11,299 results
Search Results
2. All around suboptimal health — a joint position paper of the Suboptimal Health Study Consortium and European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine
- Author
-
Wang, Wei, Yan, Yuxiang, Guo, Zheng, Hou, Haifeng, Garcia, Monique, Tan, Xuerui, Anto, Enoch Odame, Mahara, Gehendra, Zheng, Yulu, Li, Bo, Kang, Timothy, Zhong, Zhaohua, Wang, Youxin, Guo, Xiuhua, and Golubnitschaja, Olga
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Clinical Decision Support and New Regulatory Frameworks for Medical Devices: Are We Ready for It? - A Viewpoint Paper
- Author
-
Sven Van Laere, Katoo Muylle, and Pieter Cornu
- Subjects
health policy ,medical device regulation ,medical device software ,clinical decision support ,cures act ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Caution, “normal” BMI: health risks associated with potentially masked individual underweight—EPMA Position Paper 2021
- Author
-
Golubnitschaja, Olga, Liskova, Alena, Koklesova, Lenka, Samec, Marek, Biringer, Kamil, Büsselberg, Dietrich, Podbielska, Halina, Kunin, Anatolij A., Evsevyeva, Maria E., Shapira, Niva, Paul, Friedemann, Erb, Carl, Dietrich, Detlef E., Felbel, Dieter, Karabatsiakis, Alexander, Bubnov, Rostyslav, Polivka, Jiri, Polivka, Jr, Jiri, Birkenbihl, Colin, Fröhlich, Holger, Hofmann-Apitius, Martin, and Kubatka, Peter
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Health Care Reform and Public Health: A Paper on Population-Based Core Functions: The Core Functions Project, U.S. Public Health Service, 1993
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The contribution of family physicians to district health services in South Africa: A national position paper by the South African Academy of Family Physicians.
- Subjects
HEALTH policy ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,MEDICAL quality control ,MEDICAL care ,LABOR supply ,PATIENT safety - Abstract
The purpose of this position paper by the South African Academy of Family Physicians (SAAFPs) is to inform decision making on human resources for health policy in South Africa and the placement of family physicians (FPs) in the district health system. National policies have been marred by misunderstanding of the roles and contribution of FPs; and there is unhelpful variability in how FPs are positioned in the health services between provinces. In the private sector, medical aid schemes have discriminated against FPs by failing to remunerate them as specialists and to recognise their scope of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Rubella vaccines: WHO position paper--July 2020/Note de synthese: position de l'OMS concernant les vaccins antirubeoleux
- Subjects
Vaccines ,Health policy ,Public health ,Government ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines [...]
- Published
- 2020
8. Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers and their contribution to health: An Analysis of Three Countries
- Author
-
Sam Bartlett
- Subjects
World Health ,Developing Countries ,International Cooperation ,International Agencies ,Poverty ,Health Policy ,Medicine - Abstract
Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) represent the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) most recent initiative for reducing the plight of the poor. This paper examines whether the PRSPs for Liberia, Afghanistan and Haiti follow World Bank guidance on health. The health data, analysis and strategy content of the three PRSPs are assessed with respect to the ‘Health, Nutrition and Population’ chapter of the World Bank’s PRSP Sourcebook. This guidance states that PRSPs should include: health data on the poor and a clear analysis showing the determinants of ill health and pro-poor health strategies. Unfortunately, none of the PRSPs analysed comply with the guidance and, consequently, do not adequately portray the health situation within their countries. Thus health is not given a high priority in the PRSP process and is seemingly low on the agenda of both poor country governments and the International Financial Institutions (IFIs). If the situation for the world’s poorest people is to improve, health and the right to health need to be promoted within PRSPs.
- Published
- 2020
9. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infants and children under 5 years of age: WHO position paper February 2019/Vaccins antipneumococciques conjugues chez les nourrissons et les enfants de moins de 5 ans: note de synthese de I'OMS-fevrier 2019
- Subjects
Bacterial vaccines -- Standards -- Usage -- Composition ,Pediatric communicable diseases -- Care and treatment ,Pneumococcal infections -- Care and treatment -- Diagnosis ,Vaccines ,Tetanus toxoid ,Health policy ,Diphtheria toxoid ,Infants ,Public health ,Vaccination ,Government ,Health ,World Health Organization -- Records and correspondence -- Standards - Abstract
Introduction In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of [...]
- Published
- 2019
10. Telemedicine Across the Globe-Position Paper From the COVID-19 Pandemic Health System Resilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) International Consortium (Part 1)
- Author
-
Sonu Bhaskar, Sian Bradley, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Anil Adisesh, Alma Nurtazina, Saltanat Kyrykbayeva, Sateesh Sakhamuri, Sanni Yaya, Thankam Sunil, Pravin Thomas, Viviana Mucci, Sebastian Moguilner, Simon Israel-Korn, Jason Alacapa, Abha Mishra, Shawna Pandya, Starr Schroeder, Ashish Atreja, Maciej Banach, and Daniel Ray
- Subjects
telemedicine ,telehealth ,digital technologies ,health policy ,COVID-19 ,framework ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has accelerated the adoption of telemedicine globally. The current consortium critically examines the telemedicine frameworks, identifies gaps in its implementation and investigates the changes in telemedicine framework/s during COVID-19 across the globe. Streamlining of global public health preparedness framework that is interoperable and allow for collaboration and sharing of resources, in which telemedicine is an integral part of the public health response during outbreaks such as COVID-19, should be pursued. With adequate reinforcement, telemedicine has the potential to act as the “safety-net” of our public health response to an outbreak. Our focus on telemedicine must shift to the developing and under-developing nations, which carry a disproportionate burden of vulnerable communities who are at risk due to COVID-19.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Exploring the Role of Serology Testing to Strengthen Vaccination Initiatives and Policies for COVID-19 in Asia Pacific Countries and Territories: A Discussion Paper.
