Search

Türk dünyası edebiyat birikiminin Kazak coğrafyasında şiirleriyle dikkati çeken Şakerim Kudayberdiulı ideal sahibi, düşünen bir şairdir. O şiirlerinde sadece mensubu olduğu millete değil tüm insanlığa faydalı olabilecek şeyleri bizzat kavramaya, kavrayabildiklerini de birinci elden okuru ile paylaşmaya çabalar. Onun şiirlerinde düşünme fiili çoğu zaman oluş hâlinde verilir. Yine bu şiirlerde bireyin ihtiyaç ve menfaatlerine karşılık gelen, geçici ve derinliksiz; toplumun faydasına hizmet eden, ahlak hâlini almış, derinlikli olmak üzere iki farklı düşünme fiiline dikkat çekilir. Şair okuyucularını, bu iki düşünme biçimi arasında ideal olduğuna inandığı şekilde bir düşünme yeteneği kazandırmak için uğraşır. Kazak coğrafyasında eğitim, millî birlik ve doğru din anlayışı konusunda yaşanan sıkıntılar sebebiyle ideal düşünme biçiminden uzaklaşıldığını düşünen Kudayberdiulı, geleceği kurtarmak için bu düşünce şeklinin yeniden kazanılması gerektiğine inanır. Çünkü ona göre adalet, doğruluk, özgürlük ve hak kavramlarının hem teorik hem de pratik olarak bireyin ve toplumun hayatında yerleşik hâle gelebilmesi bu düşünce biçiminin kazanılmasıyla mümkün olacaktır.

With increased interest in emotions and tourism, ‘savoring’, a process of attending to, enhancing, or prolonging positive emotions, should receive more scholarly attention. This article offers a co...

Prepared for the Victorian Department of Education and Training, this paper provides advice on a proposed conceptual framework for the Enhanced Maternal and Child Health service.

Un elevado porcentaje de las personas que han padecido COVID refieren, tras la recuperación de la fase aguda de la enfermedad, una serie de manifestaciones clínicas tanto subjetivas como objetivas que se prolongan más allá de 3 semanas e incluso de 3 meses del cuadro clínico original. No existe todavía una nomenclatura consensuada para referirse a este cuadro, pero quizá la más usada es la de síndrome post-COVID. El Comité Científico sobre COVID del Colegio de Médicos de Madrid ha discutido este problema con una aproximación multidisciplinar en la que han participado, internistas, infectólogos, psiquiatras, neumólogos, cirujanos, geriatras, pediatras, microbiólogos, médicos de familia y otros especialistas, tratando de acopiar la información existente y discutiéndola en el grupo. Las manifestaciones clínicas son muy variables y oscilan entre cuadros de simple cansancio y persistencia de lesiones pulmonares fibrosantes con alteraciones objetivas de la función pulmonar. El síndrome post-COVID parece particularmente frecuente y grave en aquellos adultos que han precisado ingreso en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos y tiene un comportamiento peculiar en un grupo muy reducido de niños. El síndrome post-COVID, de existencia indudable, no es, a primera vista, claramente diferenciable del que se produce tras otras enfermedades víricas agudas y tras estancias prolongadas en UCI por enfermedades de otra naturaleza. Por tanto, ofrece oportunidades excelentes de investigación para clarificar su patogenia y posiblemente la de otras entidades afines. Es posible que progresivamente se produzca una demanda asistencial incrementada entre los millones de personas que han sufrido y superado el COVID agudo para la cuál las autoridades sanitarias debieran diseñar mecanismos de gestión ágil de una asistencia que posiblemente requerirá de grupos multidisciplinares bien coordinados. Este documento, estructurado en preguntas sobre distintos aspectos del síndrome post-COVID, intenta poner en escena el estado actual de este problema. A high proportion of people who have suffered from COVID-19 report, after recovery from the acute phase of the disease, clinical manifestations, both subjective and objective, that continue beyond 3 weeks or even 3 months after the original clinical disease. There is still no agreed nomenclature to refer to this condition, but perhaps the most commonly used is post-COVID syndrome. The Scientific Committee on COVID of the Madrid College of Physicians (ICOMEM) has discussed this problem with a multidisciplinary approach in which internists, infectious disease specialists, psychiatrists, pneumologists, surgeons, geriatricians, pediatricians, microbiologists, family physicians and other specialists have participated, trying to gather the existing information and discussing it in the group. The clinical manifestations are very variable and range from simple fatigue to persistent fibrosing lung lesions with objective alterations of pulmonary function. Post-COVID syndrome seems to be particularly frequent and severe in adults who have required admission to Intensive Care Units and has a peculiar behavior in a very small group of children. The post-COVID syndrome, which undoubtedly exists, is at first sight not clearly distinguishable from clinical manifestations that which occur after other acute viral diseases and after prolonged stays in ICUs due to other diseases. Therefore, it offers excellent research opportunities to clarify its pathogenesis and possibly that of other related entities. It is possible that progressively there will be an increased demand for care among the millions of people who have suffered and overcome acute COVID for which the health authorities should design mechanisms for the agile management of care that will possibly require well-coordinated multidisciplinary groups. This paper, structured in questions on different aspects of the post-COVID syndrome, attempts to stage the current state of this problem. Sin financiación 2.515 JCR (2021) Q3, 206/279 Pharmacology & Pharmacy 0.440 SJR (2021) Q3, 1353/2489 Medicine (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2020 UEM

