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Lithium‐sulfur batteries utilizing sulfide solid electrolytes hold considerable potential for achieving both high energy density and enhanced safety. However, the substantial volume changes experienced by sulfur during cycling result in mechanical stress accumulation, leading to mechanical degradation and thereby degrading overall electrochemical performance. In this study, a stress‐buffer strategy is proposed to address this challenge by engineering a mechanically resilient crosslinked structure for the composite sulfur cathode. This structure is accomplished through the integration of a highly flexible thermoplastic elastomer (ethylene vinyl acetate, EVA), which enables stress release during sulfur volume variations by the repeated stretching and shrinking of EVA, thereby maintaining stable ionic/electronic diffusion channels within the electrode. By virtue of the mechanically stable architecture, the stress evolution experienced by the entire sulfur electrode is substantially reduced, witnessing a remarkable decrease of ≈33.7%. Consequently, the S‐EVA composite cathode demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance, especially cycling stability. Notably, the S‐EVA composite cathode, with a high loading of 7.5 mg cm−2, exhibits stable cycling performance close to 3.0 mAh cm−2 within 50 cycles. This work not only offers novel insights into mitigating the mechanical stress within the electrode but also paves the way for developing durable high‐performance all‐solid‐state batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With abundant electroactive sites and rapid ion diffusion paths, ultrathin dichalcogenides such as MoS2 demonstrate enormous potential as anodes for sodium/potassium‐ion batteries (SIBs/PIBs). However, ultrahigh‐aspect‐ratio nanosheets are very easy to aggregate and re‐stack, drastically weakening their intrinsic merits. Here a sustainable dichalcogenide anode is designed via crumpling carbon‐pillared atomic‐thin MoS2 nanosheets with CNTs into an elastic ball structure (C‐p‐MoS2/CNTs). In this architecture, the glucose‐derived carbon pillars atomic‐thin MoS2 nanosheets and broadens interlayer spacing, ensuring fast Na+/K+ diffusion; CNTs act as 3D scaffolds to impede re‐stacking of MoS2 while providing high‐speed pathways for electrons; the integration of flexible atomic‐thin sheets and high‐toughness CNTs further endows the balls with great elasticity to release the cycling stress. Consequently, the C‐p‐MoS2/CNTs material delivers high reversible capacities, outstanding cycling stability, and superior rate performance as anodes for both SIBs and PIBs. Pairing with Na3V2(PO4)2F3 cathode, the sodium‐ion coin‐cell could operate at a rate up to 50 C at high mass loading of 9.4 mg cm−2 and manifest ultrastable cycling stability at 40 C over 600 cycles. Impressively, the assembled pouch cell can be cycled stably with a high energy density of 188 Wh kg−1. This study is anticipated to provide inspiration for designing innovative metal dichalcogenides as battery anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bullying, suicide, and self‐injury are significant issues among young people. Extensive research has documented bullying victimization associations with suicidal ideation and self‐injury; however, the modeling approaches used have mostly not addressed the relations between these constructs at the within‐person level, and it is these links that are critical for testing developmental theories and guiding intervention efforts. This examined the within‐person, bidirectional relations between these constructs in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Methods: Participants were from the Zurich Project on Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (z‐proso). Random intercept cross‐lagged panel models (RI‐CLPMs) were fit to general and sexual bullying victimization and suicidal ideation data at ages 15, 17, and 20 (n = 1465), and general and sexual victimization and direct self‐injurious behavior data at ages 13, 15, 17, and 20 (n = 1482). Results: There was a positive within‐person effect of age 15 general bullying victimization on age 17 suicidal ideation (β =.10) and age 17 suicidal ideation on age 20 general bullying victimization (β =.14). Conclusions: General bullying victimization and suicidal ideation may have detrimental effects on each other over development but at different stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrode microstructure is one of the primary factors determining the electrochemical properties of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). However, the key principles of electrode design to realize fast ionic/electronic transport pathways are not well elucidated. Herein, the correlation between electrode microstructure and electrochemical behaviors is studied through different electrode design in terms of energy‐density‐related electrode composition and Ni‐rich layered oxides particle size distribution. A positive relation between particle size and mass fraction in electrode design is revealed, that is, as the particle size increases, more cathode materials are required to enable the fast reaction kinetics. The well interconnected active particles and solid electrolytes construct the highly percolated ionic/electronic transfer networks, which determines the overall electrochemical properties. The findings in this work give a new insight into electrode design to promote the development of high‐energy and high‐power ASSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the mechanism underlying signal variation is an important goal in the study of animal communication. Several potential causes have been proposed for signal variation, including environmental noise (e.g. wind, sound), energy limitation, and predation risk, among others, but the physiological control of many signals are often unclear. Here, we examined the correlation between tail display signal variation and energy metabolic activity using an Asian agamid lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii. Individual tail display signals were observed in the field, and blood lactate concentration as well as 2 energy metabolic enzymes was assayed. Our results showed that average tail coil speed was positively associated with blood lactate concentration, while tail coil duration was negatively associated with LDH activity. We also found that average tail lash speed was positively associated with blood lactate concentration, suggesting that the tail display behavior of P. vlangalii was regulated by anaerobic metabolism. Furthermore, the correlation between tail display behavior and energy metabolism was not sex‐dependent. Taken together, our research provides insight into the physiological mechanisms underlying tail display variation in lizards, and suggests that tail display variation likely transmits important information on individual body condition and resource holding potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary A novel