- Author
-
Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee, Fisher, Dale Andrew, Hsueh, Po-Ren, Lee, Ping-Ing, Nogales Crespo, Katya, and Ruxrungtham, Kiat
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *SEROLOGY , *ROUTINE diagnostic tests , *HEALTH policy , *IMMUNIZATION - Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive summary of evidence to explore and position the role of serology testing in the context of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) immunization and policy response in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region. The document builds on a review of academic literature and existing policies followed by a process of discussion, validation, and feedback by a group of six experts. Six countries and territories—Australia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and Taiwan—were sampled to highlight the differing contexts and scenarios in the region. The review includes an overview of (1) the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the emergence of Variants of Concern (VOCs), especially Omicron, (2) the introduction of immunization, (3) the available testing options and potential use of serology testing, (4) the landscape of guidelines and recommendations for their use, and (5) the barriers and challenges to implementing serology testing as a tool to support COVID-19 immunization. Based on the findings, the co-authors propose a set of recommendations to resolve knowledge gaps, to include the use of serology testing as part of the policy response, and to ensure adequate means of implementation. This paper's target audience includes members of the academic community, medical societies, health providers and practitioners, and decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Background Paper on Universal Maternity Care: Council on Maternal and Child Health, National Association for Public Health Policy
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Commentary on the EMA reflection paper on the pharmaceutical development of medicines for use in the older population.
- Author
-
van Riet‐Nales, Diana A., van den Bemt, Bart, van Bodegom, David, Cerreta, Francesca, Dooley, Brian, Eggenschwyler, Doris, Hirschlérova, Blanka, Jansen, Paul A. F., Karapinar‐Çarkit, Fatma, Moran, Abigail, Span, Jan, Stegemann, Sven, and Sundberg, Katarina
- Subjects
- *
OLDER patients , *OLDER people , *MEDICAL personnel , *POPULATION aging , *DRUG laws , *DRUGS - Abstract
Older people are often affected by impaired organ and bodily functions resulting in multimorbidity and polypharmacy, turning them into the main user group of many medicines. Very often, medicines have not specifically been developed for older people, causing practical medication problems for them like limited availability of easy to swallow formulations, easy to open packaging and dosing instructions for enteral administration. In 2020, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) published a reflection paper 'Pharmaceutical development of medicines for use in the older population', which discusses how the emerging needs of an ageing European population can be addressed by medicines regulation. The paper intends to help industry to better consider the needs of older people during pharmaceutical/clinical medicines development by summarising data on the most relevant topics, providing early suggestions on how to move forward and prompting expert discussions and studies into knowledge gaps. Topics include patient acceptability, (dis)advantages of an administration route, formulation, dosage form, packaging, dosing device and user instruction. While the paper is directed at older people and the pharmaceutical industry, the reflections are also relevant to younger patients with similar disease‐related needs and of value to other stakeholders parties, e.g., healthcare professionals, academics, patients and caregivers, as the paper makes clear what can be expected from industry and where collaborative work is needed. This commentary provides an overview of the different steps in the development of the reflection paper, discusses points considered most controversial and/or subject to (multidisciplinary) expert discussions and indicates their value for real world clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper, May 2017/ Vaccins contre les papillomavirus humains: note de synthese de l'OMS, mai 2017
- Subjects
Vaccines ,Papillomavirus infections -- Development and progression ,Health policy ,Government ,Health ,World Health Organization ,Cervarix (Vaccine) - Abstract
Introduction In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and vaccine combinations [...]
- Published
- 2017
15. Paper 1: Demand-driven rapid reviews for health policy and systems decision-making: lessons from Lebanon, Ethiopia, and South Africa on researchers and policymakers' experiences.
- Author
-
Mijumbi-Deve, Rhona M., Kawooya, Ismael, Kayongo, Edward, Izizinga, Rose, Mamuye, Hadis, Amog, Krystle, and Langlois, Etienne V.
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *UNIVERSAL healthcare , *DECISION making , *QUALITATIVE research , *THEMATIC analysis , *SEMI-structured interviews - Abstract
Background: Rapid reviews have emerged as an approach to provide contextualized evidence in a timely and efficient manner. Three rapid review centers were established in Ethiopia, Lebanon, and South Africa through the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, to stimulate demand, engage policymakers, and produce rapid reviews to support health policy and systems decision-making. This study aimed to assess the experiences of researchers and policymakers engaged in producing and using rapid reviews for health systems strengthening and decisions towards universal health coverage (UHC). Methods: Using a case study approach with qualitative research methods, experienced researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with respondents from each center (n = 16). The topics covered included the process and experience of establishing the centers, stimulating demand for rapid reviews, collaborating between researchers and policymakers, and disseminating and using rapid reviews for health policies and interventions and the potential for sustaining and institutionalizing the services. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Major themes interacted and contributed to shape the experiences of stakeholders of the rapid review centers, including the following: organizational structural arrangements of the centers, management of their processes as input factors, and the rapid reviews as the immediate policy-relevant outputs. The engagement process and the rapid review products contributed to a final theme of impact of the rapid review centers in relation to the uptake of evidence for policy and systems decision-making. Conclusions: The experiences of policymakers and researchers of the rapid review centers determined the uptake of evidence. The findings of this study can inform policymakers, health system managers, and researchers on best practices for demanding, developing and using rapid reviews to support decision- and policymaking, and implementing the universal healthcare coverage agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Karar Verme Konulu Politika Belgesi.