The application of single-cell mRNA sequencing technologies to plant embryos promises to reveal the gene expression dynamics underlying cell-type differentiation. A new paper in Development reports the generation of high-quality transcriptomes from single embryonic nuclei without contamination from maternal tissues. To find out more about the story, we caught up with first author Ping Kao and his supervisor Michael Nodine, who recently moved from the Gregor Mendel Institute in Vienna to become Assistant Professor in the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at Wageningen University in the Netherlands.

o El propósito de este estudio es describir el estado actual de la publicación de investigaciones y las tendencias en el aprendizaje invertido, que se encuentran en "Web of Science" durante el período 2014-2018. Hay 262 artículos investigados, publicados e indexados en "Web of Science" con la palabra clave: "aprendizaje invertido" y "aula invertida". Los resultados del estudio se analizan según la revista de publicación según estos criterios: autor, países, agencias de financiación, tipos de documentos, idiomas, organización, años de publicación y título de la fuente. El aprendizaje invertido cambia la clase tradicional dando la vuelta al aula en el sentido de escuchar las videoconferencias en casa y realizar actividades dinámicas en grupo en el aula. Esto involucra a los estudiantes en el aprendizaje activo, el pensamiento crítico y mejora las habilidades interpersonales.Se recomienda a los autores explorar la posibilidad de utilizar este método, experimentar y publicar los hallazgos que permitan crear mejores prácticas y un marco unificado para instructores líderes que deseen adoptar esta metodología de enseñanza. Palabras clave: aprendizaje invertido, aula invertida, análisis de contenido, The purpose of this study is to describe the current state of research publication and trends in flipped learning, found on ‘Web of Science’ during the period 2014–2018. There are 262 papers investigated, published and indexed on ‘Web of Science’ with the keyword: “flipped learning” and “flipped classroom”. The results of the study are analysed according to the journal of publication by these criteria: author, countries, funding agencies, document types, languages, organisation, publication years and source title. Flipped learning changes the traditional lecturing by flipping the classroom in the sense of listening to the video lectures at home and doing dynamic, group-based activities in the classroom. This engages the students in active learning, critical thinking, and meliorates interpersonal skills.It is recommended to authors to explore the possibility of utilising this method, experimenting and publish the findings which allows to create best practices and a unified framework for leading instructors who want to adopt this teaching methodology. Keywords: Flipped learning, flipped classroom, content analysis

The application of single-cell mRNA sequencing technologies to plant embryos promises to reveal the gene expression dynamics underlying cell-type differentiation. A new paper in Development reports the generation of high-quality transcriptomes from single embryonic nuclei without contamination from maternal tissues. To find out more about the story, we caught up with first author Ping Kao and his supervisor Michael Nodine, who recently moved from the Gregor Mendel Institute in Vienna to become Assistant Professor in the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at Wageningen University in the Netherlands.

Immunosensors are promising diagnostics for the next-generation healthcare systems and are evolving constantly with technological advancements. In recent days, immunosensors have found wide attention in the field of healthcare/clinical diagnostics due to their excellent capabilities of detecting various causative agents for diseases/disorders. Unlike the conventional immuno-technologies, immunosensors support ASSURED criteria for the diagnostics provided by the World Health Organization, and hence it has found wider commercial attention globally. In this chapter, we have summarized such immunosensors fabricated using paper substrates in comprehensive details and pictorial illustrations. First section of this chapter describes the conventional immuno-technologies used in biomedical/clinical applications and their associated limitations. In the next section, the chapter describes the transformations of clinical diagnostic technologies to the adoption of inexpensive paper-based solutions. Followed by this, the chapter also describes different types of paper-based immunosensors used for biomedical/clinical applications. Further, the recent trends and advancements have been summarized and concluded with detailed discussions in the next section.

