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With the emerging consciousness of climate change and focus on climate-resilient growth across all developing nations, Brazil has proved to be a benchmark for the energy transition to an environmentally sustainable energy system. All the developing countries are heading towards decarbonised growth using alternative sources of energy. As a result, the paper explores the causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in the case of Brazil, using the data for the last 12 years. The Granger causality test is performed to comprehend the relationship between the three crucial indicators of the newly emerging growth models. The paper examines the interdependence of renewable energy and economic growth using the Granger causality test to estimate two-way dependence in BRICS countries. The paper exhibits the evidence of one-sided long-run causality between the use of renewable energy and per capita GDP, concluding that the deployment of renewable energy Granger causes per capita GDP growth. The results of Granger causality and correlations further provide an adequate rationale for the state to invest in renewable energy technologies and innovations. In this backdrop, the paper attempts to analyse India's green growth compared to Brazil in the last 15 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to construct a Green Development Index for emerging economies, focusing on the BRICS nations as the research subjects. The study measures the index of various indicators and explores the influencing factors from 2012 to 2021 using the entropy value method. The trend analysis indicates that the global level of green development is gradually increasing, albeit with significant fluctuations. China and Brazil lead with the highest levels of green development, while Russia consistently maintains a lower level. Regression results, in terms of estimated coefficients and statistical significance, suggest the greatest impact comes from industrial structure, followed by technological R&D, with human capital having the least impact. Implications are policy changes in emerging economies to enhance industrial structures, human capital, and sci-tech research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an assessment of energy density and energy efficiency and creates an important indicator of environmental performance. This article applied two mathematical models and econometric techniques to obtain detailed and specific results. The DEA and the non-normative account aggregation mean a collective aggregation to form a mathematical aggregation tool to create an environmental index for the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) based on available data from 2011 to 2016. The advantage of the proposed approach is to manage the irregularities of the data and follow the desired properties of the index number. The current paper is relevant for the broad scope of construction, the environmental index, and the evolution of the rankings of countries based on multiple indicators. Our results indicate that Brazil and Russia have the highest values of the Environmental Performance Index, which range between 67.44 and 60.70, respectively. India has a minimum value of 30.57 of the environmental index. The analysis shows that Brazil, Russia, and South Africa have the best scores and that these countries have the best results, while China and India also have the best results. This study can help form a valuable political tool for the development and development of the country's politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the exchange rate pass‐through (ERPT) into domestic consumer prices in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries from mid‐1990s onwards by using three different econometric approaches (i.e., the single equation approach, the VAR approach and the time‐varying parameter approach). It is also studied the role of macroeconomic determinants in ERPT. Our results suggest that (a) ERPT is higher for the emerging markets with mostly floating exchange rates (Brazil, Russia and South Africa) than for the other BRICS countries; (b) exchange rate explains, on average, around the 40% of the price variance for Brazil, Russia and South Africa; and (c) inflation volatility, exchange rate volatility and openness seem to be the key macroeconomic determinants in BRICS countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper analyses the implementation of the right to adequate housing in Brazil, China, and Russia, which are part of the BRICS group of countries. The study reveals that while Brazil and Russia have legally recognised the right to housing through domestic law and multinational human rights treaties, China has been less willing to do so. Even when international instruments have been implemented, they have not always successfully ensured state accountability for housing rights violations, and few cases have been brought under individual complaint procedures. This study highlights common housing issues faced by each jurisdiction in the practical implementation of the right to housing, which are similar to those encountered by other countries but are often more severe due to the economic, political, and historical circumstances of the countries under review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The steady flow of remittances due to financial integration has grabbed the attention of academicians and policy advisors. Despite the growing importance of remittances, the study on the relationship between remittances and financial development in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa remains unexplored. Thus, this paper analyses the effect of remittances on financial development. It also investigates the long-run and short-run relationship between remittances and financial development using annual data of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa from 1990 to 2019. Three different financial development indicators are used: domestic credit to the private sector as a percentage of GDP, bank deposit as a percentage of GDP, liquid