42 results
Search Results
2. Les corridors maritimes stratégiques dans l'Arctique canadien : un programme adapté au tourisme marin ?
- Author
-
Têtu, Pierre‐Louis
- Subjects
MARITIME shipping ,TRANSPORTATION corridors ,CRUISE ships ,TRADITIONAL knowledge ,WATER bottles - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Climate change and Canada's north coast: research trends, progress, and future directions.
- Author
-
Ford, James D., Couture, Nicole, Bell, Trevor, and Clark, Dylan G.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,COASTS ,SEA ice ,STORMS ,METEOROLOGICAL precipitation - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The government-led climate change adaptation landscape in Nunavut, Canada.
- Author
-
Labbé, Jolène, Ford, James D., Araos, Malcolm, and Flynn, Melanie
- Subjects
RISK assessment of climate change ,BIOLOGICAL adaptation ,GLOBAL warming & the environment ,HAZARDS ,LANDSCAPES ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) in Arctic Canada: ecology, threats, and what it tells us about marine environmental conditions.
- Author
-
Mallory, Mark L.
- Subjects
FULMARUS glacialis ,ANIMAL ecology ,POLLUTANTS ,CLIMATE change ,MARINE ecology ,BIOLOGICAL monitoring - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Un paradigme arctique de sécurité ? Pour une lecture géopolitique du complexe régional de sécurité
- Author
-
Pauline Pic and Frédéric Lasserre
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Arctique ,05 social sciences ,sécurité ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,geopolitics ,lcsh:Political science ,02 engineering and technology ,security ,050601 international relations ,complexe régional de sécurité ,0506 political science ,Arctic ,climate change ,lcsh:Political science (General) ,géopolitique ,changements climatiques ,lcsh:JA1-92 ,regional security complex ,lcsh:J - Abstract
La question de la sécurité en Arctique fait régulièrement la une des journaux. Ancien épicentre stratégique, la région peine à se départir de cadres d’analyse traditionnels qui ne prennent pas en compte ses mutations récentes : changements climatiques, bien sûr, mais aussi ouverture progressive aux activités, intégration aux grands réseaux mondiaux… Ces mutations viennent largement renouveler les enjeux de sécurité dans la région. Alors que les sciences politiques et les Relations Internationales dominent les études de sécurité, un pan de littérature commence toutefois à émerger, s’attachant à remettre le territoire au cœur de l’analyse. Ce travail vient alors souligner la pertinence d’une analyse géopolitique de la sécurité dans la région, à la lumière des enejux actuels. Security in the Arctic is regularly mentionned as a major issue. It was a strategic hotspot during the Cold War, but inherited analitycal frames tend to be less relevant. Terrestrial boundary issues are now limited to the small unhabited rock that is Hans Island, maritime boundaries are being negociated under the legal frame of the Montego Bay Convention. Yet, new security challenges are emerging now that the region is undergoing major transformations. The progressive opening-up of the ocean opens new perspectives, both economic and political. From climate change to a progressive economic integration to global networks, security issues are therefore to be completely rethought. Analyzing litterature tackling security issues in the Arctic, this paper aims at understanding what are the main drivers to srategic shifts in security policies in the Arctic region. Following a brief historical overview of security issues in the region, the paper analyzes security discourses in the region through the main analytical frames of Security studies. It finally underlines that even tough security studies usually belong to the realm of International Relations and Political Science, however, some recent publications are starting to put forward a territorial approach to security issues. This paper would like to underline the relevance of a geopolitical approach regarding the Arctic region specifically, given the major changes that the region is going through currently.
- Published
- 2018
7. Le Canada et la Norvège au sein des enjeux arctiques. Une étude narrative et linguistique
- Author
-
Fjeldstad, Marte
- Subjects
Canada ,Approche narrative ,Linguistique ,Récit ,Arctique ,Arktis ,Norvège ,Fransk språk ,Norge - Abstract
This study constitutes a comparative study of the Canadian and Norwegian Arctic strategy documents. The purpose of the study has been to examine how the Canadian and Norwegian governments present themselves as heroes" in their own Arctic narrative. To examine these White Papers two different theoretic approaches are used. A narrative approach helps us explore the White papers as a story, formed in five stages: the initial situation, the complication, the reaction, the resolution and the final situation. These stages establish the hypothesis and are tested based on the linguistic and text structural criteria. At the micro level, a subjectivity approach is used, to investigate lexical phenomena supporting the narrative hypothesis. The findings show that both the Canadian and the Norwegian government all in all appear to present themselves as heroes in their own Arctic story in very similar ways. Master i Fransk MAHF-FRAN FRAN350