- Author
-
Azap, Alpay, Yalım, Neyyire Yasemin, and Cinel, İsmail
- Subjects
- *
INTENSIVE care units , *HEALTH policy , *HEALTH services administrators , *CRITICALLY ill , *HEALTH facility administration , *PATIENTS , *MEDICAL care use , *DECISION making , *EPIDEMICS , *PHYSICIANS , *PROFESSIONAL associations , *HEALTH care rationing - Abstract
Intensive Care Units (ICU) are units where vital support with advanced technology is given to critically ill patients and multidisciplinary approaches are frequently applied. As we all see during the pandemic, the ICU beds are limited in number; therefore, appropriate use of ICU beds is very important to give the necessary treatment to patients on time while allocating the resources rationally and efficiently. Practices to be implemented for this purpose may cause conflicts between the patients, relatives of the patients, the society and the healthcare team. It is crucial to prevent these conflicts and to ensure that they are resolved properly when they arise. This policy paper prepared by Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infection (Klimik), Turkish Society of Intensive Care and Turkish Bioethics Association brings suggestions to physicians and healthcare administrators regarding the rational use of intensive care units. We presume that it will be effective as supported by the professional organizations and medical associations operating in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. So Close, yet so Far: Discrepancies between Uveal and Other Melanomas. A Position Paper from UM Cure 2020
- Author
-
Manuel Rodrigues, Leanne de Koning, Sarah E. Coupland, Aart G. Jochemsen, Richard Marais, Marc-Henri Stern, André Valente, Raymond Barnhill, Nathalie Cassoux, Andrew Evans, Iain Galloway, Martine J. Jager, Ellen Kapiteijn, Bozena Romanowska-Dixon, Bettina Ryll, Sergio Roman-Roman, Sophie Piperno-Neumann, and the UM Cure 2020 Consortium
- Subjects
uveal melanoma ,cutaneous melanoma ,mucosal melanoma ,conjunctival melanoma ,health policy ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Despite much progress in our understanding of uveal melanoma (UM) over the past decades, this rare tumour is still often misclassified. Although UM, like other melanomas, is very probably derived from melanocytes, it is drastically different from cutaneous melanoma and most other melanoma subtypes in terms of epidemiology, aetiology, biology and clinical features, including an intriguing metastatic hepatotropism. UM carries distinctive prognostic chromosome alterations, somatic mutations and gene expression profiles, allowing an active tailored surveillance strategy and dedicated adjuvant clinical trials. There is no standard systemic treatment for disseminated UM at present. In contrast to cutaneous melanoma, UMs are not BRAF-mutated, thus curtailing the use of B-Raf inhibitors. Although these tumours are characterised by some immune infiltrates, immune checkpoint inhibitors are rarely effective, possibly due to a low mutation burden. UM patients across the world not only face rare cancer-related issues (e.g., specific management strategies, access to information and to expert centres), but also specific UM problems, which can be exacerbated by the common misconception that it is a subtype of cutaneous melanoma. As a European Consortium dedicated to research on UM and awareness on the disease, “UM Cure 2020” participants urge medical oncologists, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory agencies to acknowledge UM as a melanoma with specific issues, in order to accelerate the development of new therapies for patients.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. A Framework for Improving Health in Cities: A Discussion Paper
- Author
-
Glouberman, Sholom, Gemar, Michael, Campsie, Philippa, Miller, Glenn, Armstrong, Jim, Newman, Chayim, Siotis, Ariadne, and Groff, Philip
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Paper 3: Selecting rapid review methods for complex questions related to health policy and system issues.
- Author
-
Wilson, Michael G., Oliver, Sandy, Melendez-Torres, G. J., Lavis, John N., Waddell, Kerry, and Dickson, Kelly
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *DECISION making - Abstract
Approaches for rapid reviews that focus on streamlining systematic review methods are not always suitable for exploring complex policy questions, as developing and testing theories to explain these complexities requires configuring diverse qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies. Our objective was therefore to provide a guide to selecting approaches for rapidly (i.e., within days to months) addressing complex questions related to health policy and system issues. We provide a two-stage, transdisciplinary collaborative process to select a rapid review approach to address complex policy questions, which consists of scoping the breadth and depth of the literature and then selecting an optimal approach to synthesis. The first stage (scoping the literature) begins with a discussion with the stakeholders requesting evidence to identify and refine the question for the review, which is then used to conduct preliminary searches and conceptually map the documents identified. In the second stage (selection of an optimal approach), further stakeholder consultation is required to refine and tailor the question and approach to identifying relevant documents to include. The approach to synthesizing the included documents is then guided by the final question, the breadth and depth of the literature, and the time available and can include a static or evolving conceptual framework to code and analyze a range of evidence. For areas already covered extensively by existing systematic reviews, the focus can be on summarizing and integrating the review findings, resynthesizing the primary studies, or updating the search and reanalyzing one or more of the systematic reviews. The choice of approaches for conducting rapid reviews is intertwined with decisions about how to manage projects, the amount of work to be done, and the knowledge already available, and our guide offers support to help make these strategic decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Nature of the evidence base and strengths, challenges and recommendations in the area of nutrition and health claims: a position paper from the Academy of Nutrition Sciences.
- Author
-
Ashwell, Margaret, Hickson, Mary, Stanner, Sara, Prentice, Ann, and Williams, Christine M.
- Subjects
FOOD safety ,HEALTH policy ,NUTRITION ,GOVERNMENT regulation ,PUBLIC health ,HEALTH insurance reimbursement ,FOOD ,RISK management in business - Abstract
The regulation of health claims for foods by the Nutrition and Health Claims Regulation is intended, primarily, to protect consumers from unscrupulous claims by ensuring claims are accurate and substantiated with high quality scientific evidence. In this position paper, the Academy of Nutrition Sciences uniquely recognises the strengths of the transparent, rigorous scientific assessment by independent scientists of the evidence underpinning claims in Europe, an approach now independently adopted in UK. Further strengths are the separation of risk assessment from risk management, and the extensive guidance for those submitting claims. Nevertheless, four main challenges in assessing the scientific evidence and context remain: (i) defining a healthy population, (ii) undertaking efficacy trials for foods, (iii) developing clearly defined biomarkers for some trial outcomes and (iv) ensuring the composition of a food bearing a health claim is consistent with generally accepted nutrition principles. Although the Regulation aims to protect the consumer from harm, we identify some challenges from consumer research: (i) making the wording of some health claims more easily understood and (ii) understanding the implications of the misperceptions around products bearing nutrition or health claims. Recommendations are made to overcome these challenges. Further, the Academy recommends that a dialogue is developed with the relevant national bodies about Article 12(c) in the Regulation. This should further clarify the GB Guidance to avoid the current non-level playing field between health professionals and untrained 'influencers' who are not covered by this Article about the communication of authorised claims within commercial communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Research Paper: Health Responses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Strategy and Experience Analysis.