As an important component of power transformer, transformer bushing cause thirty percent of transformer accidents. It is difficult to find defects in transformer bushing in advance because of the lack of on-site inspection methods. Frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy is widely used in the field of insulation evaluation of electrical equipment because of its frequency bandwidth and rich information. However, the frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy in the inspection of oil-paper insulated transformer bushing is affected by lacking substation test case and diagnostic criteria. In this paper, a dielectric response model of the transformer bushing is established to reveal the different defect types corresponding to the test curves in different frequency bands. In the low frequency band which is less than 0.0lHz, it is reflecting the water content of bushing. In the middle frequency band which is between 0.0lHz to 100Hz, it is reflecting the aging of bushing. Several cases of substation bushing defects detected by frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy have verified the above results. It is difficult to propose uniform fault diagnosis criteria for the frequency domain dielectric spectrum of transformer bushing which is affected by the structure and type. Based on a large number of substation case studies, a defect diagnosis criterion based on Frechet similarity method is proposed in this paper, which is universal for different structures and different types of bushing.

To assess the insulation condition of oil-paper bushing, an assessment method based on polarization and depolarization currents was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the polarization and depolarization current test principle and equipment were introduced and set up to measure the polarization and depolarization currents at pA level. In order to verify the field test effect, the polarization and depolarization currents tests for field bushings were conducted. Three oilpaper bushing with different insulation condition (new, natural aging and moisture containing) were chosen as the test object. The test results indicated that the polarization and depolarization currents showed different character of different bushing insulation conditions. The dielectric loss at low frequency was highly correlated with aging degree and the moisture containing. The DC conductivity was highly correlated with moisture containing but lowly correlated with aging degree.

This book identifies the 50 key scientific articles in the field of vascular and endovascular surgery. It provides a commentary to each carefully selected paper and explains why these papers are so important, thus providing every surgeon with the foundation stones of knowledge in this fast-moving area. There has been an exponential increase in the volume and quality of published research relating to vascular and endovascular surgery in recent decades. Among thousands of articles, a small fraction is truly "game changing." Such studies form the foundations of vascular surgery today and the selection of papers within this book provide the 50 landmark papers every 21st-century vascular and endovascular surgeon needs to know. A valuable reference not only to the established surgeon, but also to vascular surgery residents and trainees, as well as to more experienced surgeons as they continue to learn new techniques and approaches and to improve their knowledge of vascular disorders and treatments. The papers provide an evidence-based resource for those surgeons preparing for professional exams and may inspire clinicians to produce new research. About the Editors Juan Carlos Jimenez MD, MBA Professor of Surgery Gonda (Goldschmied) Vascular Center David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California Samuel Eric Wilson, MD Distinguished Professor of Surgery and Chair Emeritus University of California Irvine Irvine, California

The recent article by Rigby and Jones in Scientometrics (15-May-2020) again draws attention to basing PhD-theses on published works, in their case introducing the system into the Social Sciences and Humanities. In this short communication we endeavour to provide additional information that is essential for this debate.

Background The Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life-Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW) is a prevalent face-to-face interview method for measuring quality of life by integrating respondent-generated dimensions. To apply this method in clinical trials, a paper-administered alternative would be of interest. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze the agreement between the SEIQoL-DW and a paper questionnaire version (SEIQoL-PF/G). Methods In a crossover design, both measures were completed in a random sequence. 104 patients at a heart surgery hospital in Germany were randomly assigned to receive either the SEIQoL-DW or the SEIQoL-PF/G as the first measurement in the sequence. Patients were approached on their earliest stable day after surgery. The average time between both measurements was 1 day (mean 1.3; SD 0.8). Agreement regarding the indices, ratings, and weightings of nominated life areas (cues) was explored using Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement (LoA). Agreement of the SEIQoL indices was defined as acceptable if the LoA did not exceed a threshold of 10 scale points. Data from n = 99 patients were included in the agreement analysis. Results Both measures led to similarly nominated cues. The most frequently nominated cues were “physical health” and “family”. In the Bland-Altman plot, the indices showed a mean of differences of 2 points (95% CI, − 1 to 6). The upper LoA showed a difference of 36 points (95% CI, 30 to 42), and the lower LoA showed a difference of − 31 points (95% CI, − 37 to − 26). Thus, the LoAs and confidence intervals exceeded the predefined threshold. The Bland-Altman plots for the cue levels and cue weights showed similar results. The SEIQoL-PF/G version showed a tendency for equal weighting of cues, while the weighting procedure of the SEIQoL-DW led to greater variability. Conclusions For cardiac surgery patients, use of the current version of the SEIQoL-PF/G as a substitute for the SEIQoL-DW is not recommended. The current questionnaire weighting method seems to be unable to distinguish weighting for different cues. Therefore, the further design of a weighting method without interviewer support as a paper-administered measure of individual quality of life is desirable.