- Published
- 2016
8. Recueillir les toponymes inuit. Pour quoi faire?
- Author
-
Béatrice Collignon, Géographie-cités (GC (UMR_8504)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
- Subjects
géographie culturelle ,0507 social and economic geography ,fieldwork ,memory ,Arctic ,mémoire ,lieux ,Toponymic surveys ,0601 history and archaeology ,paysage ,territoire ,060101 anthropology ,transmission des savoirs ,Arctique ,General Arts and Humanities ,05 social sciences ,Enquêtes toponymiques ,territory ,place names ,General Social Sciences ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,06 humanities and the arts ,landscape ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,sense of place ,cultural geography ,knowledge transmission ,Inuit ,terrain ,050703 geography - Abstract
Constatant l'engouement actuel pour les toponymies inuit, tant de la part des Inuit que des anthropologues et géographes, ce texte propose une réflexion sur les enjeux des opérations de recueil des séries toponymiques inuit, qui se sont multipliées depuis la fin des années 1980. On considère notamment les processus de reconnaissance officielle par les gouvernements territoriaux ou provinciaux et par le gouvernement fédéral. Ceux-ci doivent aboutir à une transposition des cartes mentales des Inuit — riches de lieux nommés — sur les cartes officielles publiées par le Ministère des ressources naturelles. Cette transposition implique la substitution de la plupart des toponymes de langue anglaise (ou française) par des toponymes inuit. Partant de sa propre expérience de collecte de noms de lieux auprès des Inuinnait (arctique central occidental, Nunavut et Territoires du Nord-Ouest), l'auteure déploie sa réflexion en trois temps. Le premier est celui du récit des difficultés rencontrées dans le cadre du processus d'officialisation — encore en cours — des 1007 toponymes inuinnait recueillis en 1991-1992. Le second est celui de l'analyse des quatre temps forts d'une réunion qui s'est tenue dans le village d'Holman le 12 août 2003. Il s'agissait de valider une série de cartes-épreuves sur lesquelles le Bureau toponymique territorial de Yellowknife avait inscrit l'ensemble des toponymes inuinnait situés dans les actuels T.N.-O. Le troisième temps est celui des interrogations sur les modalités de l'officialisation, les diverses méthodes et échelles d'enquêtes toponymiques, et la portée de la transcription d'un savoir qui ne demeure vivant que tant qu'il est partagé directement, en actes ou en paroles., Inuit toponymy has been quite popular among both Inuit and researchers (anthropologists and geographers alike), since the late 1980s. This paper focuses on the issues at stake in projects dedicated to the collection of Inuit toponyms. Special attention is given to the process leading to their official recognition, by territorial and provincial governments, and by the Federal government. Through this process, the Inuit's mental maps of their territories, that include hundreds of named places, become artefacts: paper maps published by the Department of natural resources, and computer data bases. The process also implies that most English (or French) place names are replaced by Inuit ones. Building on her own experience of collecting place names among the Inuinnait (western central Arctic, Nunavut and NWT), the author organises her discussion in three steps. First, a story is told: that of the difficulties met in having the 1007 Inuinnait place names collected in 1991-1992 processed in order to be recognised as official. Then, four highlights of a meeting held in Holman on August 12, 2003 are analysed. The meeting's goal was to review a set of blue-print maps sent by the Territorial Toponymy Program of the NWT. The maps showed all the Inuinnait place names that had been collected within today's NWT. This leads to the third step which questions the bureaucratic process of official recognition, the methods and scales adopted when conducting place name projects, and the problems related to transcribing a knowledge that is only kept alive as long as it is directly shared through actions or words.
- Published
- 2006
9. Possible Effects of Climate Warming on Selected Populations of Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Canadian Arctic
- Author
-
Stirling, Ian and Parkinson, Claire L.
- Published
- 2006
10. Observed and predicted effects of climate change on Arctic caribou and reindeer.
- Author
-
Mallory, Conor D. and Boyce, Mark S.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,CARIBOU ,REINDEER ,SOCIOECONOMICS ,ECOSYSTEM management - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Geography of global change and species richness in the North.