- Author
-
Rafieepour, Athena, Masoumi, Gholamreza, and Dehghani, Arezoo
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *MEDICAL emergencies , *MEDICAL care , *WORLD health , *EPIDEMICS - Abstract
Background: Sharing experiences and learning from health measures taken during the outbreak of epidemics is a critical issue that affects the right and timely decisions in health crises. In the present study, an attempt has been made to review the health policies adopted against COVID-19 and extract critical points for resolving the epidemic crisis. Materials and Methods: This article was a comparative study. The study population comprised Canada, Japan, Germany, Korea, Turkey, and Iran. Ten effective indicators in the management of epidemics were extracted by reviewing the literature and interviewing disaster management experts, and the degree of conformity of the research community with them was examined. The study data were collected from articles published in scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus search engines) or information from COVID-19 disease management organizations from official sites. The obtained data were processed and analyzed by matrix content analysis. Results: The results showed the importance of 10 effective indicators in the management of epidemics during the outbreak of COVID-19 studied and noticed by the health system of most countries. And the government, local and private organizations have participated in the implementation of the studied indicators according to the conditions of each country's health system. Therefore, the success rate of countries in managing COVID-19 disease varies according to the time, type, and manner of implementation and monitoring of measures. Conclusion: Speed of action in adopting health policies and integration in its implementation, construction of convalescence, adequate training and access to personal protective equipment, prevention of nosocomial contamination, and voluntary assistance are essential issues in the fight against epidemics. These measures should be considered and used as teachings in managing health crises, especially emerging diseases and pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Human papillomavirus vaccines WHO position paper/Vaccins anti-papillomavirus humain Note d'information de l'OMS
- Subjects
World Health Organization -- Health policy ,Papillomavirus infections -- Prevention ,Cervical cancer -- Prevention ,Public health -- Reports -- Health aspects -- Usage ,Government ,Health ,Prevention ,Usage ,Health policy ,Reports ,Health aspects - Abstract
In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and vaccine combinations against [...]
- Published
- 2009
23. Call for papers: Generating stronger evidence to inform policy and practice: natural experiments on built environments, health behaviours and chronic diseases.
- Subjects
BUILT environment ,HEALTH behavior ,CHRONIC diseases ,HEALTH policy ,PUBLIC health officers - Abstract
The article is a call for papers in the Health Promotion & Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada journal. It focuses on the topic of natural experiments on built environments, health behaviors, and chronic diseases. The built environment, which includes structures, recreation facilities, transportation systems, and community design, has been linked to the development of chronic diseases and health behaviors. Natural experiments, which are interventions that occur without a researcher's manipulation, offer an opportunity to evaluate the effects of changes to the built environment on health behaviors and chronic disease risk. The special issue aims to provide evidence on the effectiveness of built environment interventions in a Canadian context. The journal is seeking research articles that present new findings or synthesize existing evidence on natural experiments and their impact on health behaviors and chronic disease prevention. The submission deadline is November 30, 2024. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for childhood immunization--WHO position paper/Vaccin antipneumococcique conjugue pour la vaccination infantile--note d'information de l'OMS
- Subjects
World Health Organization -- Health policy ,Streptococcus pneumoniae -- Control -- Health aspects -- Diagnosis -- Prognosis -- Care and treatment -- Analysis -- Usage ,Pneumococcal infections -- Prognosis -- Control -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment ,Public health -- Care and treatment -- Analysis -- Health aspects -- Usage ,Pneumococcal vaccine -- Health aspects -- Usage -- Analysis ,Government ,Health ,Control ,Diagnosis ,Care and treatment ,Usage ,Analysis ,Health policy ,Prognosis ,Health aspects - Abstract
In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO is issuing a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and vaccines combinations [...]
- Published
- 2007
25. A critical systems intervention to improve the implementation of a district health system in KwaZulu-Natal. (Research Paper)
- Author
-
Luckett, Sidney and Grossenbacher, Kaspar
- Subjects
KwaZulu -- Social policy ,Health care industry -- Case studies ,Computers ,Psychology and mental health ,Health care industry ,Health policy ,Case studies ,Social policy - Abstract
This paper reports on a critical systems inquiry into the complexities of the implementation of a District Health System in the KwaZulu-Natal province of post-Apartheid South Africa. The inquiry process, which was `governed' by Checkland's Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) and followed the four-phase learning cycle developed by Kolb, produced `conceptual models' which enabled participant stakeholders to gain fresh perspectives on the context and, in so doing, to get the implementation process `unstuck'. At the theoretical/methodological level the paper contributes to the growing literature on the combination of systems methods by illustrating how conceptual models of purposeful human activity, a method intrinsic to SSM, were constructed from the participatory use of Concept Maps and Sign-graph Diagrams. We also reflect on the interrelationship between methodology/method combination and two other aspects of the intervention that we considered to be important for maintaining the `systemicity' of the intervention, viz., the inquiry context and boundary critique. Keywords boundary critique; health systems; learning cycle; policy, INTRODUCTION The difficulties that public agencies have in achieving the goals of social policies are often rooted in the limitations of conventional managerial approaches in dealing with the `messy' problems [...]
- Published
- 2003
26. The Principles of Effectiveness: early awareness and plans for implementation in a national sample of public schools and their districts. (Research Papers)
- Author
-
Simons-Rudolph, Ashley P., Ennett, Susan T., Ringwalt, Christopher L., Rohrbach, Louise Ann, Vincus, Amy A., and Johnson, Ruby E.
- Subjects
Drugs and youth -- Prevention ,Public schools -- Services -- Social policy -- Government finance ,Student health services -- Finance -- Management -- Government finance ,Education ,Health ,Company business management ,Company financing ,Management ,Finance ,Prevention ,Government finance ,Health policy ,Services ,Social policy - Abstract
The US Department of Education's Principles of Effectiveness require recipients of Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Community Act funds to: a) base drug and violence prevention programs on needs assessment data, b) develop measurable program goals and objectives, c) implement programs with research evidence of effectiveness, and d) periodically evaluate programs relative to their goals and objectives. This paper reports the extent of awareness of the Principles of Effectiveness and plans for their implementation among public school districts and schools in the United States in the year following their announcement. Results showed a greater percentage of public school districts than individual schools knew about the principles and planned for implementation, but baseline levels of awareness for both districts and schools were relatively low. Schools were more likely to know about the principles when their associated school district also knew. Results suggest a need for greater communication about the principles to school districts, and in turn, a need for greater communication between district and school-level substance use prevention staff., On July 1, 1998, the US Department of Education promulgated the Principles of Effectiveness and made compliance with the principles prerequisite for public schools to continue receiving funds through the [...]
- Published
- 2003
27. The role of systems research and operational research in community involvement: a case study of a health action zone. (Research Paper)
- Author
-
White, Leroy
- Subjects
United Kingdom -- Social policy ,Health care industry ,Computers ,Psychology and mental health ,Health care industry ,Health policy ,Social policy - Abstract
In recent years community involvement and increasingly local partnerships with community groups have become central themes in debates and policies surrounding urban regeneration. The paper attempts to explore the contribution that operational research and systems research could make to these debates. The potential contribution will be illustrated by a case study on developing community involvement in the context of a local area health initiative, namely the Health Action Zone Programme. The case study describes work undertaken over a period of two years, ending in April 2001, and reflects on how community involvement as a strategy was formed through paying attention to local relationships, and institutions. A range of participatory techniques was used as well as methods from operational research and the systems field. A framework for community involvement was developed from the work and will be presented. Keywords community involvement; regeneration; systems thinking; community OR, INTRODUCTION Probably the most important theme of the UK government's regional policy for health is regeneration. It is claimed that the processes and partnerships put in place to regenerate areas [...]
