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The construction industry in many developing countries is considered the main engine for economic growth. Quantification of the resilience of the construction industry in developing economies is essential for stakeholders and decision makers. Many researchers have attempted to quantify the construction industry's resilience in the context of developed economies; however, there is lack of established measures of such quantification in developing countries. This paper proposes a framework for the composition of an index that quantifies the resilience of the construction industry in developing countries. The proposed framework is demonstrated in the context of three developing countries: Rwanda, Egypt, and Turkey. The index is composed of measures such as the construction value added to a country's gross domestic product (GDP) and employment in construction. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is utilized for weighting and aggregation of the individual variables. Studying the causal relationship between construction growth and economic development from 1971 to 2022, results show that construction growth leads to economic development in each of the three countries. Results of the proposed index values indicate that the construction industry in each of the three countries demonstrated increased resilience by sustaining both its outputs and its employment generation aspect in the two years following the coronavirus pandemic in 2019. Quantification of the construction industry's resilience in countries where the construction growth leads to the economic growth would provide a crucial insight for stakeholders and decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have investigated the relationship between political instability and economic growth separately from the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth. Besides, they did not cover the period after 2011 (i.e. the Arab Spring and its consequences). Therefore, this paper attempts to empirically analyze the long-run and short-run impacts of both political instability and military expenditure on economic growth in Egypt. We estimate the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach using data on the Egyptian economy over the period 1982–2018. For the robustness of our results, we use the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) estimator. Results of the ARDL approach indicate a significant negative relationship between political instability and economic growth in both the long-run and short-run. Contrarily, military expenditure has an insignificant impact on economic growth, especially in the long-run. These results are confirmed by the FMOLS estimator. Moreover, the estimated coefficient on the one-period lagged error correction term (ECTt-1) indicates that deviations from the long-run equilibrium relationship are corrected within a year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between the Net Barter terms of trade and GDP of two African countries namely Egypt and Guinea along with seeking to validate the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis. To analysis the effects, the study has taken the data ranging from 1990 to 2019. To examine the relationship between Net Barter Terms of Trade and GDP, autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) have been employed. The findings of the study concludes that there exists a co-integration amid terms of trade and economic growth in the economy of Egypt, but Guinea remained out from the co-integration. The study also shows that there is a long-run and short-run relationship between the GDP and Terms of trade alone in Egypt with a comparative disadvantage in the terms of trade of a primary sector-oriented economy. Thus, the study partially validates the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in economic growth and a reason for the development of societies due to its vital role in creating job opportunities and stimulating innovation and creativity, Therefore, many countries have sought to take care of entrepreneurship by establishing centers for entrepreneurship in university institutions, which help translate creative ideas, and innovative perceptions into application and production processes, with the increasing importance of entrepreneurship, the Ministry of Higher Education in Egypt has undertaken a number of initiatives to support entrepreneurship in universities by establishing business incubators and entrepreneurship centers in a number of Egyptian universities, and including the Career Development and Entrepreneurship Center at Alexandria University, therefore the present study seeks to attempt scientific identification of the roles of entrepreneurship centers in the light of the experiences of a number of foreign and Arab Universities, and to identify the actual roles of the Center for Job Development and Entrepreneurship at the University of Alexandria in order to develop a proposed vision to enhance its roles, thus contributing to the development And the continuous improvement of the center, which reflects on its performance, and the extent to which the desired goals are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is one of the key livelihood strategies for households, especially those in low-income and middle-income regions. In this study, we investigate whether the economic level and inequality of wealth can affect inter-governorate migration in Egypt. Using gravity models and data from Population and Housing Censuses of Egypt, we are able to measure the push as well as pull effects of economic and wealth inequality levels on internal migration flows. Although there are a large number of studies on the effect of economic levels on migration, there is little if anything known about the effect of wealth inequality between the origin and destination areas on migration. We measure wealth levels using