liabilities as a percentage of GDP. The study employs the fixed and random effect model, Johansen Cointegration tests, vector error correction model, and Wald tests for analysis. The results suggest a positive effect of remittances on bank deposits. It indicates that a 1% increase in remittances leads to a 4.5% increase in bank deposits. The study also reveals the long-run relationship between remittances and bank deposits and the absence of a short-run relationship between remittances and financial development. The main implications of the study can be predicted as remittances allow the accumulation of savings in the long run and provide the platform for the unbanked recipients to utilize certain financial products and services. The absence of a short-run relationship indicates that remittances are utilized mainly for consumption in the short run. However, it can be recommended that BRICS economies should make every effort to increase the remittance inflows through reduced transaction costs and tax benefits in remittance-led investment or banks to bank deposits with competitive deposit rates for the diaspora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of government size and digitization in the process of environmental quality is a matter of considerable debate in the field of environmental economics. BRICS economies have suffered from environmental pollution. This paper scrutinizes that how CO2 emissions respond to government size and digitization in BRICS economies. Empirical estimates of the ARDL approach show that government size has a positive impact on CO2 in Brazil, India, and China, while negative impact on CO2 in Russia in the long run. The long-run estimates reveal a negative and significant effect of digitization on CO2 in Brazil, India, and China. Education and e-learning activities have a favorable and crucial role played in environmental quality in Brazil, India, and China. Based on these findings, BRICS authorities should improve the efficiency of government expenditures and invest more in digitization to improve the quality of the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social, human and economic dimensions of development demand relevant attention in developing and developed countries. In this paper, we explore the role of information technology (IT) for development in an emerging economy: Brazil. Through our analysis and discussion, we highlight relevant issues to be considered by information systems (IS) literature. For example, we observed IT advances in the health area, and these advances include telemedicine, applications focused on cancer, applications for prescription process, electrocardiogram in the clouds, and remote tele-monitoring of chronic patients. During the literature review, we also found two initiatives in Brazil that help in the fight against cancer and HIV with IT use. These (and other) measures have a direct effect on social and human development. We indicate a special attention to the importance of government actions and of the internet to leverage the relationship between IT investments and development in emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper provides contemporary climate, deep rooted economic conditions for FTA (free trade agreement), BRICS. In light of changing global economy this paper traces GDP, unemployment and inflation change before and after the FTA. BRICS Nations together has 22.2% of global output, 17.2% Global trade and 40% of global population. The significance of trade and GDP were highlighted during 6th BRICS summit Brazil 2014, which paved much deeper agreement and talks with respect to strategy for economic partnership trade and Investment Corporation. The significance of international trade among BRICS countries was highlighted during the Sixth BRICS Summit in Fortaleza, Brazil in 2014. Secondary data was collected from various sources for the past 20 years and analysis is done using basic regression in SPSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aims to contribute towards the sustainable development of financial systems, by testing the performance of socially responsible investing alternatives in emerging BRICS countries. The study outcomes give us an insight into viability of responsible financial decisions in contrast with the conventional style of investing. Design/methodology/approach: The authors examine the performance of socially responsible indices of BRICS nations vis-à-vis respective conventional market indices using various risk-adjusted measures and conditional volatility measures. We further segregate the 12-year study period to crisis and non-crisis period particular to the respective country, as well as a common global financial crisis period to analyze the impact of market conditions in BRICS nations and observe the performance using dummy regression analysis. Conditional volatility of the stochastic index series is measured using ARCH-GARCH analysis. Fama Decomposition Model helps rank the index performance through the sub-periods. Findings: Fama Decomposition Model helps us observe that while Brazil secures a position in top rankers consistently, it is India that ranks top during crisis period. With evidence of outperformance in terms of risk-return by SRI indices of BRICS countries through the overall period as well as through different market conditions, our study contributes to the positive literature on socially responsible investing. Research limitations/implications: The study explores performance of SRI in BRICS and finds evidence of the sustainable investment to be non-penalizing to the investor, even as the performance trend remain distinct in the countries with same level of development. It has implications for the investors and asset managers to include responsible stocks, while for the companies and regulatory bodies to unite for better reporting and disclosures. Given the broad implications, future research is required to link the impact of various cultural, legislative and demographic factors on the level and performance of the socially responsible investment in BRICS nations. Practical implications: The