- Published
- 2003
28. Paper promises: Peruvian frontline health workers' perspectives on mental health policies during COVID-19.
- Author
-
Mayo-Puchoc, Nikol, Bejarano-Carranza, Jenny, Paredes-Angeles, Rubí, Vilela-Estrada, Ana Lucía, García-Serna, Jackeline, Cusihuaman-Lope, Noelia, Villarreal-Zegarra, David, Cavero, Victoria, and Ardila-Gómez, Sara
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,MENTAL health policy ,COMMUNITY mental health services ,MENTAL health promotion ,DIGITAL divide - Abstract
Governments globally deployed various non-pharmacological public health measures to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. lockdowns and suspension of transportation, amongst others); some of these measures had an influence on society's mental health. Specific mental health policies were therefore implemented to mitigate the potential mental health impact of the pandemic. We aimed to explore the implementation of mental health regulations adopted by the Peruvian health system by focusing on the care services at Community Mental Health Centres (CMHCs), based on the experiences of health workers. We conducted a phenomenological qualitative study to understand the implementation of mental health policies launched in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were obtained from a document review of 15 national policy measures implemented during the pandemic (March 2020 to September 2021), and 20 interviews with health workers from CMHCs (September 2021 to February 2022). The analysis was conducted using thematic content analysis. Most implemented policies adapted CMHC care services to a virtual modality during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, various challenges and barriers were evidenced in the process, which prevented effective adaptation of services. Workers perceived that ineffective telemedicine use was attributed to a gap in access to technology at the CMHCs and also by users, ranging from limited access to technological devices to a lack of technological skills. Further, although mental health promotion and prevention policies targeting the community were proposed, CMHC staff reported temporary interruption of these services during the first wave. The disparity between what is stated in the regulations and the experiences of health workers is evident. Policies that focus on mental health need to provide practical and flexible methods taking into consideration both the needs of CMHCs and socio-cultural characteristics that may affect their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Behavioural and social sciences for better health: call for papers
- Author
-
Altieri, Elena, Grove, John, Habersaat, Katrine Bach, Michie, Susan, and Sunstein, Cass R.
- Subjects
Smoking ,Health policy ,Exercise ,Health - Abstract
What drives people towards tobacco use? What prevents people from doing physical exercise or adopting preventive measures during a pandemic? What increases the likelihood that someone will adhere to treatment [...]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Variation in School Health Policies and Programs by demographic characteristics of US schools. (Research Papers)
- Author
-
Brener, Nancy D., Jones, Sherry Everett, Kann, Laura, and McManus, Tim
- Subjects
High schools -- Demographic aspects -- Social policy -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Health aspects ,High school students -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Health aspects ,Education ,Health ,Government regulation ,Health policy ,Demographic aspects ,Social policy ,Health aspects ,Laws, regulations and rules - Abstract
To understand the relationship between demographic characteristics of schools and school health policies and programs, this study analyzed data from the School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) 2000. SHPPS 2000 provides nationally representative data on eight components of school health. Data were collected from school faculty and staff using onsite, computer-assisted personal interviews, then linked with extant data on school characteristics. Results from a series of regression analyses indicated that the presence of most policies and programs examined differed according to school type (public, private, or Catholic), urbanicity, school enrollment size, per-pupil expenditure, percentage of White students and, among high schools, percentage of college-bound students. No one type of school, however, was more likely than another type to have all key aspects of a school health program in place. Regardless of school characteristics, all schools are capable of implementing quality school health programs. (J Sch Health. 2003;73(4):143-149), School health programs can play a critical role in reducing health-risk behavior and promoting healthy behavior among young people. Allensworth and Kolbe described eight components of a comprehensive school health [...]
- Published
- 2003
31. Positioning uterus transplantation as a 'more ethical' alternative to surrogacy: Exploring symmetries between uterus transplantation and surrogacy through analysis of a Swedish government white paper.
- Author
-
Guntram, Lisa and Williams, Nicola Jane
- Subjects
- *
ORGAN & tissue transplantation laws , *UTERUS , *HEALTH policy , *ORGAN donors , *TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc. - Abstract
Within the ethics and science literature surrounding uterus transplantation (UTx), emphasis is often placed on the extent to which UTx might improve upon, or offer additional benefits when compared to, existing 'treatment options' for women with absolute uterine factor infertility, such as adoption and gestational surrogacy. Within this literature UTx is often positioned as superior to surrogacy because it can deliver things that surrogacy cannot (such as the experience of gestation). Yet, in addition to claims that UTx is superior in the aforementioned sense it is also often assumed (either implicitly or explicitly) that UTx is less fraught with ethical difficulties and thus should be considered a less morally problematic option. This article seeks to examine this assumption. Given that much UTx research has been performed in Sweden, a country where surrogacy is effectively although not currently explicitly forbidden, we do this through an analysis of the arguments underpinning a 2016 Swedish white paper which considered amending existing policy such that altruistic surrogacy arrangements would be permitted. By applying the white paper's arguments for a restrictive position on altruistic surrogacy to the case of UTx using living altruistic donors we find that such arguments, if they hold in the case of surrogacy, apply similarly to UTx. We thus suggest that, for reasons of consistency, a similar stance should be taken towards the moral and legal permissibility of these two practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Policy Recommendations in Epidemiology Research Papers
- Author
-
Rothman, Kenneth J.
- Published
- 1993
33. A Ban on Policy Recommendations in Epidemiology Research Papers? Surely, You Jest!
- Author
-
Coughlin, Steven S.
- Published
- 1994
34. Research ethics and artificial intelligence for global health: perspectives from the global forum on bioethics in research.