- Author
-
Vilmi, Annika, Alahuhta, Janne, Hjort, Jan, Kärnä, Olli-Matti, Leinonen, Kirsti, Rocha, Mariana Perez, Tolonen, Katri E., Tolonen, Kimmo T., and Heino, Jani
- Subjects
EFFECT of human beings on weather ,BIODIVERSITY ,CLIMATE change ,LATITUDE - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Multi-scales interfaces: an exploratory approach applied to the Nice coast
- Author
-
Sandra Pérez, Isabelle Mor, Giovanni Fusco, Sylvie Christofle, Paul Allard, Sébastien Gadal, Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), North-Eastern Federal University, Institut français de Finlande, Interfaces, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), FMSH-RSF OSAMA, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
- Subjects
multi-scalaire ,Exploitation des ressources naturelles ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Transition énergétique ,Urbanisation ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,interaction société-environnement ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,[SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics ,Arctique ,021107 urban & regional planning ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,[INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,Urban Studies ,multiscale ,littoral ,city ,[INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,Impacts socio-environnementaux ,Développement territorial ,environment-society interaction ,ville ,coast ,interface ,Energie - Abstract
Cet article est le fruit de réflexions au fil du temps d’un groupe de recherche sur les interfaces. Après avoir rappelé les principales formalisations auxquelles le groupe a abouti, les auteurs démontrent ici, dans une démarche conceptuelle confrontée à une réalité empirique l’intérêt de raisonner en interfaces de type multi-échelles, en prenant appui sur l’exemple de l’interface littoral niçois, interface physique entre la terre et la mer, mais également interface avec une forte mise en tourisme, tellement prégnante qu’elle organise non seulement l’économie de la ville mais aussi, et surtout, son urbanisme. Nous verrons comment les deux composantes principales de cette interface qui sont de natures différentes (géologie et société) interagissent à de multiples échelles qui doivent simultanément être prises en compte pour mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de cet espace. This paper is the outcome of a think-tank on interfaces. After expounding the main formalizations, the group has come to, the authors demonstrate in a conceptual approach faced to an empirical reality, the interest of reasoning in multiscale interfaces, based on the example of the Nice coastal interface – a physical interface between land and sea, but also a cultural interface with a strong emphasis on tourism, so strong that it determines not only the town’s economy but also, and above all, its planning. We will analyse how the two main components of this interface (geology and society) interact at multiples scales which should be simultaneously considered to better understand the functioning of this geographic space.
- Published
- 2021
13. Trends and key elements in community-based monitoring: a systematic review of the literature with an emphasis on Arctic and Subarctic regions.
- Author
-
Kouril, Diana, Furgal, Chris, and Whillans, Tom
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring ,COMMUNITY involvement ,ENVIRONMENTAL literacy ,ARCTIC peoples ,ENVIRONMENTAL sciences - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Mercury photochemistry in snow and implications for Arctic ecosystems.
- Author
-
Mann, Erin, Ziegler, Susan, Mallory, Mark, and O'Driscoll, Nelson
- Subjects
MERCURY poisoning ,BIOACCUMULATION ,PHOTOCHEMISTRY ,POLLUTANTS ,SNOWMELT - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Mercury and marine birds in Arctic Canada: effects, current trends, and why we should be paying closer attention.
- Author
-
Provencher, J.F., Mallory, M.L., Braune, B.M., Forbes, M.R., and Gilchrist, H.G.
- Subjects
MERCURY & the environment ,MERCURY poisoning ,SEA bird ecology ,CLIMATE change research - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Methylmercury biogeochemistry: a review with special reference to Arctic aquatic ecosystems.
- Author
-
Lehnherr, Igor
- Subjects
METHYLMERCURY & the environment ,BIOGEOCHEMISTRY ,AQUATIC ecology ,METHYLATION ,BIOACCUMULATION in fishes - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Coopération politique et intégration régionale en Arctique : naissance, développement et critique d’une région
- Author
-
Escudé, Camille, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
- Subjects
regional integration ,région ,region ,Conseil de l’Arctique ,gouvernance ,Arctique ,international relations ,coopération régionale ,lcsh:G1-922 ,geopolitics ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,regional cooperation ,intégration régionale ,constructivisme ,Arctic ,governance ,géopolitique ,constructivism ,Arctic Council ,lcsh:Geography (General) ,relations internationales - Abstract
Political cooperation and regional integration in the Arctic: construction, development and challenging of a model -- In this paper, we aim that it is the political cooperation driven "from above" in the post-Cold War era that has led to visible regional institutional integration in the Arctic. This institutional integration stems from the Arctic state's desire to protect the environment as a pretext for political cooperation. In a context of increased politicization of the region due to the consequences of climate change, the construction of the Arctic region becomes indeed a way for the Arctic states to gradually pushed out indigenous organizations and external actors from the decision-making bodies. In return, this model of closed governance is challenged by those who are trying to broaden the boundaries of the region with new and more open forms of governance. Political actors at different scales thus converge to build regional governance that is not only multilevel, but also entangled and creates a region with fuzzy borders.; Dans cet article, nous montrons que la coopération politique instituée « par le haut » en Arctique à la fin de la Guerre froide a mené à une intégration régionale institutionnelle. Cette dernière s’est centrée autour de la protection de l’environnement, qui paraît cependant être avant tout un prétexte politique. Nous comprenons en effet la région comme un outil politique, utilisé par les États circumpolaires pour restreindre de plus en plus le périmètre de décision régional. En retour, ce modèle de gouvernance fermée est remis en cause par de nouveaux acteurs, en particulier fédéraux (Québec) mais aussi étatiques internationaux ou autochtones, qui tentent d’élargir les limites de la région avec de nouvelles formes de gouvernance plus ouvertes. Les stratégies des acteurs qui dessinent une gouvernance multiniveau et enchevêtrée forment une région par intersection aux limites floues et contestées.
