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Laser polishing technique is one of the most effective post‐processing methods for 3D‐printed Polylactic acid (PLA) substrates and has gained significant interest of scientific research community in past few years. This paper aims to investigate the effect of fill density, laser power, and scanning speed on the polishing responses of 3D‐printed PLA substrates. These include surface roughness, mass ablation rate, and optical transmittance of PLA substrates printed using the fused deposition modeling technique. The optical transmittance was measured using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy technique and surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscope, and optical microscope. Minimum surface roughness of 1.04 μm was achieved at 5% laser power and 55% fill density constituting a decrease of 61.8% from unpolished PLA (2.735 μm). The lowest mass ablation rate (0.015 μg/pulse) was observed for the specimens with 40% infill density. Higher scanning speed enhanced the molecular bonding in PLA‐55 specimen indicated by increased peak transmittance ratios of CH bonds at stretching (1.021) and bending modes (1.045). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevention of COVID‐19 on a global scale will require the continued development of high‐volume, low‐cost platforms for the manufacturing of vaccines to supply ongoing demand. Vaccine candidates based on recombinant protein subunits remain important because they can be manufactured at low costs in existing large‐scale production facilities that use microbial hosts like Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris). Here, we report an improved and scalable manufacturing approach for the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein receptor‐binding domain (RBD); this protein is a key antigen for several reported vaccine candidates. We genetically engineered a manufacturing strain of K. phaffii to obviate the requirement for methanol induction of the recombinant gene. Methanol‐free production improved the secreted titer of the RBD protein by >5X by alleviating protein folding stress. Removal of methanol from the production process enabled to scale up to a 1200 L pre‐existing production facility. This engineered strain is now used to produce an RBD‐based vaccine antigen that is currently in clinical trials and could be used to produce other variants of RBD as needed for future vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Iliac vein deep venous thrombosis (DVT) ipsilateral to the pancreas transplant can lead to severe leg edema and compromise graft function. Treatment modalities for iliac vein DVT in the pancreas transplant recipient are limited. Methods: Medical records of patients receiving pancreas transplants at a single center from November 1989 to July 2003 were reviewed retrospectively, identifying patients with iliac vein DVT. There were 287 pancreas transplants performed during this time. Pancreas transplantation in all recipients was performed in the right iliac fossa with the arterial supply consisting of a donor iliac artery Y interposition graft. Systemic venous drainage was to the iliac vein. Exocrine drainage was enteric or to the bladder. Results: Four (1.4%) cases of iliac DVT were identified. All patients manifested lower extremity edema ipsilateral to the pancreas transplant. DVT was detected by ultrasound on days 4, 5, 13, and 60 post-transplant. In all cases, the iliac vein caudad to the pancreatic venous anastomosis was noted to be stenotic. Management involved balloon dilatation and endovascular stent placement in one patient, thrombolysis with tissue plasma antigen (t-PA) followed by stent placement in one patient, and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in two patients. All patients had improvement in leg edema and two patients continue to have good pancreatic allograft function. Conclusions: Iliac DVT is a rare complication of pancreas transplantation that usually develops in an area of stenosis caudad to the pancreatic venous anastomosis. Catheter-based treatment modalities with use of endovascular stents for treatment of underlying stenoses can serve as an adjunct in treating these complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delayed graft function (DGF) after renal transplantation is a significant risk factor for early acute rejection and graft loss. Sirolimus (SRL) can be administered in the setting of DGF without exacerbating the impaired renal function after transplantation. We examined a calcineurin-sparing regimen using SRL during the early post-operative period in renal transplant patients with delayed or impaired graft function. A retrospective review of 14 consecutive kidney transplant recipients with delayed or impaired graft function who received SRL was performed. The immunosuppressive regimen consisted of daclizumab induction (2 mg/kg), SRL (5–15 mg load followed by 2–5 mg daily