15 results on '"FOOD industry"'
Search Results
2. Informal and formal meat marketing in Ibadan, Nigeria: public health implications from microbial assessment.
- Author
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Adesokan, Hezekiah Kehinde, Obimdike, Oluchi Chizube, and Adetunji, Victoria Olusola
- Subjects
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FOOD marketing , *EMPLOYMENT , *FOOD production , *FOOD industry , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Introduction: informal food marketing is predominantly practiced in developing countries as it solves major social and economic challenges through the provision of employment and easily accessible food products at relatively inexpensive prices. However, such products often escape effective health and safety regulations which relatively characterize formal marketing, thus posing threats to public health. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional microbial assessment of randomly collected raw meats (n=224) sold at selected informal (n=112) and formal (n=112) meat markets in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria for Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. using standard protocols. Isolates were evaluated for antibiogram patterns by Kirby-Bauer Assay and data analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: overall, 75.5%, 65.2%, 61.6%, and 46.9% of the 224 samples were positive for S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp, and E. coli, respectively. Significantly higher prevalences were obtained from the informal markets for S. aureus (OR=9.43; 95%CI: 0.05-0.24), L. monocytogenes (OR=9.35; 95%CI: 0.06-0.21), Salmonella spp (OR=10.00; 95%CI: 0.05-0.19) and E. coli (OR=12.99; 95%CI: 0.04-0.15) than the formal markets. The pathogens exhibited total resistance against half of the 14 antibiotics studied, with the least resistance to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Conclusion: the significantly higher microbial contamination in meats from informal markets and associated high antibiotic resistance level portends serious public health implications of informal meat marketing. Since informal food marketing also characterizes other developing sub-Saharan African countries, synergy among local and international stakeholders to step up health and safety policies towards regulating activities at informal food markets is urgently required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Verdrängerpumpen in Hygieneausführung: Die optimale Pumpe für den Hygieneprozess finden.
- Subjects
ROTARY pumps ,ECCENTRICS (Machinery) ,FOOD production ,HYGIENE ,FOOD industry ,PUMPING machinery ,SCREWS - Abstract
Copyright of Pharma + Food is the property of Hüthig GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
4. Bodenbeschichtungen für Lebensmittelherstellung.
- Subjects
FLOOR coverings ,FOOD industry ,FOOD production ,HYGIENE ,DURABILITY - Abstract
Copyright of Fleischwirtschaft is the property of dfv Mediengruppe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
5. Ozone as a disinfectant in the food industry.
- Author
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Dobeic, M.
- Subjects
FOOD industry ,DISINFECTION & disinfectants ,FOOD safety ,HEALTH ,FOOD production - Abstract
Copyright of MESO is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
6. Implementation of ATP and Microbial Indicator Testing for Hygiene Monitoring in a Tofu Production Facility Improves Product Quality and Hygienic Conditions of Food Contact Surfaces: A Case Study
- Author
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Cari Lingle, Randy W. Worobo, Jonathan Sogin, Burcu Yordem, John David, Mario Cobo, and Gabriela Lopez Velasco
- Subjects
Sanitation ,Food industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Pasteurization ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING ,food quality ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Hygiene ,law ,ATP test ,Enumeration ,food production ,hygiene monitoring ,media_common ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Contamination ,040401 food science ,Biotechnology ,rapid ,ATP luminometer ,Food processing ,Food Microbiology ,Environmental science ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
Cleaning and sanitation are critical to maintaining safe and high-quality food production. Monitoring these activities is important to ensure proper execution of procedure and to assure compliance with regulatory guidelines., Rapid ATP testing and microbiological enumeration are two common methods to monitor the effectiveness of cleaning and sanitation in the food industry. In this study, ATP testing and microbiological enumeration were implemented at a tofu production facility with the goal of improving cleaning practices and overall plant hygiene. Results from ATP monitoring were used to target areas of the production environment needing additional cleaning; ATP results were verified by microbiological enumeration of aerobic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts and molds. Products from the production line were enumerated for the same microorganisms to determine if there was an impact on product quality. After the implementation of ATP monitoring and targeted cleaning, there was a statistically lower proportion of swabs that failed to meet established sanitary requirements for ATP, aerobic microorganisms, and lactic acid bacteria (P