- Published
- 2020
18. Towards an Indigenist data management program: reflections on experiences developing an atlas of sea ice knowledge and use.
- Author
-
Pulsifer, Peter L., Laidler, Gita J., Taylor, D. R. Fraser, and Hayes, Amos
- Subjects
ETHNOSCIENCE ,INTERNATIONAL Polar Year, 2007-2008 ,DATA analysis ,GEOGRAPHY ,ATLASES ,OCEANOGRAPHY ,SEA ice ,DATABASE management - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Arctic coastal retreat through block failure.
- Author
-
Hoque, Md. Azharul and Pollard, Wayne H.
- Subjects
PERMAFROST ,SLOPES (Soil mechanics) ,FROZEN ground ,CLIFFS ,SEASHORE - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Contaminants in common eiders (Somateria mollissima) of the Canadian Arctic.
- Author
-
Mallory, Mark L., Braune, Birgit M., Wayland, Mark, Gilchrist, H. Grant, and Dickson, D. Lynne
- Subjects
POLLUTION ,EIDER ,POLLUTANTS ,TRACE elements - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on freshwater ecosystems of the Arctic: Influence from stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change.
- Author
-
Perin, S. and Lean, D. R. S.
- Subjects
ULTRAVIOLET radiation ,FRESHWATER ecology ,OZONE layer ,CLIMATE change ,CHEMICALS - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Climatic change in northern Canada.
- Author
-
Gajewski, K. and Atkinson, D. A.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,TEMPERATURE ,WEATHER ,HOLOCENE paleoclimatology ,TUNDRAS - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental Reviews is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Inuit Ethnobotany in the North American Subarctic and Arctic: Celebrating a Rich History and Expanding Research into New Areas Using Biocultural Diversity
- Author
-
Norton, Christian H., Cuerrier, Alain, and Hermanutz, Luise
- Subjects
plant usage ,Labrador ,diversité bioculturelle ,Arctique ,ethnobiology ,biocultural diversity ,ethnobiologie ,Subarctique ,plantes médicinales ,Nunatsiavut ,utilisation des plantes ,Arctic ,Inuit ,edible plants ,North America ,plantes comestibles ,Subarctic ,Amérique du Nord ,medicinal plants - Abstract
Historiquement, l'utilisation des plantes par les Inuits était considérée comme minimale. Notre compréhension de l'utilisation des plantes par les Inuits a commencé par suite de la prise en compte de concepts tels que la diversité bioculturelle et les espèces clés, et ces nouvelles idées ont commencé à dissiper les mythes sur le manque d’importance des plantes dans la culture inuite. Les Inuits peuvent être regroupés en quatre régions en fonction de la langue: l'Alaska, l'Arctique ouest canadien, l'Arctique et la région subarctique est canadienne et le Groenland. Le chapitre 1 passera en revue la littérature sur l'utilisation des plantes inuites de l'Alaska au Groenland. Au total, 311 taxons ont été mentionnés dans les quatre régions, ce qui correspond à 73 familles. Les niveaux de diversité étaient similaires dans les quatre régions. Seuls 25 taxons et 16 familles étaient communs à toutes les régions, mais 50%-75% des taxons et 75%-90% familles étaient signalés dans au moins deux régions, et les régions voisines ont généralement un chevauchement plus élevé que les régions plus éloignées. De la même manière, les Inuits des quatre régions ont indiqué comestible, médecine, incendie et design comme principales catégories d'utilisation, ainsi qu'une différenciation commune claire en ce qui concerne les taxons utilisés à des fins spécifiques. En ce qui concerne les utilisations médicinales, les Ericaceae était la première famille de plantes médicinales dans toutes les régions, et les affections cutanées étaient également les maladies traitées le plus couramment dans toutes les régions. Il semble également y avoir des applications pan-inuites pour les Ericaceae dans les maladies gastro-intestinales et virales, et les Salicaceae et Pinaceae pour les traitements cutanés. Les résultats présentés ici suggèrent qu'il existe des modèles communs de connaissances et d'utilisations des plantes sur l'ensemble du territoire inuit. Le chapitre 2 utilise la diversité bioculturelle pour décrire l'utilisation des plantes au Nunatsiavut, Labrador, Canada. La diversité bioculturelle est la reconnaissance du lien entre la diversité biologique et la diversité culturelle. Les travaux actuels sur la diversité bioculturelle sont extrêmement biaisés par l’équateur. Pour élargir ce cadre à un contexte subarctique, cet article cherche à comprendre comment la diversité végétale soutient la diversité intraculturelle à Postville, Hopedale et Rigolet, au Nunatsiavut, au moyen d’interviews avec des membres de la communauté. Au total, 66 taxons ont été identifiés parmi les trois communautés. Environ 75% des taxons étaient communs à au moins deux communautés, ce qui correspond à 95% de toutes les réponses. Les plantes comestibles constituaient l'usage signalé le plus courant, avec un accent particulier sur les taxons producteurs