- Author
-
Shaw, James, Ali, Joseph, Atuire, Caesar A., Cheah, Phaik Yeong, Español, Armando Guio, Gichoya, Judy Wawira, Hunt, Adrienne, Jjingo, Daudi, Littler, Katherine, Paolotti, Daniela, and Vayena, Effy
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,RESEARCH ethics ,BIOETHICS ,WORLD health ,FORUMS ,HEALTH policy - Abstract
Background: The ethical governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in health care and public health continues to be an urgent issue for attention in policy, research, and practice. In this paper we report on central themes related to challenges and strategies for promoting ethics in research involving AI in global health, arising from the Global Forum on Bioethics in Research (GFBR), held in Cape Town, South Africa in November 2022. Methods: The GFBR is an annual meeting organized by the World Health Organization and supported by the Wellcome Trust, the US National Institutes of Health, the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the South African MRC. The forum aims to bring together ethicists, researchers, policymakers, research ethics committee members and other actors to engage with challenges and opportunities specifically related to research ethics. In 2022 the focus of the GFBR was "Ethics of AI in Global Health Research". The forum consisted of 6 case study presentations, 16 governance presentations, and a series of small group and large group discussions. A total of 87 participants attended the forum from 31 countries around the world, representing disciplines of bioethics, AI, health policy, health professional practice, research funding, and bioinformatics. In this paper, we highlight central insights arising from GFBR 2022. Results: We describe the significance of four thematic insights arising from the forum: (1) Appropriateness of building AI, (2) Transferability of AI systems, (3) Accountability for AI decision-making and outcomes, and (4) Individual consent. We then describe eight recommendations for governance leaders to enhance the ethical governance of AI in global health research, addressing issues such as AI impact assessments, environmental values, and fair partnerships. Conclusions: The 2022 Global Forum on Bioethics in Research illustrated several innovations in ethical governance of AI for global health research, as well as several areas in need of urgent attention internationally. This summary is intended to inform international and domestic efforts to strengthen research ethics and support the evolution of governance leadership to meet the demands of AI in global health research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. National policies for the promotion of physical activity and healthy nutrition in the workplace context: a behaviour change wheel guided content analysis of policy papers in Finland.
- Author
-
Seppälä, Tuija, Hankonen, Nelli, Korkiakangas, Eveliina, Ruusuvuori, Johanna, and Laitinen, Jaana
- Subjects
HEALTH promotion ,HEALTH education ,PHYSICAL activity ,NUTRITION ,FOOD habits ,PUBLIC health ,EXERCISE ,HEALTH behavior ,INDUSTRIAL hygiene ,HEALTH policy ,WORK environment - Abstract
Background: Health policy papers disseminate recommendations and guidelines for the development and implementation of health promotion interventions. Such documents have rarely been investigated with regard to their assumed mechanisms of action for changing behaviour. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and Behaviour Change Techniques (BCT) Taxonomy have been used to code behaviour change intervention descriptions, but to our knowledge such "retrofitting" of policy papers has not previously been reported. This study aims first to identify targets, mediators, and change strategies for physical activity (PA) and nutrition behaviour change in Finnish policy papers on workplace health promotion, and second to assess the suitability of the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) approach for this purpose.Method: We searched all national-level health policy papers effectual in Finland in August 2016 focusing on the promotion of PA and/or healthy nutrition in the workplace context (n = 6). Policy recommendations targeting employees' nutrition and PA including sedentary behaviour (SB) were coded using BCW, TDF, and BCT Taxonomy.Results: A total of 125 recommendations were coded in the six policy papers, and in two additional documents referenced by them. Psychological capability, physical opportunity, and social opportunity were frequently identified (22%, 31%, and 24%, respectively), whereas physical capability was almost completely absent (1%). Three TDF domains (knowledge, skills, and social influence) were observed in all papers. Multiple intervention functions and BCTs were identified in all papers but several recommendations were too vague to be coded reliably. Influencing individuals (46%) and changing the physical environment (44%) were recommended more frequently than influencing the social environment (10%).Conclusions: The BCW approach appeared to be useful for analysing the content of health policy papers. Paying more attention to underlying assumptions regarding behavioural change processes may help to identify neglected aspects in current policy, and to develop interventions based on recommendations, thus helping to increase the impact of policy papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. What makes an academic paper useful for health policy?
- Author
-
Whitty, Christopher J. M.
- Subjects
HEALTH policy ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,POLICY sciences ,SIMPLICITY (Philosophy) ,ECONOMIC research ,ECONOMIC decision making ,SOCIAL sciences ,LITERATURE - Abstract
Evidence-based policy ensures that the best interventions are effectively implemented. Integrating rigorous, relevant science into policy is therefore essential. Barriers include the evidence not being there; lack of demand by policymakers; academics not producing rigorous, relevant papers within the timeframe of the policy cycle. This piece addresses the last problem. Academics underestimate the speed of the policy process, and publish excellent papers after a policy decision rather than good ones before it. To be useful in policy, papers must be at least as rigorous about reporting their methods as for other academic uses. Papers which are as simple as possible (but no simpler) are most likely to be taken up in policy. Most policy questions have many scientific questions, from different disciplines, within them. The accurate synthesis of existing information is the most important single offering by academics to the policy process. Since policymakers are making economic decisions, economic analysis is central, as are the qualitative social sciences. Models should, wherever possible, allow policymakers to vary assumptions. Objective, rigorous, original studies from multiple disciplines relevant to a policy question need to be synthesized before being incorporated into policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Sociocultural behavioral traits in modelling the prediction of COVID-19 infection rates
- Author
-
Alba, Charles and Mittal, Manasvi M.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Interoperability and Considerations for Standards-Based Exchange of Medical Images: HIMSS-SIIM Collaborative White Paper.
- Author
-
Persons, Kenneth R., Nagels, Jason, Carr, Chris, Mendelson, David S., Primo, Henri "Rik", Fischer, Bernd, and Doyle, Matthew
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC data interchange standards ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,INFORMATION retrieval ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL records ,TECHNOLOGY ,TRUST ,ACCESS to information - Abstract
This white paper explores the considerations of standards-based interoperability of medical images between organizations, patients, and providers. In this paper, we will look at three different standards-based image exchange implementations that have been deployed to facilitate exchange of images between provider organizations. The paper will describe how each implementation uses applicable technology and standards; the image types that are included; and the governance policies that define participation, access, and trust. Limitations of the solution or non-standard approaches to solve challenges will also be identified. Much can be learned from successes elsewhere, and those learnings will point to recommendations of best practices to facilitate the adoption of image exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Diagnosis and management of asthma in preschoolers: A Canadian Thoracic Society and Canadian Paediatric Society position paper.
