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For the first time, a Co and Fe bimetallic metal‐organic framework (BMOF) nanosheet array (NSA) employing 5,5′,5′'‐(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tris(azanediyl)triisophthalic acid (H6TDPAT) as the organic ligand is in situ controllably self‐assembled on iron foam (IF). The obtained IF@CoFe‐TDPAT NSA exhibits an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity much superior to most reported catalysts and even Ru and Ir‐based ones and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity higher than most metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based catalysts. The excellent bifunctional activities are ascribed to the superhydrophilic (3D) vertically aligned, interconnected NSA of CoFe‐TDPAT MOF with in situ activated coordinatively unsaturated metal sites remarkably enhancing OH− and H2O adsorption, accelerating electron transfer and transport, and facilitating O2/H2 diffusion. When adopted as a bifunctional electrode for overall water splitting, it achieves 300 mA cm−2 at 1.753 V and exhibits negligible current decay after 100 h. This performance is the highest of recently reported noble‐metal‐free water electrolyzers, and even much higher than those using commercial noble metal‐based catalysts. This work offers an economical, facile, and controllable strategy to fabricate low‐cost, highly efficient, and bifunctional BMOF nanostructured array electrodes for large‐current‐density water splitting, and also sheds light on the mechanisms for in situ self‐assembly and outstanding OER and HER performance of 3D free‐standing complex‐organic‐ligand‐based BMOF nanoarchitectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past decades, N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed reactions have emerged as a versatile tool in synthetic chemistry. In particular, NHC‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction has been significantly developed in many respects, including new reaction development and mechanistic investigation. This concept article presents recent advances towards direct cross‐coupling reactions of aldehydes with alkyl halides enabled by NHC organocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the behaviors of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity under the CO2 removal scenario is important for future climate adaptation and policy making. Based on the idealized CO2 ramp‐up (from 284.7 to 1,138.8 ppm) and symmetric ramp‐down experiments, our results suggest an asymmetric and irreversible response of TC potential intensity to CO2 reduction. Potential intensity shows an additional enhancement at the same CO2 level during the CO2 ramp‐down relative to the ramp‐up periods (though with regional differences), and does not completely return to the initial value even when CO2 recovers on multi‐decadal to centennial timescale. The enhanced potential intensity is dominated by the increased thermodynamic disequilibrium, which is mainly attributed to the weakened surface winds arising from the El Niño‐like warming pattern and inter‐hemispheric ocean temperature contrast. Our results highlight the potential risks of stronger storms on the socioeconomic development under the negative carbon emissions pathways. Plain Language Summary: Tropical cyclone (TC) is one of the most destructive natural disasters worldwide. Many studies pointed to the intensification of Tropical cyclones (TCs) in the warming future and thus it is important to limit the amplitude of global warming and mitigate the potential risks of enhanced TCs. This study examines whether TC potential intensity may return to its initial state with the CO2 removal method based on the idealized CO2 forcing experiments, in which CO2 increases from the preindustrial to quadruple level (284.7–1,138.8 ppm) and decreases symmetrically. Our results suggest an asymmetric and irreversible response of TC potential intensity to CO2 removal, with an additional enhancement at the same CO2 level during the CO2 ramp‐down relative to the ramp‐up periods. Moreover, potential intensity does not fully recover to the initial state even when CO2 is restored on multi‐decadal to centennial timescale. The increased potential intensity during the CO2 ramp‐down relative to the ramp‐up periods is dominated by the increased thermodynamic disequilibrium. This is further linked with the uneven sea surface temperature response and the resultant weakened surface wind speed. This study helps understand the response of TC activity under future mitigation pathways and highlights the potential risks of the enhanced storm intensity. Key Points: Asymmetric and irreversible response of tropical cyclone (TC) potential intensity under the symmetric CO2 rising and declining scenarioThe enhancement in TC potential intensity when CO2 recovers is dominated by the increased thermodynamic disequilibriumEl Niño‐like sea surface temperature pattern contributes to the weakened surface winds and thereby increased TC potential intensity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a return‐to‐zero pulse position modulation (RZ‐PPM) impulse tone‐based channel state information (CSI) estimation for adaptive threshold decision (ATD) in free‐space optical (FSO) communications. RZ‐PPM is characterized by impulse tones in the spectrum. Therefore, CSI can be extracted by applying a local oscillator (LO) with the frequencies of impulse tones and low pass filter, which is then used to realize ATD. The proposed method was studied in simulation under RZ‐PPM signals with various number of pulse positions and frequencies of LO. The simulation results show that in FSO communication systems, the use of optimized weighting factor for impulse tone CSI estimation method significantly improves the performance in the absence of accurate CSI, approaching the performance of the traditional ATD with precise CSI knowledge. It proves that the proposed technique was feasible for adaptation in FSO communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting non‐visual light into photocurrent while maintaining high visual transparency is vital for semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) application, yet often challenging over insufficient invisible light‐harvesting. Herein, spectrally selective optical manipulation for ST‐OSCs with high visual light transparency and full‐spectral non‐visual light reflection is proposed by matching the optical admittance of ultrathin Ag films using ZnS and MgF2. The reflection of optically enhanced ST‐OSCs at the spectral region beyond the human eye's response spectrum is improved and the transmission in the visual region is simultaneously enhanced. By further integrating an anti‐reflective structure, the optimal structure boosts the average visible transmittance and power conversion efficiency of ST‐OSCs to 44.3% and 12.6%, respectively, yielding a record light utilization efficiency of 5.6%. Corresponding flexible ST‐OSCs with high mechanical stability implies that this work provides a facile and universal strategy for ST‐OSCs aiming at building integrated photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Single‐balloon enteroscopy (SBE) is an effective tool for the detection of small intestine lesions. Because it is conventionally performed by two operators, the efficacy of single‐operator SBE method has not yet been elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield, total enteroscopy rate, procedure time, and complications of single‐operator SBE for small intestinal disease. Methods: This was a single‐center, retrospective study including consecutive patients who underwent single‐operator SBE for suspicious small intestinal disorders or required therapeutic interventions between December 2014 and January 2019. The SBE procedures were performed by four endoscopists. Diagnostic yield, total enteroscopy rate, procedure time, incubation depth, and complications were analyzed, and stratification analysis was performed. Results: Altogether 922 patients with 1422 SBE procedures were included for analysis, among whom 250, 172, and 500 patients underwent SBE via the oral route, the anal route and a combined route, respectively. The overall diagnostic yield was 78.52% (724/922). And 253 patients achieved total enteroscopy, with a total enteroscopy rate of 56.10%. The average procedure time for the oral and anal routes were 69.28 ± 14.72 min and 64.95 ± 13.87 min, respectively. While the incubation depth was 389.95 ± 131.42 cm and 191.81 ± 83.67 cm, respectively. Jejunal perforation was observed in one patient, which was managed by endoclips. Stratification analysis showed that the diagnostic yield and total enteroscopy rate significantly increased with operation experience together with decreased procedure time. Conclusion: Single‐operator SBE is effective and safe for the detection of small intestinal lesions, and is easy to master. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of body mass index (BMI)‐based individualized small bowel preparation for computed tomography enterography (CTE). Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study, patients undergoing CTE were randomly assigned to the individualized group or standardized group. Those in individualized group were given different volumes of mannitol solution based on BMI (1000 mL for patients with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, 1500 mL for patients with 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2 and 2000 mL for patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) while patients in the standardized group were all asked to consume 1500‐mL mannitol solution. CTE images were reviewed by two experienced radiologists blindly. Each segment of the small bowel was assessed for small bowel image quality and disease detection rates. Patients were invited to record a diary regarding adverse events and acceptance. Results: A total of 203 patients were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. For patients with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, 1000‐mL mannitol solution permitted a significantly lower rate of flatulence (P = 0.045) and defecating frequency (P = 0.011) as well as higher acceptance score (P = 0.015), but did not affect bowel image quality and diseases detection compared with conventional dosage. For patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, 2000‐mL mannitol solution provided better overall image quality (P = 0.033) but comparable rates of adverse events and patients' acceptance compared with conventional dosage. Conclusions: Individualized bowel preparation could achieve both satisfactory image quality and patients' acceptance thus might be an acceptable alternative in CTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During past glacial‐interglacial cycles, the boreal summer insolation is the most crucial external forcing for climate change. However, the question of whether summer insolation is a key forcing on temperatures in the boreal tropics remains under debate, hampering our understanding of climate change at low latitudes. To shed further light on this issue, we performed a series of equilibrium simulations with the NorESM‐L model over the past 425 ka. Our simulations show that in the boreal tropical monsoon region, the simulated annual temperature is anti‐phased towards the boreal summer insolation. This antiphase relation is also supported by some available geological data. Additional diagnostic analyses reveal that the tropical warmth throughout the year is more reliant on winter temperatures than on summer temperatures. This stands in contrast to the situation in middle to high latitudes, particularly in the Mediterranean region. Further correlation analysis and spectrum analysis suggest that the annual temperature in boreal tropics is highly linked to local winter insolation. Our results highlight complex hydrothermal configurations in the boreal tropics, suggesting a decoupling of temperature and precipitation. Specifically, variations in annual temperature and precipitation in the boreal tropics are driven by distinct patterns of seasonal insolation. We deduce that the unique hydrothermal configurations in North Africa may have influenced the dispersal of early humans out of Africa. Plain Language Summary: On the orbital timescale, whether the temperature in boreal tropics is driven by boreal summer insolation still remains unclear. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of simulated results spanning the 425 ka. Our findings indicate that the annual temperature in boreal tropics is anti‐phased to the local summer insolation. Specifically, when local summer insolation is high (low), overall cooling (warming) occurs in the North African and South Asian monsoon regions. Some available paleo‐temperature records from the tropics also provide partial support for our simulation results. The temperature pattern in the boreal tropics is linked to the strong internal feedback in the summer from the unique climate background of the tropics, which results in relatively slight summer cooling at high boreal summer insolation, while the annual temperature is largely dependent on winter temperatures driven by local winter insolation. Our simulations reveal highly complex hydrothermal configurations in the boreal tropics on the orbital timescale, suggesting a decoupling of temperature and precipitation, with the former influenced by winter insolation and the latter forced by summer insolation. Key Points: The temperature in boreal tropical monsoon regions is anti‐phased to the boreal summer insolationThe annual temperature in boreal tropics is more dependent on the winter than summer temperaturesThe key role of local winter insolation in regulating the boreal tropical temperature is closely linked to its unique climatic background [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the background of unbalanced global energy distribution and increased exogenous shocks to energy trade, major countries bear special responsibilities for energy security and the achievement of greenhouse gas emission reduction under the Paris Agreement. Stabilizing energy supply chains and deploying renewable energy on a large scale are seen as fundamental ways to address both issues. To this end, this paper uses a sample of G20 countries covering the period 1980–2020 to estimate the links between energy import dependence, renewable energy deployment, and carbon emissions per capita. The results indicate that the energy import dependence of G20 countries can act as a combined brake on carbon emissions in large developed countries and emerging market countries, suggesting that global energy trade also has an additional role in reducing carbon emissions. Oil import dependence as one of the robustness check strategies further confirms these findings. The impact mechanism estimates imply that the channel for reducing carbon emissions of energy import dependence was to prompt countries to accelerate renewable energy deployment. Within the established framework of energy demand and economic growth, the universal deployment of renewable energy is a fundamental way to achieve environmental friendliness. These findings provide insights into multinational coordinated policies that ensure open and cooperative international energy markets and a transnational energy trading system that puts humanity on a path to global carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast motion and high adaptability are crucial for the practical applications of miniature robots. However, combining these capabilities into a single robot skillfully is challenging, particularly in the domain of miniature structural design. Inspired by the amphibious motion of crocodiles in nature, a hollow piezoelectric miniature robot (HPMR) is proposed. The key benefit of the HPMR is to concurrently output the oscillating motion of the driving foot (oscillating mode) and the rotating motion of the internal rotor (rotating mode). That is, the mode of single‐energy‐input‐multimotion output allows the robot to balance the requirements of speed and adaptability. In the oscillating mode, HPMR can run at speeds of up to 12.3 BL s−1 and realize a displacement resolution of 0.3 μm. Following the conical rotor assembly, the rotor can operate at a speed of 890 rpm, with a displacement resolution of 7.28 mrad. In the rotating mode, the robot demonstrates its multitasking ability in moving amphibiously, carrying loads, running on surfaces with varying roughness, crossing obstacles, and resisting shocks. The results show that the HPMR is capable of fast, high‐resolution moving combined with high adaptability, opening up the possibility of using it for mobile detection tasks in real‐world settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving circularly polarized organic ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (CP‐OURTP) with a high luminescent dissymmetry factor (glum) is crucial for diverse optoelectronic