maintenance therapy), corticosteroids, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 1.5–3 g/d). Patients were monitored for allograft function, acute rejection, graft survival, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Serum levels of SRL were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography performed at an independent commercial laboratory. Donors were cadaveric in 13 cases and living related in one. The duration of follow-up was 0.5–5.2 months. Nine patients required hemodialysis after transplantation. The mean time to initiation of calcineurin inhibitors was 21±13 d. Average serum creatinine levels at the initiation of SRL and at 1 month after transplantation were 8.4±2.7 and 2.1±1.2 mg/dL, respectively. There were 2 patients (14%) who experienced acute rejection within the first month after transplantation – 1 with type I (steroid therapy) and 1 with type II (anti-thymocyte therapy). Serum levels of SRL were initially undetectable in the 2 patients with acute rejection. No grafts were lost during the period of follow-up. Three patients developed thrombocytopenia (platelets <100×109) and no patients developed leukopenia. The combination of SRL with anti-CD25 mAb, MMF, and corticosteroids appears to provide effective non-nephrotoxic immunosuppression for kidney transplantation without the need for a lymphocyte-depleting regimen. However, it is important to monitor serum SRL levels to determine the optimal dosing regimen. Furthermore, long-term follow-up of these patients will be helpful to determine whether improved immunosuppression can be achieved with a fully calcineurin-sparing regimen using SRL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) oil on growth performance, hemato‐biochemical, and histopathology of cypermethrin‐intoxicated Nile tilapia. After determining the LC50 (96 h) value of cypermethrin, cypermethrin was added to the water at a ratio of 1:20 of this concentration, and the fish were fed for 42 days. To reduce the effects of cypermethrin, 1% black cumin oil was added to the fish feed as a potential protectant. Growth parameters, hematology, blood biochemistry, and histopathological changes of Nile tilapia were examined after the feeding period. In this study, the best growth was observed in the group fed with feed containing 1% black cumin oil, while the worst growth performance was observed in the group fed with water containing cypermethrin and without black cumin oil in the feed. As a result of the study, it was observed that black cumin oil added to the fish diet reduced the negative effects of water‐borne cypermethrin on growth, hematology, blood biochemistry, and histopathological parameters of Nile tilapia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photonic crystals owe their multitude of optical properties to the way their structure creates interference effects. It is therefore possible to influence the photonic response by acting on their physical structure. In this article, tunable photonic crystals made by elastic polymers that respond to their environment are explored, in particular with a physical deformation under temperature variation. This creates a feedback process in which the photonic response depends on its physical structure, which itself is influenced by the environmental changes. By using a multi‐photon polymerization process specifically optimized for soft responsive polymers such as Liquid Crystalline Networks, highly resolved, reproducible, and mechanically self‐standing photonic crystals are fabricated. The physical structure of the 3D woodpile can be tuned by an external temperature variation creating a reversible spectral tuning of 50 nm in the telecom wavelength range. By comparing these results with finite element calculations and temperature induced shape‐change, it is confirmed that the observed tuning is due to an elastic deformation of the structure. The achieved nanometric patterning of tunable anisotropic photonic materials will further foster the development of reconfigurable photonic crystals with point defects acting as tunable resonant cavities and, more in general, of 4D nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the biomedical field, the use of fluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) region is growing rapidly because it imparts the advantages of reduced autofluorescence and low photon scattering. The advantage of reduced scattering is that it increases penetration depth in vivo and improves imaging clarity. Herein, this work uses mesoporous silica, a biocompatible template that can be easily modified, functionalized, and loaded with drugs for use in several bioapplications. The ZnGa2O4 spinel oxide system is integrated into mesoporous silica and different concentrations of Cr3+ and Ni2+ are loaded in octahedral sites to obtain the highest emission intensity in the NIR‐II region at 1285 nm via energy transfer from Cr3+ to Ni2+. Given that only a few nanophosphor systems