de baies. En ce qui concerne les liens entre les plantes et la culture, il a été constaté que les plantes (i) étaient au centre des activités culturelles; (ii) servaient de sentinelles pour des événements historiques; (iii) jouaient le rôle de catalyseur dans les échanges intergénérationnels et la valorisation des connaissances les concernant; (iv) exprimaient la profonde connaissance que les gens ont de leur environnement local; et (v) étaient et sont encore un moyen d'expression des valeurs traditionnelles. Les similitudes dans les réponses concernant les plantes parmi les communautés suggèrent un ensemble de connaissances communes parmi les communautés de Postville, Hopedale et Rigolet. Il est clair que les plantes supportent une grande diversité d'activités culturelles, de souvenirs et d'histoires locales et de valeurs traditionnelles. Notre étude soutient l'inclusion d'une perspective bioculturelle dans un contexte nordique et attire l'attention sur l'importance culturelle des plantes dans les communautés nordiques. Nous espérons que les lecteurs finiront de lire cette thèse avec une profonde reconnaissance de la valeur des plantes dans la culture inuite. Du nord de l'Alaska à l'est du Groenland, les plantes sont des piliers indéniables de la culture inuite., Historically, plant usage by the Inuit was considered minimal. Our recent understanding of Inuit plant usage has been informed by concepts such as biocultural diversity and keystone species, and these new ideas began to dispel myths about a lack of importance of plants in Inuit culture. Chapter 1 is a review and synthesis of literature concerning Inuit plant usage from across the four Inuit regions including Alaska, Canadian Western Arctic, Canadian Eastern Arctic and Subarctic, and Greenland. In total, there were 311 taxa reported across the four regions, corresponding to 73 families. There were similar levels of plant diversity in all four regions. Only 16 Families and 25 taxa were common to all regions, but 50%-70% of taxa and 75%-90% of Families were reported in at least two of the four regions, and neighbouring regions generally had higher overlap than regions farther apart. Similarly, all four regions showed edible, medicine, fire, and design as their top usage categories, as well as common, clear differentiation concerning what taxa are used for what purpose. Regarding medicinal uses, Ericaceae was the top medicinal Family in all regions, and dermal ailments were the most common treated illness in all regions. There also appeared to be pan-Inuit applications for Ericaceae for gastrointestinal and viral illnesses, and Salicaceae and Pinaceae for dermal treatments. Results of the review suggest that common patterns of plant knowledge and plant use exist across the entirety of the Inuit territory. Chapter 2 uses biocultural diversity to describe plant usage in Nunatsiavut (Labrador), a self-governing Inuit region within Canada, part of the Eastern Canadian Inuit region. Biocultural diversity is a concept that links biological and cultural diversities. The current body of work around biocultural diversity is extremely biased towards low latitudes, with much less information available at higher ones. To expand this framework into a Subarctic context, this paper seeks to understand how plant diversity supports intra-cultural diversity within the Nunatsiavut region, including communities of Postville, Hopedale, and Rigolet, via interviews with community members. In total, 66 taxa were identified among the three communities. Approximately 75% of taxa were common to at least two communities, corresponding to 95% of all responses. Edible plants were the most common reported usage, with particular emphasis on berry producing taxa. Plants and culture were highly linked via (i) supporting cultural activities; (ii) marking for historical events; (iii) highlighting intergenerational exchange and valuing of plant knowledge; (iv) expressing the deep awareness that people have for their local environment; and (v) a medium for the expression of traditional values. The similarities in the plant responses among the communities suggest a common body of plant knowledge among Postville, Hopedale, and Rigolet. It is clear that plants support a rich diversity of cultural activities, local memory and history, and traditional values. This study supports the inclusion of a biocultural perspective in a northern context and brings attention to the cultural importance of plants in northern communities. We hope that readers will finish reading this thesis with a profound appreciation for the value of plants in Inuit culture. From northern Alaska to eastern Greenland, both historically and presently, plants are undeniable pillars of Inuit culture.
- Published
- 2019
24. Is the Nutrition North Canada retail subsidy program meeting the goal of making nutritious and perishable food more accessible and affordable in the North?
