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In this paper I consider various shifts in my research and understanding stimulated by seeking how to combat social ecological crises connected to modern economies. The discussion and critical reflections are structured around five papers that were submitted to Environmental Values in an open call to address my work. A common aspect is the move away from neoclassical environmental economics, and its reductionist monetary valuation, to a more realist theory and multiple methods. This relates to my work on environmental ethics, plural values, stated preference validity and deliberative monetary valuation. Expanding beyond the narrow confines of mainstream orthodoxy has involved exploring a range of other disciplines (e.g. applied philosophy, social psychology, human geography, political science, social anthropology, history of thought and philosophy of science) and learning from this literature to rethink economics and develop social ecological economics. A broad range of subjects are covered here, including: personal responsibility, social practice, psychology of the individual, participatory processes, value (intrinsic, instrumental and relational), Nature–society relationships and interdependencies, critical realism and the conduct of unifying interdisciplinary science. I end with a series of comments concerning the failings of orthodox economics and the conduct of scientific research for social ecological transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Human needs, and their fulfillment, are the building blocks of human development, personality, and well-being. However, no published paper in the field of psychology has focused on exploring aesthetic needs. Maslow (1986) gave the topic little more than a paragraph; and Dweck [1], in her elegant Unified Theory of Motivation, Personality, and Development, never mentions aesthetic needs. The aim of this article is to describe developing a scale for measuring the intensity of aesthetic needs. The structure, psychometric properties, and criterion-related validity of the scale were verified with three independent samples (total N = 592). The results of an EFA and two CFAs indicated a three-factor structure: 1) the need to aestheticize everyday life (aesthetic experiences of everyday objects and events unrelated to art, such as the presentation of food or the appearance of a workspace, etc.); 2) the need for contact with aesthetic creations (the arts); 3) the need to aestheticize the built and natural environments (urban spaces, architecture, parks, wild nature, etc.). In addition, our criterion-related convergent validity studies have shown that people with high aesthetic needs are characterized by experiencing more intense experiences in contact with works of art, have higher aesthetic competence in art, are more intensely involved in four forms of beauty, have a higher ability to integrate beauty, a stronger trait gratitude, curiosity about nature, greater sensitivity to disgust, and the need for internal and external stimulation. This scale may prove useful in research on individual differences and the psychology of aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Collective behavior is a widespread and important phenomenon among human society, biological populations, swarm robots and multi-agents. The mathematical model shows that the collective behavior originates from the simple local interaction rules among the individuals. However, the nature of the interaction is rarely understood, and most models and theories only rely on physical assumptions. Thus, some researchers look for evidences and concepts to understand collective behavior from social science. To enhance the authenticity of simulation, more dimensions and psychological details of the individual are needed. This paper reviews the traditional physical model and the concept of group psychology. Classical physics models are systematically reviewed, discussed, and analyzed, and simulation methods commonly used in this field are introduced. Physical models can simulate the general collective behavior and have the characteristics of microscopic and macroscopic models. The results show that the traditional physical model can simulate most groups, but it lacks the expression of individual psychological mechanism. Psychological concepts can reveal the internal evolutionary mechanism of collective behavior. In the real world, the cognitive psychology of an individual is dynamic, diverse, and complex. As a result, the individual psychology in the group will change at any time, then the collective behavior will be transformed into the dispersion behavior. Finally, we emphasize some interdisciplinary issues in this field, which can produce a more comprehensive understanding of collective behavior. In future work, the simulation of collective behavior will be developed to be more natural, efficient and realistic, and to produce a multidisciplinary understanding of social aggregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methods for obtaining valuable knowledge from the vast amount of mixed-quality information have become a top priority for knowledge demanders. As an online knowledge-sharing channel, the socialized question and answer (Q&A) platform provides important support services for knowledge payment. Based on the personal psychological dimensions of users and social capital theory, this paper aims to study the behavior mechanisms of knowledge payment users and examine the significant factors affecting user payment. Our research was conducted in two steps: a qualitative study to find these factors and a research model based on a quantitative study for testing the hypothesis. The results show that the three dimensions of individual psychology are not all positively correlated with cognitive and structural capital. Our results fill a gap in the literature on the formation of social capital in the knowledge payment environment by showing how individual psychological dimensions affect cognitive and structural capital differently. Thus, this study offers effective countermeasures for knowledge producers on social Q&A platforms to better amass their social capital. This research also makes practical recommendations for social Q&A platforms to strengthen the knowledge payment model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adlerian Pattern-Focused Therapy is an evidence-based practice based on Individual Psychology. This paper explores the therapy's definition, historical development, the specific processes involved in the therapeutic sessions, and how case conceptualization is approached. Central to this therapy is its goal to transform maladaptive behavioral and cognitive patterns into healthier, adaptive ones. The structured approach encompasses a series of 10 sessions, focusing primarily on the strategy of pattern replacement. Tools like the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Outcome Rating Scale, and Session Rating Scale play a pivotal role in these counseling sessions, providing measurable outcomes and feedback. While Adlerian Pattern-Focused Therapy has gained notable traction in contemporary mental health discourse, its widespread adoption remains limited within Türkiye. Nevertheless, its evidence-based foundation and pragmatic application render it a promising avenue for enhancing mental health services, not only in Türkiye but also across global contexts. By providing information about this therapy, this