Background The ProFibro application (app) was developed as a Mobile Health resource to promote self-care in fibromyalgia management. Objective This study aimed to assess the effects of the use of the ProFibro app for six weeks compared to the use of a traditional paper book of similar content to improve health-related quality of life, symptoms, and self-care agency in individuals with fibromyalgia. Methods Forty individuals with fibromyalgia were included in this randomized, single-blind, parallel trial. One group received intervention content using the ProFibro app on a smartphone while the other received similar information using a paper book. Participants were assessed at baseline and after six weeks. The primary outcome was the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were Widespread Pain Index, Pain Visual Analog Scale, Symptom Severity Scale, and Appraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale – Revised. Results No differences in changes were found between groups at the end of the treatment for any outcome. Both groups showed improvements in symptom severity. Conclusions The use of the ProFibro app for six weeks was not more effective than the use of a traditional paper book with similar content for health-related quality of life, symptoms, or self-care agency in individuals with fibromyalgia. Both groups showed improvements from baseline on severity of symptoms, suggesting that the self-care program using a mobile app or a paper book may be beneficial for individuals with fibromyalgia.

German Abstract: Das Max-Planck-Institut fur Innovation und Wettbewerb nimmt hiermit zum Diskussionsentwurf eines Zweiten Gesetzes zur Vereinfachung und Modernisierung des Patentrechts Stellung, der vom Bundesministerium der Justiz und fur Verbraucherschutz im Januar 2020 vorgelegt wurde. Das Institut begrust die Initiative des Ministeriums, empfiehlt im Hinblick auf die Beschrankung des patentrechtlichen Unterlassungsanspruchs und die Starkung des Schutzes von Geschaftsgeheimnissen in Patentstreitsachen jedoch gewisse Prazisierungen. Mit Blick auf die Beschrankung des Unterlassungsanspruchs nach Masgabe des Grundsatzes der Verhaltnismasigkeit wird vorgeschlagen, die Verhaltnismasigkeitsprufung nicht auf einen Anwendungsfall der Gebote von Treu und Glauben zu reduzieren, sondern im Sinne der ratio legis des Patentrechts zu verstehen; insoweit als Masnahme zur Verhinderung dysfunktionaler Effekte des Ausschlieslichkeitsrecht bzw. des damit verbundenen Unterlassungsanspruchs. Zur Veranschaulichung des Ansatzes wird auf die Fallgruppen der komplexen Produkte, der Patentverwerter und der standardessenziellen Patente Bezug genommen, ohne sie jedoch im Detail durchzuprufen. Mit Blick auf die im Rahmen der Verhaltnismasigkeitsprufung vorzunehmende Interessenabwagung wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die Interessen des Patentinhabers gegenuber jenen des Verletzers keinen grundsatzlichen Vorrang geniesen. Daruber hinaus sind bei der Abwagung nicht nur die Interessen der Streitparteien, sondern auch jene Dritter, insbesondere das offentliche Interesse, zu berucksichtigen. Mit Blick auf den Schutz von Geschaftsgeheimnissen in Patentstreitsachen verweist die Stellungnahme auf Unzulanglichkeiten des Verfahrens in Geschaftsgeheimnisstreitsachen, die durch die angedachte Anwendung der entsprechenden Vorschriften auf das Patentstreitverfahren ubertragen werden. Hingewiesen wird auch auf eine mogliche Regelungslucke in Bezug auf das “Dusseldorfer Verfahren”, die von Patentinhabern fur sog. “fishing expeditions” ausgenutzt werden konnte. English Abstract: This position paper of the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition provides comments on the amendments proposed by the German Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection in its discussion draft of January 2020 on the modernization and simplification of the German Patent Act. While the Institute generally welcomes the initiative, the paper offers some suggestions aimed at increasing precision in the areas of first, the concept and the implementation of the proportionality test for granting injunctive relief, and, second, the need for enhanced protection of trade secrets in patent disputes. With regard to the proportionality assessment, the Institute suggests that, rather than reducing it to an application of the principle of good faith, the concept of proportionality should be interpreted and applied in light of the ratio legis of patent protection with a view to preventing dysfunctional effects potentially resulting from the exercise of the exclusive right and the associated claim to an injunction. Scenarios involving complex products, non-practicing entities and standard-essential patents are used to illustrate the approach. As regards the weighing and balancing of interests when assessing proportionality, the position paper argues that it is neither desirable nor appropriate to prioritize the interests of the patentee over those of the infringer as a matter of principle. In addition, it is not only the interests of parties to the dispute, but also those of third parties, in particular the public interest, that should be taken into account. With regard to the protection of trade secrets in patent disputes, the position paper refers to certain procedural insufficiencies of the Trade Secrets Act to adequately protect the defendant’s secrecy interests. It also points out a potential loophole in relation to the ‘Dusseldorf proceedings’ that may facilitate ‘fishing expeditions’. Note: Downloadable document is in German.