- Published
- 2020
7. Ispitivanje mikrobiološke kontaminacije površina koje dolaze u kontakt sa mesom u objektu za preradu mesa.
- Author
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Jelena, Ivanović, Milan, Baltic Ž., Neđeljko, Karabasil, Mirjana, Dimitrijević, Nenad, Antic, Jelena, Janjić, and Jasna, Đorđević
- Subjects
- *
MEAT contamination , *MICROBIAL contamination , *FOOD production , *FOOD industry , *PATHOGENIC microorganisms , *SLAUGHTERING - Abstract
In order for food that is on the market to be safe, it must comply with the criteria of hygiene in the production process, and food safety criteria stipulated in the "Regulations on the general and specific requirements of food hygiene at any stage of production, processing and trade". In the meat industry, there are many possibilities for contamination of carcasses and meat by pathogenic microorganisms. Contamination of meat can occur through the tools and equipment used for the processing and production of meat, refrigerated display cases and chambers for storing meat and transportation trolley. Workers during slaughtering, primary treatment and processing of meat can be a source of contamination via hands, clothing and footwear, as well. In order to prevent contamination, it is very important to regularly apply the procedures for cleaning, washing and disinfection of work surfaces, as well as the workers 'hands. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial contamination of surfaces that come in contact with meat in meat processing plants. The study included 306 swab samples, of which 102 swabs were taken from work surfaces (desks, cutting boards), 90 swabs were taken from the tools, usually knives (68 swabs), and also from machines used in production (79 swabs). Swab samples from surfaces that come in contact with food were taken after cleaning, washing and disinfection. In most of the swab samples that were incompliant with recommended microbiological criteria an increased number of enterobacteria and the total bacteria count (70.21%) was established. A considerably less samples did not comply with the recommended microbiological criteria due to the increased number of enterobacteria (14.89%). Also, 12.77% of samples were incompliant due to the increased total bacteria count, and only 2.13 % of the samples did not comply with the recommended microbiological criteria due to the increased number of enterobacteria, total bacteria count and the presence of L. Monocytogenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
8. Defining the environmental and functional characteristics of the buildings used to produce prickly pear dried puree in terms of food hygiene and safety
- Author
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Strano, L., Russo, P., Lanteri, P., and Tomaselli, G.
- Subjects
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PRICKLY pears , *FOOD safety , *HYGIENE , *CONCENTRATED fruit juices , *FOOD industry , *FOOD production - Abstract
Abstract: Sun-dried prickly pear puree, ‘mostarda’, is a traditional food mostly produced in Eastern Sicily (Italy) by cooking and concentrating fruit juice. The artisan production process takes place in buildings not designed for maintaining hygiene. It is well-known that the right organisation and building quality in food production influences food safety, allowing greater control over any infestation and simplifying cleaning. So, by means of building meta-design which analyses the production requirements of the main producers of prickly pear puree, production areas which provide appropriate levels of hygiene have been meta-designed without essentially modifying the traditional process. The meta-design approach was able to identify the necessary production areas and their respective functional and environmental requisites as well as their reciprocal links. The main results are a series of design reference layouts aimed at simplifying production activities by implementing the necessary functional organisation both as regards single sections as well as the entire production process such that HACCP can be optimised. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. USING THE BIOLUMINESCENCE AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTACT METHODS IN SUSTAINING A PROPER HYGIENIC LEVEL IN FOOD PROCESSING PLANTS.