study may contribute to its implementation and execution within the scope of mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of academic papers, newspaper articles, and other media representations from all over the world recently bring climate change's impact on mental health into focus. Commonly summarized under the terms of climate or ecological emotions, these reports talk about distress, anxiety, trauma, grief, or depression in relation to environmental decline and anticipated climate crisis. While the majority of psychology and mental health literature thus far presents preliminary conceptual analysis and calls for empirical research, some explanations of ecological emotions are already offered. They mainly draw from psychoanalysis and depth existential and humanistic psychology, as well as social psychology and address the relationship between ecological emotions and individual engagement in climate action. While these studies suggest building on individual resilience if concerned by ecological emotions, we argue that this only addresses their acute symptoms and not the (chronic) social causes. Based upon our literature research, we show that in an individualistic society such as the (neo-)liberal ones, feelings of individual responsibility are fostered, and this also applies to climate activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Easterlin pointed out that economic growth in nations does not guarantee increasing happiness for the average citizen, the underlying reason has remained controversial. The present study focuses on income inequality to explain the "Easterlin Paradox," ignoring the permanent inequality that long-term wealth accumulation brings. Based on social comparison theory, the literature aims to determine how wealth inequality, which accompanies economic growth, diminishes one's happiness (inequality aversion). Specifically, we conduct this study in which we split the wealth inequality into the upward wealth inequality and the downward wealth inequality as measures of upward comparison and downward comparison, respectively. The upward wealth inequality measures the average gap between one and the better-off in wealth while the downward wealth inequality measures the average gap between one and the worse-off in wealth. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of the area of respondent is analyzed and the family life cycle is tested as a moderator. The main findings of the paper are as follows: (1) The empirical test results of hypothesis 1 indicate that the upward wealth inequality aversion (jealousy effect: people envy who is richer than themselves) is stronger than the downward wealth inequality inclination (proud effect: people enjoy having a superior position in the wealth hierarchy). It is due to the psychological preference: loss aversion. As an increase in upward distance implies a loss in relative status and an increase in downward distance implies a gain in relative status, people focus more on loss rather than gain. (2) The empirical test results of hypothesis 2 indicate that residents who live in rural areas do not have a proud effect as much as those who live in urban areas. There is a huge urban-rural wealth gap in China. With the expansion of the social network, people living in rural areas realize that even he is almost the rich in rural areas but still the lower classes in the whole society. It is hard for rural residents to have a proud effect. (3) The empirical test results of hypothesis 3 indicate that family members have the strongest upward inequality aversion in the middle-stage phase of the life cycle (when the family head is approximately 50). During the family life cycle, inequality aversion will be different in different life stages due to the changes in economic status expectations. At the beginning of the family life cycle, family members assume their life has limitless possibilities, and they have high expectations for the future. Logically, they can be easily satisfied by achieving a little more than their peers. In later periods, with increasing age, the members will pay more attention to health instead of wealth. The results shed light on how macroeconomics influence changes in individual psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Religious Studies / Dini Araştırmalar is the property of Diyanet Isleri Baskanligi Yayinlari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although psychoanalysis is losing its influence in diagnostic and clinical practice and is often marginalized, it remains influential in psychology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, and the humanities. Toward the end of his career, Sigmund Freud moved from clinical practice to a philosophical diagnosis of culture and predicted that in the future someone would decide to venture into the pathology of cultural communities. The paper, focusing on the possibilities of applying psychoanalytic approaches to cultural phenomena, is based on Freud’s assumption that all cultural reality is constructed by the psyche of individuals, and that is why culture can be analysed and diagnosed as human consciousness and unconsciousness. The text focuses on the issue of symbols and symbolism and their direct and massive transfer of notions and concepts, which originate in individual psychology, to the field of mass psychology, that is, to a vast territory including society, culture, civilization, and the masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Culture & Folk Literature / Farhang va Adabiyyāt-i ̒āmah is the property of Tarbiat Modares University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose - This paper aims to call attention to the relative neglect in strategic decision-making research to include a sense dimension, proposing a broadened conceptualization of strategic decision making that accounts for the processes through which managers generate sense when exposed to turbulence in their environments. Design/methodology/approach - Based on scholarly writing and empirical-oriented examples, the paper illustrates how managers cope with unusual and unexpected situations, and discusses fruitful directions for future research. Findings - When faced with turbulence, managers generate and communicate sense through believing in and arguing for a certain course of action, and through meeting talk and interaction that entwine with emotions. The focus on both retrospective and prospective orientation of action unfolds a sense dimension integral to which are belief and emotion. Research limitations/implications - Important questions for future research concern the role "plausibility" plays in strategic action, the relationship between retrospective and prospective orientation of action, and the information conveyed by emotions. Practical implications - The paper could contribute to an increased awareness among practitioners that they can act effectively when coping with turbulence simply by making plausible sense, and encourage reconciliation between calculative rationality and emotion, in practice promoting their complementarity. Originality/value - The paper affords a broadened conceptualization of strategic decision making through interrelating scholarly writing on strategic decision making, sense-making and emotion. It also draws inspiration from Polanyi's work on tacit dimension and knowing, furthering an understanding of how retrospective and prospective orientation unfold in connection with a tacit relation, constituting a