hybrid‐multiplexed fifteen‐switch converter (HM‐15SC) topology, which can simultaneously output a set of three‐phase AC and three sets of DC, is proposed to address the problems of a single type of power electronic converter and the complexity of coordinated control of AC/DC hybrid systems for smart grid. In this paper, we conduct a detailed analysis of the topology and operating principles of HM‐15SC. This includes an examination of the converter's effective switching states in relation to output voltage, current paths, and maximum voltage stress. In addition, a modulation strategy combining single‐leg independent model prediction current control (SL‐MPCC) and time‐sharing cooperative (TSC) ideas is proposed to establish a single‐leg AC current prediction model, which effectively reduces the prediction arithmetic under the premise of realizing three‐leg independent prediction control and optimal control of AC/DC hybrid outputs. Finally, we verify the feasibility and superiority of the proposed HM‐15SC topology and its modulation strategy using the Typhoon HIL 402 platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has seen an explosion in popularity in recent years; however, an improved understanding of how to minimise (selective) non‐adherence is needed. Methods: We examined a range of respondent characteristics predictors of adherence (defined as the number of EMA surveys completed) in the D2M EMA study. Participants were a sample of n = 255 individuals drawn from the longitudinal z‐proso cohort who completed up to 4 EMA surveys per day for a period of 2 weeks. Results: In unadjusted analyses, lower moral shame, lower self‐control, lower levels of self‐injury, and higher levels of aggression, tobacco use, psychopathy, and delinquency were associated with lower adherence. In fully adjusted analyses with predictors selected using lasso, only alcohol use was related to adherence: beer and alcopops to higher adherence and spirits to lower adherence. Conclusions: These findings provide potential insights into some of the psychological mechanisms that may underlie adherence in EMA. They also point to respondent characteristics for which additional or tailored efforts may be needed to promote adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: In advanced, platinum resistant or refractory ovarian cancer (OC), the therapeutic efficacy of carboplatin is controversial. Although anti‐programmed death‐1/programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) pathway blockages show great potential in cancer treatment, the antitumor effect of single anti‐PD‐L1 pathway monoclonal antibody (mAb) is not obvious in advanced or some poorly immunogenic tumors, including OC. We compared the effects of single or combined carboplatin and anti‐PD‐L1 mAb treatments and explored the possible antitumor mechanisms in a murine ID8 OC model. Methods: C57BL/6 mice with established peritoneal ID8 OC were intraperitoneally injected with single or combined carboplatin and anti‐PD‐L1 mAb. The formation time of ascites and their overall survival were recorded. The compositions of tumor‐associated immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: A single treatment of carboplatin and combined carboplatin/PD‐L1 mAb induced a strong anti‐ascites response. Mice treated with carboplatin presented the longest overall survival, followed by the combined remedy. Mechanistic investigation of the tumor microenvironment revealed that carboplatin and carboplatin/PD‐L1 mAb increased antitumor effector CD4+, CD8+ T cells and decreased immunosuppressive regulatory T and myeloid suppressor cells, giving rise to remarkably higher ratios of effector CD4+, CD8+ T cells to regulatory T cells and myeloid suppressor cells in the peritoneal cavity. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report to compare the antitumor effect and potential mechanisms between carboplatin, PD‐L1 mAb and their combination strategies in a murine ID8 OC model. The results of this study may deepen our understanding of OC and aid future preclinical experiments or clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methodologies are commonly used to illuminate the predictors and impacts of experiencing subjective stress in the course of daily life. The validity of inferences from this research is contingent on the availability of measures of perceived momentary stress that can provide valid and reliable momentary stress scores. However, studies of the development and validation of such measures have been lacking. In this study, we use an EMA data collection design to examine the within‐ and between‐ person reliability and criterion validity and between‐person gender measurement invariance of a brief EMA‐adapted measure of a widely used trait measure of stress: the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Scores showed high internal consistency reliability and significant correlations with a range of criterion validity measures at both the within‐ and between‐person level. Gender measurement invariance up to the scalar level also held for scores. Findings support the use of the EMA‐adapted PSS presented in the current study for use in community‐ascertained samples to address research questions relating to the influences on and effects of momentary stress and their gender differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emphasis on renewable energy and concerns about the environment have led to large-scale wind energy penetration worldwide. However, there are also significant challenges associated with the use of wind energy due to the intermittent and unstable nature of wind. High-quality short-term wind speed forecasting is critical to reliable and secure power system operations. This article begins with an overview of the current status of worldwide wind power developments and future trends. It then reviews some statistical short-term wind speed forecasting models, including traditional time series approaches and more advanced space-time statistical models. It also discusses the evaluation of forecast accuracy, in particular, the need for realistic loss functions. New challenges in wind speed forecasting regarding ramp events and offshore wind farms are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four mononuclear complexes were synthesized through simple self‐assembly reactions, [Dy(L1)2(NO3)H2O] (1), [Tb(L1)2(NO3)MeOH] (2), [Ho(L1)2(NO3)H2O] ⋅ 5.5H2O (3) (HL1=4‐bromo‐2‐((quinolin‐8‐ylimino)methyl)phenol), and [Dy(L2)2(NO3)H2O] (4) (HL2=2,4‐dibromo‐6‐((quinolin‐8‐ylimino)methyl)phenol). They are characterized by their structures and magnetic properties. The magnetic data show that the Dy clusters all have obvious frequency‐dependent magnetic behavior and slow magnetic relaxation effects. The complex 1 under an external dc field with the anisotropic barrier of 14.41 K and pre‐exponential factor τ0=2.70×10−6 s, the complex 4 under an external dc field with the anisotropic barrier of 64.36 K and pre‐exponential factor τ0=2.38×10−7 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]