- Author
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Cais-Sokolińska, Dorota and Pikul, Jan
- Subjects
- *
BIOLUMINESCENCE , *FOOD processing plants , *AGRICULTURAL processing plants , *HYGIENE , *SANITATION , *FERMENTATION , *FOOD production , *FOOD industry , *EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
The efficiency of bioluminescence applied to monitor the state of hygiene in a dairy processing plant was assessed in relation to the results of conventional microbiological methods. The used blotting tests were Envirocheck Contact DC with Agar CASO medium with added neutralizers. The analysed object was the surface of a beam stirrer in a fermentation tank. Swabs were collected following tank washing and disinfection after the completion of 15 production cycles. A high degree of correlation r = 0.91 was obtained at the reliability of comparison β = 0.906. The analysis of probability of distribution confirmed the feasibility of bioluminescence. Boundary values (112 and 171 RLU) were determined for bioluminescence for three object cleanliness ranges, based on microbial counts (cfu/cm²). Over 13% surfaces were classified as conditionally clean (Alert). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
10. Schubert & Salzer.
- Subjects
BEVERAGE industry ,VALVES ,FOOD production ,FOOD industry ,HYGIENE - Abstract
Copyright of Produktion is the property of Verlag Moderne Indusrie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
11. Hygieneanwendungen.
- Subjects
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FOOD quality , *HYGIENE , *QUALITY standards , *FOOD production , *PACKAGING industry , *CONFORMITY , *PNEUMATIC control , *HYDRAULIC cylinders , *FOOD industry - Abstract
The article deals with the requirements for components in packaging technology, especially with regard to hygiene and quality in food production. It emphasizes that high-quality packaging is crucial to avoid food loss. EU Regulation No. 1935/2004 stipulates that materials must be inert and must not release substances into the end products. Various components such as cylinders, valve islands, hoses, and fittings are presented that meet the high quality and hygiene standards. These components must be robust, protected against the penetration of liquids, and easy to clean. The importance of conformity markings is also highlighted. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
12. Comparative Analysis of Certain Requirements of Food Legislation in the European Union and the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan
- Author
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International Finance Corporation
- Subjects