so-called sense-made reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational public value and organizational reputation are different concepts stemming from independent research traditions. Nevertheless, the constructs share several similarities, which make a systematic comparison and investigation of their relationship a promising and necessary endeavor. In this paper, we compare the two constructs along seven dimensions, with special attention to the micro-level of individual psychology. Several similarities regarding strategic relevance, locus of control, measurement unit, process dynamics, and axiological nature exist. As we will see, the constructs differ significantly with respect to the basis of evaluation and their dominant logic. We draw on a recent micro-foundation of public value to elaborate on these differences and develop propositions about how the constructs are related. Public value applies a holistic basis of evaluation covering all basic values and collective frames of reference, while reputation is more adaptive. Moreover, public value follows a logic of contribution (to a collective), while reputation follows a logic of recognition (by a collective). The two constructs should not be taken as similar or used interchangeably. However, both fields can benefit from a joint theoretical basis and micro-foundation, as well as from connected research programs. Practitioners should consider both constructs in connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose — The aim of this paper is to link complexity theory to the intentional change process by examining the role of emotional attraction. A research study currently underway on intentional change theory (ICT) in a healthcare context is presented. Design/methodology/approach — This paper uses the concept of ‘attractors’ from complexity theory to suggest that emotion affects the process of intentional change in different ways dependent upon whether the emotion is positive or negative. Determination of the emotion in this way proposes the existence of either a positive emotional attractor (PEA) or a negative emotional attractor (NEA). The paper discusses positive psychology's perspective on the differential impacts of positive and negative emotion. The paper also outlines an ongoing research project at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center which examines the concept of PEA and its effect on diabetes self-management as well as its consequent role in improved health. Findings — A review of the literature and subsequent development of hypotheses and the conceptual model, indicate education for chronically ill adults must be purposeful and directed toward a self-perceived need for personal change; include their own disease experience; allow them to become active participants in learning; and lastly, the learning process should be considerate of individual cognitive ability. Originality/value — ICT could address the needs of chronically ill patients as its focus is a self-directed journey to personal change and learning. The potential of ICT is enormous given that diabetes is a national problem that has reached epidemic proportions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is an editorial statement from the Behavioral Economics and Decision Analysis Department of the journal Management Science. The department seeks papers that explore how decisions are made by individuals and groups, with a focus on behavioral economics, decision analysis, and judgment and decision making. The department is interested in topics such as the psychology of decision making, models that account for uncertainty and deviations from rational behavior, methods to elicit and aggregate judgments, and interventions to improve decision making. The department values transparency and encourages authors to document their research process. The article also suggests that authors whose work does not have a behavioral element may consider submitting to other departments within the journal. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of the paper is to analyse the illusion of knowing in metacognitive monitoring of the learning activity of university students (n = 262). The analysis focuses on the effects of the different types of information proposed and of personal, cognitive, metacognitive, and individual psychological characteristics of the participants. The research has shown that the illusion of knowing can occur in all types of metacognitive judgments, but is more evident in prospective judgments and depends on the type of information, its length and style, task type, etc. There are empirically established correlations between the selected personal, cognitive, and metacognitive characteristics. Gender and age differences in the manifestation of the illusion of knowing are not observed, although it is found that women tend towards overconfidence. The results also showed that the illusion of knowing is more typical for younger students, especially for those with lower levels of academic achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stereotype threat is a well-known construct in psychology wherein individuals who belong to a negatively stereotyped demographic group underperform on cognitive or academic tasks due to the detrimental effects of a stereotype. Many psychologists have suggested that stereotype threat may be one of the reasons that some demographic groups are underrepresented in advanced academic programs and STEM fields. However, others have raised concerns about the quality of the stereotype threat research, suggesting that its apparent effects are inflated and that the phenomenon may be an illusion of questionable research practices and publication bias. The purpose of this proposed meta-analysis is to evaluate the existence of stereotype threat by (1) identifying the average effect size of stereotype threat studies in different types of studies, (2), investigating whether publication bias and p-hacking are present in the empirical research on stereotype threat, (3) testing for the influence of theoretical and methodological moderators, (4) assessing the overall quality of the research on stereotype threat, (5) and identifying the average effect in the methodologically strongest studies. This meta-analysis will be limited to studies that report data from African Americans because this population is a theoretically important group in stereotype threat research, and the size of score gaps between the African American and non-stereotyped populations in the United States should make the stereotype threat effect easiest to detect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- This paper aims to describe how organisation coaches can work at relational depth with their clients by exploring the unconscious relational dynamics of the coaching relationship and their links to unconscious dynamics in the client's organisation. Design/methodology/approach -- The paper draws on relational psychoanalytic theory of the individual and system psychodynamic theories of organisations to argue that unconscious dynamics that emerge between the coach and client can be understood as: a complex unconscious interaction between how the client and coach organise their relationships; a repetition of how the client participates in unconscious organisation dynamics; and shaping the coach's subjective experience in the work, including their emotional and embodied responses to the client. These propositions are explored through an in-depth