- Author
-
Ducharme, Francine M, Dell, Sharon D, Radhakrishnan, Dhenuka, Grad, Roland M, Watson, Wade TA, Yang, Connie L, and Zelman, Mitchell
- Subjects
- *
ADRENOCORTICAL hormones , *HORMONE therapy , *ASTHMA treatment , *ASTHMA diagnosis , *DRUG therapy for asthma , *PEDIATRICS , *ASTHMA , *HEALTH policy , *MEDICAL societies , *RESPIRATORY obstructions , *RESPIRATORY therapy equipment , *SYMPTOMS , *CHILDREN , *SOCIETIES - Abstract
Asthma often starts before six years of age. However, there remains uncertainty as to when and how a preschool-age child with symptoms suggestive of asthma can be diagnosed with this condition. This delays treatment and contributes to both short- and long-term morbidity. Members of the Canadian Thoracic Society Asthma Clinical Assembly partnered with the Canadian Paediatric Society to develop a joint working group with the mandate to develop a position paper on the diagnosis and management of asthma in preschoolers. In the absence of lung function tests, the diagnosis of asthma should be considered in children one to five years of age with frequent (≥8 days/month) asthma-like symptoms or recurrent (≥2) exacerbations (episodes with asthma-like signs). The diagnosis requires the objective document of signs or convincing parent-reported symptoms of airflow obstruction (improvement in these signs or symptoms with asthma therapy), and no clinical suspicion of an alternative diagnosis. The characteristic feature of airflow obstruction is wheezing, commonly accompanied by difficulty breathing and cough. Reversibility with asthma medications is defined as direct observation of improvement with short-acting ß2-agonists (SABA) (with or without oral corticosteroids) by a trained health care practitioner during an acute exacerbation (preferred method). However, in children with no wheezing (or other signs of airflow obstruction) on presentation, reversibility may be determined by convincing parental report of a symptomatic response to a three-month therapeutic trial of a medium dose of inhaled corticosteroids with as-needed SABA (alternative method), or as-needed SABA alone (weaker alternative method). The authors provide key messages regarding in whom to consider the diagnosis, terms to be abandoned, when to refer to an asthma specialist and the initial management strategy. Finally, dissemination plans and priority areas for research are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Recommendations for the safe, effective use of adaptive CDS in the US healthcare system: an AMIA position paper.
- Author
-
Petersen, Carolyn, Smith, Jeffery, Freimuth, Robert R, Goodman, Kenneth W, Jackson, Gretchen Purcell, Kannry, Joseph, Liu, Hongfang, Madhavan, Subha, Sittig, Dean F, and Wright, Adam
- Abstract
The development and implementation of clinical decision support (CDS) that trains itself and adapts its algorithms based on new data-here referred to as Adaptive CDS-present unique challenges and considerations. Although Adaptive CDS represents an expected progression from earlier work, the activities needed to appropriately manage and support the establishment and evolution of Adaptive CDS require new, coordinated initiatives and oversight that do not currently exist. In this AMIA position paper, the authors describe current and emerging challenges to the safe use of Adaptive CDS and lay out recommendations for the effective management and monitoring of Adaptive CDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Medical consensus, guidelines, and position papers: A policy for the ECFS.
- Author
-
De Boeck, K., Castellani, C., and Elborn, J.S.
- Subjects
- *
CYSTIC fibrosis , *ROBUST control , *HEALTH policy , *MEDICAL publishing , *MEDICAL societies - Abstract
The terms consensus, guideline and position paper are sometimes employed as if they were interchangeable, but the purpose of such documents and the robustness of advice vary as the evidence base does not have the same depth in each. The Board of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society deemed it to be helpful to provide a short commentary on the definition of these terms, on their interconnections and on how ECFS considers them in documents endorsed by the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. HPR204 Role of Access-Reach Integration Framework (ARIF) in Optimizing Health Governance in Egypt – Health Policy Conceptual Paper.
- Author
-
Anan, I
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Health economics in Africa from 1991 to 2020: A systematic review.
- Author
-
Xiao Meng, Gang Mu, and Jiaxuan Tong
- Subjects
MEDICAL economics ,HEALTH facilities ,HEALTH policy ,DEVELOPED countries ,ECONOMIC research - Abstract
This systematic review was conducted to identify, evaluate and characterize the overall progress of health economics research conducted for Africa. Health economics studies carried out from 1991 to 2020 for Africa were retrieved from the EconLit database using relevant searching strategies. According to the methodology of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, qualified journal papers were included. Using bibliometrics, we ran a series of analyses on authorship, studied countries, affiliations, and countries of origin, journals, and research topics. A total of 2935 studies were screened, and 178 were included in this review. We observed that the determinants of illness is the most researched topics. The United States, World Bank, University of California Berkeley, are respectively the most influential countries, world organizations, and academic institutions in the field of health economics of Africa. HIV/AIDs is still the leading health issue in highly cited health economics studies in Africa. Health Policy and Planning is the most productive and academically influential journal, and Kenya is the most studied country by health economists among all African countries. African health systems are vulnerable compared to developed countries, as many of them are underfunded. The academic strength in Africa is much weaker than that of leading health economics counties. Even within the continent, the academic development and the attention it receives are uneven. More influential health economics studies of Africa should be published in addition to the disease focus of HIV/AIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. 10-12 July 2017, At the Liverpool Medical Institution (LMI), 114 Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, United Kingdom Calls for Papers: The Governance of Health Conference 2017 Historical & Contemporary Perspectives on Medical, Managerial and Economic Influence on Health Policy-Making
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC health conferences , *HEALTH policy - Abstract
The article calls for papers on The Governance of Health Conference 2017 Historical & Contemporary Perspectives on Medical, Managerial and Economic Influence on Health Policy-Making, to be submitted by January 29, 2017.
- Published
- 2017
45. Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Needs in Health Care Sectors—A Critical Analysis of Social Innovation in the Health Sector in Taiwan.
