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This study examines the influence of demographic changes on India's economic growth from 1999 to 2019, emphasizing the impact of the rising working-age population on state domestic product per capita and sectoral value-added. While the overall influence of the working-age population ratio and core working-age proportions on per capita economic growth is limited, a higher proportion of high-skilled workers and urban residents positively affects per capita output. Furthermore, our analysis highlights sector-specific effects, with particular significance observed in the industry sector, where the influence of the working-age population is most pronounced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Few empirical studies examined the relationship between life expectancy and income in India. This study aims to examine the impact of life expectancy on economic growth in India by incorporating all the major states of India. Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on secondary data and includes 16 major states of India covering the periods 2000–2014. The author used panel fixed effect model (FEM) to examine the impact of life expectancy on economic growth. Findings: Empirical analysis revealed a positive trend in life expectancy in India. In association with life expectancy, the author found continuous growth in the elderly population. The result of the FEM shows that gains in life expectancy positively affect economic growth in India. The empirical findings do not support any negative impact of life expectancy gains on economic growth. Originality/value: This study is the outcome of the independent and original research work of the authors and contributes significantly to the literature on the demography–economic relationship. The findings of this study help the author to understand that life expectancy gain is in no way a constraint, rather the skill and experience of the workforce are crucial to determining economic growth. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-06-2022-0422. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use district-level data from India to study the implications of two historical institutions, direct British rule and the heterogeneous land tenure institutions implemented by the British, on the disparity in present-day development in India. Using night-lights per capita as a proxy for district-level per capita income, we find that modern districts that were historically under direct British rule had significantly fewer night-lights per capita in 1993 relative to modern districts that were historically under indirect British rule. The large gap persists even after including correlates of development such as educational attainment, health, and physical and financial infrastructure. Looking at the growth pattern from 1993 to 2013, directly ruled districts had a lower annual growth rate compared with that of indirectly ruled districts. Much of the development gap between areas under indirect rule and areas under direct rule can be accounted for by the adverse effect of landlord-based revenue-collection systems in the directly ruled areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon mitigation and net-zero targets have an important place on the political agenda for all countries. Countries have been seeking to decouple economic growth and carbon emissions to achieve decarbonization. However, there is a cost of the decarbonization of economies, which can be called as Green Sacrifice Ratio (GSR), and this is critical for developing countries because they have been in the growing stage. By considering the critical role of GSR in achieving net-zero emissions by decarbonizing economies, the study comparatively examines how much environmental quality should be sacrificed for per capita economic growth in China and India. In line with this purpose, the study uses the Fourier-Shin cointegration test and various time series estimators with Fourier approximations for the period from 1989/Q1 to 2022/Q4. Estimation results are as follows: (i) all variables follow the non-stationary process, (ii) the long-run relationship exists between variables, and (iii) Estimation results show that GSR is 0.65% for China and 0.78% for India. Therefore, China and India sacrifice a significant amount of environmental quality for a 1% increase in per capita income level. Also, the ecological cost of increasing economic welfare in India is higher with regard to China. Besides, the results are robust according to the alternative method. Thus, the study recommends that both Chinese and Indian policymakers should revise the economic expansion structure with green growth strategies to prevent irreversible environmental degradation due to higher economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a phenomenal global increase in the proportion of women in politics in the last two decades, but there is no evidence of how this has influenced economic performance. We investigate this using data on competitive elections to India's state assemblies, leveraging close elections to isolate causal effects. We find significantly higher growth in economic activity in constituencies that elect women and no evidence of negative spillovers to neighbouring male-led constituencies, consistent with net growth. Probing mechanisms, we find evidence consistent with women legislators being more efficacious, less corrupt and less vulnerable to political opportunism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the lack of finance, many developing nations are struggling for investment in several areas to generate an opportunity for sustainable livelihood, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) emerged as an engine of economic growth, especially in developing nations. It helps to strengthen the economy by mainly promoting capital inflow and technical improvement into the recipient economies. However, some literatures found economic growth, responsible for the inflow of FDI. Therefore, this paper attempts to examine the causal relationship between FDI and Economic Growth in India. By running the Granger causality test in VECM settings, this study found, GDP causes inflow of FDI in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research project investigates the correlation between economic growth, government spending, and public revenue in seventeen Indian states spanning the years 1990 to 2020. An analysis of the relationship between key fiscal policy variables and economic growth was conducted utilising a panel data approach, the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM), and fully modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS & DOLS) estimation. In our investigation, we assessed the impacts of non-tax revenue, development plan expenditure, tax revenue, and development non-plan expenditure on (i) the net state domestic product (NSDP) and (ii) the NSDP per capita. The findings indicate that the selected fiscal variables are significantly related. The results indicate that expeditious expansion of the fiscal sector is obligatory to stimulate economic growth in India and advance the actual development of the economies of these states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Human capital is a portfolio of rich skills that the labour possesses. Human capital has attracted significant attention from scholars. Nevertheless, empirical findings on the utility of human capital have often been divided. To address the research gap in the literature, the authors attempt to understand how human capital plays a significant role in financial development and economic growth nexus. Design/methodology/approach: The authors rely on secondary data published by the World Bank. The authors use econometric tools such as the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model and related statistical