qualitative case study of the author's work with a client. Findings -- The case illustrates how unconscious organisation dynamics shaped the client's experience of his role, evoking in him feelings of powerlessness and anger. The coach initially identified with these feelings because of his own relational past. As a result, the relationship became stuck in a repetitive dynamic which could be understood as an expression of the stuck dynamics in the organisation around the unconscious management of anxieties within its management structures. A shift in the coaching relationship was brought about through the coach's disclosure of his own experience and naming of feelings and emotions that were previously implicit and out of awareness in the coaching relationship. The subsequent exploration of the dynamics of the coaching relationship helped the client to understand at a deeper level his struggle in the organisation and to take up a different position in the organisation dynamics. The case study highlights how the dynamics of the coaching relationship can be understood as a repetition of unconscious processes by the client in the organisation. Practical implications -- The paper highlights how coaches can understand and work with unconscious dynamics in the coaching relationship. This requires coaches not only to be self-aware, but also to possess the emotional maturity and confidence to work with difficult emotional material. Originality/value -- The paper demonstrates how psychoanalytic theory of individuals and organisations can be integrated into a relational approach to coaching which facilitates the exploration of the client's experience of their work in an organisation context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to model the link between political participation and life satisfaction whilst correcting for the endogenous nature of the relationship; explore the impact of different strengths of political participation and aim to uncover if the relationship displays different patterns by gender. Design/methodology/approach - The data originate from the 2006/2007 European Social Survey. The analysis spanned across a pooled data set for 20 European countries. Three alternative empirical frameworks were trialled: an ordered probit regression, a linear regression model and a two-step, simultaneous treatment effect model to address endogeneity concerns. Findings - Following the correction for endogeneity via two-step, simultaneous treatment regressions, political participation - and specifically strong political engagement - displays a robust, statistically significant, strong and positive impact on life satisfaction. It was deduced that actual political participation, and not merely the right to participate in the political process, is a source of procedural utility. Research limitations/implications - The cross-sectional nature of the data imposes design limitations to examining trends and changes over time. It follows that the analysis cannot rely on fixed-effect estimations to control for time-invariant factors. Originality/value - Once the results are corrected for endogeneity, the empirical results reveal that the effect of actual political participation on life satisfaction not only matters, but also as the strength of political engagement grows it matters even more. Findings hold true even when a multitude of socio-demographic characteristics are controlled for. These are important results for researchers and policy makers who are concerned about the happiness of people in democratic societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- This paper aims to review the concept of mindfulness and to show how it can be extended from psychology into management. Also, it seeks to introduce a new model of the psyche which incorporates two types of mindfulness ("meta-mindfulness" and "supra-mindfulness") which can be used by managers to increase their capacity to handle emotional reactivity and to reduce stress. Design/methodology/approach -- It is proposed that the "meta-self" or Managing Ego plays a key role in emotions management and stress reduction by using meta-mindfulness to actively monitor one's sub-selves which react with the external world. The current approach also postulates that an individual's "supra-self" or inner-observer is crucial in reducing stress by passively exercising neutral observation of all psychic activity via the above-mind state of supra-mindfulness. Research limitations/implications -- The paper indicates how the proposed models of the psyche and of the dynamics of mindfulness in emotions and stress management can be tested empirically in future management research. Practical implications -- Mindfulness techniques are recommended for use by managers in practice to avoid emotional reactivity and to manage stress. Originality/value -- The present approach builds on existing theory to provide new constructs and models that help to explain the dynamics of mindfulness in managing emotions and in reducing stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is draw together the different explanations of low attention advertising effects in the related, yet traditionally separate, paradigms of low involvement processing and mere exposure effects. Further to this, the paper aims to integrate these perspectives into a more holistic theoretical framework for researching and explaining low attention advertising effects. Design/methodology/approach - A critical review of the consumer literature in the related areas of low involvement processing and mere exposure effects is undertaken. This reveals very different explanations of the psychological processes that underpin research within these paradigms, and gives rise to a conceptual problem in the understanding of how advertising creates effects under conditions of low attention. Findings - This paper argues that these two streams of research should not be seen as competing theories, however, but that collectively they explain the different routes by which advertising creates effects under conditions of low attention. Specifically, the paper proposes an integrated model of advertising effects that identifies two distinct routes to the creation of advertising effects under conditions of low attention. This model is founded on the notion that mere exposure effects are essentially driven by perceptual processes, whilst low involvement processing is almost universally seen to be underpinned by conceptual processes. Practical implications - As the two routes incorporate different psychological processes, it is argued that such a distinction gives rise to important implications for advertising design and research. These are discussed in detail. Originality/value - This paper draws together the various strands of research from related, yet traditionally separate, fields of research and provides a framework in which to develop further empirical and theoretical work into low attention advertising effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose — If the ideal self is the emotional driver of intentional change, the purpose of this paper is to explore the components of a person's personal vision and how it comes from their ideal self. Design/methodology/approach — Based on the concept of the ideal self from intentional change theory, the paper examines a variety of theoretical foundations, from psychoanalytic to positive psychology. Each views the ideal self and its components as deficiencies needing therapeutic