with emission in the NIR‐II region are available, this work attempts to establish emission in the NIR‐II and NIR‐I regions to obtain images in vivo with an increased penetration depth to 5 mm and improved clarity for bioimaging purposes. This system will open the door for biomedical research on other NIR‐II nanophosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to study the biogenic synthesis and characterization of Hypecoum pendulum extract‐induced silver nanoparticles (HP‐AgNPs) and to investigate its antioxidant, anti‐alpha‐amylase, and anti‐acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. UV spectrometry at 417 nm with an surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of 1.54 confirmed the biosynthesis of HP‐AgNPs. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that HP‐AgNPs are crystalline with a 36 nm size. The average size of 80 nm was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The functional moieties bearing compounds accountable for the encapsulation and stability of HP‐AgNPs were assessed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique. Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) demonstrated that silver was the main element (49%) of HP‐AgNPs. HP‐AgNPs showed the promising antioxidant potential of ABTS (71.57%), diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 69.46%), H2O2 (66.94%), ferric chloride (73.71%), and ammonium molybdenum (65.7%). HP‐AgNPs exhibited significant enzymatic inhibition potential with IC50 of 48.8 ± 4.03 μg/mL (α‐amylase) and 51.78 ± 3.16 μg/mL (AChE). Kinetics studies showed that HP‐AgNPs produced mixed‐type inhibition against α‐amylase (Km increased from 40.65 to 131.44%, whereas Vmax decreased from 4.14 to 9.77%) and non‐competitive‐type inhibition (Vmax decreased from 17.05 to 62.03% and Km remain constant) against AChE. Finally, it may be concluded that HP‐AgNPs may possess anti‐Alzheimer, anti‐diabetic, and antioxidant capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frequency and distribution of fractures are commonly utilized to assist in interpreting the manner of death. In cases of alleged suicide by hanging, however, the evidence base for the frequency and patterning of laryngohyoid and cervical vertebrae fractures resulting from such blunt force traumatic events is limited and so fractures cannot be reliably used to assist in interpreting the manner. Using meta‐analytic techniques, this study aimed to estimate frequency and distribution of fractures in the context of relevant intrinsic and extrinsic variables. A systematic review of the literature identified 20 studies with relevant data (8523 cases of suicide by hanging). Meta‐analyses identified the frequency and distribution of fractures present and how fracture frequency was affected by the subgroups of age, sex, completeness of suspension, ligature knot position and study design. Results indicated that fracture frequency was variable, there was no unique patterning, and high levels of heterogeneity were present in all variable sub‐groups. Age was the only subgroup to show differences. Findings suggest that neck fracture frequency is inconsistent and cannot be predicted by the chosen variables. Subsequently, neck fractures in isolation should not be given weight in medico‐legal interpretations of a hanging death as suicidal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The form‐stabilized phase change materials (PCMs) comprised of lauric acid (LA), high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and graphene nanoplates‐carbon nanofibers (GNP‐CNF) hybrid fillers were synthesized by melt blending method in this work, and the effects of GNP‐CNF mass ratio on thermal properties were investigated. The results from FT‐IR and XRD reveal that LA, HDPE, GNP and CNF were integrated with each other in a physical manner. The LA/HDPE/GNP‐CNF composites possess melting points very close to that of pure LA, with melting latent heats of 113.83–119.84 J/g. Thermal conductivity results indicate that the effect of GNP is better than that of CNF at the same content. The synergistic effect of hybrid carbon fillers can achieve higher thermal conductivity value compared to a single GNP or CNF. The synergistic thermal conductivity improvement mechanism is also analyzed. The sample SN2 (GNP: CNF is 1.7:0.3) exhibits the best thermal conductivity of 0.759 W/(m·K), with 2.73 times that of SN0. It also presents satisfactory thermal stability and reliability, allowing it to have promising applications in thermal energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we examined the effect of heat and mass transfer flow of two immiscible Jeffrey fluids in a vertical channel. The highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations are evaluated using regular perturbation parameters, for small values of perturbation parameter. The effect of Jeffrey's parameter on the flow and the effects of various physical parameters entering into the