tests to study the relationship between human capital, India's financial growth and gross domestic product (GDP) growth. Findings: Study findings suggest that human capital and financial development contribute significantly to economic growth. Further, the authors found that human capital has a positive and significant moderating effect on the path of joining financial development and economic growth. Practical implications: The study contributes to the human capital debate. Despite the rich body of literature, the study based on World Bank data confirms the previous findings that investment in human capital is always useful for the financial and economic growth of the nation. Originality/value: This paper reveals some unique findings regarding effect of financial development and economic growth nexus which opens the window of new dimension to think about their nexus. It also provides a different pathway to foster the economic growth by using human capital and financial development as together, especially in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the complex interplay between economic development and environmental sustainability in the context of India's pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It examines the inherent contradictions and trade-offs involved, particularly in agriculture, industrialisation, and infrastructure sectors. The paper highlights how economic growth, essential for improving living standards, often conflicts with environmental objectives. The paper underscores the importance of integrating economic, environmental, and social objectives to achieve a sustainable and inclusive future for India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The life insurance sector occupies a prime position in service sector in India. This paper investigates the causal relationship between life insurance sector and service sector on the one hand and between life insurance and GDP in India on the other. Economic growth (annual GDP) is taken as the dependent variable, while life insurance (total annual life insurance premium) and total annual service sector contribution are taken as the independent variables. MS Excel and Eviews are used to analyze the dataset. Time series econometrics models like unit root test, cointegration (bound) test, ARDL model, ECM, and Granger causality test are applied in the study. The results reveal that there is a positive long-run relationship between life insurance sector and service sector. But no relationship is found between life insurance and GDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examines the possibility of asymmetric impact of inflation on the financial development (FD) in the case of Indian economy from 1980 to 2020. Moreover, the finance–growth hypothesis is also tested. Design/methodology/approach: The authors incorporated the "Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag" (NARDL) model due to Shin et al. (2014) to investigate the asymmetric impact of inflation on financial development. Asymmetric cumulative dynamic multipliers are also used to track the traverse of any short-run distortion towards the long-run cointegration. Findings: The results revealed that inflation impacts the financial development negatively whereas the economic growth (EG) and trade openness have a positive effect. However, the effect of inflation on financial development is not symmetric. Moreover, the findings support the demand-led growth hypothesis. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study examining the asymmetric effects of inflation on financial development in the Indian context. In addition, instead of using a single proxy to measure financial development, an index for financial development encompassing different aspects of the financial system has been incorporated. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-02-2023-0094 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• During 1993–2018, market services grew at a faster rate than non-market services. • Applying Domar weights we observed that transport and storage was the highest contributor among market services industries, while public administration has made relatively higher contribution to aggregate non-market services TFP growth. • TFP growth in manufacturing has a significant positive effect on TFP growth of both market services and non-market services. • Market services TFP growth is positively impacted by a spillover effect of TFP growth in India's trade partners. The services have been the driver of India's overall growth since the onset of economic reforms in the 1990s. The value-added share of services increased from 41 percent in 1990 to 53 percent in 2018. On average, the sector grew at 7.5 percent annually during 1993–2018, contributing to about half of the aggregate economic growth. Using the India KLEMS data, we examine the trends in total factor productivity (TFP) in individual industries within services and their contribution to aggregate TFP growth in the sector during 1993–2018. We find that transport and storage was the highest contributor among various market services industries followed by financial services, while public administration made a relatively high contribution to aggregate non-market services TFP growth. Moreover, we investigate the factors driving TFP growth in the services sector, particularly the role of manufacturing TFP – looking into spillover effect from manufacturing to market services and non-market services. Our results suggest that TFP growth in manufacturing had a significant positive impact on TFP growth in the services sector. Also, we find evidence of significant productivity spillover effect to India's services sector from other countries, particularly the developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient tax system is vital for the sustainable growth of the nation. In India, indirect taxes constitute major portion of the tax revenues for balancing government budgets. During last few decades Value Added Tax has been seen as a leading income generating source. After prolonged discussions India adopted a comprehensive Goods and Services Tax, which aimed at the removal of cascading effect of taxes through seamless availing of input tax credit. The present paper is an attempt to find empirical evidence on the relationship between Goods and Services Tax revenue growth and economic growth proxy by GDP. The ordinary least square regression technique found that GST revenue growth has a significant and positive impact on economic growth in India during the period Q2:2017 to Q1:2021. The result shows that one per cent GST revenue growth causes 0.56 per cent economic growth. The result of correlation analysis also confirms the association between GST revenue performance and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial inclusion has emerged as a key factor in economic growth and the fight against poverty on a global scale. In order to understand the current state of financial inclusion in India, this research paper examines both the accomplishments to date and the ongoing difficulties. Although India has made tremendous progress in improving its citizens' financial access, there are still enormous obstacles to be addressed before complete financial inclusion can be achieved. The study looks at the major programmes, policy measures, and technology advancements that have impacted India's financial inclusion landscape. In order to bridge the existing gaps and further promote financial inclusion, it also addresses the remaining impediments and offers suggestions for policymakers, financial institutions, and other stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the linkages of various financial inclusion parameters on economic growth for an emerging economy viz., India to review the policy measures implemented in this sphere. In this context, in addition to