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Granger causality provides a framework that uses predictability to identify causation between time series variables. This is important to policymakers for effective policy management and recommendations. Granger causality is recognized as the primary advance on the causation problem. The objective of this paper is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of Granger causality publications indexed in the Web of Science database. Harzing's Publish or Perish and VOSviewer were used for performance analysis and science mapping. The first paper indexed was published in 1981 and there has been an upward trend in the annual publication of Granger causality studies which are shifting towards the areas of environmental science, energy, and economics. Most of the publications are articles and proceeding papers under the areas of business economics, environmental science ecology, and neurosciences/neurology. China has the highest number of publications while the United States has the highest number of citations. England has the highest citation impact. This paper also constructed country co-authorship, co-analysis of cited references, cited sources, and cited authors, keyword co-occurrence, and keyword overlay visualization maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging interest in creativity and innovation subjects have increased attention to the exploration of their relationship with organization culture, entrepreneurship, leadership, and education. The current bibliometric study was employed to identify and synthesize the results from studies exploring domains of creativity and innovation. Authors analyzed the papers published in highly ranked and cited by the journals which indexed and ranked in Web of Science Core Collection, in the period of 2010 to 2019. Major findings in this study include: (a) the number for journals published in 2010 significantly increased by 2019; (b) there are three leading countries publishing research in the creativity and innovation field, including the USA, PR China and England; (c) there are three prominent fields by subject category, including the management and business, leading field with 58.92% articles, a psychological area with 15.14% articles, and engineering and environmental studies 8.65% articles; (d) Creativity and Innovation Management Journal is leading in publishing studies on creativity and innovations (11 records, 6% of published studies). Although findings were dispersed widely in sub-contexts, the review suggests that there are strong relationships between creativity and innovations, along with concepts and environment, culture, organizational characteristics, individual features, entrepreneurship, and leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Life cycle assessment is a multidisciplinary framework usually deployed to appraise the sustainability of various product or service supply-chains. Over recent decades, its use in the agri-food sector has risen sharply, and alongside this, a wide range of methodological advances have been generated. Spatial-life cycle assessment, defined in the current document as the interpretation of life cycle assessment results within a geographical nature, has not gone unexplored entirely, yet its rise as a sub-method of life cycle assessment has been rather slow relative to other avenues of research (e.g., including the nutritional sciences within life cycle assessment). With this relative methodological stagnation as a motivating factor, our paper combines a process-based model, the Catchment Systems Model, with various life cycle impact assessments (ReCiPe, Centre for Environmental Studies and Environmental Product Declaration) to propose a simple, yet effective, approach for visualising the technically feasible efficacy of various on-farm intervention strategies. As water quality was the primary focus of this study, interventions reducing acidification and eutrophication potentials of both arable and livestock farm types in the Southeast of England were considered. The study site is an area with a marked range of agricultural practices in terms of intensity. All impacts to acidification potential and eutrophication potential are reported using a functional unit of 1 ha. Percentage changes relative to baseline farm types, i.e., those without any interventions, arising from various mitigation strategies, are mapped using geographical information systems. This approach demonstrates visually how a spatially-orientated life cycle assessment could provide regional-specific information for farmers and policymakers to guide the restoration of certain waterbodies. A combination of multiple mitigation strategies was found to generate the greatest reductions in pollutant losses to water, but in terms of individual interventions, optimising farm-based machinery (acidification potential) and fertiliser application strategies (eutrophication potential) were found to have notable benefits. [Display omitted] • A novel yet data intensive spatial-life cycle assessment framework is proposed. • Farm types with and without agri-environmental interventions are assessed. • Eutrophication and acidification potentials are calculated for each farm type. • Optimising machinery usage reduces water impacts through decreased sediment loss. • Spatial-life cycle assessment is an effective tool for visualising environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article considers lay participation in modelling as