problem on dimensionless velocity, temperature, and concentration distribution is illustrated graphically. We observe that the Jeffrey parameter, thermal, and mass Grashof number enhance the fluid flow, while the chemical reaction parameter suppresses the fluid flow, also it is established that the Nusselt number is boosted by enhancing the thermal and mass Grashof number. We observed that the results are in very good agreement with the results obtained for a viscous fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In forensic pathology, deaths due to mechanical injuries (blunt, sharp, and gunshot) require an autopsy in order to determine the cause and manner of death through a detailed examination of viscera, soft tissues, and the skeletal system. Sometimes, such as in cases of severe putrefaction, only the skeleton is observable. In such cases, the absence of bony defects does not mean that a trauma‐related death should not be considered: yet, how often will a lethal mechanical death produce a defect in the skeletal system? The present study involved a retrospective review of autopsy reports to investigate the frequencies of soft tissue and related skeletal injuries in cases of violent deaths. A total of 200 autopsy reports for cases of four mechanisms of injury including sharp force trauma (n = 50), gunshot (n = 50), blunt force trauma (n = 50), and mechanical asphyxia (n = 50) were examined. Manner of death, localization of bone fractures, and correspondence between external injuries and bone fractures were reported. Frequencies of bone fractures and degree of correspondence with soft tissue injuries for each trauma group were evaluated. The result showed that lethal blunt trauma always caused bone fractures; 94.0% of violent deaths by gunshot involved bones; 48.0% of sharp force soft tissue injuries involved the bone tissue; and hyoid bone fractures were observed in 20.0% of cases of mechanical asphyxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the state of the art of the formulation and fabrication of sensible, latent, and thermochemical thermal energy storage (TES) materials with special focus on the role of particle technology in enhancing the performance of these materials. Molten salt‐based sensible TES materials have been intensively studied, particularly the use of doped nanoparticles for enhancing specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity. For latent TES, the inclusion of property enhancers is among the most effective approaches to address the low thermal conductivity and supercooling issues of phase change materials (PCMs), whereas the encapsulation of PCMs and structurally stabilized composite PCMs are the favorable methods to address leakage and chemical incompatibility challenges. Thermochemical TES materials are often incorporated with an inert or an active host matrix for structural stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various waste management strategies have been discussed by the above-mentioned collection of articles including the use of eco-enzymes, flood management, heavy metal pollution management, and the circular economy concept in waste management in developing countries. HEAVY METAL REMOVAL Heavy metal removal in the ecosystem is described in the following six articles. Ratnasari et al. ([19]) evaluated a powerful and flexible mathematical model, modified mass transfer factor model (MMTF), for describing the mechanism of numerous heavy metal and dye pollutants adsorbed onto various adsorbents. The special issue carries 27 articles exploring various aspects of environmental quality including nano adsorbent, waste management, wastewater treatment, and heavy metal removal. [Extracted from the article]

Nanofibers and hydrogels are two forms of biomaterial scaffolds that have different properties and different applications. Polysaccharides have been used for the preparation of both scaffolds due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, our main objective was to compare the tumor cell growth and tumor reduction potential of drug‐loaded scaffolds. This was achieved using different methods for cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal Transition studies, and biomarker expression‐related assays. Anticancer drug doxorubicin was loaded to the scaffolds using adsorption and in vitro and in vivo tumor reduction was also performed. Results showed that both scaffolds supported the growth of cancer cells but did not promote epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. A significant difference in drug release was observed and this may have influenced the in vivo tumor reduction. A fast release of the drug and higher tumor‐reducing potential was observed for hydrogel. The studies confirmed that different types of scaffolds have different properties. Biomedical applications related to the structure can be dissimilar in different scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reports an environmentally