standard measures of financial inclusion, this study incorporates auxiliary indicators also like mobile and card statistics, usage of electronic channels, pension and insurance subscribers to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth in the Indian economy. Bayesian vector autoregression is applied that is established to provide robust results even in small sample sizes and examines the role played by individual measures of financial inclusion separately on overall growth. It is evidenced that factors like branch network, electronic remittance services, and insurance schemes display a significant role in affecting economic growth in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing interest in the Management of Eco-Friendly Supply Chains warrants this study. Green supply chain management (GSCM) is an approach to supply chain management (SCM) that takes into account environmental factors. Therefore, GSCM is vital in shaping the cumulative environmental effect of businesses engaged in supply chain operations. In addition, GSCM may help improve the effectiveness of sustainability initiatives. Manufacturing companies, particularly in developing nations like India, are trying to adjust essential procedures and supply chains because of the rising need to be ecologically sustainable. However, such efforts must be deployed strategically to be ecologically sustainable and economically successful. As a result, this study focuses on the relationship between green supply chain management and education that affect environmental sustainability and economic performance. As a further step toward more sustainable development, the mediating function of education is sustainable economic growth and environmental health. The data was collected by distributing a well-crafted questionnaire to manufacturing facilities in India. We employed PLS-SEM to analyze and interpret the data test hypotheses based on data from 415 replies. The findings point to cost and profit as the primary metrics of corporate success. Disposal of trash, usage of resources, and release of greenhouse gases are alternative measures of environmental sustainability. Distributed online links and in-person interviews with employees at companies throughout India who use GSCM procedures provided the basis for the study's primary data set. The data was gathered with the use of an organized survey form. The findings of tests conducted on the hypotheses were considered. According to this research, cost, profit, waste, resource, and GHG emission impacts vary depending on which GSCM techniques are implemented. Green supply chain management strategies significantly affect price, trash disposal, resource utilization, and GHG emissions. There was no discernible trend between GSCM methods and financial success. In addition to discussing the unique elements of sustainable supply chains and the limits of current research, this article also discusses how a company's bottom line will benefit monetarily from establishing a sustainable supply chain. This should inspire more study in this area. Our investigation revealed patterns and voids, and we used that information to outline a thorough plan for future GSCM studies. The research helps manufacturing company management improve their sustainable policies while providing policymakers with pointers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outcome of economic growth is visualised as the well-being of citizens or human well-being (HWB). However, it has been a great challenge to measure HWB. Though there are known reasons for considering GDP and its growth as a measure of overall development and progress of nations, yet mostly it is being used as a gospel indicator to compare nations and design appropriate policies. This paper is an effort to develop a comprehensive adjusted GDP to measure HWB through secondary data for thirty years (1990–91 to 2019–20) in India. We make thirty-five adjustments to net national income (NNI) to compute the adjusted national income (ANI) index based on the system analysis approach. The empirical findings show that the gap between NNI and ANI has been growing over time, and the ANI index shows an increasing trend. Through the analysis it is suggested that economic growth should be focused only if it improves HWB (full or partial). The paper attempts to make intervention into policy shift for improving HWB vis-à-vis happiness of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the impact of remittance inflows on sustained economic growth in India. Design/methodology/approach: This study has taken a time series dataset for the period of 1976–2021, and a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model technique (NARDL) has been applied to check the impact of remittance inflows along with other control variables, including broad money and service sector performance, on the sustained economic growth of India. Findings: The results of the study indicated that in both the short and long runs, any positive shock in remittance inflows has a positive impact on the economic growth of India, while negative shocks do not affect economic growth. Practical implications: The economic policymakers of India can use the findings of the study by implementing remittance-friendly policies. Moreover, NITI Aayog, the body working toward achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in India, can also use this study as a reference while making strategies to achieve SDG. Originality/value: Economic growth has always been an area of interest among economists, researchers and policymakers. However, achieving sustained economic growth requires an analysis of those factors that themselves have sustained performance over a long period of time and have the potential to sustain it over the upcoming years. This study has taken remittance inflows as one such factor and investigated its impact on the sustained economic growth of India. At present, there is an evident gap in the literature that very little attention has been given to sustained Indian economic growth. Moreover, there is no study available in which the nonlinear impact of different variables has been tested on the economic growth of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India, with its rapidly growing economy, has an increasing demand for energy consumption. This study thus adds to the energy-economic growth literature by exploring the effect of renewable (hydro and nuclear) and non-renewable (coal and oil) energy consumption by different sources on the economic growth of India, spanning from 1985 to 2021. The ARDL estimator is used to assess the short- and long-run growth effectiveness of the explanatory variables, while the variance decomposition analysis (VDA) is employed to examine the degree to which one variable can explain the change in variance of another variable. Among the renewable energy sources, hydro-energy consumption is found to be impeding economic growth, while nuclear energy is found to be inducing India's economic growth in the long run. Furthermore, among the non-renewable energy sources, oil consumption is found to be impeding the economic growth, while coal consumption is observed to be augmenting India's economic growth in the long run significantly. The findings reveal that non-renewable energy use plays a crucial role in the economic growth of India; thus, from a policy standpoint, this study recommends the government to invest more in the advancement of the renewable energy sector in order to balance the energy mix and achieve sustainable economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subcontracting relations have often been considered a key channel to facilitate growth in traditional informal enterprises and enable them to transition into larger, modern enterprises. Such relations are expected to strengthen with economic growth. Using nationally representative