intervention or the heights of human experience and intrinsic motivation. Findings — The ideal self is a primary source of positive affect and psychophysiological arousal helping provide the drive for intentional change. Many current frameworks or theories examine only portions of this model and, therefore, leave major components unaddressed. The ideal self is composed of three major components: an image of a desired future; hope (and its constituents, self-efficacy and optimism); and a comprehensive sense of one's core identity (past strengths, traits, and other enduring dispositions). Originality/value — Intentional change is hard work and often fails because of lack of sufficient drive and the proper intrinsic motivation for it. This model of the ideal self creates a comprehensive context within which a person (or at other fractals, a group or system) can formulate why they want to adapt, evolve, or maintain their current desired state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the individual psychology of Alfred Adler with a focus on the implications for political science. Adler's emphasis on social characteristics of the family suggests several hypotheses about the influence of siblings on a sense of political efficacy. These hypotheses are tested with the following results. First, the size of the family affects the sense of political efficacy of boys, but not girls. As family size increases, boys' sense of political efficacy decreases. Second, birth order affects the sense of political efficacy. Specifically, youngest children have a higher sense of political efficacy than middle children, who have a higher sense of political efficacy than oldest children. Finally, the sense of political efficacy for sibling dyads conforms to the predictions based on birth order effects. Siblings of the same sex have lower agreement scores than siblings of the opposite sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the concept of grounded cognition and its potential impact on cognitive-oriented cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). It challenges the traditional view of cognition as purely information-based and suggests that cognition is closely tied to our experiences through brain simulations. The author argues for the adoption of a grounded cognition model in CBT, which takes into account biological influences on cognition. This shift in perspective could have practical implications for therapy, such as using affective methods to change beliefs and diversifying interventions aimed at changing irrational beliefs. The article also emphasizes the importance of understanding the connection between cognition and emotion in therapy. [Extracted from the article]

Implicit biases - differential attitudes towards members of distinct groups - are pervasive in human societies and create inequities across many aspects of life. Recent research has revealed that implicit biases are generally driven by social contexts, but not whether they are systematically influenced by the ways that humans self-organize in cities. We leverage complex system modeling in the framework of urban scaling theory to predict differences in these biases between cities. Our model links spatial scales from city-wide infrastructure to individual psychology to predict that cities that are more populous, more diverse, and less segregated are less biased. We find empirical support for these predictions in U.S. cities with Implicit Association Test data spanning a decade from 2.7 million individuals and U.S. Census demographic data. Additionally, we find that changes in cities' social environments precede changes in implicit biases at short time-scales, but this relationship is bi-directional at longer time-scales. We conclude that the social organization of cities may influence the strength of these biases. Implicit biases are influenced by social contexts which, in cities, are shaped by the constraints of urban infrastructure networks. Here the authors show that more populous, more diverse, and less segregated cities are less biased and that this is predicted by a complex systems model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between individual work-related curiosity and worker innovation and to test the mediating role of worker divergent thinking.Design/methodology/approach In all, 480 participants, holding 188 different jobs, filled in a validated work-related curiosity scale and indicated their job title. Job requirements in terms of divergent thinking and innovation − derived from the Online Information Network (O*NET) database − were used as proxies for divergent thinking and innovation skills.Findings Results indicated that individual work-related curiosity was a positive predictor of worker innovation and that worker divergent thinking mediated this relationship.Research limitations/implications Individual work-related curiosity supports exploratory skills which support in turn innovation skills.Practical implications Managers could use individual work-related curiosity as a predictor of innovation skills when recruiting, training and guiding employees.Originality/value This study is the first to show an association between individual work-related curiosity and innovation skills across more than 150 different jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the issue of predatory training programs in the field of industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology. These programs aggressively market themselves to nontraditional students, such as veterans, but often leave students unprepared for the workforce and burdened with debt. The article suggests strategies for addressing this issue, including maintaining rigorous training and offering flexibility, belongingness, and a return on investment. It emphasizes the importance of faculty quality, mentorship, and community-building within programs. The article also highlights the role of faculty, students, and alumni in educating applicants about reputable training programs and the career outcomes they can expect. Overall, the article calls for collective efforts to combat predatory programs and maintain the reputation of the I-O psychology field. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this study was to determine the unique and shared contributions of various positive psychology constructs (gratitude, optimism, hope, self-compassion, self-efficacy, and emotion regulation) to wellbeing and distress outcomes in young people living with a diverse range of chronic health conditions. 