safe synthesis of CuO NPs employing Echinophora platyloba DC extract. The production of CuO NPs was authenticated using various analytical characterization techniques such as FT‐IR, TEM, XRD, SEM‐EDX, DLS, zeta potential, and UV‐Vis. The DPPH assay was employed to assess the scavenging efficacy of synthesized CuO NPs. The results of the MTT assay exhibited that CuO NPs have efficient anticancer potential on two used cancer cell lines (MCF‐7 and Burkitt's lymphoma). Thus, it tempts us to study the synthesized CuO NPs biocompatible aspects by interactions with several biologically significant molecules. The present experimental evidence demonstrates the direct interaction of CuO NPs with DNA, which might be one of the credible highways elevating its anticancer potential. Moreover, we investigated the interaction of CuO NPs with the most important blood proteins (HSA, HHb, and Lys) in simulated physiological conditions using spectroscopic methods. The interaction findings suggest that the native conformation of the above proteins was preserved at the level of secondary structure in spite of complex formations with CuO NPs. The binding constant values revealed the greater binding affinity of CuO NPs with HSA, HHb, and Lys as compared to ct‐DNA; the binding affinity was found in the order HSA>HHb>Lys>ct‐DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present research work aims to know the significance of nanofiller aluminum oxide (Al2O3) loading on viscoelastic behavior and ballistic impact behavior of Kevlar/snake grass fiber (SGF) hybrid epoxy composites. A mechanical stirring process was used to modify the epoxy matrix by adding different weights (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) of the nanofiller Al2O3. The manual lay‐up method by subsequent hot pressing was used to create the Al2O3‐added Kevlar/SGF hybrid epoxy composites. The tensile, interlaminar shear, flexural, and impact strength were tested. When compared to the control sample, the 2 wt% filler‐loaded hybrid composites had higher tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and interlaminar shear strength by 6.42%, 6.11%, 53.11%, and 11.08%, respectively. Furthermore, morphological analysis was performed on the mechanically tested samples to forecast the failure mechanism. The 2 wt% filler‐loaded hybrid epoxy composites demonstrated effective interfacial bonding with matrix and minimal fiber pullout, according to micrograph images. The developed hybrid composites were subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The DMA results demonstrated that hybrid composites with 8 wt% filler had better viscoelastic behavior than the control sample. Under a ballistic impact test, the ability of the Kevlar/SGF composites with nano Al2O3 inclusion to absorb energy was assessed. According to the findings, incorporating nano Al2O3 into Kevlar/SGF composites strengthened their ballistic impact resistance and energy absorption. The addition of 8 wt% nanofiller resulted in high energy absorption, according to ballistic impact studies. As compared to the control sample, the composite sample with 8% filler reveals a 68.80% enhanced energy absorption. Furthermore, the composite samples with the optimal wt% Al2O3 nanofiller can be used to mold impact‐resistant materials for a bulletproof vest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting small organic molecules to their lithium salts or polymerization effectively solves the capacity fading caused by the dissolution of small organic molecules in electrolytes. While polymer lithium salts have the characteristics of small molecular lithium salts and polymers and can obtain good cycle stability and rate performance. The 3‐carboxylithium substituted thiophene (3‐TCOOLi) and polymer (P3‐TCOOLi) anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries were synthesized, and their electrochemical properties were compared. Compared with the small‐molecule lithium salt 3‐TCOOLi electrode, the polymer P3‐TCOOLi electrode exhibits superior cycling and rate performance. The P3‐TCOOLi electrode still has a specific capacity of 390 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 50 mA g−1. During the rate charge and discharge process, when the current density increased to 1000 mA g−1, the specific capacity was 305 mAh g−1. It shows that the idea of small molecule lithium salt polymerization is feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental awareness across the world has motivated researchers to focus their attention on the use of cellulosic fiber as reinforcement in polymer matrices. Lignocellulosic fibers are an abundantly available resource in all countries, which is cheap and easily renewable. Also, due to their properties, cellulosic plant fibers exhibit a great potential for use in polymer reinforcement. As a result, considerable research and development efforts have been directed towards the use of cellulosic fibers as a reinforcing material