survey data for the Indian informal manufacturing sector, this article examines the nature and patterns of subcontracting linkages for informal family‐based household enterprises over the high‐growth period of 2001–2016. The article estimates the net accumulation fund (NAF) for these enterprises, which measures their ability to accumulate, and studies the transition possibilities of subcontracted enterprises over time. Results show that the NAFs of subcontracted enterprises remained much lower than those of non‐subcontracted ones, with the disparity growing over the growth period. A vast majority of subcontracted household enterprises are embedded in relations that are akin to a traditional putting‐out system, with little control over their production processes. Female‐owned enterprises and those located within the household are more likely to be in such put‐out relations. Average NAF for put‐out household enterprises has been lower than for relatively autonomous subcontracted and non‐subcontracted firms, although over time the gap in NAF between put‐out and non‐put‐out firms, and thus their differential ability to transition, has narrowed. The prevailing nature of subcontracting relations in India's informal economy, even during the peak growth period, appears to be starkly different from the dynamic linkages that are celebrated in the literature as a channel for facilitating growth and transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Understanding the long‐term effects of population and GDP changes requires a multisectoral and regional understanding of the coupled human‐Earth system, as the long‐term evolution of this coupled system is influenced by human decisions and the Earth system. This study investigates the impact of compounding economic and population growth uncertainties on long‐term multisectoral outcomes. We use the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) to explore the influence of compounding and feedback between future GDP and population growth on four key sectors: final energy consumption, water withdrawal, staple food prices, and CO2 emissions. The results show that uncertainties in GDP and population compound, resulting in a magnification of tail risks for outcomes across sectors and regions. Compounding uncertainties significantly impact metrics such as CO2 emissions and final energy consumption, particularly at the upper tail at both global and regional levels. However, the impact of staple food prices and water withdrawal depends on regional factors. Additionally, an alternative low‐carbon transition scenario could compound uncertainties and increase tail risk, particularly in staple food prices, highlighting the influence of emergent constraints on land availability and food‐energy competition for land use. The findings underscore the importance of considering and adequately accounting for compounding uncertainties in key drivers of multisectoral systems to enhance our comprehensive understanding of the complex nature of multisectoral systems. The paper provides valuable insights into the potential implications of compounding uncertainties. Plain Language Summary: Understanding how future population and economic growth changes could impact our energy, water, food, and environment requires looking across multiple sectors and regions. This is because these systems are all connected. For example, increasing population drives higher food demand but requires more energy and water to grow food. At the same time, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from energy through increased biofuel consumption can compete with food production for land resources. This study explored how uncertainties in future population and GDP growth could compound and interact to affect future energy use, water withdrawal, staple food prices, and carbon dioxide emissions. Using a model that connects all these systems, the study found that combined uncertainties in population and GDP lead to more significant risks of extreme outcomes than individually looking at those uncertainties. There are substantial regional differences in future outcomes, like higher uncertainty in food prices for India and West Africa compared to other regions. We highlight the need to consider multisector and multisystem interactions between uncertainties across different regions. Accounting for these compounding uncertainties provides valuable insights into potential risks, like higher extreme projections for food prices or water use. These insights are essential for long‐term planning in our connected human‐Earth system. Key Points: Long‐term implications of population and GDP changes on the coupled human‐Earth system focusing on multisectoral and regional understandingUncertainties in GDP and population growth can compound, resulting in more extreme outcomes for multisectoral systemsCompounding uncertainties differ by region and metrics; staple food prices and water withdrawal show significant regional variability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The link between FDIs and economic growth has been analysed in order to examine the performance of FDIs in the Indian economy. FDI Equity Inflows and GDP are used as proxy for India's foreign direct investment and economic development. In order to examine the connection between FDI and GDP between 1991-92 and 2016-17, is both short-term and long-term. In other words, the main prerequisite for sustainable economic development in the Indian economy is foreign direct investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines digitization and its effect on various sectors of the Indian economy. India's digital transformation has been remarkable in recent years, with the rapid adoption of smartphones, increased internet connectivity, and the government's push towards a digital economy. It has opened tremendous opportunities for economic growth across various sectors of the economy. The fast-paced digitization has significantly impacted the country's economic growth, with tremendous opportunities for continued growth in the digital economy. India has witnessed a remarkable increase in internet penetration, primarily driven by affordable smartphones and data plans. The number of internet users in India surpassed 600 million by the end of 2020, and this number is expected to continue to grow rapidly. With the government's continued focus on digital transformation and investments in digital technologies, India is well-positioned to continue to drive economic growth. Digital technologies such as data pooling, artificial intelligence, and others are now widely used to track and diagnose issues in agriculture; health; environment; logistics; jobs; skills market; e-governance; performing daily tasks such as navigating traffic, paying bills; and financial transactions, among others. The study employs secondary data extracted from various literature sources to analyze the impact of digitization on India's economic growth. It also involves a systematic review of the literature on the digital economy and economic reforms issues to address the objective. The research is particularly important for researchers and policymakers and offers opportunities for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significant increase in robust waste management can be attributed to economic expansion, population growth, and shifts in waste disposal practices. This phenomenon can be attributed to the rapid urbanisation and increasing affluence of individuals, which directly impacts societal dynamics and national progress. Solid Waste is considered as an inevitable derivative of human activities. Economic improvement, urbanization, and improved residing standards in cities beautify the quantity and complexity of stable waste. The rapid increase of populace coupled with urbanization has positioned brilliant strain on Nagpur Municipal Corporation to