologies. The practical implications of our findings can be meaningful for both policymakers and businesses operating in the chemical industry in developing countries. Policymakers should offer financial incentives to support research and investments in clean technologies, while businesses should prioritise such investments to mitigate GHG emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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41. Hidden Dynamics of Religion and Human Rights in Central and Eastern Europe.
- Author
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Máté-Tóth, András and Nagy, Gábor Dániel
- Subjects
HUMAN rights ,FREEDOM of religion ,RELIGIOUS identity ,GROUP identity ,JUDEO-Christian tradition ,SOCIAL status ,SOCIAL & economic rights - Abstract
The relationship between human rights and religion cannot be seen as a relationship between two entirely distinct sets of values Human rights are deeply rooted in the Judeo-Christian religious tradition. However, throughout history religious institutions have interpreted human rights differently and have supported or hindered their implementation. This paper discusses the relationship between human rights and religion in the social and cultural matrix of post-communist Central and Eastern Europe. Our statistical analysis focuses on Hungary as an example of the region. In our view, the variations in the relationship between human rights and religion in Central and Eastern Europe are primarily determined by the region's wounded collective identity and the resulting overriding national and state security needs. Politically and culturally, the region is characterized by its betweenness, embodied in centuries of vulnerability to the great powers. Therefore, the social status and political discourse of human rights and religion should be tied to this primary regional marker. While examining the relationship between religion and human rights, we should be aware that the primary relationship is between human rights and the collective identity of the nation-state and between religion and the identity of the nation-state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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42. To pay or not to pay? A multicountry study on informal payments for health-care services and consumers’ perceptions
- Author
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Irena Gryga, Tetiana Stepurko, Wim Groot, Milena Pavlova, Health Services Research, TIER TA, RS: CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, and RS: CAPHRI - R2 - Creating Value-Based Health Care
- Subjects
COUNTRIES ,Adult ,Male ,Financing, Personal ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Central and Eastern Europe ,Resistance (psychoanalysis) ,SECTOR ,Empirical research ,Perception ,Health care ,Humans ,Bulgaria ,Health policy ,media_common ,Hungary ,EXAMPLE ,Public economics ,Romania ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,informal patient payments ,CORRUPTION ,FACILITIES ,Lithuania ,perceived behaviour ,ALBANIA ,Health Services ,Payment ,health-care services ,Eastern european ,Informal payments ,Female ,Poland ,BRIBES ,Ukraine ,business ,Attitude to Health ,Original Research Papers - Abstract
Background Although the literature offers various theoretical explanations for the existence of informal patient payments, empirical research has mostly focused on socio-demographic features as determinants of these payments. The role of health-care users’ perceptions on informal payments are rarely taken into account especially in multicountry surveys. Objective Our aim is to examine the association between informal payments for health-care services and perceptions of health-care consumers about paying informally as well as socio-demographic characteristics. Design We use data from a multicountry quantitative empirical research conducted in 2010. Setting and participants A national representative sample is drawn in six Central and Eastern European countries – Bulgaria, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Ukraine. In each country, about 1000 respondents are interviewed. Main variables studied Data related to informal payments for health-care services consumed during the preceding 12 months are analysed in addition to data on respondents’ perceptions about paying informally and socio-demographic data. Results Health-care users in Bulgaria and Poland are less inclined to make informal payments, while health-care users in Romania and Ukraine most often report such payments. The informal payment rates for Hungary and Lithuania fall between these two groups. In all six countries, individuals who feel uncomfortable when leaving the physician's office without a gratuity and who feel unable to refuse the request of medical staff to pay informally, more often make informal payments. Conclusions Such consumers’ perceptions can undermine policy efforts to eradicate these payments; therefore, health policy measures should reinforce social resistance to informal payments.
- Published
- 2014
43. From local informalities to meritocracy. How Central and Eastern European social scientists perceive the norms of their field.
- Author
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HERENDY, Csilla, DEMETER, Márton, SIMON, Sára, and GOYANES, Manuel
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SOCIAL scientists ,MERITOCRACY ,CAREER development - Abstract
While there is extensive literature that discusses the historical and institutional background of the relative underdevelopment of Central and Eastern European (CEE) academia in social sciences, we have a limited knowledge on how academics of the region perceive the culture of their scholarly fields. Building upon survey data from 481 social scientists from 16 CEE countries, this paper analyses the perceived meritocracy of the academic system. We found significant positive associations between meritocracy, publication requirements for promotions and international publication records. Moreover, results show that academic capital is typically accumulated though informal networks and even from the family, while the role of formal education is less important. Our findings suggest that raising the level of meritocracy in promotion and recruitment processes might help increase the international visibility of CEE social sciences through a growth in international publications, but also indicated that research institutions should motivate CEE scholars with both financial rewards and a reduction in teaching duties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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44. The economic consequences of armed conflicts in selected Eurasian countries at the turn of the 21st century
- Author
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Leśniewski Leszek
- Subjects
armed conflict ,economic situation ,the balkans ,the caucasus ,central and eastern europe ,o11 ,o52 ,n14 ,n44 ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
The subject-matter of this paper is the economic situation in selected Eurasian countries affected by armed conflict at the turn of the 21st century. The aim of the paper is to assess the strength and impact of such conflict on the economic development of the affected countries from its outbreak until 2022.