in composites. The use of cellulosic fiber reinforced composites has continuously increased during recent years, which benefits the cultivation of fiber plants and the economy of the country. This research area continues to be of interest to both industry and academia, the use of cellulosic fibers in composite applications being investigated throughout the world. Cellulosic fiber reinforced composites are reasonably strong, lightweight, harmless to human health and the environment, and biodegradable, hence they have the potential to be used in various applications. Recent progress in cellulosic fiber composites research has illustrated their great potential as structural components in automobiles, aerospace structures, construction, and building, and so forth. This study is an effort to create awareness about the research works that have been published in the field of natural fiber composites. This review briefly illustrates the main paths and results of major research published in the field of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. The topics covered include the aspects of fiber treatment to improve the mechanical properties of the composites, manufacturing methods, performance of hybrid composites, effect of laminate configuration, and many different applications of natural fiber composites. By presenting a systematic view of the work performed in this area so far, this review will hopefully serve as a starting point for the development of new ideas in the research on natural fiber polymer composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the appropriate levels of dietary sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) for 29‐ to 70‐day‐old goslings and to investigate the effects of different levels of Na+ and Cl− on the growth performance, water consumption, blood parameters and excreta quality of goslings to provide a reference for the healthy production of goslings. In Experiment 1, a total of 432 29‐day‐old male Jiangnan White goslings were randomly allotted to nine treatments according to a 3 × 3 factorial design, with six pens containing eight birds per treatment. The goslings were fed diets with three concentrations of Na+ (0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%) and three concentrations of Cl− (0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25%). The experimental period was 42 days. In Experiment 2, a total of 24 70‐day‐old Jiangnan White goslings were selected for four treatments (0.10% Na+ × 0.15% Cl−; 0.10% Na+ × 0.25% Cl−; 0.20% Na+ × 0.15% Cl− and 0.20% Na+ × 0.25% Cl−) and housed separately in metabolic cages. The faeces were collected for 3 consecutive days. In Experiment 1, the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain (F/G) ratio of goslings were unaffected by the treatments. However, low levels of Na+ and Cl− significantly reduced the water consumption of goslings in the later growth period (p < 0.05). The average water consumption of goslings fed with 0.10% Na+ × 0.15% Cl− was significantly lower than that of the goslings fed with 0.20% Na+ × 0.25% Cl− (56 days, 1304.2 ml vs. 1471.7 ml; 63 days, 1452.8 ml vs. 1610.8 ml; 70 days, 1540.0 ml vs. 1775.4 ml; p < 0.05). The interaction between Na+ and Cl− (Na+ × Cl−) had a significant impact on the blood haemoglobin (HGB) and haematocrit (HCT) levels in the goslings (p < 0.05). HGB increased linearly with increasing levels of Na+. HGB and HCT first increased and then decreased with increasing levels of Cl−. In Experiment 2, Na+ and Cl− levels had significant effects on the excreta moisture content (p < 0.05). Goslings fed with 0.10% Na+ × 0.15% Cl− had a low moisture content of 5.58% compared to the goslings fed with 0.20% Na+ × 0.25% Cl− (87.51% vs. 93.09%; p < 0.05). The levels of dietary Na+ had a significant effect on the retention ratio of Na (p < 0.05), with the value for the 0.20% Na+ group being significantly higher than that for the 0.10% Na+ group (p < 0.05). In summary, different levels of Na+ and Cl− did not affect the growth of goslings. To reduce the water consumption and moisture content of excreta, the Na+ and Cl− levels in the diet can be as low as 0.10% and 0.15%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The size effect on the fatigue performance of 18CrNiMo7‐6 alloy steel is investigated. From rotating bending fatigue tests at room temperature, the relationship between the stress amplitude and the number of cycles of specimens with different diameters is obtained. The surface topography, residual stress, and fracture surface of the specimen are measured. The results show that the fatigue strength increases with increasing diameter of the specimen. The fracture of the small specimens tends to be brittle fracture, whereas the fracture of the large specimens is inclined to be ductile fracture. The effects of the surface condition, relative stress gradient (RSG), residual stress, and fatigue crack propagation life on the fatigue performance of