- Author
-
Galloway, Tracey
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Les Inuit et le froid. Les représentations autochtones et celles des touristes
- Author
-
Véronique Antomarchi
- Subjects
clima ,Ártico ,inuit ,frío ,turismo ,tourism ,Arctic ,Inuit ,climate ,cold ,Immunology and Allergy ,Arctique ,climat ,froid ,tourisme - Abstract
The Inuit and cold. Autochtonous' and tourists' representations. This paper addresses the Inuit's perception of climate and different seasons by exploring several sources (unilingual dictionaries, indigenous literature, family pictures). The cold is undoubtedly important for the Inuit identity, while global warming particularly affects Arctic territories. It increasingly serves as a selling argument for these territories that are more and more targeted by Western tourists., Cet article s'intéresse à la perception que les Inuit ont du climat et des différentes saisons en s'appuyant sur plusieurs sources (dictionnaires unilingues, littérature autochtone, photos de famille). Il montre l'importance du froid dans l'identité inuit alors que le réchauffement climatique se manifeste tout particulièrement dans les territoires arctiques et devient même un argument de vente dans des espaces de plus en plus fréquentés par les touristes occidentaux., Los inuits y el frío. Representaciones de los autóctonos y de los turistas. Apoyándose en varias fuentes (diccionarios monolingües, literatura autóctona, fotos de familia), este artículo aborda la percepción que tienen los inuits del clima y de las diferentes estaciones. En él se muestra la importancia que tiene el frío en la identidad inuit en un momento en el que el calentamiento climático es especialmente perceptible en los territorios árticos, convirtiéndose incluso en un argumento de venta de estos espacios cada vez más frecuentados por los turistas occidentales., Antomarchi Véronique. Les Inuit et le froid. Les représentations autochtones et celles des touristes. In: Communications, 101, 2017. Le temps qu'il fait. pp. 63-74.
- Published
- 2017
26. A New Approach to Health Research in Canada’s North
- Author
-
Chatwood, Susan and Young, Kue
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. « Coast, to coast… to coast ». Le rôle des francophonies boréales dans l’accueil, l’installation et la rétention des migrants francophones au Yukon, aux Territoires du Nord-Ou
- Author
-
Christophe Traisnel
- Subjects
North ,Arctic ,francophonie ,foreign policy ,Arctique ,souveraineté ,politique étrangère ,sovereignty ,Nord ,immigration - Abstract
Cet article présente l’un des principaux résultats d’une recherche effectuée sur les communautés francophones situées au Nunavut, au Yukon et dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, à savoir le caractère essentiellement migratoire de ces communautés et l’impact de cette dimension sur la vitalité des francophonies boréales. La situation de ces minorités linguistiques est très particulière : en contact constant avec les communautés autochtones, ces francophonies ont développé une vie associative dynamique dans un contexte marqué non par un bilinguisme officiel (comme ailleurs au Canada), mais par un plurilinguisme territorial, le français jouissant dans les territoires d’une reconnaissance officielle, à l’instar de l’anglais, mais également des autres langues autochtones présentes. Cet article montre que si ces francophones « viennent d’ailleurs » et même de divers ailleurs (Europe, Afrique…), la plupart d’entre eux envisagent également de repartir un jour. Nous rendons compte des dynamiques propres à l’accueil de ces migrants francophones, de même qu’à l’impact de cette dimension migratoire sur la vie des communautés francophones, mais également de ces « sociétés boréales » canadiennes au contexte bien particulier. This article presents one of the main results of a research conducted on francophone communities in Nunavut, Yukon and the Northwest Territories, namely the essentially migratory character of these communities and the impact of this dimension on the vitality of “francophonies boréales”. The situation of these linguistic minorities is very particular: in constant contact with indigenous communities, these francophonies have developed a dynamic associative life in a context marked not by an official bilingualism (as elsewhere in Canada), but by territorial multilingualism, French enjoying, like English and the other indigenous languages present, official recognition in the territories. This paper shows that if these francophones “coming from elsewhere” and even different “elsewheres” (i.e. Europe, Africa ...), most of them also plan to go back one day. We report on the dynamics in regards to the welcoming of francophone migrants, as well as the impact of this aspect of migration on the lives of Francophone communities, but also the very particular context of the Canadian “boréales societies”.