applications. In particular, dynamically controlling the dissymmetry factor of CP‐OURTP can profoundly advance these applications, but it is still unprecedented. This study introduces an effective strategy to achieve photoirradiation‐driven chirality regulation in a bilayered structure film, which consists of a layer of soft helical superstructure incorporated with a light‐driven molecular motor and a layer of room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) polymer. The prepared bilayered film exhibits CP‐OURTP with an emission lifetime of 805 ms and a glum value up to 1.38. Remarkably, the glum value of the resulting CP‐OURTP film can be reversibly controlled between 0.6 and 1.38 over 20 cycles by light irradiation, representing the first example of dynamically controlling the glum in CP‐OURTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodiode‐type solar‐blind photodetectors (SBPDs) with the self‐powered feature hold great promise for applications in unattended secure communication, flame detection, and missile warning. However, the responsivity of SBPDs is usually limited due to the severe solar‐blind (SB) light extinction in substrates and charge transport layers. Herein, a spectrally selective hole extraction structure (SHE) is proposed for high‐efficiency perovskite SBPDs. The SHE consisting of a tandem Fabry–Perot cavity and energy‐level‐matched hole transport layer endows the device with narrowband absorption in the SB region and optimized charge extraction capability from the CsPbI2Br perovskite. The optimized SHE exhibits a peak transmittance of 27% at 255 nm and a half maximum at full width of 28 nm. Under SB light illumination, the champion device achieves a responsivity of 56.20 mA W−1 and a detectivity (D*) of 2.86 × 1013 Jones, which are the record values among the reported results. The approach demonstrated here paves the way for the optical and electrical design of perovskite photodetectors with spectrally selective detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Future climate projections suggest a poleward shift of the maximum intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific. However, the global nature of the latitudinal change in TC genesis under global warming remains poorly understood. We show, using large‐ensemble high‐resolution atmospheric model simulations (d4PDF) with four warming scenarios, that the poleward shift is a robust change over the globe, attributable to the weakening of the Hadley circulation. The weakened ascent driven by the upper‐tropospheric warming suppresses the TC genesis within 5°–20° latitudes, whereas the weakened descent enhances the TC genesis in the poleward latitudes. We further estimate the poleward shift of TC genesis to emerge at the 2 K global warming over the Arabian Sea, South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and at the 4 K warming over the North Pacific. The present results underscore the potential for increasing social and economic risks associated with TCs at higher latitudes. Plain Language Summary: Climate models have projected a decrease in TC genesis frequency in future warming. However, the global nature of the latitudinal change in TC genesis under global warming remains uncertain partly due to insufficient resolution as well as the ensemble size of climate model simulations. We show a global feature of the robust poleward shift of the TC genesis during the active seasons of both hemispheres scaled with the global warming level, which can be attributed to the weakening of the Hadley circulation. The weakened ascending branch of the Hadley circulation, driven by the increased upper tropospheric warming, potentially hinders TC genesis within 5°–20° latitudes. Conversely, the weakened descending branch of the Hadley circulation enhances the likelihood of TC genesis within 20°–35° latitudes. We further estimate that the signal of TC genesis is expected to emerge over high latitudes of the Arabian Sea, South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans at the 2 K warming and at the 4 K warming over the North Pacific. The present analyses have significant implications not only for assessing the reliability of future TC‐related changes in climate models but also for estimating the increased TC‐related hazards at higher latitudes under global warming. Key Points: We project a global feature of the robust poleward shift of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis during active seasons of both hemispheresMore TC genesis at high latitudes can be attributed to the weakening of the Hadley circulationPoleward shift of TC genesis emerges at 2 K warming over Arabian Sea, South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and at 4 K warming over North Pacific [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) perovskites are emerging as efficient emitters in blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), while the imbalanced crystallization of the halide‐mixed system limits further improvements in device performance. The rapid crystallization caused by Cl doping produces massive defects at the interface, leading to aggravated non‐radiative recombination. Meanwhile, unmanageable perovskite crystallization is prone to facilitate the formation of nonuniform low‐dimensional phases, which results in energy loss during the exciton transfer process. Here, we propose a multifunctional interface engineering for nucleation and phase regulation by incorporating the zwitterionic additive potassium sulfamate into the hole transport layer. By using potassium ions (K+) as heterogeneous nucleation seeds, finely controlled growth of interfacial K+‐guided grains is achieved. The sulfamate ions can simultaneously regulate the phase distribution and passivate defects through coordination interactions with undercoordinated lead atoms. Consequently, such synergistic effect constructs quasi‐2D blue perovskite films with smooth energy landscape and reduced trap states, leading to pure‐blue PeLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.32 %, spectrally stable emission at 478 nm and the prolonged operational lifetime. This work provides a unique guide to comprehensively regulate the halide‐mixed blue perovskite crystallization by manipulating the characteristics of grain‐growth substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new sesquiterpene‐hydroquinone hybrids, saromacrophorins A–C (1–3) were isolated from the deep‐sea‐derived fungus Sarocladium terricola 494a, along with nine known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD calculations. Noteworthily, compound 1 is a rare 5′,6′‐dihydroxymacrophorin and compound 3 is the first example of macrophorin possessing 4′S‐configuration. Compound 4 showed potent anti‐food allergic activity with an IC50 value of 18.9 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are promising medical counseling tools, but the reliability of responses remains unclear. We aimed to assess the feasibility of three popular LLMs as counseling tools for Helicobacter pylori infection in different counseling languages. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between November 20 and December 1, 2023. Three large language models (ChatGPT 4.0 [LLM1], ChatGPT 3.5 [LLM2], and ERNIE Bot 4.0 [LLM3]) were input 15 H. pylori related questions each, once in English and once in Chinese. Each chat was conducted using the “New Chat” function to avoid bias from correlation interference. Responses were recorded and blindly assigned to three reviewers for scoring on three established Likert scales: accuracy (ranged 1–6 point), completeness (ranged 1–3 point), and comprehensibility (ranged 1–3 point). The acceptable thresholds for the scales were set at a minimum of 4, 2, and 2, respectively. Final various source and interlanguage comparisons were made. Results: The overall mean (SD) accuracy score was 4.80 (1.02), while 1.82 (0.78) for completeness score and 2.90 (0.36) for comprehensibility score. The acceptable proportions for the accuracy, completeness, and comprehensibility of the responses were 90%, 45.6%, and 100%, respectively. The acceptable proportion of overall completeness score for English responses was better than for Chinese responses (p = 0.034). For accuracy, the English responses of LLM3 were better than the Chinese responses (p = 0.0055). As for completeness, the English responses of LLM1 was better than the Chinese responses (p = 0.0257). For comprehensibility, the English responses of LLM1 was better than the Chinese responses (p = 0.0496). No differences were found between the various LLMs. Conclusions: The LLMs responded satisfactorily to questions related to H. pylori infection. But further improving completeness and reliability, along with considering language nuances, is crucial for optimizing overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The amoxicillin dose used in dual therapy to eradicate Helicobacter pylori varies across studies and the optimal amoxicillin dose for vonoprazan‐based dual therapies remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of low‐ and high‐dose amoxicillin in vonoprazan–amoxicillin dual therapy. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive systematic review was conducted by searching databases from inception to October 2023. All trials that evaluated the effectiveness and safety of vonoprazan–amoxicillin dual therapy for eradicating H. pylori were included. Pooled eradication rate, incidence of adverse events, relative risks, and 95% confidence intervals are presented. Results: Eighteen studies with 12 low‐dose amoxicillin (VLA) and 13 high‐dose amoxicillin (VHA) arms were included. The pooled eradication rates were 82.4% and 86.8% for VLA therapy, and 86.0% and 90.9% for VHA therapy by the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses, respectively. In the subgroup analysis stratified by duration, the eradication rates achieved in 7 days, 10 days, and 14 days treatments with VLA and VHA dual therapies were 80.8%, 84.2%, 83.1%, and 67.3%, 88.8%, 87.5%, respectively. In the four randomized controlled trials that directly compared VLA and VHA dual therapies, the efficacy was not statistically different in the intention‐to‐treat (76.9% vs 81.4%, p = 0.337) and per‐protocol (81.6% vs 84.0%, p = 0.166) analyses. Additionally, the incidence of adverse events (p = 0.965) and compliance (p = 0.994) were similar in both groups. Conclusion: VLA therapy demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety to VHA therapy, along with regional differences. An appropriately extended treatment duration may be critical for therapeutic optimization of vonoprazan–amoxicillin treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical potential and safety of Moluodan to reverse gastric precancerous lesions. Methods: Patients aged 18–70 years diagnosed with moderate‐to‐severe atrophy and/or moderate‐to‐severe intestinal metaplasia, with or without low‐grade dysplasia, and negative for Helicobacter pylori were recruited in this randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐controlled trial. The primary outcome was the improvement of global histological diagnosis at 1‐year follow‐up endoscopy using the operative link for gastritis assessment, the operative link for gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment, and the disappearance rate of dysplasia. Results: Between November 3, 2017 and January 27, 2021, 166 subjects were randomly assigned to the Moluodan group, 168 to the folic acid group, 84 to the combination group, and 84 to the high‐dose Moluodan group. The improvement in global histological diagnosis was achieved in 60 (39.5%) subjects receiving Moluodan, 59 (37.8%) receiving folic acid, 26 (32.1%) receiving the combined drugs, and 36 (47.4%) receiving high‐dose Moluodan. Moluodan was non‐inferior to folic acid (95% confidence interval: −9.2 to 12.5; P = 0.02). High‐dose Moluodan had a trend for better protective efficacy, though there was no statistical significance. The disappearance rate of dysplasia was 82.8% in the Moluodan group, which was superior to folic acid (53.9%; P = 0.006). No drug‐related serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions: One pack of Moluodan three times daily for 1 year was safe and effective in reversing gastric precancerous lesions, especially dysplasia. Doubling its dose showed a better efficacy trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New two‐dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials are emerging, and their optical parameters urgently need to be acquired experimentally. Most of the reported results come from traditional metrologies used in the past for bulk materials. This unavoidably causes controversy regarding the correctness and accuracy of results, as well as the physical model. Surface/interface plasmon polariton waves are sub‐diffraction‐limited and very sensitive to surroundings. Here, 2D van der Waals materials with metal embodied are presented. Surface/interface exciton‐plasmon polaritons come into being with excitons in 2D transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), which are physically taken as the boundary conditions with complex optical conductivities at the interfaces. Complex optical conductivities of 2D TMDCs are measured by means of interference behavior of surface/interface polariton waves. The size requirement of 2D van der Waals materials becomes relaxed, and complex optical conductivities can be measured for single‐crystalline WS2 and MoS2 monolayers with small sizes. Furthermore, a remarkable capability is manifested by yielding complex optical conductivity of van der Waals heterostructures. The proposed metrology can apply to other newly developed materials with modified underlying physical models, as well as various types of 2D van der Waals materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are emerging as promising candidates for new‐generation high‐definition displays with excellent color purity and low power consumption. Nevertheless, the massive defects at grain boundaries and severe interfacial exciton quenching are critical challenges that hinder the commercialization process of PeLEDs. Herein, a novel and feasible strategy of interfacial molecule control is demonstrated by employing a bifunctional material with abundant phosphine oxide groups to induce strong interaction and exciton management between the perovskite and electron‐transport layers (ETLs). This modification layer is capable of passivating the surface crystal defects and blocking the interfacial exciton transfer simultaneously, contributing to minimized energy loss at the interface. Consequently, the modified PeLEDs with green (at 513 nm), blue (at 488 nm), and red (at 666 nm) emissions achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies of 18.8%, 12.6%, and 12.3%, respectively. This study reveals the importance of interfacial molecule control for reducing the energy loss in PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: After three treatment failures, Helicobacter pylori infection is deemed refractory as antibiotic treatment options become significantly limited. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a 14‐day modified concomitant therapy for managing refractory H. pylori infection. Methods: Patients who had failed to respond to three or more rounds of H. pylori therapies were recruited for this study. They received a 14‐day modified concomitant therapy, including esomeprazole 40 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, and furazolidone 100 mg twice daily and tetracycline 500 mg four times daily. Demographic data, adverse events, and patient compliance were recorded. The presence of H. pylori was reevaluated 6 weeks following treatment. Eradication rate was assessed as the primary outcome. Results: Overall, 59 participants received the 14‐day modified concomitant therapy. In the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses, the eradication rate was 84.7% (50/59) and 89.3% (50/56), respectively. H. pylori was successfully isolated from 75.0% (12/16) of patients. The resistance rate of H. pylori to metronidazole, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin was 91.7% (11/12), 58.3% (7/12), and 50.0% (6/12), respectively. Resistance to amoxicillin, furazolidone, or tetracycline was not observed. The frequency of adverse events was 35.6% (21/59), with no serious adverse events reported. Conclusion: The 14‐day modified concomitant therapy appears to be appropriate for refractory H. pylori infection and is particularly promising for the Chinese population. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to verify its efficacy, especially in the current environment of increasing antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mammalian palatal shelves erupted from maxillary prominences undergo vertical extention, transient elevation, and horizontal growth to fuse. Previous studies in mice reported that the retinoic acid (RA) contributed to cleft palate in high incidence by delaying the elevating procedure, but little was known about the underlying biological mechanisms. Methods: In this study, hematoxylin–eosin and immunofluorescence staining were employed to evaluate the phenotypes and the expression of related markers in the RA‐treated mice model. In situ hybridization and RT‐qPCR were used to detect the expression of genes involved in Wnt signaling pathway. The palatal mesenchymal cells were cultured in vitro, and stimulated with RA or CASIN, and co‐treated with Foxy5. Wnt5a and Ccd42 expression were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. Phalloidin was used to label the microfilament cytoskeleton (F‐actin) in cultured cells. Results: We revealed that RA resulted in 100% incidence of cleft palate in mouse embryos, and the expression of genes responsible for Wnt5a‐mediated noncanonical Wnt signal transduction were specifically downregulated in mesenchymal palatal shelves. The in vitro study of palatal mesenchymal cells indicated that RA treatment disrupted the organized remodeling of cytoskeleton, an indicative structure of cell migration regulated by the small Rho GTPase Cdc42. Moreover, we showed that the suppression of cytoskeleton and cell migration induced by RA was partially restored using the small molecule Foxy‐5‐mediated activation of Wnt5A, and this restoration was attenuated by CASIN (a selective GTPase Cdc42 inhibitor) again. Conclusions: These data identified a crucial mechanism for Wnt5a‐mediated noncanonical Wnt signaling in acting downstream of Rho GTPase Cdc42 to regulate cytoskeletal remodeling and cell migration during the process of palate elevation. Our study provided a new explanation for the cause of cleft palate induced by RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are promising for the realization of highly efficient emitters. However, severe efficiency roll‐off at high brightness still remains as a huge challenge for TADF‐based OLEDs. Herein, rod‐like orange‐red TADF emitters of 2BNCz‐PZ and 2BNtCz‐PZ with acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A‐D‐A) configuration are developed by bearing dihydrophenazine donor and discoidal rigid boron, nitrogen‐contained polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons acceptors. Both emitters exhibit hybrid long‐range/short‐range charge‐transfer excitation for small singlet‐triplet energy splitting, short delayed lifetime, and high photoluminescence quantum yield, leading to fast singlet radiation rate over 107 s−1 and fast reverse intersystem crossing rate over 106 s−1. Furthermore, a horizontal emitting dipole orientation factor over 90% is realized. The optimized orange‐red OLED based on 2BNtCz‐PZ presents a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 31.0% and a slight EQE roll‐off to 22.2% at 1 000 cd m−2 with emission peak over 600 nm. In addition, the single‐emitting layer white OLEDs achieve a maximum EQE of 30.6% due to the use of these orange‐red dopants with intense charge‐transfer absorption band. This work reveals the potential of the rod‐like A‐D‐A configuration for constructing highly efficient orange‐red TADF emitters with low‐efficiency roll‐off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mounting evidence has demonstrated the considerable regulatory effects of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the tumorigenesis and progression of various carcinomas. LncRNA Semaphorin 3B (SEMA3B) antisense RNA 1 (SEMA3B‐AS1) has been found to be dysregulated in a few carcinomas recently. However, its potential function and mechanism in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) have not yet been examined. Here we show that SEMA3B‐AS1 acts as a crucial regulator of CRC progression. We found that SEMA3B‐AS1 expression was downregulated in CRC cell lines and tissues. Downregulation of SEMA3B‐AS1 was significantly associated with poor survival in CRC patients. Overexpression of SEMA3B‐AS1 reduced the cell growth and metastasis of CRC in vivo and in vitro. In addition, SEMA3B‐AS1 promoted the expression of its sense‐cognate gene SEMA3B, a member of the Semaphorin family (SEMAs), by recruiting EP300 to induce H3K9 acetylation at the SEMA3B promoter. Furthermore, we proved that SEMA3B‐AS1 suppressed CRC angiogenesis by affecting the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway activation which was regulated by the SEMA3B‐NRP1 axis. Our work unravels a novel mechanism of SEMA3B‐AS1 in the inhibition of CRC malignant progression and highlights its probability as a new promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mucormycosis is a rare form of invasive, rapidly progressive and lethal opportunistic fungal infection caused by Mucorales. Although Rhizopus arrhizus (R. arrhizus) is the most commonly isolated Mucorales worldwide, infections caused by Apophysomyces variabilis (A. variabilis) are increasing. Objectives and Methods: We present a case of necrotizing fasciitis caused by A. variabilis in an immunocompetent woman. In order to further understand the characteristics of the strain isolated from the patient, we identified the strain through ITS sequencing, assessed the ability to tolerate salt concentrations and temperature conditions, in addition to performing in vitro drug susceptibility testing against common antifungal agents. Results: The strain showed 98.76% identity with A. variabilis in the NCBI database, and it was found to tolerate higher temperatures and salt concentrations than previously reported strains. The strain was sensitive to amphotericin B and posaconazole, but not to voriconazole, itraconazole, 5‐fluorocytosine and echinocandins. Conclusions: This case indicates that Mucorales caused by A. variabilis should be recognised as an emerging pathogen that can cause a high mortality rate in the absence of prompt diagnosis and proper treatment in China, aggressive surgical debridement combined with prompt and appropriate antifungal treatment may improve outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glacier growth affects the local climate, and in turn, can either promote or prohibit its own growth. Such feedback has not been considered in modeling the glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings (TPS) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼28–23 ka). We find that the volume/area of the glaciers simulated by a coupled glacier‐climate model is 20%/10% less than that by a standalone glacier model forced with fixed climate fields; glaciers advance toward their western rims and yet decrease in the interior of TPS. Such changes in spatial patterns improve model‐data comparison. Moreover, the expansion of glaciers warms the winter surface temperature of the eastern TPS and decreases precipitation almost everywhere. These effects are primarily due to the added surface elevation, which blocks the water vapor brought by westerlies and south‐westerlies, reducing precipitation and increasing surface temperatures to the east and northeast of the newly grown glaciers. Plain Language Summary: Depending on their area and volume, glaciers could impact regional atmospheric circulations, temperatures, precipitation, surface properties, etc. Changes in these climate variables would in turn feedback on the glacier growth and retreat. The glacial area over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings (TPS) should be much broader during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than today, but glacier‐climate feedback was largely ignored in previous numerical studies. We show that the feedback significantly alters the simulated glacier area and distribution in LGM glaciers, and helps improve model‐data comparison. When glaciers grow, the surface elevation increases, which intercepts water vapor. Hence, more glaciers will grow along the western rim of TPS and less over the interior when the glacier‐climate feedback is considered. In the meantime, the winter surface temperature of the eastern Tibetan Plateau increases by more than 2 K and the precipitation over most of TPS decreases. Key Points: Coupled modeling of the Last Glacial Maximum glaciers and climate over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings is necessaryThe elevated glaciers blocked water vapor transport, reduced precipitation over most of TPS, and increased winter temperature in eastern TPSThe coupled glacial modeling decreases glacial area, and with changes in spatial distribution better matches the reconstructions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite Light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as a promising technique for future high‐definition displays due to their outstanding electroluminescent characters. However, the development of blue PeLEDs toward practical applications is seriously hindered by their inferior performance, which mainly arises from the detrimental halide ionic behavior and thus severe nonradiative recombination in mixed‐halide blue perovskite materials. Herein, efficient sky‐blue PeLEDs featuring spectrally stable emission at 483 nm are realized by employing bifunctional passivators of Lewis‐base benzoic acid anions and alkali metal cations to simultaneously passivate the under‐coordinated lead atoms and suppress halide ion migration. A decent external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.58% and a maximum EQE of 18.65% are achieved, which is further boosted to 28.82% through the optical outcoupling enhancement. This work demonstrates unique insight into the generality and individuality of this category of benzoates and puts forward a feasible guidance in choosing appropriate additives for efficient perovskite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Lugol chromoendoscopy is the standard technique to detect an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, a high concentration of Lugol's solution can induce mucosal injury and adverse events. We aimed to investigate the optimal concentration of Lugol's solution to reduce mucosal injury and adverse events without degrading image quality. Methods: This was a two‐phase double‐blind randomized controlled trial. In phase I, 200 eligible patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and then were randomly (1:1:1:1:1) sprayed with 1.2%, 1.0%, 0.8%, 0.6%, or 0.4% Lugol's solution. Image quality, gastric mucosal injury, adverse events, and operation satisfaction were compared to investigate the minimal effective concentration. In phase II, 42 cases of endoscopic mucosectomy for early ESCC were included. The patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the minimal effective (0.6%) or conventional (1.2%) concentration of Lugol's solution for further comparison of the effectiveness. Results: In phase I, the gastric mucosal injury was significantly reduced in 0.6% group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistical significance in image quality between 0.6% and higher concentrations of Lugol's solution (P > 0.05, respectively). It also showed that the operation satisfaction decreased in 1.2% group compared with the lower concentration groups (P < 0.05). In phase II, the complete resection rate was 100% in both groups, while 0.6% Lugol's solution showed higher operation satisfaction (W = 554.500, P = 0.005). Conclusions: The study indicates that 0.6% might be the optimal concentration of Lugol's solution for early detection and delineation of ESCC, considering minimal mucosal injury and satisfied image. The registry of clinical trials: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03180944). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy is an effective regimen for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment. No head‐to‐head comparison trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of colloidal bismuth pectin (CBP) in quadruple therapy for eradicating H. pylori. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of CBP quadruple therapy and bismuth potassium citrate (BPC) quadruple therapy for 14 days in the first‐line treatment of H. pylori. Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, non‐inferiority clinical trial, H. pylori‐infected subjects without eradication history were randomized to receive amoxicillin 1 g twice daily, tetracycline 500 mg three time daily, esomeprazole 20 mg twice daily in combination with CBP 200 mg three time daily or BPC 240 mg twice daily for 14 days. 13C‐urea breath tests were used to access the eradication rate at least 4 weeks after treatment. Results: Between April 2021 and July 2022, 406 patients were assessed for eligibility and 339 subjects were randomized. The cure rates (primary outcome) of CBP and BPC quadruple therapy were 90.5% and 92.3% (p = 0.56) by intention‐to‐treat analysis, respectively, and 96.1% and 96.2% (p = 1.00) by per‐protocol analysis, respectively. CBP quadruple therapy was non‐inferior to BPC quadruple therapy in the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analysis (p < 0.025). The frequency of adverse events and compliance were not different among the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Both CBP and BPC quadruple therapy for 14 days provide high efficacy, good compliance, and safety in the first‐line treatment of H. pylori in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters attract considerable attention owing to the advantages of full exciton harvesting, low cost, and environmental sustainability. However, compared to phosphorescent counterparts, the power efficiencies of TADF‐based WOLEDs lag behind. Herein, a newly synthesized TADF emitter named DPPZ‐DMAC featuring near‐zero singlet−triplet splitting and high photoluminescence quantum yield (91.6%) is utilized as an ideal orange‐yellow dopant for realizing a power‐efficient WOLED with a mixed system consisting of a blue TADF sensitizer and a conventional fluorescent host. The balanced carrier transport, modulated energy transfer and exciton harvesting, and less exciton quenching can be realized simultaneously. Eventually, a warm WOLED is achieved with an external quantum efficiency of ≈30%, power efficiency of >80 lm W‐1, turn‐on voltage of 2.5 V, and correlated color temperature of 3600 K. Moreover, the color coordinate of the resulting white emission is close to the standard blackbody radiation and can be precisely tuned inside the specific quadrangles given by the American National Standard Institute (ANSI), revealing a large prospect for indoor health lightings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are receiving great attention owing to their large theoretical energy density, but the shuttle effect and sluggish kinetic conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) seriously restrict their practical applications. Herein, various metal single‐atom catalysts immobilized on nitrogen‐doped Ti3C2Tx (M SA/N‐Ti3C2Tx, M = Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, In, Sn, Pb, and Bi) are successfully prepared by a neoteric vacancy‐assisted strategy, applied as polypropylene (PP) separator coatings to facilitate the fast redox conversion and adsorption of LiPSs for boosting Li–S batteries. Of particular note, among the M SA/N‐Ti3C2Txs, Cu SA/N‐Ti3C2Tx/PP exhibits amazing properties, involving excellent rate performance (925 mAh g−1 at 3 C), superb cycling stability over 1000 cycles, and ultra‐high sulfur utilization even at large sulfur loadings (7.19 mg cm−2; an areal capacity of 5.28 mAh cm−2). X‐ray absorption fine spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that the asymmetrically coordinated Cu–N1C2 moieties act as the active sites, which possess a higher binding energy and a larger electron cloud with LiPSs than pristine Ti3C2Tx, facilitating the adsorption and kinetic conversion of LiPSs effectively. This work may provide new insights into single atom‐decorated ultrathin 2D materials for enhancing electrochemical performance of advanced batteries for energy storage and conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heating is a knotty factor contributing to device degradation of flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs), and thermal regulation plays a crucial role in the realization of long operational lifetime. Herein, a passive cooling strategy for stable FOSCs is proposed by boosting the optical‐thermal radiative transfer to reduce the insufficient thermal dissipation and the elevated temperature caused by irradiation‐induced heating, while retaining their flexibility and portability. A spectrally selective coupling structure consisting of subwavelength hemisphere pattern and distributed Bragg reflector is integrated into FOSCs to collectively enhance out‐coupling of infrared radiation and limit near‐infrared absorption‐induced heat generation, leading to a reduced heat power intensity of 292.5 W cm−2 and the decreased working temperature by 9.6 °C under outdoor sunlight irradiation. The D18:Y6:PC71BM‐based FOSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency of over 17% with a prolonged T80 lifetime as long as one year under real outdoor