FOOD PROCESSING EQUIPMENT ,FOOD REGULATIONS ,VITAMINS ,PROTEIN ,BEER ,BEVERAGES ,OLIVE OIL ,COOKING ,PLASTICS ,FOOD HYGIENE ,PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD ,JAMS ,EXPIRATION DATE ,INFANT FORMULA ,PESTICIDE ,VEAL ,FOOD PRODUCT ,FOOD SERVICE ,BEEF ,FRUITS ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,FOOD ADDITIVES ,AGRARIAN POLICY ,FOOD LABELING ,FOOD COMPOSITION ,FOOD LAW ,BANANAS ,FOOD SERVICE INDUSTRY ,JUICES ,PEANUTS ,POTATOES ,FOOD QUALITY ,RESTAURANTS ,ANIMAL FEED ,REFRIGERATION ,STARCH ,NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES ,HONEY ,LISTERIA ,GRAINS ,TOMATOES ,ADDITIVES ,FOOD PRODUCERS ,FRUIT JUICES ,ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES ,BUTTER ,PEPPERS ,MELAMINE ,SUGAR ,FOOD POISONING ,SUGARS ,STRONTIUM ,OIL PRODUCTS ,FOOD ,CARBOHYDRATE ,HARMFUL CHEMICALS ,CONFECTIONERY ,EGG ,FOOD PROCESSING COMPANIES ,FOOD SUPPLY ,FOOD FOR ALL ,VEGETABLES ,FOOD SAFETY ,GLUTEN ,STARCHES ,SAFETY PROBLEM ,TEA ,CHEESE ,FRUIT ,GELATIN ,DRINKING WATER ,RUBBER ,SAFETY ISSUES ,FROZEN FOOD ,SPICES ,FOOD PRODUCTION ,GRAPES ,FATS ,LABELING ,ORANGES ,NUTS ,FOOD CONTROL ,VEGETABLE OILS ,ALLERGENS ,FOOD QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS ,COCOA ,AGRICULTURE ,BAKERY PRODUCTS ,FOOD MICROBIOLOGY ,FOOD PROCESSING ,BOTTLED WATER ,CHEWING GUM ,FOOD PACKAGING ,FOOD TESTING ,LEMONS ,CAFES ,PESTICIDES ,FOOD PROCESSORS ,CONTAINERS ,INFANT FOODS ,WINES ,FOOD NEEDS ,SAFETY OF FOOD ,OILS AND FATS ,FOODS ,CA ,MEAT ,PACKING ,VEGETABLE JUICES ,LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ,FOOD SECURITY ,BOTTLES ,HAZARD ,POTATO ,HYDROCARBON ,MEATS ,FOOD CUSTOMS ,BACTERIA ,FOOD HABITS ,DATES ,FOODSTUFF ,LABELLING ,HYGIENE ,CHOCOLATE ,CREAM ,LIPIDS ,CAFFEINE ,DAIRY ,SAFETY HAZARDS ,PROTEINS ,TOBACCO PRODUCTS ,CESIUM ,HAZARDS ,PACKAGING ,CADMIUM ,FOODBORNE ILLNESS ,FOOD STANDARDS ,FOOD ALLERGIES ,FOOD REQUIREMENTS ,FOOD SCIENCE ,FOOD SUPPLEMENTS ,PEACHES ,FLAVORINGS ,FOOD PRODUCTS ,EXTRACTS ,EGGS ,ICE ,WINE ,FOOD CHAIN ,CURING ,APPLES ,HAM ,FOOD SAFETY SYSTEMS ,LEGUMINOUS VEGETABLES ,ANIMAL FOOD ,CITRUS FRUITS ,FOOD INDUSTRY ,CONTROL LABORATORIES ,DRIED MILK ,FOOD LEGISLATION ,STARVATION - Abstract
This report presents a comparative analysis of the food legislation requirements of the European Union (EU) and the Customs Union. Its purpose is to guide food business operators and public authorities engaged in reforming national food safety systems in the peculiarities of EU and Customs Union legal requirements and help them evaluate their capabilities in meeting those requirements. This report supports the International Finance Corporation’s efforts to facilitate the opening of new markets for the producers in emerging markets. This report compares the most critical aspects of food legislation of the EU and the Customs Union, such as: requirements and arrangements of food control; requirements to food quality; requirements to food labeling; food and food-related articles and materials that require special authorization; and laboratory control and food safety criteria. Ensuring food safety and consumer protection increasingly occupy the agendas of governments, which are looking to expand their trade networks. Likewise, food businesses interested in widening their export range need to understand quality and safety requirements in their target markets. This report offers unique, up-to-date information on the similarities and differences of the food safety requirements of the EU and Customs Union, with detailed assessments of the regulations that govern food safety.