fulfil the growing demands of its citizens The main objectives of sustainable waste management prioritize safeguarding both human health and the environment while conserving valuable resources. This study aims to engage the community actively in efficient solid waste management practices, fostering cooperation and participation. Ultimately, the goal is to ensure environmental sustainability through a thorough investigation and analysis of waste management practices within the city. This involves focusing on appropriate technologies tailored for waste processing. Thus researcher intends to know how garbage, can be used as a valuable resource the new methods of disposal will lead to a sustainable environment for future generations by this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the interactions between CO2 emissions, economic growth and energy consumption in India for 1970– 2017 within the time–frequency domain using wavelet techniques. The results show that the interaction between energy consumption and CO2 emissions is strong and varies significantly across time– frequency bands, indicating that the energy consumption leads to environmental degradation. The negative effect of economic growth on CO2 emissions is only statistically significant in the short run. In addition, the findings reveal a positive association between economic growth and energy consumption across time– frequency bands, demonstrating energy consumption increases economic growth, which in turn heightens the CO2 emissions. There should be improved energy use and reduced CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To become the fastest-growing large economy in the world, India has set a target growth rate of 9%, reaching an economy of $5 trillion by 2024-25. It is an immense challenge to meet the growth target and keep the CO2 emissions under control. The present paper aims to discover the determinants for explaining CO2 emissions in India by conducting a complete decomposition analysis, where the residuals are fully distributed to the determinants for the country from 1990-2018. The analysis reveals that the biggest contributor to the rise in CO2 emissions in India is the expansion of the economy (scale effect). The intensity of CO2 and the change in the composition of the economy, which nearly move in tandem, also contribute to the rise in CO2 emissions, although more slowly. A declining energy intensity of the Indian economy is responsible for a considerable reduction in CO2 emissions. As a typical result for an upcoming economy, this paper did not find evidence for an environmental Kuznets curve. This implies that continued economic growth will lead to increased CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1991 India embarked on far-reaching economic, financial and regulatory reforms, which led to not only a surge in economic growth, but also spurred scholarly interest in Indian firms, their strategies, and their business environment. As it has been almost three decades since the reforms were initiated, we believe that it is an appropriate time to take stock of the research on strategic management in the Indian setting. Our scoping review finds three dominant themes in extant research: impact of environment (specifically liberalization) on firms, strategies of firms, and the different ownership structures of firms. We discuss the key findings within these domains and identify the theories and methods that scholars have used to address their research questions. We assert that the unique Indian context — a mix of public and private economy operating within a democratic system — provides a rich environment for not only testing existing theories in strategic management but also generating new theories. We conclude by identifying several important areas of research and urging strategy scholars to engage with the opportunities offered by the evolving Indian business environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India and China are home to the world's 2.8 billion people. Ancient nations but young republics, India and China have been through their good and bad times. There are numerous studies suggesting that the urban population, rate of growth, and population percentage residing in agglomerations all have a statistically notable and constructive effect on Human Development Index (HDI). Industrialization has historically encouraged urbanization by fostering economic expansion and job opportunities that entice people to relocate to cities. This article exclusively focuses on strategic planning regarding how to build and improve supply chain networks. It also looks at how factories built in a location increase demand for manufacturing and managerial workers personnel, resulting in a population inflow. Following the factories, other businesses such as construction makers, retailers, and service providers follow to meet the workers' product demands. As a result, more jobs and housing demand are created, forming a city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, science, technology and innovation are gaining prominence. Research and development (R&D) is India’s main driving force for sustainable economic growth. The ‘Make in India’ (MII) initiative by the Government of India (GoI) motivates the Indian manufacturing sector with aim to make India a global centre for manufacturing via foreign investors. In this regard, India became a hub for foreign investors with a 76% rise in the foreign direct investment (FDI) equity inflow of the manufacturing sector from financial year (FY) 2020–21 (USD 12.09 billion) to FY 2021–22. One of the key objectives of MII is job creation and skill enhancement in the country. In this context, the Department of Science and Technology, GoI, continuously contributes to improving the science and technology infrastructure through several funding programmes. This note provides a brief overview of the achievements of MII and its scope in scientific R&D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population in South Asia is increasing ever than a faster rate, subsequently; food security, climate change, and capital intensive agro farming techniques are the prevailing challenges in this region. This is a tri-country penal analysis, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, and the study covers the data throughout (1973–2020). This study has used modern farm input data besides demographic variables in the study. In this study, we use panel data set, ARDL (PMG) approach, autoregressive distributed lag model pooled mean group, which is an extensively dynamic modeling technique for heterogeneous data. The results of the study explore that transition in the demographic pattern in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh is the real cause of low crop productivity and land intensification. Technology innovation is the only ray of hope to fulfill the food demand of the future ahead and climate agriculture practices can hamper the further deterioration of the small farmlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the economic policies adopted by the Indian government under different policy regimes, provides a political economy perspective of economic growth in the country during 1950–2020 and examines the inclusiveness of the rapid economic growth in recent decades. The growth performance of the economy improved as the economy moved from inward-looking policy regime to the regimes of pro-business and pro-market policies. India's political economy was supportive of the changes in policy regime. After growing at a sluggish rate during the first three decades after 1950–1951, the gross domestic product (GDP) growth accelerated significantly after the pro-business reforms in the 1980s, and there was further acceleration after the pro-market reforms since 1991–1992. It has, however, slowed down in recent years. Nevertheless, it has not