current study evaluating and comparing performances of the socially responsible investments in BRICS nations puts forth following implications for the different sectors of the society, especially in emerging countries: (1) BRICS organization – The association of five economic giants, having significant influence over global as well as regional affairs, can aim to orient the countries' efforts towards collective sustainable development by designing uniform SRI framework. (2) Investors – In the globalization era, the investor can gain from ethical cross border investments to diversification and country benefits. (3) Companies and regulatory bodies – Only voluntary or mandatory unified efforts, to provide accurate and consistent disclosures, can upscale the mediocre growth trends of sustainable investing in emerging economies. (4) Asset Managers – Call of greater role in educating, warding off inhibitions related to RI. Originality/value: This is to certify that the research paper submitted by us is an outcome of our independent and original work. We have duly acknowledged all the sources from which the ideas and extracts have been taken. The project is free from any plagiarism and has not been submitted elsewhere for publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigated the association between CO2 emissions, remittances, income, energy use, and foreign direct investment (FDI) through panel cointegration analysis, common correlated effect mean group (CCEMG), fully modified least squares (FM-LS) estimates, and panel causality test for the Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) economies over 1986–2016. The empirical outcomes of CCEMG and FM-LS clarified that remittance inflows into BRICS region are contributing to environmental degradation. Similarly, results in the case of Brazil, Russia, and China supported the remittances-led emission hypothesis. On the other hand, different results have been reached in India, thus the remittances; inflows have dictated that they are helping to combat CO2 emission. Furthermore, FDI has a positive and significant sign for BRICS economies. This relationship narrated that the FDI inflows to this region increase the CO2 emission, hence obeying the pollution haven hypothesis. Finally, energy use also supports the energy-led emanation phenomenon in BRICS panel and alongside the countries. The panel causality test confirms the bidirectional linkage between remittances and CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geosul is the property of Geosul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article critically examines the formation of the BRICS alliance, comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, with a specific focus on the pivotal role played by the United States in shaping this strategic partnership. It explores the extent of US influence and the accompanying responsibilities it assumes within the alliance. The article highlights the proactive efforts of Brazil, Russia, and China to expand their global influence while concurrently aiming to reduce US interference. Brazil, in particular, seeks partnerships with Russia and China as a means to attain autonomy and foster development. Simultaneously, Russia and China strive to challenge US global dominance and solidify their own spheres of influence. The article concludes by emphasising the importance of critically evaluating Europe's military support to Ukraine, suggesting that such support may primarily serve US interests. Additionally, it underscores Europe's potential to promote peace and stability by pursuing independent and principled foreign policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1974 China and Brazil began the building of a dialogue that consolidated, ever since, an important partnership for both countries, especially in areas of trade, infrastructure, finance, technology, energy and food. Such connection became closer after Brazil's inclusion as a member of BRICS, an entity formed by Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. However, could it be said that relations were intensified from this inclusion? Giving the question, the purpose of this paper is to identify how the creation of the BRICS influenced in the relationship between China and Brazil, using a theoretical and exploratory research. Given the findings, it is understood that these diplomatic exchanges between the two states have been intensified due to interaction in the BRICS bloc, however, some warning signs are perceived about a Brazil's dependency on Chinese political and economic directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to examine the grey literature archiving pattern in OA repositories of BRICS. The data for this study was retrieved from the Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE) by conducting an advanced search on different document types archived by OA repositories of the world and BRICS. Findings of the study indicated that reviewed literature is the major document type archived in open-access repositories around the world. European and Asian repositories archived the highest number of grey literature document types. Among BRICS, Brazil has dominated over the other four nations by contributing the majority of grey content, reviewed literature, and non-textual documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to examine the grey literature archiving pattern in OA repositories of BRICS. The data for this study was retrieved from the Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE) by conducting an advanced search on different document types archived by OA repositories of the world and BRICS. Findings of the study indicated that reviewed literature is the major document type archived in open-access repositories around the world. European and Asian repositories archived the highest number of grey literature document types. Among BRICS, Brazil has dominated over the other four nations by contributing the majority of grey content, reviewed literature, and non-textual documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the time–frequency nexus