- Published
- 2015
13. Republic of Moldova Food Security Assessment
- Author
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World Bank
- Subjects
PROTEIN ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,RURAL DEVELOPMENT ,FOOD PRICE ,LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION ,FOOD EXPENDITURE ,OILSFATS ,FOOD POLICY ,FOOD SHORTAGES ,RURAL HOUSEHOLDS ,BREAD ,FOOD RESERVES ,FOOD EXPORTS ,POOR ,FOOD POLICY RESEARCH ,FRUITS ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,FOOD ADDITIVES ,RURAL DIET ,FOOD AVAILABILITY ,INCOME ,RURAL POVERTY RATES ,CARBS ,STAPLE FOODS ,FOOD INSECURITY ,PRIVATE TRANSFERS ,POVERTY RATES ,NUTRITIONAL STATUS ,MALNUTRITION ,FOOD PRICES ,INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ,FOOD SUPPLIES ,POVERTY ,LEGUMES ,POTATOES ,FOOD QUALITY ,RESTAURANTS ,ANIMAL FEED ,DAILY FOOD CONSUMPTION ,HONEY ,FARMERS ,GRAINS ,ADDITIVES ,ALCOHOLIC DRINKS ,SUGAR ,RURAL HOUSEHOLD ,WALNUTS ,FOOD ,TRANSFERS ,LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS ,RURAL POVERTY ,RURAL AREAS ,FOOD EXPORT ,CEREAL IMPORTS ,NATIONAL POVERTY LINE ,FOOD IMPORTS ,FOOD SUPPLY ,VEGETABLES ,FOOD SAFETY ,GLUTEN ,TEA ,FRUIT ,SWEETENERS ,DRINKING WATER ,FOOD INTAKE ,CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY ,FOOD PRODUCTION ,PULSES ,GRAPES ,CALORIE INTAKE ,FATS ,PASTA ,WORLD FOOD SUMMIT ,NUTS ,AGRICULTURAL POLICY ,WHEAT FLOUR ,RURAL INCOMES ,SUGAR BEET ,WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME ,AGRICULTURE ,BAKERY PRODUCTS ,AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ,BEETS ,FLOUR ,SUPERMARKETS ,WINES ,FOOD NEEDS ,NATIONAL POVERTY ,SUPERMARKET ,RURAL RESIDENTS ,SAFETY OF FOOD ,OILS AND FATS ,FOODS ,MEAT ,FOOD ACCESS ,FOOD CONSUMPTION ,CARBOHYDRATES ,FOOD SECURITY ,POTATO ,DRIED FRUITS ,AGRICULTURAL INPUTS ,FOOD PREPARATION ,FOOD STOCKS ,FOOD TRANSFERS ,WORLD FOOD SUPPLY ,AGRICULTURAL PRICES ,MEAL ,HYGIENE ,INCOME TRANSFERS ,DAIRY ,PROTEINS ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ,FOOD RESOURCES ,WHEAT ,VINEYARDS ,FOOD COMMODITIES ,AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT ,PACKAGING ,FOOD PREFERENCES ,PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION ,HOUSEHOLD SIZE ,AGRICULTURAL WORKERS ,FOOD MARKETS ,WFP ,POVERTY LEVELS ,CEREALS ,POOR HOUSEHOLDS ,FOOD PRODUCTS ,ANIMAL FEEDS ,FEEDS ,EGGS ,WINE ,FOOD CHAIN ,RURAL ,AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ,RURAL POVERTY RATE ,INCOME GROWTH ,HOUSEHOLD BUDGET ,INCOME QUINTILE ,SUGAR BEETS ,REGULATION OF FOOD ,POVERTY LINE ,APPLES ,CARROTS ,IFPRI ,TUBERS ,FOOD INDUSTRY ,CALORIC INTAKE ,MAIZE - Abstract
This report provides an analysis of food security in Moldova. It attempts to outline the specific characteristics of food insecurity found in Moldova and to identify its underlying causes. This report provides a basis on which sound public policy can be built. The understanding of food security as a concept has evolved in Moldova over time, but policy has remained focused on food availability as the primary attribute of food security. The report looks at how many people are food insecure in Moldova, where these people live, who they are, and why they face food security challenges. The report adopts the international food security concept and analytical framework based on the four key dimensions: (i) the availability of food; (ii) access to food; (iii) utilization of food; and (iv) the stability of these three dimensions over time. The report is divided into following parts. The part one outlines the methodology used and provides a brief overview of Moldovas agriculture sector. In part two the report focuses on overall food security outcomes by assessing how many people are food insecure in Moldova, where do they live, who they are, and when is food security most affecting them. Part three provides a comprehensive analysis of the four dimensions of food security (availability, access, utilization, and stability) and identifies bottlenecks. Part four introduces the institutional actors and the policy framework. The report concludes with policy recommendations.