- Published
- 2012
28. Les enjeux de sécurité dans l'Arctique contemporain Le cas du Canada et de la Norvège
- Author
-
Perreault, François and Fortmann, Michel
- Subjects
High North ,Security sectors ,Canada ,Circumpolar region ,Russie ,Arctique ,Norway ,États-Unis ,Securitization ,Secteurs de sécurité ,Région circumpolaire ,United States ,Grand Nord ,Russia ,Arctic ,Sécurisation ,Norvège - Abstract
Ce mémoire a pour objectif d’analyser la nature et l’ampleur des enjeux de sécurité dans l’Arctique contemporain en utilisant les outils offerts par la théorie de la sécurisation de l’École de Copenhague. Cinq secteurs de sécurité – militaire, politique, identitaire, environnemental et économique – et quatre variables – la géographie, l’identité, l’histoire et la politique – sont utilisées pour examiner les perceptions de sécurité, les sécurisations et les comportements stratégiques du Canada et de la Norvège. La 1re hypothèse avancée dans ce mémoire est la suivante : depuis 2005, au Canada et en Norvège, nous sommes en train d’assister à une sécurisation progressive des enjeux non militaires dans l’Arctique - politiques, identitaires, environnementaux et économiques - et les effets entre ces secteurs de sécurité ont d’importantes conséquences sur le secteur militaire, notamment au niveau de la multiplication de projets étatiques pour la plupart essentiellement militaires, ainsi qu’au niveau d’un déclenchement d’une sécurisation de leur intégrité territoriale ou du moins un accroissement de l’insécurité à son égard. La 2e hypothèse avancée est la suivante : les nouvelles perceptions de sécurité et les comportements stratégiques des États de la région engendrent de l’insécurité à l’intérieur des sociétés ainsi qu’une dégradation de la confiance entre les acteurs étatiques. Cela a pour effet d’augmenter la division politique dans l’Arctique et de ralentir toute construction régionale. Nous concluons, sur la base de nos études de cas, qu’au Canada, la souveraineté, la nordicité et l’intégrité territoriale sont perçues comme étant menacées. De plus, les sécurisations dans l’Arctique semblent faire partie d’un renouvellement stratégique global en matière de politique étrangère et de défense. En Norvège, la Russie est considérée comme l’acteur principal du High North et à partir de 2008, la relation russo-norvégienne a subi une sécurisation. Contrairement au Canada, la Norvège préfère le statu quo stratégique dans l’Arctique en privilégiant les trois éléments traditionnels de sa politique de défense et de sécurité - la dissuasion par l’OTAN, la gestion de la Russie par l’assurance, et l’amélioration des relations est-ouest., This thesis aims to analyse the nature and the scale of the security issues in the contemporary Arctic by utilising the tools offered by the securitization theory of the Copenhagen School. Five security sectors – military, political, identity, environmental and political – and four variables – geography, identity, history and politics – are used to examine the perceptions, the securitizations and the strategic behaviour of Canada and Norway. The first hypothesis put forward in our paper is as follows: since 2005, in Canada and in Norway, we are witnessing in the Arctic progressive securitizations of non military issues – political, identity, environmental and economical – and the cross-sectoral effects have important consequences on the military sector, such as, an increase in state projects that have mostly military components, as well as on the securitization of their territorial integrity or at least on the insecurity towards it. Our second hypothesis is as follows: the new security perceptions and the strategic behaviour of the regional States increases the insecurities within their societies and have negative effects on confidence between state actors. This increases the political divisions and slows down any regional construction. We conclude that in Canada, their sovereignty, their nordicity and their territorial integrity are perceived to be threatened. These securitizations also seem to be part of a radical global strategic change in matters pertaining to their foreign and defence policies. In Norway, Russia is perceived to be the main actor in the High North and since 2008, their bilateral relation has become securitized. As opposed to Canada, Norway seems to prefer the status quo in matters pertaining to their foreign and defence policies. The three traditional elements of their defence and security policy are applied – deterrence through NATO, but reassurance of the Russians and efforts to enhance East-West relations.
- Published
- 2010
29. Mechanical Birds and Shapes of Ice: Hardy’s Vision of the ‘Blind Watchmaker’
- Author
-
Catherine Lanone
- Subjects
bird ,media_common.quotation_subject ,design ,tragique ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,Art history ,archaeopteryx ,destiny ,metaphor ,mécanique ,evolution ,oiseau ,arctic ,mechanical ,évolution ,media_common ,destinée ,romantisme ,métaphore ,Art ,arctique ,archéoptéryx ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,intentionnalité ,romanticism ,tragic ,Humanities - Abstract
Gillian Beer a mis en évidence l'impact de Darwin sur la littérature victorienne, comme si l'évolution s'était substituée à l'intrigue traditionnelle du roman. Métaphores et symboles permettent de rendre compte des mutations idéologiques issues des bouleversements scientifiques. Tel est bien le cas pour Thomas Hardy, dont l'œuvre porte l'empreinte des interrogations scientifiques et épistémologiques de son époque. Cet article s'inspire de la lecture que fait Richard Dawkins du Darwinisme, et notamment du concept de l'horloger aveugle, pour interroger, à travers quelques poèmes et Tess of the d'Urbervilles, deux images clefs de Hardy, l'oiseau mécanique et l'iceberg, et la façon dont le motif des rouages de la destinée révèle une mutation conceptuelle paradigmatique. Gillian Beer has shown that the Darwinian plot radically changed the way the world was perceived, hence the way literature was written. Symbols and metaphors are used to convey complex issues such as the mutations brought by science, radical changes which were so hard to grasp. Thus, many of Thomas Hardy's images and metaphors, whether in his poems or his novels, can only be understood if one bears in mind the impact of Darwinism upon the Victorian frame of mind. This paper focuses on the way two key images (Hardy's vision of mechanical birds and ominous icebergs as cogs of destiny) may be highlighted by today's readings of the Darwinian legacy, such as Richard Dawkins' 1986 The Blind Watchmaker: both may be read as symptoms of an ontological paradigmatic shift, as Thomas Hardy grappled with the philosophical contradictions of a new era.