169 Australians (84.0% female, mean age = 21.2) who reported living with a chronic physical condition completed a cross-sectional survey assessing wellbeing, distress, and each positive psychology variable. Two multiple regressions were used to determine the unique and shared contributions of the positive psychology variables to wellbeing and distress outcomes. When considered alongside symptom severity, the variables explained 53.4% and 38.1% of variance in distress and wellbeing, respectively. Only optimism and self-efficacy accounted for unique and significant variance in the model predicting wellbeing, accounting for 6.1% and 4.6% of unique variance, respectively. For the distress model, optimism, self-compassion, and emotion regulation each accounted for significant variance. When considered alongside other variables, hope and gratitude did not contribute to either model. Findings suggest that individual positive psychology variables differentially contribute to wellbeing and distress outcomes in young people with chronic conditions. Optimism appears to account for unique variance in both outcomes, suggesting it may be a parsimonious target to promote complete mental health in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construct validity of test anxiety requires not only confirmation of its factor structure, distinction from related affective constructs, and negative relationship with test performance, but also requires that the test scores of test anxious individuals have lower levels of predictive validity than the test scores of individuals with lower levels of test anxiety. This paper examines these varying components of the construct validity of test anxiety and presents evidence of the constructs' unique position within the nomological network as well as evidence that test anxiety reduces the predictive validity of scores on a measure of academic aptitude. Implications for assessment in high stakes settings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating influence of communication satisfaction on the association between individual-job congruence and both job performance and job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach - Moderated regression analysis was used to assess data collected from 302 employees addressing the research variables of job scope, growth need strength, satisfaction with communication, job performance, and job satisfaction. Findings - Satisfaction with communication received weak support as a moderator of the individual-job congruence model; nevertheless, it received strong support as a main predictor of both performance and satisfaction. Research limitations/implications - Low statistical power frequently reflected by moderated regression analysis may explain the weak support communication satisfaction received as a moderator. Different approaches for solving the presence of low power are discussed. On the other hand, the elusive venture of promoting and experiencing satisfaction with communication has been detected and the need for exploring the possible curvilinear effects of specific communication dimensions and organizational constructs on communication satisfaction is introduced. Practical implications - Variables associated with human interaction may be dysfunctional at both extremes. For example, upward communication might have favorable and unfavorable consequences on satisfaction with communication. Thus, dealing with communication satisfaction may necessitate the adoption of a contingency approach. Originality/value - The uniqueness of this research lies in its effort of exploring the moderating impact of communication satisfaction on the job characteristics model. The results encourage future research endeavors and particular management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose — The purpose of this paper is to explore the process by which individual change occurs. Design/methodology/approach — This conceptual paper presents the intentional change theory (ICT) perspective on the role of positive and negative emotion in individual level intentional change. Existing emotion research is reviewed to provide a framework for discussion. Findings — ICT offers a new understanding on the role of positive and negative emotion in the process of intentional change. The positive emotional attractor (PEA) triggers constructive cognitive and physiological responses that enhance an individual's motivation, effort, optimism, flexibility, creative thinking, resilience and other adaptive behaviors. The negative emotional attractor (NEA) triggers another process by calling attention to current social and environmental stressors that may compromise an individual's effectiveness. While both emotional attractors play an important role in intentional change, it is critically important to leverage the beneficial effects of PEA arousal. Practical implications — Through thorough understanding of the PEA and NEA coaching and other ways of helping adults change can be enhanced. ICT is currently used worldwide in MBA classrooms, executive education programs and executive coaching contexts. Research on the impact of positive and negative emotion in intentional change can enhance these practice applications. Originality/value — To date, no one has conceptualized the PEA and NEA in this manner. This proposes an enhancement of the previously developed notions of the value of positive emotion and positivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose — The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the real self in intentional change. Design/methodology/approach — Social science theory and research are used to respond to four primary questions: what is the real self, why is the real self essential to intentional change, how does one access the real self, and what are the challenges to accessing the real self with respect to intentional change? Findings — The implications of this paper suggest scholars and practitioners should revisit the assumptions made in employee and leadership competency development efforts by seeking to draw upon a more comprehensive self of the individual being developed. Implications for further research show the need for a new direction in multisource feedback assessment research and use and empirical studies that understand the real self in relation to the other components of intentional change theory (ICT). Practical implications — Implications for practice reveal a need to rethink how executive coaches and human resource professionals approach management and leadership development by expanding the view of the self. Originality/value — This paper helps researchers and practitioners better understand what the real self's importance is to intentional change theory and discusses the obstacles and benefits of accessing the real self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last 25 years, the study of disaffected pupils has been a central topic in the sociology of education. Yet despite its popularity in academic circles the impact of the sociological perspective on policy has been negligible; today the individualised, psychologically orientated approach stills holds sway in most parts of the educational profession. This paper suggests that part of this failure at least is attributable to theoretical inadequacies in the sociological research that has been carried out to date, much of which is based on a one-dimensional notion of social structure and an overrationalistic view of individual psychology. Three key "educational structures' are introduced (the production of ability, the production of values, the production of occupational identity) and a more appropriate model of human personality is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the question of ethical expertise and does so in the context of bioethics or, more accurately, applied ethics and the ethical governance of the life sciences. This analysis builds on a perspective set out in a previous paper and develops it further such that it relates to democratic processes. I argue that the academic practice of applied ethics exhibits a particular logic, way of thinking or eidos. Drawing on work in the history of science I present the logic of this practice as underpinned by a particular set of values or ethos. This can be contrasted with what Bernstein calls the democratic ethos as well as that of everyday moral agents. Using the framework of expertise developed by Collins and Evan's—which differentiates