part of a much larger trend – the inclusion of non-expert publics in areas of environmental decision-making that have traditionally been the domain of those with specialist expertise. The authors note that in the natural and managerial sciences, participatory practices and the inclusion of non-expert publics in ‘expert’ policy domains such as the environment are often portrayed with considerable optimism, especially if they are viewed as potentially able to lead to better decision-making. In the social and political sciences, on the other hand, such participatory practices have often been characterised as intensely disillusioning. The article explores the reasons for these different appraisals of participation. It reports, in particular, upon studies carried out in the social sciences that have analysed and critiqued recent participatory trends, aiming to make these critiques open for debate within the modelling community. The second half of the article documents the creation of a new forum, the Loweswater Care Project (LCP), which has used such critiques to guide its ways of approaching the practice of participation. The paper thus provides an empirical case study, showing what might be gained by basing the practice of participation upon critical social science theory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Antiviral provision remains the focus of many pandemic preparedness plans, however, there is considerable uncertainty regarding antiviral compliance rates. Here we employ a waste water epidemiology approach to estimate oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) compliance. Oseltamivir carboxylate (oseltamivir's active metabolite) was recovered from two waste water treatment plant (WWTP) catchments within the United Kingdom at the peak of the autumnal wave of the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 pandemic. Predictions of oseltamivir consumption from detected levels were compared with two sources of national government statistics to derive compliance rates. Scenario and sensitivity analysis indicated between 3–4 and 120–154 people were using oseltamivir during the study period in the two WWTP catchments and a compliance rate between 45–60%. With approximately half the collected antivirals going unused, there is a clear need to alter public health messages to improve compliance. We argue that a near real-time understanding of drug compliance at the scale of the waste water treatment plant (hundreds to millions of people) can potentially help public health messages become more timely, targeted, and demographically sensitive, while potentially leading to less mis- and un-used antiviral, less wastage and ultimately a more robust and efficacious pandemic preparedness plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Black Tor Copse is one of three small oakwoods growing in isolated positions amongst granite blocks on steep slopes at > 250 m altitude on Dartmoor, an upland area of moorland in south-west England. (2) The trees of these oakwoods are distinctive in growth form and height. Some are procumbent, while upright trees are from 2 to 12 m tall. Most are of gnarled and twisted appearance. (3) Historical .records show that grazing by cattle, sheep and horses of the moorland surrounding Black Tor Copse has been intense for at least 700 years, and that the woodlands have had much the same appearance for at least 400 years. (4) Observations show that tree growth outside Black Tor Copse is probably limited primarily by soil waterlogging and only secondarily by grazing. There is no evidence of management as a timber source. Grazing has probably limited the distribution of trees within the edaphically suitable area. (5) Analyses of tree size, age and density suggest that different parts of Black Tor Copse have arisen during different periods of regeneration, and that competition within dense stands is the underlying cause of mortality. (6) Regeneration from seed takes place only in open sites offering some protection from grazing. Such sites probably arise as a result of a phase of canopy degeneration. There is some evidence of regeneration from old stools after wind-blow. (7) It is concluded that at present regeneration is sufficient to sustain the woodland canopy at Black Tor Copse. Year-to-year changes in effects of grazing, stock numbers, tree regeneration and mortality need to be monitored to allow prediction of any major changes in the state of the woodland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details are given of four interesting new palaeobotanical records from an Ipswichian (last) Interglacial site in the East Midlands of England. The taxa are considered in the context of the site, and a brief review is presented of their Tertiary and Pleistocene history and present ecology, with some discussion of the phytogeographical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the biology, numbers, growth and production of the indigenous trout, Salmo trutta in Cow Green Reservoir, upper Teesdale, following impoundment in 1970. Comparisons made with pre-impoundment results; Reservoir trout spawned in autumn in afferent streams; Entry of the trout into the reservoir from afferent streams.

Evaluates the use of two different survey techniques for providing an estimate of the size of the common seal population on Orkney, England. Aerial and boat surveys conducted; Number of seals found hauled-out on the survey made during the moult; Recommendation regarding future estimates of population size.