- Published
- 2015
14. Food Safety Toolkit : Introduction and Quick Start Guide
- Author
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World Bank Group
- Subjects
GLOBAL FOOD SUPPLY ,VITAMINS ,FARM ,MINERALS ,MILK ,FOOD POLICY ,FOOD SERVICE ,POLLUTANTS ,FOOD REGULATION ,FRUITS ,FOOD ADDITIVES ,REGIONAL MARKETS ,FOOD AVAILABILITY ,FOOD LAW ,GM ,DAIRY PRODUCTS ,NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS ,VETERINARY HEALTH ,DEMAND FOR FOOD ,FOOD QUALITY ,ANIMAL FEED ,SLAUGHTERHOUSES ,VETERINARY ,ANIMAL BREEDING ,GRAINS ,ADDITIVES ,NUTRITIONAL VALUES ,ANIMAL DISEASES ,FOOD PRODUCERS ,BUTTER ,LABELLING REQUIREMENTS ,FOOD SAFETY ISSUES ,BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY ,SUGARS ,EGG ,GM FOOD ,FOOD FOR ALL ,FOOD SAFETY ,VEGETABLES ,investment climate ,PATHOGENS ,SAFETY PROBLEM ,CHEESE ,FRUIT ,DRINKING WATER ,ANIMALS ,SAFETY ISSUES ,ANIMAL ,ANIMAL HEALTH ,FOOD PRODUCTION ,VETERINARIANS ,DAIRY SECTOR ,RED MEAT ,E. COLI ,LABELING ,POULTRY ,VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS ,AGRICULTURAL POLICY ,FOOD CONTROL ,FOOD TRADE ,FOOD- BORNE DISEASES ,ALLERGENS ,LOCAL MARKET ,AGRICULTURE ,COCOA ,SAFETY ISSUE ,FOOD PROCESSING ,NUTRIENTS ,SAFE FOOD ,BSE ,PESTICIDES ,ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ,PEST CONTROL ,FOODS ,SAFETY OF FOOD ,MEAT ,GMO ,MARKET DEVELOPMENT ,FOOD SECURITY ,DAIRIES ,FOOD INSPECTION ,FARMER ,HAZARD ,FLAVORING AGENTS ,ANIMAL DRUGS ,FOOD PRODUCER ,HEALTH CARE ,BACTERIA ,NUTRITION ,MEAL ,HYGIENE ,LABELLING ,CHOCOLATE ,CREAM ,INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ,DAIRY ,SAFETY HAZARDS ,HAZARDS ,METABOLISM ,FOOD HANDLERS ,PACKAGING ,MARKET SHARE ,VETERINARY MEDICINE ,FOOD STANDARDS ,VETERINARY SURVEILLANCE ,RICE ,TEMPERATURE CONTROL ,FOOD PRODUCTS ,EGGS ,FOOD QUALITY STANDARDS ,FOOD CHAIN ,LIVESTOCK ,FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS ,NUTRITIONAL VALUE ,MINERAL ,CINNAMON ,FOOD SAFETY SYSTEMS ,FOOD INDUSTRY ,VETERINARY DRUGS ,FOOD INGREDIENTS ,HERDERS ,GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS ,ANIMAL PRODUCTION ,FOOD LEGISLATION - Abstract
Legislation based on international standards and harmonized between trade partners facilitates trade and enables products from developing countries to be competitive in the international market. Countries looking to export to the EU should aim to harmonize legislation with EU rules. If exporting to EU markets is not a priority, countries should follow requirements of the WTO SPS agreement and thus ensure that their products can access markets of all WTO member states. Both the EU and WTO legislative models for food safety require a risk-based approach to food safety controls, prioritizing funds and activity on the most risky areas. Reforms in this area should be primarily focused on ensuring food safety, although ensuring that consumers are receiving the quality of food that they expect is also a consideration. When planning legislative reform, the burden on business should be carefully considered, and consultation with the business community is strongly recommended to obtain a good understanding of the business perspective. Public awareness on the need for reforms can be important and it is essential to outline the benefits of improved food safety legislation to consumers and their representative bodies as they can help to support reforms and sustain their results.