of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions with economic growth, nonrenewable (i.e., coal, natural gas, and oil), and renewable (i.e., hydro and geothermal) energy consumption. In this context, BRICS countries (namely, Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China, and South Africa), which are leading emerging countries, are included, and quarterly data from 1990/Q1 to 2019/Q4 is used. The study employs the wavelet coherence (WC) approach to explore the co-movement between the variables at different frequencies. The empirical results show that (i) there is a strong and positive co-movement between CO2 emission and economic growth; however, it is weak for Russia and South Africa in the medium and long-term; (ii) coal energy consumption is strongly and positively co-moved with CO2 emission for all BRICS countries; (iii) natural gas energy consumption is strongly and positively co-moved with CO2 emissions in Brazil, India, and China; however, it is weakly and positively co-moved in Russia and South Africa; (iv) oil energy consumption is strongly and positively co-moved with CO2 emissions in Brazil, India, and China; however, it changes a bit for Russia and South Africa; (v) hydro energy consumption is weakly and positively co-moved with CO2 emissions in general, whereas country-based results vary; (vi) geothermal energy consumption is also similar to hydro energy consumption. Thus, the WC results highlight the strong co-movement of economic growth and nonrenewable energy consumption with CO2 emissions, whereas renewable energy consumption has a relatively lower co-movement. Based on the results, policy implications are also discussed for BRICS countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Outras Fronteiras is the property of Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Outras Fronteiras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Scholars studying BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) have traditionally argued that it is a development-focused partnership and not a military/security-based alliance. Yet BRICS members have been deepening their security integration, and Russia and China have been creating an alliance in the background. Although BRICS middle powers have traditionally demonstrated an aversion towards alliances, Brazil actively deepened security cooperation among BRICS members during its BRICS presidency in 2019. How does Brazil view alliances in contemporary power competition? This study examines Brazil's perceptions by introducing and analysing a new data set of Brazilian expert discourses on alliances since 1990 and using its participation in BRICS as an empirical case. It finds that Brazil does not consider its security relationships with BRICS states to be more significant than those with non-BRICS states. However, BRICS enables Brazil to advance its specific security agenda that becomes embedded within the group's developmental orientation. While theorising about middle powers traditionally links these powers to international organisations, their pursuit of development–security agendas in rising power groups is an important front in contemporary power competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the long-run relationship between domestic saving and investment, and assesses the financial globalization of the BRICS economies. The model estimated in one-regime setting with no structural break and in sample-split setting with single as well as multiple structural breaks provides dominant support for the presence of long-run relationship between domestic saving and investment. The slope parameter of saving and implied home-bias in the asset portfolios of investors is generally small to medium for Brazil and large for Russia, India, China, and South Africa (RICS). The small to medium slope coefficient of saving for Brazil suggests the presence of moderate to high international mobility of capital. Financial markets are characterized by financial frictions and there is imperfect integration of RICS with the global financial markets. While the slope coefficient of saving is numerically large for RICS and small to medium for Brazil, it is not strictly identical across estimators. This finding can be generalized to mimic the findings of the extant literature. The academic debates and economic controversies – which surface in almost every area of empirical research – could be ascribed, inter alia, to the use of different methodologies and test statistics across studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the argument that the so-called four BRIC or the five BRICS economies can help rescue the global economy from its current crisis. It reviews the arguments for the positive role of these developing economies and then urges a series of reasons for caution about their capacity to act as an independent element in global economic recovery. It also draws attention to the differences between these economies and the need to consider the way that economic issues are related to geo-political considerations in the global system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism sector is tremendously growing sector of BRICS economies during past two decades. Tourism industry directly or indirectly contributes to the GDP, employment and balance of payment to the financial system of every economy. This sector is also contributing to increase the revenue and thus converting financial deficit into surplus. Therefore, an effort is made to observe the causal association linking tourism industry and BRICS economies. GDP and receipts from this sector have been taken as proxy respectively for BRICS economies and tourism sector to check the causal relation. Data was gathered from various sources and suitable techniques were employed to analyses the data. The results of the study presented that in the case of Brazil as well as China, growth in GDP cause growth in Tourism Receipts whereas reciprocal relationship exists for other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"This article main purpose the examine the growth and development of Institutional Repositories available in BRICS countries, The relevant Data was collected from the Directory of OPENDOAR. Based on the data in OPEN DOAR, We found that 418 total repositories are available from BRICS countries, and analyzed that BRICS countries among the Brazil with 154(37%) number of repositories in OPEN DOAR. Russia with 50 (12%) in Number of contribution repositories in BRICS countries. foreword to India with 102 (24%) Number of repositories, China 64 (15%), South Africa 48 (12%). Brazil year 2020 (40) highest repositories contribution and year 2007, year 2018 found is lowest contribution in OPEN DOAR Types of repositories are found the Institutional 129 in Brazil, Russia with 42, India 88, China 52 and South Africa 44. Subject Content Social science is found Brazil 126, Rusia 40, India 84, China 33, South Africa 45". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the energy efficiency of emerging economies is the core of achieving efficient global development. This paper innovatively applies the slack based DEA to analyze the energy structure and energy-saving potential of BRICS countries in the past three decades. The results of empirical analysis show that, first, Brazil and Russia ranked first and last with the average efficiency of 0.5941 and 0.0921 respectively in the 30-year observation period. Second, the slack variable of each country is very large. For example, in 2018, India needs to reduce 436.17 Mtoe coal consumption, 105.65 Mtoe oil consumption, 25.39 Mtoe natural gas consumption, and 2038.05 million tons of carbon emissions to reach an effective state. Third, the reasons for inefficiency vary from country to country. Brazil, Russia, and India have low levels of energy management and lack of advanced key technologies. China and South Africa are faced with the problems of scale diseconomy and unreasonable resource allocation structure. The research results are helpful to understand the changing trend of energy efficiency and the reasons for low efficiency in BRICS, and can provide a reference for the formulation of scientific development strategy, which has important practical significance. Image 1 • Russia ranks last among the BRICS countries with an average efficiency of 0.0921. • The highest average efficiency is found in Brazil at 0.5941. • Brazil, Russia, and India lack of advanced key technologies. • China and South Africa are facing the problems of diseconomy of scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Colombia Internacional is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With four out of the five BRICS members belonging to what has been referred to as the global South, it was believed that this would stimulate south to south cooperation. It was seen as a given. Although birthed in the Cold War by the Non-aligned Movement, South to South cooperation has experienced different dynamics in the post-Cold War era. In the current globalising world, countries face different challenges and define their interests differently. Thus, this article sets out to examine whether South Africa and Brazil's membership of BRICS has fostered south to south cooperation. The study uses mixed methods with quantitative indicators like foreign direct investment (inward and outward) and trade volume (import and export) before and after the countries joined BRICS. Qualitative data were drawn from key informer interviews and the literature. The study found that Brazil and South Africa perceive their membership of BRICS differently. Although South Africa has invested heavily in African countries and fostered dialogue between BRICS and its regional states, Brazil has pursued a more internationalist approach in an attempt to win over allies in the Global North and, in the final analysis, has not strongly fostered South to South cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The income and pollution relationship is widely debated in the literature, but income alone cannot control emissions, and that requires environmental regulation measures. Even though weak environmental regulations may offset market failures caused by negative externality of pollution, investigation of their role in the control of environmental pollution is of prime importance. To better understand the role of environmental regulations in carbon emissions mitigation, this study takes a step to offers a new perspective on the role of environmental regulations in pollution reduction for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. To this end, the study employs panel data econometric tools for data spanning from 1995 to 2016. Besides, the study conducts fully modified ordinary least squares estimator to get country‐wise results. Empirical results confirm the positive role of environmental regulations in carbon emission mitigation, and the current environmental control measures are successful in achieving pollution reduction targets in the sample countries. Environmental regulations help in establishing the inverted U‐shaped relationship between income and pollution. Climate change mitigation in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries is not associated with economic development only but driven by effective environmental regulations as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papel Político is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: How are Development Assistance Committee (DAC) donors evolving their financial flows and aid modalities in response to the growing influence and economic power of Southern BRICS? After presenting the shifting landscape of international development cooperation, we explore five hypotheses about the changing nature of DAC aid allocation patterns and modalities in BRICS countries. In our conclusion, we reflect on the evolution of DAC engagement in Brazil, China, India, and South Africa (BASIC countries) and what it might mean for all official donors. Our assessment is that the changing geopolitical environment for development cooperation is once again privileging economic diplomacy concerns within DAC donors, propelling specific kinds of decisions about the choice of instruments, sectors, and