between ubiquitous, contributory, and interactional expertise—I suggest that (bio)ethicists should modulate their expertise depending on the particular nature of the fora—academic, public, and policy-making—they are speaking in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People have been shown to be optimistically biased when their future outcome expectancies are assessed. In fact, we display optimism bias (OB) toward our own success when compared to a rival individual's (personal OB [POB]). Similarly, success expectancies for social groups we like reliably exceed those we mention for a rival group (social OB [SOB]). Recent findings suggest the existence of neural underpinnings for OB. Mostly using structural/functional MRI, these findings rely on voxel-based mass-univariate analyses. While these results remain associative in nature, an open question abides whether MRI information can accurately predict OB. In this study, we hence used predictive modelling to forecast the two OBs. The biases were quantified using a validated soccer paradigm, where personal (self versus rival) and social (in-group versus out-group) forms of OB were extracted at the participant level. Later, using gray matter cortical thickness, we predicted POB and SOB via machine-learning. Our model explained 17% variance (R2 = 0.17) in individual variability for POB (but not SOB). Key predictors involved the rostral-caudal anterior cingulate cortex, pars orbitalis and entorhinal cortex—areas that have been associated with OB before. We need such predictive models on a larger scale, to help us better understand positive psychology and individual well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a long-held belief in psychology and beyond that individuals' music preferences reveal information about their personality traits. While initial evidence relates self-reported preferences for broad musical styles to the Big Five dimensions, little is known about day-to-day music listening behavior and the intrinsic attributes of melodies and lyrics that reflect these individual differences. The present study (N = 330) proposes a personality computing approach to fill these gaps with new insights from ecologically valid music listening records from smartphones. We quantified participants' music preferences via audio and lyrics characteristics of their played songs through technical audio features from Spotify and textual attributes obtained via natural language processing. Using linear elastic net and non-linear random forest models, these behavioral variables served to predict Big Five personality on domain and facet levels. Out-of-sample prediction performances revealed that - on the domain level - Openness was most strongly related to music listening (r = .25), followed by Conscientiousness (r = .13), while several facets of the Big Five also showed small to medium effects. Hinting at the incremental value of audio and lyrics characteristics, both musical components were differentially informative for models predicting Openness and its facets, whereas lyrics preferences played the more important role for predictions of Conscientiousness dimensions. In doing so, the models' most predictive variables displayed generally trait-congruent relationships between personality and music preferences. These findings contribute to the development of a cumulative theory on music listening in personality science and may be extended in numerous ways by future work leveraging the computational framework proposed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As modernization continues to advance the development of digital society, social media has become an important part of people’s daily life and an extension and expansion of real social interactions. In this process, social media use and individual social psychology have increasingly become the object of academic attention, among which the relationship between selfie behavior, as an important interaction practice of youth group in social media, and social anxiety needs to be further explored and discussed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation of selfie behavior, body image, and social anxiety among young people in China. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative empirical methods, a questionnaire survey was conducted in Chinese mainland (n = 920) to examine the mediating effects of social comparison and body image on social media selfie behavior and social anxiety, and found that there was a significant negative relationship between youth social media selfie behavior and social anxiety, while the sequence mediating effects of social comparison and body image were significant. The findings of the study provide new ideas and directions for exploring the intervention paths of youth social psychology in the era of image socialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concept formation is fundamental to human cognition as we understand object, people and events through concepts. It turns out that many properties of concepts are found in word meaning and use, suggesting that meanings are psychologically represented through the conceptual system. How words are interpreted by other speakers play an important role in language acquisition and communication. Language acquisition and interpretation of utterances also involve coordination of visual stimuli such as gesture and facial expressions. In this paper we have explored how meanings are assigned to onomatopoeic words by the adolescents having different degrees of visual impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New technologies are emerging at a fast pace without being properly analyzed in terms of their social impact or adequately regulated by societies. One of the biggest potentially disruptive technologies for the future is the metaverse, or the new Internet, which is being developed by leading tech companies. The idea is to create a virtual reality universe that would allow people to meet, socialize, work, play, entertain, and create. Methods coming from future studies are used to analyze expectations and narrative building around the metaverse. Additionally, it is examined how metaverse could shape the future relations of power and levels of media addiction in the society. Hype and disappointment dynamics created after the video presentation of meta's CEO Mark Zuckerberg have been found to affect the present, especially in terms of certainty and designability. This idea is supported by a variety of data, including search engine n-grams, trends in the diffusion of NFT technology, indications of investment interest, stock value statistics, and so on. It has been found that discourse in the mentioned presentation of the metaverse contains elements of optimism, epochalism, and inventibility, which corresponds to the concept of future essentialism. On the other hand, power relations in society, inquired through the prism of classical theorists, indicate that current trends in the concentration of power among Big Tech could expand even more if the metaverse becomes mainstream. Technology deployed by the metaverse may create an attractive environment that would mimic direct reality and further stimulate media addiction in society. It is proposed that future inquiries examine how virtual reality affects the psychology of individuals and groups, their creative capacity, and imagination. Also, virtual identity as a human right and recommender systems as a public good need to be considered