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Copyright of Journal of Administration & Economics is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Income inequality is an important issue in achieving sustainable growth in developing economies. However, there is a dearth of studies that examine the distributional effects of structural changes accompanying economic development policies in developing economies, especially Egypt. This study examines how income inequality has been affected by economic growth and the structural changes that have occurred in Egypt during the previous four decades. Unlike many empirical studies, the study applies an asymmetric methodology to capture the potential nonlinear effects of growth and structural changes on different locations of income inequality using the Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lags model (QARDL). Results confirm an asymmetric cointegration relationship among variables and the speed of adjustment to catch up with the long-run equilibrium path differs significantly across different quantiles which confirms the asymmetric behavior. While the disequilibrium is corrected in the short run at a speed of 65 to 64% for the lower quantiles, the speed slows down to reach 55 to 58% at the upper locations of the Gini coefficient. Economic growth has a heterogeneous effect across different quantiles of inequality; moreover, the inverted U-shaped relationship is confirmed only across the lower half of quantiles. This implies that the Kuznets hypothesis is valid only when inequality becomes lower than its current levels in Egypt. Results also confirm the high improving distributional effect of urbanization in Egypt across all quantiles. Thus, it is useful for economic policymakers to implement policies that accelerate the urbanization process to reduce income inequality in Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have investigated the relationship between political instability and economic growth separately from the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth. Besides, they did not cover the period after 2011 (i.e. the Arab Spring and its consequences). Therefore, this paper attempts to empirically analyze the long-run and short-run impacts of both political instability and military expenditure on economic growth in Egypt. We estimate the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach using data on the Egyptian economy over the period 1982–2018. For the robustness of our results, we use the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) estimator. Results of the ARDL approach indicate a significant negative relationship between political instability and economic growth in both the long-run and short-run. Contrarily, military expenditure has an insignificant impact on economic growth, especially in the long-run. These results are confirmed by the FMOLS estimator. Moreover, the estimated coefficient on the one-period lagged error correction term (ECTt-1) indicates that deviations from the long-run equilibrium relationship are corrected within a year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between the Net Barter terms of trade and GDP of two African countries namely Egypt and Guinea along with seeking to validate the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis. To analysis the effects, the study has taken the data ranging from 1990 to 2019. To examine the relationship between Net Barter Terms of Trade and GDP, autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) have been employed. The findings of the study concludes that there exists a co-integration amid terms of trade and economic growth in the economy of Egypt, but Guinea remained out from the co-integration. The study also shows that there is a long-run and short-run relationship between the GDP and Terms of trade alone in Egypt with a comparative disadvantage in the terms of trade of a primary sector-oriented economy. Thus, the study partially validates the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to analyze the effects of current exchange rate regimes on the economic growth achieved by the MENA countries. To determine in a dynamic perspective new relationships that will be established between growth and exchange rate regimes, we are looking for an answer to two major concerns, namely: the question of the choice of the exchange rate regime and the question of the impact of this choice on economic performance. To reach our objective we first studied the theoretical and empirical literature of the exchange rate regime and then we had to study the evolution of the exchange rate regime in MENA countries. Then, we got an economic model based on the determinants of growth. The data used on this model takes the form of panel data for 5 MENA countries (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Tunisia) for the period 1984-2019, as well as, several methods of modeling will be discussed, to finally adopt one from them that best applies to our research goal and shows several possibilities that can be used to apply this model in different ways depending on the country considered. The results reveal that it is very important to take into account the monetary policy framework that accompanies the exchange rate regime when assessing the effects of this regime on the overall performance of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the main determinants of environmental quality in Egypt by utilizing the data covering the years from 1971 to 2014. These dynamics were explored by utilizing the ARDL, wavelet coherence and Gradual shift causality approaches. The ARDL bounds test revealed cointegration among series. Findings based on the ARDL revealed; (i) positive and significant interaction between energy usage and CO2 emissions; (ii) no evidence of significant link was found between urbanization and CO2 emissions; (iii) no significant link was found between gross capital formation and CO2 emissions; and (iv) GDP growth impact CO2 emissions positively in Egypt. Furthermore, findings from the wavelet coherence technique provide supportive evidence for the ARDL estimate. The Gradual shift causality test revealed one-way causality from CO2 emissions to energy consumption and economic growth, while there is evidence of feedback causality between CO2 and gross capital formation. Based on these findings, policymakers in Egypt need to formulate environmental policies to promote sustainable urbanization