modalities in BASIC countries. It would appear that the administrative practice of foreign aid is increasingly derived from changes within the institutional environment for international development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initiatives and experiences from different countries and cultures are an important research issue. This article focuses on mentoring in teachers' professional development in Brazil, but it is part of a larger project that seeks an approximation in the area of teacher professional development among BRICS countries - Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. In Brazil, mentoring in teachers' professional development is proposing interactions between University and schools. Besides this, some initiatives shed lights on this matter. We intend in this work a discussion about such a significant advance. Collaboration between institutions seems to bring new ideas in developing countries trying to overcome difficulties in teachers' working conditions. The study collects a state of the art in the main Brazilian publications in the last five years about mentoring, both experiences related and theoretical studies. The results call attention to challenges and opportunities in teacher education regarding theory-practice integration and point out the need for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) and their subsequent absorption in library and information science (LIS) have forced information professionals to change the way they are functioning at present. Because of their popularity with the users, an overwhelming attention is being given to the web-based information services in libraries. The web 2.0 technologies have rapidly gained huge popularity and as such, the university libraries, being the heart of the highest seats of learning, need to equip themselves with all the possible web based, i.e. web 2.0 and allied services. The present study made an endeavour to study the various web 2.0 and allied web based services offered by select university libraries of BRICS nations. This study shows that the web based services in the university libraries of BRICS nations are quite better. The findings show that India and china universities are far behind as compared to Brazil, Russia and South Africa in employability of web 2.0 tools in libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mural Internacional is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Politics & Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Health Policy & Planning is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents characteristics of journalism as a profession in the Brazilian context. The data consist of an extensive sample gathered in four Brazilian cities: Brasilia (the federal capital), Rio de Janeiro, Juiz de Fora and Vitória. The analysis is part of the exploration of journalism in the BRICS countries. The results serve to illustrate some of the political, economic and cultural factors impacting on Brazilian journalism. The article presents and contextualises data on professional characteristics, gender relations, career motivations, ethics as well as both the perception of journalists on media regulation and differences between journalism in online and traditional media. By doing so, this article uses the Brazilian sample of the BRICS project to introduce some of the ongoing conditions and debates relating to journalism in the largest country of Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New powers, such as China, India and Brazil, are challenging the traditional dominance of the US in the governance of the global economy. It is generally taken for granted that the rise of new powers is simply a reflection of their growing economic might. In this article, however, I challenge this assumption by drawing on the case of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to show that the forces driving the rise of new powers are more heterogeneous and complex than suggested by a simple economic determinism. I argue that these countries have in fact taken different paths to power: while China's rise has been more closely tied to its growing economic might, the rise of Brazil and India has been driven primarily by their mobilization and leadership of developing country coalitions, which enabled them to exercise influence above their economic weight. One important result is that Brazil and India have assumed a more aggressive and activist position in WTO negotiations than China and played a greater role in shaping the agenda of the Doha Round. Thus, although the new powers are frequently grouped together (as the ‘BRICs’, for example), this masks considerable variation in their sources of power and behaviour in global economic governance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The rise of new economic powers has seen increasing attention focused on the international role of the BRICS countries. Importantly, a common feature uniting the BRICS is that they are all resource-rich, and many analysts (and some BRICS governments) have argued that natural resources are one of the key factors propelling the rise of the group. This article explores the BRICS’ emerging status as ‘resource powers’, examining how resource wealth underpins their economic development and foreign policy strategies, and thus contributes to their growing influence in international affairs. It is argued that through the use of nationalistic mining and energy policies, the BRICS governments have exploited natural resources for both domestic economic and international diplomatic objectives. However, there are several challenges and emerging risks facing the BRICS’ resource strategies, which mean that resource wealth is making a positive – though inherently limited – contribution to the growing international status of the group. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Over the past decade, power dynamics within the South Atlantic region have undergone significant changes. While the area has historically been dominated by North–South ties, both in terms of material flows and with respect to political influence, more recently there has been a surge in cooperation between developing countries within this space. As trade, investment and other forms of exchange and dialogue increase among actors from within the region (notably between South America and Africa) and with states located outside the region, the BRICS countries become more relevant to the South Atlantic. Individually, they have become relevant players in the South Atlantic's economic, political and security dimensions. Collectively, as inter-BRICS flows and political coordination intensify, new configurations of cooperation emerge within the South Atlantic. These initiatives suggest that rising powers are contributing towards making the South Atlantic – long dominated by North–South ties – a space where South–South cooperation and norms predominate. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