been inclusive, as the benefits of growth have not reached all sections of the population and all regions of the country equally. On the contrary, disparities in income across regions and inequalities in income, wealth and consumption among individuals have exacerbated, and the problems of unemployment and poverty have been persisting in the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is one of the most important emerging economies of the present historical moment. Thanks to its geographic and demographic extension, it is one of the countries with the greatest prospects for economic growth, but such growth has been hindered by high levels of poverty, inequalities and social vulnerabilities, falls in GDP and low human development indexes, in addition to the constant political tensions that have arisen since its independence. Today, it has gone from being an economy that privileged agriculture to a market economy, with a strong presence in the provision of services, with tendencies to strengthen relations with the European Union, Japan, the United States, Australia and Latin America. Future prospects include GDP growth, population growth, poverty reduction and a better position in relation to global economies. The method used for the elaboration of the research is of the analytical-descriptive type, it is concluded in the relevance of India within the present geopolitical scenario, in its vital presence for the provision of services, for commercial activity and for the strengthening of multilateral cooperation, with strong presence of Indian labor throughout the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to investigate the impact of the volatility of the external debt burden on the economic growth of India. The MS (Markov - Switching) - GARCH model is the cornerstone in studying the effects of external debt on the economic growth that is simulated herein. This article applies a MS - GARCH model that allows not only unobserved variables within an observed model but also uses a robust algorithm to reach strong optimization (convergence) through iteration in a dynamic system in the estimation procedure. This article considers the period from Q2 2004 to Q4 2022 with 74 sample observations. Considering various crises like the global financial crisis, the Euro crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic that occurred during the study period, the results identify two regimes based on conditional volatility. One is the global financial recession period (regime-1) and another is the post-global financial recession period (regime-2). The findings show that the conditional volatility as well as the variance in the volatility of economic growth due to the external debt of India is much stronger in the global financial recession period (regime-1) than in the postglobal financial recession period (regime-2). It implies that the Euro crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic are having less impact on external debts in India. The transition matrix indicates the greater probability of the economic growth rate settling down in regime 2 when it is already in regime 2, as it is considered to be a much calmer period. Finally, the results of the stable probabilities suggest that the economic growth rate of India is much more stable in regime 2 than in regime 1. This article puts forward relevant policy implications for coming out from the debt overhang scenario in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial inclusion (FI) means the assurance that all individuals, especially those who are marginalised, and businesses have easy and economical access to financial products and services. This includes financial services like accounts in financial institutions, facility for institutionalised credit, insurance, and other financial products that empower an individual to participate in the economy. The concept of FI has acquired greater relevance in the recent years, as access to financial services is considered as a major stimulant of economic growth and poverty reduction. Individuals who are unable to access financial services, may be excluded from the formal financial system, leaving them vulnerable to financial shocks. This article argues that since 2014, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Government of India (GoI) have formulated strategies to boost FI and explains how it helped India in surviving financial shock during the pandemic, one of the greatest crises the world has seen. It also concludes that more work is needed in this area, which is where policy makers should focus on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro & Small Enterprises - Cluster Development Programme (MSECDP) is one of the flagship schemes of the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MoMSME) for the creation of common facility centres and infrastructure development. Various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were served in past few years, including Goal 8, 'Decent Work and Economic Growth' and Goal 9, 'Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure'. MSMEs are provided grants for the setting up of state-of-the-art machines and equipment, thus helping them bring innovation to their work. The objective of this paper is to study the state-wise performance of MSMEs and MSME clusters in India and to compare MSME performance; and various stress management techniques adopted by the clusters. Secondary data was collected from the Udayam Registration, Ministry of MSME, Government of India, and various cluster websites, and analysed using various analytical tools like diagnostic analysis, descriptive analysis, predictive analysis, inferential analysis, prescriptive analysis and decision analytics. Input variables considered were no. of clusters, no. of working enterprises, employment generated, value of plant and machinery in INR crore, market value of fixed assets in INR crore and gross value of fixed assets in INR crore. The data was compared with variables like Common Facility Centre approved (CFCa), CFC in progress (CFCp), CFC Completed (CFCc), Infrastructure Development approved (IDa), Infrastructure Development in progress (IDp), Infrastructure Development Completed (IDc) and output variables like Total CFC and ID (CFC_ID_T) and No. of Clusters (Cn). The findings indicate that in order to achieve SDGs 8 and 9, there is need for more decent work, economic growth, industry, innovation, and infrastructure in the industrial clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of the remarkable economic growth and poverty reduction in India, the country has not witnessed a commensurate improvement in its food and nutrition indicators. The problem of food and nutrition insecurity in India is more pronounced when viewed from a regional perspective. This study constructs a State Hunger Index (SHI) for India based on data from two rounds of the National Family Health Survey and analyses the variation in SHI across states in the country in relation to accessibility, availability, and absorption of food. Our analysis revels that the majority of the Indian states had either 'alarming' or 'extremely alarming' levels of hunger in 2005-06. Even in 2015-16, only Kerala had a 'moderate' level of hunger and all other states had 'alarming' or 'serious' levels of hunger. Hunger is predominantly concentrated in BIMARU states namely, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. Among these states, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh account for one-third of the total hungry population in India. Policies to provide safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, and public distribution system for food grains have had a significant positive impact on reducing hunger in India. The study underscores that policies and programs should be devised with a regional perspective to address the challenges of food and