the alloy are discussed. The reasons for the size effect are interpreted in terms of the change in the RSG caused by residual stress, the trend of the RSG significantly changes with changing specimen size under different stress levels. The crack propagation life of the large specimens is longer than those of the small specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sumithion is an organophosphate insecticide, extensively used to remove tiger bug from aquaculture ponds prior to the release of fish larvae. Its usage in aquaculture may initially assist in insect eradication; however, the harmful effects of sumithion may surpass the beneficial effects and may be alarming for the farmed fish and other aquatic organisms. This study summarizes the consequential effects of sumithion on the natural productivity in aquaculture ponds, and early development, physiological response, and reproductive functions of the farmed fish. Studies have found that sumithion adversely affects the natural production of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos, and reduces the hatching success with increased mortality, and morphological alterations in fish embryos and larvae. Fish haematological and biochemical alterations are also reported to be induced by the exposure to sumithion, as are variety of histopathological alterations and reproductive dysfunctions in exposed fish. Overall, this study is the first comprehensive overview of any insecticide which may advance our understanding of the rational and restricted use of insecticide in aquaculture operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs), thermal safety issues have become increasingly prominent. In the charging and discharging process, a proper battery thermal management system (BTMS) can control the temperature of the power battery pack, which is essential to ensure the performance and safety of EVs. Among various cooling technologies, phase change material (PCM) cooling is widely used in BTMS due to its excellent characteristics, such as simple structure, good cooling effect, and no extra energy consumption. Herein, the research progress of PCM on BTMS is reviewed, including the overview of PCMs, the studies of single PCM‐based BTMS, and the development of hybrid PCM‐based BTMS. The results have found that the cooling performance of PCM‐based BTMS is determined by excellent PCM properties and suitable BTMS structure. In addition, the fin‐enhanced structure and active phase change slurry (PCS) can effectively improve the reliability and flexibility of BTMS applications. The hybrid BTMS consisting of PCM and other cooling technology can promote the heat dissipation of PCM, which helps to solve PCM heat saturation and further reduce the battery temperature. Finally, insufficient studies in current research are pointed out, and a future development direction is also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical, ballistic, and moisture intake properties of luffa fiber reinforced with graphene‐modified epoxy composites were experimentally investigated. The nanofiller graphene particles were modified with a matrix using the mechanical stirring process. The filler (graphene) of size 20 nm is modified with the matrix of different weight percentages 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. The samples for various testings were prepared with different compositions using a hand layup technique followed by compression molding. The results show that tensile, impact, and flexural strength were enhanced with the modification of the filler graphene up to 2 wt%. The ballistic impact results show that energy absorption increases with nanofiller modification. Minimum water intake behavior is observed for the composite samples incorporated with fillers. Failure mechanisms were studied on tensile tested specimens using a scanning electron microscopy. The morphological images showed defects like interfacial behavior, fiber pull out, voids, and internal cracks on the tested specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New triazole‐imidazole and tetrazole‐imidazole hybrids were obtained using 2,4,5‐triaryl‐1‐(4‐aminophenyl) imidazoles by copper‐catalyzedazide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and Ugi‐azidefour‐component(UA‐4CRs) process. The synthesis of triazole hybrids was performed in the presence of new copper‐incorporated white sandstone nanocatalyst, which was fully characterized by different methods. The construction of newly prepared hybrids was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. Some of these compounds were evaluated for their anti‐cancer properties against MCF‐7 cancer cell lines. The absorption and emission parameters of the triazole‐ and tetrazole‐substituted imidazoles were also investigated and compared with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New sustainable carbon materials were synthesized from a low‐price and eco‐friendly carrot via hydrothermal reaction