- Published
- 2014
15. The Double Burden of Malnutrition : A Review of Global Evidence
- Author
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Shrimpton, Roger and Rokx, Claudia
- Subjects
SNACK FOODS ,PROTEIN ,CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES ,FOOD SUBSIDIES ,SEAFOOD ,AGING ,CONSUMPTION PATTERNS ,FOOD POLICY ,LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH ,LOW BIRTH WEIGHT ,LOW FERTILITY ,DIETARY FAT ,PRESERVATIVES ,FRUITS ,EMISSIONS ,FOOD ADDITIVES ,CHILD MARRIAGE ,BREASTFEEDING ,FOOD DEFICIT ,FREEZING ,INFECTIOUS DISEASES ,URBANIZATION ,MALNUTRITION ,INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUTRITION ,STABILIZERS ,DEMAND FOR FOOD ,MOTHER ,POTATOES ,EXISTING CAPACITY ,RESTAURANTS ,RISK FACTORS ,HORMONES ,AGED ,BUTTER ,SUGAR ,MEASLES ,CHILD DEVELOPMENT ,PATIENT ,FAST FOOD ,VITAMIN ,CARBOHYDRATE ,FERTILITY ,HUMAN BODY ,PASTEURIZATION ,HEALTH EFFECTS ,TOLERANCE ,DEREGULATION ,FOOD SUPPLY ,VEGETABLES ,ELDERLY ,HEALTH RISKS ,FRUIT ,INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ,SWEETENERS ,INDUSTRIALIZATION ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,PLANS OF ACTION ,PHYSICAL WORK ,FOOD PRODUCTION ,YOUNG CHILDREN ,VITAMIN A ,UNDERNUTRITION ,MICRONUTRIENTS ,HUNGER ,NUTRITION PROGRAMS ,WORKPLACE ,FOOD DEMAND ,COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ,VEGETABLE OILS ,PEER PRESSURE ,FOOD PROCESSING ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,MARKET PRICES ,WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ,NUTRIENT ,NUTRIENTS ,TV ,PESTICIDES ,NUTRITION RESEARCH ,PRICE CURVES ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,IRON DEFICIENCY ,FOODS ,FERMENTATION ,IRON ,NUTRITION POLICY ,RESPIRATORY DISEASES ,BABY ,PREGNANCY ,HEALTH CARE ,NUTRITION ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,DEATH RATES ,MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION ,SOFT DRINKS ,INTERFERON ,NUTRIENT INTAKE ,PROTEINS ,EARLY DEATH ,WHEAT ,MARGARINE ,METABOLISM ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,FOOD DISTRIBUTION ,POLICY FRAMEWORK ,YOUNG CHILD ,MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE ,RICE ,WORKFORCE ,CEREALS ,GLOBAL POPULATION ,DIARRHEA ,NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS ,CHILD MORTALITY ,MAIZE ,PRODUCERS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,DIETARY ENERGY ,SNACKS ,FAMILIES ,COOKING ,PHYSICIANS ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,BREAD ,POPULATION GROWTH ,DIETARY CHANGES ,FOOD AVAILABILITY ,FOOD BASKET ,WORLD POPULATION ,STAPLE FOODS ,MATERNAL NUTRITION ,CONVENIENCE FOODS ,FOOD PRICES ,NUTRITIONAL STATUS ,FOLIC ACID ,OIL ,BAKING ,LEGUMES ,GLOBAL FOOD PRODUCTION ,OVERNUTRITION ,DIETS ,POLICY DECISIONS ,STARCH ,SMOKING ,INTERVENTION ,WALKING ,GRAINS ,HUMAN HEALTH ,GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT ,FAMILY SIZE ,LEADING CAUSES ,CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE ,IODINE ,PROCESSED FOODS ,SUGARS ,DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION ,LIPOPROTEINS ,MALARIA ,FISH ,SANITATION ,WAGES ,BABIES ,CONFECTIONERY ,RURAL AREAS ,FOOD MARKETING ,FOOD IMPORTS ,NATIONAL INCOME ,PROGRESS ,FOOD SAFETY ,FOOD CHAINS ,HYPERTENSION ,VITAMIN B12 ,MORTALITY ,BOTTLING ,FIRST MARRIAGE ,FATS ,CEREAL PRODUCTION ,ADEQUATE DIET ,NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES ,NUTS ,PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ,IMMUNE SYSTEM ,NATIONAL