nutrition insecurity in India and overcome the wide variation in hunger across regions of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the association among economic growth, sustainable energy consumption and carbon emission with additional variables including fossil fuel energy consumption, natural gas and trade openness. The annual time‐series data from 1972 to 2019 is analysed using an auto‐regressive distributive lag model. Moreover, the novelty and robustness of the model are verified using dynamic ordinary least squares, and fully modified ordinary least squares. The results specify that except carbon emission model equation, there is co‐integration exists among variables. In terms of the outcomes in the long term, the consumption of fossil fuels has a notable impact on economic growth and natural gas, whereas the consumption of sustainable energy has a detrimental effect on economic growth. Interestingly, in the short run, sustainable energy consumption positively links with trade openness and economic growth. Furthermore, the VECM‐based Granger Causality detects a one‐way causal linkage of fossil fuel consumption, trade openness, carbon emissions and natural gas with economic growth. A bidirectional causality exists from carbon emission to fossil fuel consumption, suggesting a feedback hypothesis. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying variables. The policymakers can make decisions for the efficient functioning of energy markets, enhanced production of energy‐from‐waste material and environmental enforcement in India related to air pollution should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the trade relations between Ethiopia and China as well as Ethiopia and India, and then compares the bilateral trade volume between them. It also examines the nexus between international trade and economic growth. Panel data were adopted to estimate the impact of China's and India's bilateral trade with Ethiopia for the 25 years duration (1990–2015). The gravity model has been employed in order to evaluate and compare the bilateral trade between Ethiopia–China and Ethiopia–India. To examine the collected data SPSS has been employed. The study also outlined three different hypotheses and examined them based on the consistency of the statistical empirical result of the study as well as the positive unconditional coherence with previous academic literature. The result demonstrates the bilateral trade between Ethiopia–China, 0.321, was found to be higher than Ethiopia–India, 0.136. The study's empirical result also highlights that the influence of geographical proximity alone cannot be a determinant effect on bilateral trade, and discovers a significant linear relationship between a bilateral trade agreement (BTA) and a partner country's economic size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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With the advent of COVID-19, the world economy has undergone enormous losses and unprecedented crises. Moreover, this pandemic has put a significant effect on all business organizations, comprising the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) sector. MSMEs have been continuing to develop business strategies and are eager to compete in the market. The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted the full focus of MSMEs from ‘business growth’ to ‘business survival’ worldwide. E-commerce readiness plays a crucial role in a time of uncertainty and crisis during COVID-19 and affects the durability and sustainability of the business. This study attempts to study the readiness of online business and “E-commerce” adoption of MSMEs and its contribution to economic growth by utilizing both qualitative and quantitative techniques in the case of India. We use content analysis to determine the readiness of online business and Ecommerce in the post COVID-19 period. The result highlights the specific issues of this sector such as the shortage of resources and disruptions in the supply chain & logistical issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative analysis discloses that almost half of the respondents adopt online platforms along with additional challenges to sustain their business during the pandemic. This study utilizes annual time series data for the period from 1973-74 to 2017-18 to understand the long-run relationship between India’s GDP and MSMEs units. By utilizing the co-integration technique, this study reveals that there is a long-run relationship between MSME units and the economic growth of this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine whether geopolitical risk influences environmental degradation, while controlling for non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth and trade openness, using a quarterly dataset from 1985Q1 to 2019Q4. The choice of India as a case study is based on a number of reasons. India is a developing country, which produces approximately 3.2% of global GDP. Also, India produces almost 17.7% of the world population. The country also emits about 6.8% of global carbon emissions, and according to the 2020 report of the consulting firm Eurasia, India is ranked fifth in terms of geopolitical risk. This study adds to the existing literature by using the quantile-on-quantile (QQR) regression to examine the effect of geopolitical risk on environmental degradation, as well as highlighting the implications of geopolitical risk on environmental sustainability. Based on empirical estimation, we find that geopolitical risk increases and decreases carbon emissions in India. That is, geopolitical risk increases environmental degradation at middle quantiles and decreases environmental degradation at lower and higher quantiles. In addition, we find that non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth and trade openness impede environmental quality in India. Thus, we are of the opinion that policymakers, when making policy decisions on environmental quality, should factor in geopolitical risk in two areas, mitigation and channel of escalation, among other policy suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct a cohort-based frailty index from age-related health deficits to investigate physiological aging in India over the period 1990-2019. During this period, the Indian states underwent at different speeds the epidemiological transition and experienced unprecedented economic growth. We show that the rate of physiological aging remained remarkably stable to the changing environment. Age-related health deficits increased by about 3 percent per year of age with little variation across states, ages, cohorts, and over time. We find that, with advancing epidemiological transition, health deficits for given age declined at the individual level (within states and within cohorts). Across cohorts born between 1900 and 1995, we show that, for given age, health deficits are higher for later-born cohorts until birth years around 1940 and remained trendless afterwards. We propose a selection-based theory of aging during the epidemiological transition that explains these facts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, environmental issues have become controversial, and policymakers are discovering new predictors of carbon emissions. Some economists/researchers have advocated for fiscal decentralization to improve the quality of the environment by offering more financial authority to provincial/local and sub-national governments. Therefore, this work aims to inspect the effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth and environmental quality in India by taking data from 1996 to 2021. This work applies both ARDL and NARDL econometric models for empirical examination. The findings of this study suggest that expenditure decentralization has asymmetric long-term and short-term consequences on economic growth, and carbon emission