and clean energy without undermining economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the complement of financial development, trade openness, political stability and integrating government expenditure on Egyptian economy using time series annual data covering the period 1977 until 2018. This study used the ARDL-ECM estimates to determine the long and short-run cointegration between the series. The estimated results indicated that the financial development enhances growth in the long-run, while the political stability undermined the economic growth in the long-run. Interestingly, we found financial development, trade openness and government expenditure Granger cause economic growth in the short-run, while political stability Granger causes economic growth in both short and long-run; and a similar result with the causal relationship appeared in the strong causal relationship condition. Overall, this study showed that both financial development and trade openness gave evidence of causing growth, but the political stability does not. Thus, the reform policies should continue, while adopting measures to ensure that all the determinants are complementing to growth in Egypt as they are all pivotal and it is imperative for policy analysts to put into perspective when formulating policies as the study captures a novel political stability variable towards growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Administrative & Economic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamic linkages amongst ecological footprints, fossil fuel consumption, real income, globalization and population in Egypt in the period from 1971 to 2014. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methods to investigate the long run relationships amongst ecological footprints, economic growth, globalization, fossil fuel energy consumption and population. Moreover, the Toda–Yamamoto approach is conducted to examine the causal relationships between variables. Findings: Empirical results of FMOLS and DOLS methods show that real income and fossil fuel consumption are responsible for deteriorating the environment, while globalization and population are found to mitigate it. As for Toda–Yamamoto–Granger causal relationship results, unidirectional causal relation from globalization, population and fossil fuel energy consumption to the ecological footprint exists. Moreover, bidirectional causal relation between real income on the one hand and globalization and the ecological footprint on the other hand is found. Originality/value: Using carbon dioxide emissions has major weakness as carbon dioxide emissions are considered only part of the total environmental deterioration so this study is the first study for Egypt that uses the ecological footprint as an indicator for environmental quality and environmental pollution and links it with globalization, economic growth, population and fossil fuel energy consumption. Moreover, realizing the direction of causality between these variables might help policymakers in designing the policies to promote the shift towards clean energy sources, especially that achieving sustainable economic growth with more contribution to the global economy depending on diversification of energy sources without deteriorating the environment is considered one of the most important objectives of Egypt's National Vision 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the sectoral impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) on growth in Egypt between 1990 and 2007 based on a unique data set. It highlights the aggregation bias inherent in many empirical studies that focus solely on the economy‐wide effects of foreign investment. Aggregate inflows of FDI are shown to be detrimental to the country's economic growth performance, possibly as a result of the "crowding‐out" of more productive domestic investment. Some positive sector‐specific effects, however, are found for investment in manufacturing and petroleum, which also has beneficial spillovers into other sectors. FDI in the finance and retail and telecommunications and information technology sectors are found to generate significantly negative growth effects, while those in services and tourism are negative but generally insignificant. These findings suggest that "market‐seeking" FDI in certain sectors has conspicuous "crowding‐out" effects, possibly owing to insufficient domestic absorptive capacity. The results of this study further demonstrate the importance of potential sectoral heterogeneity of own sector and inter‐sectoral economic growth effects of FDI. It therefore highlights the critical need for policymakers to take a more disaggregated sectoral‐level evaluation of the benefits of foreign investment, particularly in developing economies such as Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional wisdom suggests that fossil-dominated energy mix is problematic to sustainable development. Like many countries, the Egyptian government has set ambitious targets for a possible transition towards renewable energy sources. In this study, a production model is adopted to examine the feasibility of energy substitution in Egypt and subsequently quantify the emissions reduction potential that arises from such a conversion. First, results suggest that renewable energy currently has no significant impact on economic growth in Egypt. However, it has the potential to contribute a 5% growth share if capital investment is at least doubled beyond current levels. Second, while energy substitution is possible from a technological standpoint, economically, inter-fuel substitution is limited in practice due to higher costs associated with renewable power generation technologies. This is further confirmed by the two investment scenarios which point to evidence of marginal reductions in nonrenewable energy (between 0.08% and 0.13%) and CO 2 emissions when energy substitution is carried out. In general, these findings have implications for economic growth, renewable energy expansion, and CO 2 emissions not only in Egypt but other developing countries as well. • Substitution potential between RE and NRE are evaluated using data for Egypt. • Substitution potential exists but requires at least 50% increase in investment. • Currently, NRE has higher benefits but the situation could change as RE cost falls. • These results are applicable to other developing countries similar to Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]