Up to 40% of patients with symptoms suspicious of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) do not respond completely to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. The term “refractory GERD” has been used loosely in the literature. A distinction should be made between refractory symptoms (ie, symptoms may or may not be GERD-related), refractory GERD symptoms (ie, persisting symptoms in patients with proven GERD, regardless of relationship to ongoing reflux), and refractory GERD (ie, objective evidence of GERD despite adequate medical management). The present ESNM/ANMS consensus paper proposes use the term “refractory GERD symptoms” only in patients with persisting symptoms and previously proven GERD by either endoscopy or esophageal pH monitoring. Even in this context, symptoms may or may not be reflux related. Objective evaluation, including endoscopy and esophageal physiologic testing, is requisite to provide insights into mechanisms of symptom generation and evidence of true refractory GERD. Some patients may have true ongoing refractory acid or weakly acidic reflux despite PPIs, while others have no evidence of ongoing reflux, and yet others have functional esophageal disorders (overlapping with proven GERD confirmed off therapy). In this context, attention should also be paid to supragastric belching and rumination syndrome, which may be important contributors to refractory symptoms.

Aim To describe and discuss clinical strategies for nurses working in partnership with substitute decision-makers for people living with advanced dementia. Background By providing person-centred care to patients living with advanced dementia, nurses are positioned to work in partnership with substitute decision-makers who make healthcare decisions related to advanced care. Because the experience of being substitute decision-makers is complex and stressful, nurses need skillsets for working in partnership with substitute decision-makers. Design In this discursive paper, an innovative framework for working in partnership with substitute decision-makers is proposed. Method Evidence-based findings from a systematic review provided five domain foci for the partnership framework. In each domain, two clinical strategies were discursively proposed. Clinical strategies were hypothesised from research findings and insights from the authors' nursing experiences. Then, topical literature was searched, and findings were used to support the discursively argued strategies. Discussion To deal with complexities and reduce stress for substitute decision-makers, an innovative Nurse-Substitute Decision-Maker Partnership Framework for use in the context of advanced dementia is proposed and discussed. The partnership framework consists of five domains: Building trust, Exploring emotions, Translating quality of life, Encouraging proactivity and Negotiating families. Within these domains, ten strategies to support the practices of clinical nurses to work in partnership with substitute decision-makers are discussed. Relevance to clinical practice In the framework, the ten clinical nursing strategies are designed to provide targeted care to substitute decision-makers in areas that are known to cause complexity and stress to them. The Nurse-Substitute Decision-Maker Partnership Framework has been designed to improve nurse-substitute decision-maker partnerships and reduce the stress experienced by substitute decision-makers as they work through the complexities associated with advanced dementia.

