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Previous studies have investigated the relationship between political instability and economic growth separately from the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth. Besides, they did not cover the period after 2011 (i.e. the Arab Spring and its consequences). Therefore, this paper attempts to empirically analyze the long-run and short-run impacts of both political instability and military expenditure on economic growth in Egypt. We estimate the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach using data on the Egyptian economy over the period 1982–2018. For the robustness of our results, we use the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) estimator. Results of the ARDL approach indicate a significant negative relationship between political instability and economic growth in both the long-run and short-run. Contrarily, military expenditure has an insignificant impact on economic growth, especially in the long-run. These results are confirmed by the FMOLS estimator. Moreover, the estimated coefficient on the one-period lagged error correction term (ECTt-1) indicates that deviations from the long-run equilibrium relationship are corrected within a year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between the Net Barter terms of trade and GDP of two African countries namely Egypt and Guinea along with seeking to validate the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis. To analysis the effects, the study has taken the data ranging from 1990 to 2019. To examine the relationship between Net Barter Terms of Trade and GDP, autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) have been employed. The findings of the study concludes that there exists a co-integration amid terms of trade and economic growth in the economy of Egypt, but Guinea remained out from the co-integration. The study also shows that there is a long-run and short-run relationship between the GDP and Terms of trade alone in Egypt with a comparative disadvantage in the terms of trade of a primary sector-oriented economy. Thus, the study partially validates the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]