in future theoretical and empirical endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the previous studies on the impact of risk perception on travel intention are based on an individual psychological perspective, and the understanding based on the perspective of macropsychology is insufficient. Analyzing the temporal and spatial characteristics of risk perception theory at the macropsychological and regional levels will expand the scope of risk perception theory, which may help to promote the orderly recovery of tourism activities under the normalization of epidemics at the regional level. This study uses Baidu big data, through a panel VAR analysis, to explore the impact of people's epidemic risk perception on travelers intentions from a macropsychological level and to analyze the temporal and spatial differences of this impact. From a temporal perspective, this study found that the early stage of epidemic risk perception had a negative impact on travel intentions, and later, a compensatory effect on travelers intentions appeared. From the perspective of risks at different threat levels, the Wuhan epidemic with a high degree of threat had a greater impact, while foreign epidemics had less impact. From the perspective of spatial differences, this study indicated that the negative impact of attention to epidemics on attention to tourism basically shows a gradual decay from the core to secondary and then to peripheral areas. This research will reveal some new findings on the impact of perceived risk on behavior intention at the temporal and spatial levels, and will have certain reference value for regional tourism restoration and marketing under the influence of epidemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research attributes vulnerability to financial hardship either to structural inequities or to poor financial behavior. Less attention has been paid to the role of social psychological factors or to the relative contribution of demographics, behavior, and social psychology in understanding an individual's vulnerability to financial hardship. While studies have examined psychosocial factors in financial outcomes, we argue that these factors represent a missing perspective in the construction of interventions to lessen vulnerability. We further argue that a holistic perspective considering all three factors is needed to address vulnerability to financial hardship. Capitalizing on the richness of the CFPB National Financial Well‐Being Survey data (n = 6394), we examine the unique contribution of psychosocial factors in explaining an individual's financial vulnerability over and above demographics and behaviors. Using four different measures of financial hardship, we find that all three types of factors play important roles in understanding vulnerability to financial hardship. Our findings suggest that more holistic measures and interventions are needed to enhance consumer financial well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We investigated the relationship between mindfulness and compassion in a broader way than is typically done by (a) using a recent, comprehensive conceptualization of mindfulness as a manifold of self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence, and (b) by casting a wide net of compassion measures [i.e., the Compassionate Love for Humanity Scale (Sprecher and Fehr in J Soc Pers Relatsh 22(5):629–651, 2005); Compassion Scale (Martins et al. in J Health Care Poor Underserved 24:1235–1246, 2013); Compassion Scale (Pommier in Assessment 27:21–39, 2020); Relational Compassion Scale (Hacker in The relational compassion scale: Development and validation of a new self-rated scale for the assessment of self-other compassion, University of Glasgow, 2008); and the SOCS-O scale (Gu et al. in Clin Psychol Rev 37:1–12, 2020)]. Additionally, we examined the interplay between mindfulness, compassion, and ethical sensitivities by assessing the influence of the moral foundations (individualizing and binding) on compassion, and the influence of mindfulness, the moral foundations, and compassion on awareness of privilege. Methods: We surveyed 407 undergraduate students. Factor analysis was used to examine the dimensionality of the compassion measures; path analysis to examine the relationships between all variables. Results: Factor analysis revealed distinct affective (empathy, indifference), cognitive (common humanity, recognizing suffering), and motivational (willingness to act) aspects of compassion. Mindfulness, under its aspects of reflective awareness, self-compassion, and self-transcendence, was associated with compassion, with reflective awareness predicting multiple aspects of compassion over and beyond the normal mechanisms of the mindfulness manifold and the moral foundations. Individualizing was associated with all aspects of compassion; binding was only connected to recognizing suffering and a willingness to act. Awareness of privilege was positively connected to mindfulness through individualizing and the recognition of common humanity; it was also directly negatively related to the moral foundation of binding. Conclusions: Mindfulness and compassion have synergistic and distinct positive effects on ethical sensitivities. Given that both compassion and ethical sensitivities have roots in mindfulness, mindfulness interventions might be one possible venue to enhance these positive aspects of individuals' psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Educational psychology focuses on the laws of change in the knowledge, skills, and individual psychology of the educatees in the process of education and teaching. Writing teaching is a key and difficult point in literature teaching. Nowadays, it is common for students to be afraid and tired of writing in school literature education. In view of these problems, the present work optimizes the teaching mode of writing from the perspective of reconstructing the writing subject. Through literature research and interdisciplinary analysis, a questionnaire is designed to analyze the literary situation and the reconstruction of writing subjects in literary education. The questionnaire is aimed at three aspects, namely the hidden educational effect of teachers' personality charm, the influencing factors of students' psychology and students' learning effect, and the influencing factors of psychology of the communication between teachers and students and teachers' teaching effect. Then, the changes of students' performance in literary class in these three aspects before and after using the teaching strategy of writing subject reconstruction are analyzed. Finally, the changes of students' grades in the literary course are investigated. In this experiment, a total of 400 questionnaires were distributed, and a total of 389 questionnaires were collected. The survey results show that the number of students who feel the classroom atmosphere is active increases by 10%, the number of students who listen carefully and take notes increases by 7%, and 45% of students have improved their grades. Besides, after the implementation of the teaching strategy, most students change their attitude to the literature course, become more active, and significantly improve their motivation for learning. This study has a certain reference value for the analysis of literary situations and the reconstruction of writing subjects in literary education from the perspective of educational psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]