PLANS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,ENVIRONMENTS ,GREEN REVOLUTION ,CORN ,AGRICULTURE ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,ANTIOXIDANTS ,SUPERMARKETS ,UNFPA ,CULTURAL PRACTICES ,DIABETES ,SUPERMARKET ,DURATION OF BREASTFEEDING ,MEAT ,VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY ,STREET FOODS ,CARBOHYDRATES ,FOOD CONSUMPTION ,FOOD SECURITY ,IODINE DEFICIENCY ,POTATO ,CANCER ,FLAVORING AGENTS ,IMMUNIZATION ,HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE ,OIL PRICES ,OBESITY PREVALENCE ,MEATS ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,OBESITY ,LAND RESOURCES ,CHILD GROWTH ,MEAL ,MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES ,HYGIENE ,AGING POPULATIONS ,CREAM ,LIPIDS ,FLAVOR ENHANCERS ,DAIRY ,SOCIAL MARKETING ,UNPROCESSED FOODS ,REFINING ,EXPENDITURES ,CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ,DIET ,COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES ,LEISURE TIME ,MORBIDITY ,EPIDEMIC ,PEDIATRICS ,SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ,BAKED GOODS ,POLICY GUIDANCE ,DIETING ,ANEMIA ,FISCAL POLICIES ,HOUSEHOLD LEVEL ,ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES ,FOOD PRODUCTS ,RESEARCH AGENDA ,EATING HABITS ,FOOD CHAIN ,CURING ,URBAN POPULATIONS ,HEALTH SERVICES ,PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ,FOOD INDUSTRY ,PRACTITIONERS ,NUMBER OF PEOPLE ,URBAN AREAS ,FAST FOOD RESTAURANTS ,REPRODUCTIVE AGE ,NURSES ,NATIONAL COUNCIL ,FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION ,RURAL POPULATIONS - Abstract
The Double Burden of Malnutrition (DBM) is the coexistence of both under nutrition and over nutrition in the same population across the life course. 'Across the life course' refers to the phenomenon that under nutrition early in life contributes to an increased propensity for over nutrition in adulthood. The DBM affects all countries, rich and poor, and is a particular concern in countries with high stunting rates. The consequences of the DBM are enormous; early life under nutrition is an underlying cause associated with about a third of young child deaths. Among the survivors who become stunted during the first two years of life, their capacity to resist disease, to carry out physical work, to study and progress in school, are all impaired across the life course. Later in the life course, diet and nutrition, and especially obesity, are important underlying causes of many Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including hypertension, diabetes, cancer, stroke, and ischemic heart disease. The causes of the DBM are related to a series of changes occurring in the world called the nutrition transition, the demographic transition, and the epidemiological transition of countries. The variables associated with the nutrition transition and obesity epidemic can be grouped into four cross-cutting themes, which include: (i) the health/biological environment; (ii) the economic/food environment; (iii) the physical/built environment; and (iv) the socio/cultural environment. The solutions for the DBM problems are reasonably well recognized in each of its parts: under nutrition and over nutrition. However, the solutions have not been combined into an overarching policy and program framework, which together with raising awareness about the serious future implications for the low-and middle income countries is the aim of this paper.
- Published
- 2012
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