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- 2024
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45. MUNICIPAL DIVORCES - THE UNDER RESEARCHED TOIPIC OF TERRITORIAL REFORMS IN EUROPE.
- Author
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Swianiewicz, Paweł
- Subjects
POLITICAL geography ,REFORMS ,DIVORCE ,MUNICIPAL services ,AMALGAMATION - Abstract
Territorial-administrative organization belongs to the most important and highly debated topics of political geography. The paper focuses on boundary changes on a municipal level. Territorial amalgamation reforms have attracted a lot of attention of scholars from different disciplines, recently resulting also in meta-analyses of studies of impacts of those reforms. But the opposite process - of territorial fragmentation (splits or "divorces" of municipalities) has not attracted sufficient attention of academic community. And in the practice of Central and Eastern Europe this type of reforms has been at least equally frequent and equally important as territorial consolidation reforms. Immediately after 1989/1990 turn-over we could note massive territorial fragmentation in several countries of former Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and some others. But also more recently, within last 20 years there have been several cases of "municipal divorces". The paper provides inventory and draws general picture of such changes in 7 countries of the region (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia) and discusses both factors beyond the divorce initiatives as well as possible consequences for local democracy and local public service provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Performance risk analysis on mutual funds versus stock exchanges in young financial markets.
- Author
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Nicolescu, Luminita, Tudorache, Florentin Gabriel, and Androniceanu, Armenia
- Subjects
STOCK funds ,STOCK exchanges ,FINANCIAL markets ,REGIONAL differences ,MUTUAL funds ,RISK assessment - Abstract
Financial markets play an important role in the economies of the world as they are supporting economic development. The present paper focuses on the young financial markets of Central and Eastern Europe with the focus on three selected cases: Romania, Slovakia and Hungary. In these countries, the capital markets are studied through the assessment of performances and risks associated with mutual funds by comparison with stock exchanges. Statistical documentation and statistical empirical research were used in order to compare mutual funds' evolution with the stock markets' evolution. The period of analysis also comprised the global financial and economic crisis, with obvious consequences on the results of the analysis. Among the main findings of the study are: mutual funds performed better (both in terms of returns and risks) than stock exchanges in the periods of economic turmoil; a movement from investing in highrisk assets (equity) towards investing in low-risk assets (bonds and monetary assets) takes place in the periods of economic distress; there were more similarities than differences in the evolutions of mutual funds and stock exchanges in these three countries, illustrating common characteristics at the regional level. The study concludes that mutual funds outperform stock markets, especially during economically difficult periods. This can be taken into consideration by fund administrators when deciding on their assets portfolio and when marketing their funds to investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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47. Assessment and Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia—A Regional Perspective.
- Author
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Bitter, Istvan, Mohr, Pavel, Raspopova, Natalia, Szulc, Agata, Samochowiec, Jerzy, Micluia, Ioana Valentina, Skugarevsky, Oleg, Herold, Róbert, Mihaljevic-Peles, Alma, Okribelashvili, Nino, Dragašek, Jozef, Adomaitiene, Virginija, Rancans, Elmars, Chihai, Jana, Maruta, Natalia, Marić, Nadja P., Milanova, Vihra, Tavčar, Rok, and Mosolov, Sergey
- Subjects
PERSONALITY change ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,SYMPTOMS ,REGIONAL differences ,ENGLISH literature - Abstract
Clinicians and researchers consider that there are a variety of symptoms that constitute negative symptoms in schizophrenia, and they may use different definitions for the same symptoms. These differences are also reflected in a variety of negative symptom rating scales. Both research and clinical work are negatively affected by the lack of consensus regarding the symptoms that constitute negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Leading research groups have investigated ways to reduce heterogeneity in the domain of negative symptoms in schizophrenia; however, little attention has been paid to regional differences in the concepts of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The objective of this review was to collect and summarize information about the assessment and treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Nineteen experts from 17 countries in CEE participated in this project. The participants collected information about their countries, including the following: (1) the most important publications about negative symptoms in schizophrenia (irrespective of the time of their publication); (2) the most frequently used negative symptom of schizophrenia in clinical practice; (3) definitions of frequently used negative symptoms; and (4) treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The participating experts/countries most frequently reported the following five negative symptoms: avolition, blunted affect, alogia, asociality, and anhedonia. Several experts also considered other symptoms as belonging to the negative symptom domain, such as a decrease in energy level and changes in personality. The importance of evaluating the long-term course and the relationship between