- Author
-
Chu, Winnie and Chu, Nain-Feng
- Subjects
CORPORATE culture ,TAIWANESE people ,HEALTH services accessibility ,DIFFUSION of innovations ,RURAL health ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,HEALTH policy ,SOCIAL responsibility ,PRIVATE sector ,PUBLIC relations ,CORPORATIONS ,HEALTH care industry ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,ORGANIZATIONAL goals ,URBAN health ,MEDICAL care costs - Abstract
Background: Social innovation is often used as a mechanism to jump-start public–private partnerships to leverage resources to achieve social impact; the analysis of sustainability and the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) cannot be emphasized enough. Due to advances in the information and communication technology industry in Taiwan, this paper aims to explore whether these advancements drive CSR as a form of social innovation to meet health needs in Taiwan. Methodology: This paper uses a case study to look at CSR programs in the health sector in Taiwan. Corporations with diverse missions and different CSR approaches that are available on the internet are selected. The analysis of the case study takes a qualitative, exploratory approach to shed light on current initiatives. Results: The majority of CSR programs in Taiwan are private sector activities that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic; current CSR activities in Taiwan are driven by awards, public relations, and external interests. Corporations in Taiwan have the potential to address the health care gaps of urban–rural health utilization among Taiwanese indigenous communities. It is recommended for corporations to (1) develop partnerships with public health experts or to (2) employ CSR personnel with health care backgrounds who can navigate the intersection between health, business, and policies to develop CSR strategies. Conclusions: Further evaluation of the projects mentioned in this paper to assess the direct and indirect impact on health outcomes could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the field of CSR in the health sector in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. White Paper on CTSA Consortium Role in Facilitating Comparative Effectiveness Research.
- Author
-
Selker, Harry P., Strom, Brian L., Ford, Daniel E., Meltzer, David O., Pauker, Stephen G., Pincus, Harold A., Rich, Eugene C., Tompkins, Chris, and Whitlock, Evelyn P.
- Subjects
- *
MEDICAL research , *PUBLIC health , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
In 2006, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiated the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) as part of the NIH Roadmap Initiative, in order to improve the conduct and impact of NIH's clinical and translational research portfolio. The CTSA program is intended not only to transform the training programs and research infrastructure at individual academic institutions, but also to create a nation-wide collaborative consortium to transform the biomedical research enterprise. In January 2009, the NIH CTSA National Consortium adopted Strategic Goals to maximize the CTSAs' impact on the Nation's healthcare and health. Of these, the CTSA Strategic Goal 4 is to promote the translation of the results of clinical and translational research into practice and public policy. To advance this goal, a committee was constituted to focus on the organization and development of the CTSA Consortium's comparative effectiveness research (CER) capacity, an increasingly important component of research translation into practice and policy. This Committee's Workgroups took on a number of deliverables in service of this objective, including producing this White Paper on how the CTSA Consortium might best facilitate CER, for NIH's Institutes and Centers (ICs), other Federal agencies, outside stakeholders, and the healthcare system overall. This White Paper offers some specific suggestions for how the CTSA Consortium might support this emerging and crucial national effort to generate, synthesize, and disseminate CER in order to improve healthcare decision-making and health outcomes. Important points of reference for this White Paper are two Congressionally mandated reports on CER released at the end of June 2009, one by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and another by the Federal Coordinating Council for CER (FCC-CER). The definitions of CER by each report, and their recommendations for the CER enterprise, are highly germane to the purpose of this CTSA Consortium White Paper. The CER definition used in the IOM Report was, "The generation and synthesis of evidence that compares the benefits and harms of alternative methods to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor a clinical condition or to improve the delivery of care. The purpose of CER is to assist patients, clinicians, purchasers, policy makers, and the public to make informed decisions that will improve health care at both the individual and population levels."… [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Changing social burden of Japan’s three major diseases including Long-term Care due to aging
- Author
-
Hirata, Koki, Matsumoto, Kunichika, Onishi, Ryo, and Hasegawa, Tomonori
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Reply to Commentary on Our Paper 'Palliative Care and Patient Autonomy.'
- Author
-
Joseph P. DeMarco and Samuel H. LiPuma
- Subjects
lcsh:R5-920 ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medical education ,Palliative care ,Evidence-based practice ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Alternative medicine ,MEDLINE ,Declaration ,Library science ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Short Review ,Health informatics ,medicine ,Confidentiality ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business - Abstract
PEER REVIEW: One peer reviewer contributed to the peer review report. Reviewers’ reports totaled 27 words, excluding any confidential comments to the academic editor. FUNDING: The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. DECLARATION OF CONFLICTING INTERESTS: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Author Contributions Both the authors contributed to all aspects of the manuscript.
- Published
- 2017
49. An ESMO-EORTC position paper on the EU clinical trials regulation and EMA's transparency policy: making European research more competitive again.
- Author
-
Dittrich, C., Negrouk, A., and Casali, P. G.
- Subjects
- *
CLINICAL trials , *PUBLIC health , *HEALTH policy - Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Reducing user fees for primary health care in Kenya: Policy on paper or policy in practice?
- Author
-
Chuma, Jane, Musimbi, Janet, Okungu, Vincent, Goodman, Catherine, and Molyneux, Catherine
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *MEDICAL care financing , *USER charges , *COMMUNITY health services , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Background: Removing user fees in primary health care services is one of the most critical policy issues being considered in Africa. User fees were introduced in many African countries during the 1980s and their impacts are well documented. Concerns regarding the negative impacts of user fees have led to a recent shift in health financing debates in Africa. Kenya is one of the countries that have implemented a user fees reduction policy. Like in many other settings, the new policy was evaluated less that one year after implementation, the period when expected positive impacts are likely to be highest. This early evaluation showed that the policy was widely implemented, that levels of utilization increased and that it was popular among patients. Whether or not the positive impacts of user fees removal policies are sustained has hardly been explored. We conducted this study to document the extent to which primary health care facilities in Kenya continue to adhere to a 'new' charging policy 3 years after its implementation. Methods: Data were collected in two districts (Kwale and Makueni). Multiple methods of data collection were applied including a cross-sectional survey (n = 184 households Kwale; 141 Makueni), Focus Group Discussions (n = 12) and patient exit interviews (n = 175 Kwale; 184 Makueni). Results: Approximately one third of the survey respondents could not correctly state the recommended charges for dispensaries, while half did not know what the official charges for health centres were. Adherence to the policy was poor in both districts, but facilities in Makueni were more likely to adhere than those in Kwale. Only 4 facilities in Kwale adhered to the policy compared to 10 in Makueni. Drug shortage, declining revenue, poor policy design and implementation processes were the main reasons given for poor adherence to the policy. Conclusion: We conclude that reducing user fees in primary health care in Kenya is a policy on paper that is yet to be implemented fully. We recommend that caution be taken when deciding on how to reduce or abolish user fees and that all potential consequences are carefully considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.