in India. The result of the asymmetric ARDL model also indicates that positive and negative shock in expenditure decentralization contrarily affects economic growth and carbon emission. Moreover, the positive and negative shock in revenue decentralization helps in reducing carbon emissions both in the long run and short run in India. These outcomes are useful for policy analysis from the Indian economic policy perspective. The study also laid out potential outcomes that may benefit India's local governments and central government in resolving the issues of economic growth and environmental degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: In this interview, I propose a journey through the intellectual trajectory of Jairus Banaji. It focuses on different aspects comprising the study of the history of capitalism from a Marxist perspective, delving into the expansion of the monetary economy in the late Roman Empire, the economic dynamism of the Islamic world in medieval times, and the role played by merchants and traders in the emergence of capitalism. Originality: Although Banaji’s contributions to the debate that developed in India on “the transition” from feudalism to capitalism were remarkable, his work is little known in Latin America due to the scarcity of translations of his main works. Conclusions. This interview attempts to outline a synthesis of his intellectual biography, which stems from generating a cross-dialogue between his work and the currents of thought that took place in the Latin American region and that, in many cases, influenced and inspired his own work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Achieving sustainable development in terms of people, prosperity and partnership is the main aspect in any country's plan for development. This sustainable development has to be achieved in three major dimensions, that is, economic, social and environmental in an integrated, balanced and systematic way. The same is highlighted in the United Nations' (UN) vision for sustainable development by 2030. The purpose of this study is to identify the critical barriers of urban sustainability and gender equality with reference to Indian context, to suggest the strategies to achieve sustainable development in the referred area and to evaluate the relationship between them. Design/methodology/approach: The major contribution of this study lies in the development of a contextual relationship model from the various identified critical barriers in Indian context, using interpretive structural modeling with MICMAC analysis. Findings: Of the 17 goals given by UN, considering the Indian context, the goals of building resilient infrastructure, promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization and fostering innovation; promoting sustained and inclusive economic growth along with full and productive employment and decent work for all; and gender equality and empowering women at all levels seem to be the major challenges and the same are selected in this study for further analysis. To understand the major challenges in these areas and also to find the way forward, the study has set following three major objectives: to identify the critical barriers of urban sustainability and gender equality with reference to Indian context; to suggest the strategies to achieve sustainable development in the referred area; and to evaluate the relationship between them. Originality/value: Considering the highly volatile and complex demand requirements, this approach may help to enable the government to tackle issues/challenges related to both urban sustainability and gender inequality on priority basis and in a holistic manner to achieve the goals of sustainable development, thereby improving the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the journey of engineering education to flourish the India's economic growth. To know the role of engineering education towards the contribution of nation's economic growth, the meaning of true engineering education must be understood. The engineering student's life includes three phases in his/her education journey; i) education, ii) employment and iii) society welfare. At the world level, engineering education is the most preferred career option. At present India produces 15 lakh engineers for 1 trillion economies whereas United State (US) produces 1 lakh engineers for 16 trillion economies. The difference is the engineers of US is skill oriented from day one while India's engineers are not industry ready due to lack of skill and required 6 month or 1 year training after the course completion. So, the quantity and quality of engineers produced by India is not adequate to keep the pace with the world. In the new world technologies changes very fast so as engineering education from 1.0 to 4.0 and now education 5.0 more focuses on rehumanizing approaches with machine and technologies. The paper also emphasis different era of industry, society, education revolution with respect to engineering education to compete with globalized world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Critique of Law: Independent Legal Studies / Krytyka Prawa: Niezalezne Studia nad Prawem is the property of Akademia Leona Kozminskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to identify the impact of agriculture, forest and fishing value-added on international business, capital flow, and economic growth for India from 2000 to 2022, by examining short-term and long-term equilibrium using the Auto Regressive Distributive lag (ARDL) approach. Agriculture value added is taken as a dependent variable, and inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), stock of net FDI, economic growth and trade openness are taken as independent variables. Results indicate that there exists a long-term and short-term relationship between agriculture value added, economic growth and trade openness. Economic growth and trade openness have a statistically significant relationship with agricultural value added in the short and long run. Inward FDI and stock of FDI are not significant to agriculture value added. ARDL Bound test results indicate that there is a long-term cointegrating relation among the variables. The error correction term is also strong and significant (−13.96), suggesting resistance to shocks. Existing literatures coverage on agriculture and international business is scarce in the Indian context, and this research will be significant in that line. The results of this study resonate with the findings of a few studies conducted in other geographical areas, indicating the fact that the receptivity and absorptive capacity prevailing in an economy play a dominant role in receiving maximum benefits from inward capital flow leading to economic growth. This research reinstates that agriculture still influences economic growth in India. Openness is essential for creating a conducive atmosphere for economic development. The study also indicates the direction for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "India Is Broken: A People Betrayed, Independence to Today" discusses the economic growth and modernization of India, while also highlighting the darker aspects of the country's development. It emphasizes that although poverty has decreased, many workers still have insecure and low-paid jobs, with limited social security and health and safety provisions. The book argues that India's political classes have consistently underperformed and failed to create enough jobs, resulting in frustration, insecurity, and violence. The author, Ashoka Mody, provides a chronological account of India's leadership and economic reforms, criticizing economists and highlighting neglected areas such as mass education and the environment. Overall, the book presents a stark message about India's broken system and its impact on the working-age population. [Extracted from the article]