the household asset index. We find that people tend to move to governorates with high wealth levels as well as high wealth inequality. There is a positive association between wealth inequality and economic growth in Egypt. Governorates with high wealth inequality tend to experience high economic growth and therefore attract more migrants. This study's findings also suggest that unlike non-work migration, the low wealth level in origin governorates is a push factor for work migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egypt seeks to achieve development in the agricultural sector within its development plans that includes increasing production, raising the levels of self sufficiency and achieving a surplus of goods that have a comparative advantage, through agricultural development strategies that started since the early eighties, the strategy of the nineties and the strategy of agricultural development (2009- 2030) To complete the strategy of 2004-2017, however, the leading role of agriculture in economic development has declined in the last quarter of a century, as the contribution of agricultural output to the national product decreased from about 22.52% in 1998 to about 16.55% in 2000 then To about 11.49% in 2017, which indicates the decline in the role of the agricultural sector and that the reform policy package in the agricultural sector did not achieve the desired results from it. Therefore, the research aimed to identify the efficiency of the development performance of the agricultural sector during the period (1998-2017), through studying the development The economic growth rate of the agricultural sector in Egypt, estimation of indicators of the efficiency of both agricultural investments, agricultural foreign trade, agricultural labor force. Where the research relied on descriptive and quantitative analysis methods, through the use of simple regression models in the logarithmic half image to estimate general time trend models, in addition to some indicators of the efficiency of both agricultural investment, agricultural foreign trade and the agricultural workforce), the research has reached the following results: 1- The agricultural sector has gone through periods of economic stagnation during the years (2000, 2003, 2004, 2008, 2011, 2017), while it has experienced periods of economic expansion during the rest of the study years. 2- With regard to indicators of agricultural investment efficiency at fixed prices during the study period, it was found that the employment factor reached a maximum of about 0.238 pounds in 1999, and also reached below 0.041 pounds in 2011 during the study period. The significance of the estimated model was not statistically confirmed, and the annual investment rate decreased, with an annual rate of decrease of about 7.3%. Statistical confirmation of the estimated model was significant. 3- With regard to indicators of agricultural foreign trade efficiency during the study period, it has been shown that the agricultural export strength index and the degree of agricultural openness and the annual agricultural coverage rate have increased at an annual increase rate of about 9.7%, 5.9% and 5.2% for each of them, respectively. Statistically, the morale of the model estimated for them 4- With regard to indicators of agricultural labor efficiency during the study period, it has been shown to increase the value of the productivity of the agricultural worker annually with an annual increase rate of about 2.2%. Estimated model significance. Accordingly, the research recommends the necessity of paying attention to the agricultural sector through increasing the volume of investments directed to this sector, developing agricultural exports and raising the efficiency of agricultural labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the long term energy outlook for Egypt. According to the article, a combination of population growth and economic expansion suggest that oil and gas are likely to be depleted in a relatively short time and this means that alternative energies such as nuclear, solar and wind are likely to play a crucial role in meeting Egypt's future energy needs. Thus, it is critical that Egypt implements the right energy strategy to ensure its long term political and economic stability.

Traditional wisdom suggests that fossil-dominated energy mix is problematic to sustainable development. Like many countries, the Egyptian government has set ambitious targets for a possible transition towards renewable energy sources. In this study, a production model is adopted to examine the feasibility of energy substitution in Egypt and subsequently quantify the emissions reduction potential that arises from such a conversion. First, results suggest that renewable energy currently has no significant impact on economic growth in Egypt. However, it has the potential to contribute a 5% growth share if capital investment is at least doubled beyond current levels. Second, while energy substitution is possible from a technological standpoint, economically, inter-fuel substitution is limited in practice due to higher costs associated with renewable power generation technologies. This is further confirmed by the two investment scenarios which point to evidence of marginal reductions in nonrenewable energy (between 0.08% and 0.13%) and CO 2 emissions when energy substitution is carried out. In general, these findings have implications for economic growth, renewable energy expansion, and CO 2 emissions not only in Egypt but other developing countries as well. • Substitution potential between RE and NRE are evaluated using data for Egypt. • Substitution potential exists but requires at least 50% increase in investment. • Currently, NRE has higher benefits but the situation could change as RE cost falls. • These results are applicable to other developing countries similar to Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]