When analysing the data periods including the pre-financial and financial crisis periods, the results show that investors might make profits by using Variable Length Moving Average (VMA) trading rules as buying signals rather than as selling signals shown for the Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) stock markets. However, investors may find it difficult to make profits in a financial crisis period, suggesting that more detailed information should be investigated, since the significant results shown during the full period might not reveal the differences between the pre-financial and financial crisis periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of debates about ‘post-neoliberalism’, we examine the implications of the global economic crisis for three important semi-peripheral states: Brazil, India, and China. Deploying a framework which combines neo-Gramscian theory, radical economic geography, and materialist state theory, we find that all their political-economic models have undergone processes of substantial neoliberalisation, albeit to varying degrees and partly giving way to countervailing trends well before the global turmoil. The crisis has markedly accentuated ongoing developments. In Brazil, it has reinforced a transition to a neo-developmentalist strategy. In contrast, the Indian elites have quickly returned to the path of gradual neoliberalisation. In China, it is still unclear whether a fundamental social-corporatist regime change will be accomplished. Our analysis thus suggests a divergence of trajectories, rather than a general rebound of the state, let alone a full-blown post-neoliberal transformation. Contra la perspectiva de los debates sobre el ‘posneoliberalismo’, examinamos las implicaciones de la crisis económica global, para tres importantes estados semiperiféricos: Brasil, India y China. Con el despliegue de un marco que combina la teoría neogramsciana, la geografía económica radical y la teoría estatal materialista, encontramos que todos sus modelos económico-políticos han pasado por un proceso de neoliberalismo sustancial, no obstante de diferentes grados y dando paso parcialmente a tendencias compensatorias mucho antes de la agitación global. La crisis se ha acentuado notablemente con desarrollos en curso. En Brasil, ha fortalecido una transición a una estrategia nueva especialista en desarrollo. En contraste, las élites indias han regresado rápidamente al camino de la neoliberalización gradual. En China, aún no está claro si se logre un cambio de régimen social corporativo fundamental. Por tanto, nuestro análisis sugiere una divergencia de trayectorias en vez de una recuperación general del estado, y ni hablar de una verdadera transformación neoliberal. 在围绕“后新自由主义”进行各种辩论的背景下，我们考察了全球经济危机对三个重要的半边缘国家即巴西、印度和中国的意义。运用一个把新葛兰西主义理论、激进经济地理学和唯物主义国家理论结合起来的框架，我们发现它们所有的政治-经济模式都经历了实质性的新自由主义化的过程，尽管程度有所不同，且在全球性动荡发生前已部分让位于相反的趋势。这场危机清楚地指出了当前的各种发展。在巴西，它加强了向新发展主义战略的转变。相比之下，印度的精英们迅速地回到了渐进新自由主义化的道路。在中国，仍不清楚的是一个根本性的社会法团主义的政权转变是否将得到完成。因而，我们的分析表明了轨迹的歧异，而非国家的总体重归，更不用说是一个充分发展的后新自由主义的转型了。 우리는 ‘포스트 신자유주의’에 대한 논쟁의 배경으로 브라질, 인도와 중국 세 개의 중요한 반주변부 국가에게 주는 지구적 경제위기의 함의를 검토한다. 우리는 신그람시 이론, 급진적 경제지리학과 유물론적 국가론을 결합시킨 분석틀을 적용하여, 정도가 다르고 이미 지구적 혼란 이전에 부분적으로 신자유주의화에 반대되는 추세로 후퇴함에도 불구하고 세 나라가 상당한 신자유주의화 과정을 겪었다는 것을 발견했다. 위기는 진행중인 신자유주의를 뚜렷하게 강화시켰다. 브라질에서 위기는 신발전주의 전략으로의 이행을 촉진시켰다. 반대로 인도의 엘리트들은 재빨리 점진적 신자유주의 길로 돌아갔다. 중국에서는 본질적인 사회적 조합주의 레짐의 변화가 이루어졌는지는 불분명하다. 우리의 분석은 완전한 포스트 신자유주의적 전환에도 불구하고 국가의 재부상보다는 세 나라 경로의 분화를 제시한다. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS) is a popular yet poorly conceptualized group. This article builds a parallel between BRICS and OPEC in order to assess the former using a weak cognitivist version of the regime theory. The five countries created an international regime whose members cooperate in view of acquiring, collectively and individually, increased influence in international financial and economic institutions. As they do not concern this domain, the diverging interests of the five members do not hamper the rather limited socialization process at work and the implicit development of the regime. However, they will most likely prevent BRICS from reaching generalized political cooperation. Consequently, the group can be expected to increase its influence significantly in comparison to the present level but not to become one of the world's leading actors. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study focuses on comparison of perceptions of ethical business cultures in large business organizations from four largest emerging economies, commonly referred to as the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China), and from the US. The data were collected from more than 13,000 managers and employees of business organizations in five countries. The study found significant differences among BRIC countries, with respondents from India and Brazil providing more favorable assessments of ethical cultures of their organizations than respondents from China and Russia. Overall, highest mean scores were provided by respondents from India, the US, and Brazil. There were significant similarities in ratings between the US and Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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