negative symptoms and other symptom domains was also noted. No noticeable differences were reported in the treatment of negative symptoms compared to currently published guidelines and algorithms. The most frequently reported negative symptoms included those defined by the NIMH-MATRICS consensus statement on negative symptoms and recently endorsed in a guidance paper of the European Psychiatric Association. The main differences in the concepts, names, and definitions of primary negative symptoms, especially those related to personality changes, and to the evaluation of the long-term course and relationship between different symptom domains in CEE compared to the current English language literature deserve the attention of psychiatrists and other professionals in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Engaging in European Spatial Planning: A Central and Eastern European Perspective on the Territorial Cohesion Debate
- Author
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Neil Adams, Giancarlo Cotella, and Richard Nunes
- Subjects
Geography, Planning and Development ,Central and Eastern Europe ,territorial governance ,European studies ,European spatial planning ,europeanization ,territorial knowledge communities ,Knowledge communities ,Knowledge channels ,European Union ,Territorial cohesion ,Political science ,European integration ,Regional science ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,European union ,Spatial planning ,media_common ,Hungary ,Green paper ,Member states ,Eastern european ,Territorial agenda ,ESDP ,Framing (social sciences) ,Economy ,European Spatial Planning ,knowledge channels ,ESPON ,Poland - Abstract
The following paper sets out to determine the differential extent of the engagement of Central and Eastern European (CEE) member states with the European spatial planning (ESP) debate over territorial cohesion. It focuses on the written statements submitted in response to the European Commission “Green Paper on Territorial Cohesion” consultation in 2009. The geographical distribution of the respondents is analysed, before CEE member states’ responses are examined in detail, to explore the diverse interpretations of the concept of “territorial cohesion” among CEE actors. While the data collection for this paper has been restricted empirically to the consultation process, it reflects its findings in consideration of member states’ engagement with the debate as it manifested before and after the Green Paper. The debate over the exact conceptual and operational “framing” of territorial cohesion, launched by the European Commission's Green Paper, constitutes one of the many arenas through which ESP currently e...
- Published
- 2012
49. PATHS OF THE URBAN REGENERATION PROCESS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AFTER EU ENLARGEMENT - POLAND AND BULGARIA AS COMPARATIVE CASE STUDIES.
- Author
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Ciesiółka, Przemysław and Burov, Angel
- Subjects
SMALL cities ,CITIES & towns ,CASE studies ,URBAN growth ,COMPARATIVE studies ,URBAN policy ,URBAN planning - Abstract
The enlargement of the EU towards Central-Eastern Europe in the years 2004 and 2007 and the related EU funds provided new opportunities and created new challenges to both big metropolitan cities and smaller settlements. One of the particularly important challenges was to define appropriate national and local policies for the urban regeneration of neglected areas, which were abundant in this part of Europe. The objective of the paper is to analyze and evaluate actions taken in Bulgaria and Poland at the national and local level in the field of urban regeneration after the countries’ accession to the EU. The paper compares the general national and local planning approaches and capacity building for urban regeneration in the context of regulative and procedural issues. The local case studies represent two types of urban areas under regeneration: the metropolitan core cities Poznań and Sofia and medium-sized non-core towns of Piła and Gabrovo. The results are in the form of a concurrent evaluation of both the achievements and negative effects resulting from the national and local processes in the envisaged and the recently implemented activities with regard to the regeneration of deprived urban neighborhoods and areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Shaping Competitiveness for Driving FDI in CEE Countries.
- Author
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Horobeţ, Alexandra, Popovici, Oana Cristina, and Belascu, Lucian
- Subjects
FOREIGN investments ,LABOR supply ,RANDOM forest algorithms ,VALUE chains ,MARKET potential - Abstract
In the current situation, shaped by the relocation of multinational companies following the disruption of global value chains, the efforts for attracting foreign direct investments (FDI) should be better focused on enhancing the flows that create value in the economy, stimulate the local business environment, and are destined to sectors with high value added. The aim of this paper is to identify the factors shaping competitiveness in Central and Eastern European countries that also matter for the foreign investors' decision regarding location. We have taken an innovative approach in dealing with the large range of FDI determinants and we have used the machinelearning based random forest methodology to identify the most important predictors of FDI in CEE countries from a set of 15 indicators also present in the calculation of the European Regional Competitiveness Index 2019. Our results show that countries' particularities, market size, digitalization of the economy, labour force characteristics (such as population in tertiary education and employment in knowledge-intensive services and high-tech manufacturing sectors), and economic potential market are the factors with the highest contribution in attracting FDI in the CEE region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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