working conditions. These results represent a new opportunity for enhancing the operational stability of FOSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reciprocal spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) via geometric phase with flat optics provides a promising platform for shaping and controlling paraxial structured light. Current devices, from the pioneering q‐plates to the recent J‐plates, provide only spin‐dependent wavefront modulation without amplitude control. However, achieving control over all the spatial dimensions of paraxial SOC states requires spin‐dependent control of corresponding complex amplitude, which remains challenging for flat optics. Here, to address this issue, a new type of flat‐optics elements termed structured geometric phase gratings is presented, that is capable of conjugated complex‐amplitude control for orthogonal input circular polarizations. By using a microstructured liquid crystal photoalignment technique, a series of flat‐optics elements is engineered and their excellent precision in arbitrary SOC control is shown. This principle unlocks the full‐field control of paraxial structured light via flat optics, providing a promising way to develop an information exchange and processing units for general photonic SOC states, as well as extra‐/intracavity mode convertors for high‐precision laser beam shaping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear conformal transformation provides an effective way to detect orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons, and particularly, their coherent superposition states that are significant for OAM-based technologies. However, these methods have limited applicability--they are applied to single or few separated wavelengths and cannot achieve nondestructive detection--although those features are attractive for practical applications. Here, the second-harmonic spiral transformation is theoretically described and experimentally demonstrated through IR-visible detection of OAM states from 900 to 1400 nm, with a low energy loss of ≈10-6. Remarkably, a record high optical finesse of ≈5.52 is predicted and observed, indicating that a nonlinear enhancement factor resulting from OAM conservation significantly improves separation efficiency. Additionally, this scheme allows flexibility to achieve lower energy losses or higher sensitivity by adjusting phase-matching conditions. These results can be applicable to classical and quantum areas and promote conformal transformation into nonlinear regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduced‐dimensional perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have shown great potential in solution‐processed high‐definition displays. However, the inferior electroluminescent (EL) performance of blue PeLEDs has become a huge challenge for their commercialization. The inefficient domain control [number of PbX6− layers (n)] and deleterious phase segregation make the blue PeLEDs suffer from low EL efficiency and poor spectral stability. Here, a rational strategy for perovskite crystallization control by adjusting the precursor concentration is proposed for improving phase distribution and suppressing ion migration in reduced‐dimensional mixed‐halide blue perovskite films. Based on this method, efficient sky‐blue PeLEDs exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 8.5% with stable EL spectra at 482 nm. Additionally, spectrally stable pure‐blue PeLEDs at 474 and 468 nm are further obtained with maximum EQEs of 4.0% and 2.4%, respectively. These findings may provide an alternative scheme for manipulating perovskite crystallization dynamics toward efficient and stable PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two dual function fluorescent probes P1 and P2 with obvious fluorescence spectrum change were developed for the detection of Zn2+ and H2S. Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the detection mechanism. A further illustration of the fluorescence quenching mechanism was also studied by 1H NMR titration and UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy. Both probes are new compounds containing coumarin structure as fluorophore. They can quantitatively detect Zn2+ and H2S in the concentration range from 0 to 50 μM with excellent selectivity and anti‐interference ability over many metal ions or anions. Most worthy is that probes P1 and P2 have better cell permeability with lower cytotoxicity, which can be used for fluorescence detection in MCF‐7 cells, as well as the detection of exogenous Zn2+ in organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite great advance has been made in multi‐modality treatments for HCC patients, the effectiveness is far from satisfactory with worse survival outcome, which may be partly explainable by the anti‐tumor deficiency of the immune system. It is necessary to clarify the molecular mechanism of HCC immunodeficiency. Here, we demonstrated that carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11 (CHST11) was upregulated in HCC and related to advanced TNM stage. HCC patients with TP53 mutation showed higher CHST11 expression. Survival analysis revealed that CHST11 was an independent prognostic biomarker in HCC. Cellular functional experiments indicated that knockdown of CHST11 in HCC inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis. Gene functional enrichment analyses indicated that CHST11 modulated pathways related to tumor growth, metastasis and immune regulation. Continuative immune‐related analyses revealed that CHST11 expression facilitated Tregs infiltration in HCC and promoted the expression of checkpoints PD‐L1/PD‐1, resulting in the immunosuppression of HCC. Targeting CHST11 may inhibit Tregs infiltration and enhance the antineoplastic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which provides a novel insight into the combination immunotherapy with Treg‐modulating agents and PD‐L1/PD‐1 inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide perovskite materials are emerging as a new promising semiconductor display material owing to their excellent optical and electrical properties. Highly efficient blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are the basis for full‐color displays and solid‐state lighting applications, but their efficiency and stability still lag far behind the red and green analogs. This review focuses on the key effect factors and novel strategies for blue emission PeLEDs. In detail, first effective strategies to obtain blue emission perovskite are discussed, and then the recent progress and strategies in blue emission PeLEDs, including the physical properties and significant improvements based on different structural perovskite materials are systematically elucidated. Finally, the main challenges relating to efficiency, stability, lead toxicity, and fabrication techniques in blue emission PeLEDs are summarized, and the promising research avenues in the future are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskite (MHP) materials have shown great advantages for the next‐generation optoelectronic devices, especially for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), on account of their outstanding photoelectric properties and facile solution processability. However, the performances of red perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) are not ready for commercialization, presumably due to the instability both of the emission spectra and operation conditions, and the toxicity of lead ions. In this review, the structures, physical properties, and preparation approaches of red emissive perovskite materials are first introduced, including 3D bulk perovskites, 2D and quasi‐2D perovskites, and colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (NCs). In addition, several strategies that contribute to the recent development and achievement of red PeLEDs are summarized in detail, mainly involving component engineering, dimension, and phase distribution modulation, ligand engineering, additive engineering, interfacial engineering, and strategies for the light out‐coupling device structure. Moreover, the challenges and corresponding solutions are discussed from three aspects of spectral stability, operational stability, and lead‐free red PeLEDs. Finally, the conclusion and outlook on the promising future of the red PeLEDs are raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan (VPZ) versus proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in clarithromycin‐based bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy (C‐BQT) for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. Methods: Medical records of patients in whom H. pylori was eradicated between 1 July 2018 and 31 December 2021 were retrieved retrospectively from the Outpatient Unit of Qilu Hospital. Efficacy, safety, and compliance were compared between VPZ‐based and PPI‐based C‐BQT, containing vonoprazan 20 mg or proton pump inhibitors (lansoprazole 30 mg or esomeprazole 20 mg), bismuth 220 or 200 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, and clarithromycin 500 mg, twice daily for 2 weeks by 1:1 propensity score matching analysis. The trial was registed on ClinicalTrials.gov (registration no. NCT05301725). Results: The H. pylori eradication rates of VPZ‐based and PPI‐based therapies were 88.8% (151/170) and 87.6% (149/170) in the intention‐to‐treat analysis, 94.1% (144/153) and 91.1% (144/158) in the per‐protocol analysis, respectively. The noninferiority of VPZ to PPI was confirmed in all analyses (P < 0.001). The incidence of adverse events was 30.0% (51/170) and 27.1% (46/170) in the VPZ‐based and PPI‐based groups, respectively. VPZ‐based and PPI‐based therapies were well tolerated and showed good patient compliance without significant differences. Conclusions: VPZ‐based therapy resulted in a satisfactory eradication rate and was well tolerated for H. pylori eradication, which are comparable to PPIs in C‐BQT as a first‐line treatment for H. pylori infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semitransparent organic solar cells (STOSCs) hold great promise for applications ranging from building‐integrated photovoltaics to portable electronic devices, yet often challenging over the realization of color tunability. The structural colors generated by microcavity, subwavelength grating, or photonic crystals are highly dependent on the viewing angle, which limits the application of STOSCs in real scenarios. Herein, the spectrally selective substrates consisting of silica spheres‐based amorphous photonic crystals (APCs) are proposed to unify the optical spectra of STOSCs at different viewing angles. By optimizing the periodicity of APCs, STOSCs exhibit viewing‐angle‐independent reflection with colors varying from blue to pink. The synergetic interplay between the reflection of APCs and the absorption of active layer results in the Janus optical effect that the transmitted light is fixed at blue regardless of the reflected color. The STOSCs on flexible plastic retain the stable color even at bending state. These results pave the way for the potential application of colorful solar photovoltaic glass curtains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deciphering the Meiyu behavior during the Last Interglacial (∼127 ka; LIG) may deepen our understanding of drought and flooding events over East Asia in a warmer‐than‐present world induced by Earth's orbit. Based on dynamical downscaling simulations, we suggested a 15‐ and 30‐day earlier onset and retreat of the Meiyu during the LIG relative to preindustrial, respectively, leading to a shortened Meiyu season. Meantime, extreme precipitation in the Meiyu season became stronger and occurred more frequently. Intensified monsoonal circulation, poleward‐located western North Pacific subtropical high, and poleward shift of East Asian westerly jet during the LIG provided favorable moisture conditions for earlier onset and retreat of the Meiyu. The variations of atmospheric circulations were further regulated by the joint effect of the three oceans and diabatic heating over Tibetan Plateau. Our results highlight an important role of Earth's orbit in the Meiyu and imply more flooding events in a warmer world. Plain Language Summary: The record‐breaking Meiyu in 2020 reemphasizes the importance of investigating the evolution of the rainy season in East Asia. This study reveals the response of the Meiyu to changes in the Earth's orbit during the Last Interglacial (LIG, 130–115 ka)—the warmest interglacial of the past 800 ka and a warmer world comparable to the low emission scenarios at the end of the 21st century. The Meiyu season occurred and ended earlier compared with the present day, and the duration was shortened. Additionally, more frequent and intense extreme precipitation events occurred in the Meiyu season during the LIG. The enhanced East Asian summer monsoonal flow, strengthened western North Pacific subtropical high, and poleward shift of the East Asian westerly jet in June provided favorable conditions for the earlier occurrence and termination of the Meiyu during the LIG. Moreover, changes in the sea surface temperature over the three oceans can jointly influence the Meiyu via triggering Kelvin waves, Rossby waves, and teleconnections by atmospheric circulations, with the contribution from the diabatic heating over the Tibetan Plateau. The results of this study help us better understand the evolution of the rainy season over East Asia in a warmer world. Key Points: Earlier onset and shortened duration of Meiyu season during the Last Interglacial (LIG)Stronger and more frequent extreme precipitation events occurred in Meiyu season during the LIGIntensified monsoonal circulation, poleward‐located subtropical high and westerly jets led to changes in Meiyu during the LIG [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Records from a wide range of geological archives covering the last few glacial‐interglacial cycles show large inconsistencies in the East Asian summer monsoon variability, which severely hampers our understanding of the evolution and potential mechanisms of the regional East Asian climate on orbital timescales. Here, we examine the simulated temperature and precipitation in East Asia based on a series of equilibrium simulations conducted for the past 425 ka, and we investigate the sensitivity of temperature and precipitation to potential forcings. Our simulations show that, in East Asia, the seasonal mean temperature is dominated by a ∼20‐kyr cycle, and the annual mean temperature (AMT) is dominated by a ∼100‐kyr cycle, which is consistent with previous modeling efforts and geological reconstructions. Additional sensitivity experiments indicate that the greenhouse gas concentration, in combination with the ice volume, is the dominant force for the variations of AMT in East Asia on orbital timescales. For the precipitation in East Asia, our equilibrium simulations and additional sensitivity experiments, together with comprehensive model‐data intercomparison analysis, suggest that the cycles of simulated annual mean precipitation over East Asia are highly model‐dependent, although the dominant ∼20‐kyr cycle in summer precipitation appears to be a robust feature. Overall, the results highlight the large model uncertainty with regard to the relative roles of forcings in hydroclimate variations in East Asia on orbital time scales. There is, therefore, an urgent need to implement more realistic precipitation schemes in models in order to decrease the model spread in simulated precipitation. Plain Language Summary: Investigating the dominant cycles of the East Asian climatic elements over past glacial‐interglacial cycles is always an important issue for palaeoclimatologists. To better examine the cycles of temperature and precipitation in East Asia, we conducted a series of equilibrium simulations over the past 425 ka. And we investigate the sensitivity of temperature and precipitation to potential forcings by using several sensitivity experiments. There are two main findings in our study. The annual mean temperature in East Asia is dominated by the ∼100‐kyr cycle, which is forced by the greenhouse gas concentration and ice volumes. However, our simulation results and further investigations together suggest that the cycles of simulated annual mean precipitation over East Asia are highly model‐dependent, though the dominant ∼20‐kyr cycle in summer precipitation remains a robust feature over East Asia. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reduce the uncertainty for the cycles of simulated precipitation in the future. Key Points: In East Asia, the annual and seasonal mean temperatures are dominated by the ∼100‐kyr cycle, and the ∼20‐kyr cycle, respectivelyThe CO2 combined with the ice volume, is the dominant forcing for the variations of annual temperature in East Asia on orbital timescalesThe cycles of simulated annual mean precipitation are highly model‐dependent [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]