- Published
- 2010
30. Validation of Arctic sea ice drift with IABP buoys
- Author
-
Ardhuin, Fanny and Ezraty, Robert
- Subjects
Drift ,Arctique ,Sea ice ,Diffusiomètre ,Buoys ,Physics::Geophysics ,Arctic ,Radiomètre ,Bouées ,Glaces de mer ,Radiometer ,Scatterometer ,Dérive ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,AMSR E - Abstract
Satellites enable daily and global coverage of the polar oceans, providing an unique monitoring capability of sea ice dynamics over Arctic and Antarctic. Available geophysical parameters include ice concentration, extent, type and sea ice drift. Backscatter map from SeaWinds/QuikSCAT and brightness temperature maps from Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) are available at a pixel resolution of 12,5 km from which ice drift can be estimated for each sensor. Since 1999, IFREMER makes available a "Merged" sea ice drift data set based on the combination of these drifts at 3 and 6-day lags at the grid resolution of 62,5 km. It has been demonstrated that combining these drifts increases the number of valid vectors. In this paper, the validation of this Merged product is presented in comparison with drifting buoys of the International Arctic Buoy Programme (IABP) over five winters (1999-2004), enabling an estimation of drift accuracy as a function of drift speed. In the second part, the accuracy of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) drift products based on 89 GHz brightness temperature maps at 6,25 km pixel resolution is assessed. Drift data are compared with the buoys positions and with the Merged product during the 2002-2003 winter. AMSR-E provides a better vector accuracy compared with that of the Merged product because of its enhanced ground resolution but the information is available only during the cold season.
- Published
- 2005
31. Relating Biomass and Leaf Area Index to Non-destructive Measurements in Order to Monitor Changes in Arctic Vegetation
- Author
-
Chen, Wenjun, Li, Junhua, Zhang, Yu, Zhou, Fuqun, Koehler, Klaus, Leblanc, Sylvain, Fraser, Robert, Olthof, Ian, Zhang, Yinsuo, and Wang, Jixin
- Published
- 2009
32. Sources of Breeding Season Mortality in Canadian Arctic Seabirds
- Author
-
Mallory, Mark L., Gaston, Anthony J., and Gilchrist, H. Grant
- Published
- 2009
33. The Northern Fulmar ( Fulmarus glacialis ) in Arctic Canada: ecology, threats, and what it tells us about marine environmental conditions
- Published
- 2006
34. The Derivation of Transfer Parameters in the Assessment of Radiological Impacts on Arctic Marine Biota
- Author
-
Brown, J., Børretzen, P., Dowdall, M., Sazykina, T., and Kryshev, I.
- Published
- 2004
35. Evaluation of Percent Cover Requirements for Revegetation of Disturbed Sites on Alaska's North Slope
- Author
-
Streever, W. J., McKendrick, J., Fanter, L., Anderson, S. C., Kidd, J., and Portier, K. M.
- Published
- 2003
36. Palynological Investigations of Miocene Deposits on the New Siberian Archipelago (U.S.S.R.)
- Author
-
Zyryanov, Eugene V.
- Published
- 1992
37. The Copper Inuit Soapstone Trade
- Author
-
Morrison, David
- Published
- 1991
38. The Palaeo-Eskimo Prehistory of the North Devon Lowlands
- Author
-
Helmer, James W.
- Published
- 1991
39. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Training Requirements in Arctic Canada
- Author
-
Epp, Helmut, Rigby, Bruce, and Bruce, Bill
- Published
- 1991
40. Reminiscences: Arctic Geography Forty Years Ago
- Author
-
Robinson, J. Lewis
- Published
- 1987
41. To freeze or to dry: Seasonal variability in caribou processing and storage in the barrenlands of Northern Canada
- Author
-
Friesen, T. Max and Stewart, Andrew
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Evidence for intensive walrus hunting by Thule Inuit, northwest Foxe Basin, Nunavut, Canada
- Author
-
Desjardins, Sean P. A.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.