A medical researcher who took a political appointment with the Trump administration while working on a major international meta-analysis of potential covid-19 treatments leaked a preprint version of the research to senior government colleagues last year, documents released in a congressional investigation show.1 Paul Alexander, a former assistant professor at McMaster University in Canada who specialises in health research methods, wrote in an email to Stephen Hahn, commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), that the research lent support to a role for hydroxychloroquine. The FDA authorised the antimalarial on an emergency basis last April under pressure from Trump, but revoked this in June, citing the drug’s “known risks” and stating that it was “no longer reasonable to …

Introduction: The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Iranian scientific outputs on common cancers published in PubMed database during 2011-2015. Methods: In this applied, descriptive-analytical study, a scientometrics analysis was used. The study was conducted on all research papers which were written by Iranian scholars on stomach, colon, breast, prostate, and lung cancers and were indexed in PubMed database during 2011-2015. Data were extracted using Altmetrics Bookmarklet tool and analyzed by excel software. Results: According to the findings, the number of articles published by Iranian scholars on stomach, colon, breast, prostate, and lung cancers in 2011 was 25, 40, 88, 20 and 15, respectively. The number of articles on the same subjects in 2015 was 52, 93,256,44, and 32, in that order; however, a small percentage of the research papers were assigned a digital object identifier or had altmetrics scores. Mendeley had the highest proportion among other social networks to represent Iranian scholars’ outputs. Conclusion: Although the rate of scientific publications of Iranian scholars on common cancers has totally increased, they were heterogeneous in terms of quality and Altmetrics score. Therefore, it is recommended that the researchers select journals that assign a digital object identifier to their articles and publish their scientific papers in social media as well.

The paper entitled "The M-phase regulatory phosphatase PP2A-B55δ opposes protein kinase A on Arpp19 to initiate meiotic division", authored by Lemonnier, T.,Maria Daldello, E., Poulhe, E.,Tran Le, T., Miot, M.,Jessus, C. and Dupré, A., and published in the Journal BioRxiv [bioRxiv (2019) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/810549] purported to show that the protein phosphatase that dephosphorylated serine 109 of Arpp19 phosphorylated by PKA was PP2A-B55δ and that the dephosphorylation reaction was responsible for progesterone induced resumption of meiosis in Xenopus oocytes arrested at prophase. It is demonstrated that the authors of the paper provided no verifiable scientific results to support their pronouncements. The statements of the authors are misleading at best and dishonest at worse.

Out of East Asian languages which do not use the Latin alphabet, Japanese is a very complicated writing system that uses “kanji,” which are ideograms, and “kana,” which are phonetic characters. Most of the Japanese papers published so far using Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS) are science, technology, and medicine fields adapting horizontal writing systems, which are structurally consistent with English papers. Most of them only replace Latin letters with Japanese characters. In this presentation, we suggested method of presenting vertically oriented Japanese humanities articles in JATS XML. For vertical description of Chinese numeric, we would like to propose the introduction of an element which specifies description direction. Alternatively, could be used as a hidden command when creating a document. We propose the following notation in the part of the number that can be converted: 六五. Chinese numeric 六五 is a Arabic numeric 65. With this, it is shown that 六五 of Chinese numerals can be converted to 65 in Arabic numerals. For vertical text description with JATS, we would like to suggest adding @ writing-mode as an attribute to :. Furthermore, note and references should be differentiated for example, between a and a in the future. As Kanji are ideograms, there are variations that cannot be expressed with UTF-8. If these difficult Kanji are included in the JATS text, it will be necessary to decide on their description method. For the propagation of use of JATS XML for non-Latin characters articles, the structure of the document for example, vertical description, and special presentation should be considered more widely.

Background Advance care planning (ACP) aids can help prepare patients, family members, and physicians for in-the-moment medical decision-making. We wished to describe the content and approach of paper-based ACP aids in order to characterize existing aids and inform the development of a new ACP aid. Methods Paper-based ACP aids were identified through an environmental scan and screened for eligibility. ACP conceptual frameworks and data were gathered via stakeholder engagement and used to inform the coding framework that two investigators used to independently code each aid. A directed content analysis was conducted on these eligible aids. Aids were categorized through a deliberative process with an investigator abstracting general information for each aid. Results Fifteen aids met the eligibility criteria. They ranged in length from 6 to 78 pages with the average aid written at an eighth-grade reading level. The content analysis revealed that many aids encouraged choosing a surrogate decision maker and informed users about legal medical documents. Fewer than half of the aids facilitated patient clarification of values regarding quality of life issues. The authors identified and termed the following three categories of aids: informative; semi-action oriented; and action-oriented. It was often unclear whether patients contributed to the development or testing of the ACP aids reviewed. Conclusions Most existing paper-based ACP aids address legal matters such as completing an advance directive. Only a minority elicited patient values and it was unclear whether any were developed in partnership with patients. Future development of ACP aids should account for patient preferences with a goal of supporting in-the-moment medical decision-making.