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Description of the local microscopic structure in ionic liquids (ILs) is a prerequisite to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the influence of the nature of ions on the properties of ILs. The local structure is mainly determined by the spatial arrangement of the nearest neighboring ions. Therefore, the main interaction patterns in ILs, such as cation-anion H-bond-like motifs, cation-cation alkyl tail aggregation, and ring stacking, were considered within the framework of the nearest-neighbor approach with respect to each particular interaction site. We employed classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study in detail the spatial, radial, and orientational relative distribution of ions in a set of imidazolium-based ILs, in which the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (C4mim+) cation is coupled with the acetate (OAc-), chloride (Cl-), tetrafluoroborate (BF4 -), hexafluorophosphate (PF6 -), trifluoromethanesulfonate (TfO-), or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (TFSA-) anion. It was established that several structural properties are strongly anion-specific, while some can be treated as universally applicable to ILs, regardless of the nature of the anion. Namely, strongly basic anions, such as OAc- and Cl-, prefer to be located in the imidazolium ring plane next to the C-H2/4-5 sites. By contrast, the other four bulky and weakly coordinating anions tend to occupy positions above/below the plane. Similarly, the H-bond-like interactions involving the H² site are found to be particularly enhanced in comparison with the ones at H4-5 in the case of asymmetric and/or more basic anions (C4mimOAc, C4mimCl, C4mimTfO, and C4mimTFSA), in accordance with recent spectroscopic and theoretical findings. Other IL-specific details related to the multiple H-bond-like binding and cation stacking issues are also discussed in this paper. The secondary H-bonding of anions with the alkyl hydrogen atoms of cations as well as the cation-cation alkyl chain aggregation turned out to be poorly sensitive to the nature of the anion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supportedionic liquid membranes (SILMs) are promising tools for the separationof carbon dioxide from other gases. In this paper, new imidazolium,pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, and morpholinium ionic liquids with atriethylene glycol side chain and tosylate anions, as well as theirsymmetrical dicationic analogues, have been synthesized and incorporatedinto SILMs. The selectivities for CO2/N2andCO2/CH4separations have been measured. Theselectivities exhibited by the dicationic ionic liquids are up totwo times higher than the values of the corresponding monocationicionic liquids. Quantum chemical calculations have been used to investigatethe difference in the interaction of carbon dioxide with monocationicand dicationic ionic liquids. The reason for the increased gas separationselectivity of the dicationic ionic liquids is two-fold: (1) a decreasein permeance of nitrogen and methane through the ionic liquid layer,presumably due to their less favorable interactions with the gases,while the permeance of carbon dioxide is reduced much less; (2) anincrease in the number of interaction sites for the interactions withthe quadrupolar carbon dioxide molecules in the dicationic ionic liquids,compared to the monocationic analogues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their favorable properties, ionic liquids have recently gained recognition as possibly environmentally benign solvents. Now among the most promising industrial chemicals, they have already been labeled “green”, but this appellation seems due entirely to their very low vapor pressure. This growing interest in the various applications of ionic liquids will soon result in their presence in the environment. Therefore, reliable analytical tools for the environmental analysis of ionic liquids need to be developed urgently. This paper presents a newly developed analytical procedure for the enrichment of 1-alkyl- and 1-aryl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids from water samples. The method is based on cation exchange solid-phase extraction followed by selective elution. Pre-concentrated samples are subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an advanced methodology for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The overall procedure was verified by using standard spiked samples of tap water, seawater, and freshwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]