and carbonization approach. Afterwards, palmitic acid (PA) was impregnated into the carrot‐derived carbon material (CCM) to prepare PA@CCM composites through vacuum impregnation method. The thermal properties and shape stability of PA@CCM composites were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal conductivity and thermal cycling tests. Owing to the special hybrid microstructure of the CCMs, the loading ratio of PA in PA@CCM composites could reach up to 85.3 % with the latent heat of 166.4 J g−1. More importantly, the PA@CCM composites show negligible leakage above the melting point of PA, exhibiting excellent shape stability. Compared with pristine PA, the thermal conductivity of PA@CCM composites could greatly enhanced by 145.5 %. Thus, PA@CCM composites can be considered as a promising candidate for thermal energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trauma is the third leading cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular and oncologic diseases. Predominant causes of trauma-related death (TD) are severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), hemorrhagic shock, and multiple organ failure. An analysis of TD is required in order to review the quality of trauma care and grasp how well the entire trauma network functions, especially for the most severely injured patients. Furthermore, autopsies not only reveal hidden injuries, but also verify clinical assumed causes of death. Material: During the study period of 3 years, a total of 517 trauma patients were admitted to our supraregional University Centre of Orthopaedics and Traumatology in Dresden. 13.7% (71/517) of the patients died after trauma, and in 25 cases (35.2%), a forensic autopsy was instructed by the federal prosecutor. The medical records, death certificates, and autopsy reports were retrospectively evaluated and the clinical findings matched to autopsy results. Results: The observed mortality rates (13.7%) were 4.2% less than expected by the calculated RISC II probability of survival (mortality rate of 17.9%). The most frequent trauma victims were due to falls >3 m (n = 29), followed by traffic accidents (n = 28). The median ISS was 34, IQR 25, and the median New ISS (NISS) was 50, IQR 32. Locations of death were in emergency department (23.9%), ICU (73.2%), OR and ward (1.4%, respectively). Clinicians classified 47.9% of deaths due to sTBI (n = 34), followed by 9.9% thoracic trauma and multiple organ failure (n = 7), 8.4% multiple trauma (n = 6), and 2.8% hypoxia and exsanguination (n = 2). In 18.3%, cases were unspecific or other causes of death recorded on the death certificates. Evident differences with evident clinical consequences were ascertained in 4% (n = 1) and marginal clinical consequences in 24% (6/25). In 16% (4/25), marginal differences with minor forensic consequences were revealed. Conclusions: Even in a supraregional trauma center, specialized in multiple trauma management (4.2% survival benefit), room for improvement exists in more than a quarter of all casualties. This underlines the need for higher autopsy rates to uncover missed injuries and to understand the pathomechanism in each trauma fatality. This would also help to uncover potential insufficiencies in clinical routines with regard to diagnostics. The interdisciplinary cooperation of trauma surgeons and forensic pathologists can increase the quality of trauma patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal energy storage technologies based on phase‐change materials (PCMs) have received tremendous attention in recent years. These materials are capable of reversibly storing large amounts of thermal energy during the isothermal phase transition and offer enormous potential in the development of state‐of‐the‐art renewable energy infrastructure. Thermal conductivity plays a vital role in regulating the thermal charging and discharging rate of PCMs and improving the heat‐utilization efficiency. The strategies for tuning the thermal conductivity of PCMs and their potential energy applications, such as thermal energy harvesting and storage, thermal management of batteries, thermal diodes, and other forms of energy utilization, are summarized systematically. Furthermore, a research perspective is given to highlight emerging research directions of engineering advanced functional PCMs for energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to explore the possible deleterious impacts of acrylamide (ACR) on catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The estimation of mortalities, the examination of the clinical picture, the evaluation of blood parameters, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the histopathological picture were performed in the liver, kidney, and brain samples of the experimentally ACR‐exposed catfish. The 96 hours LC50 value was estimated to be 133 mg/L by the hydrostatic method. Fish were reared in water containing four different concentrations of ACR as follows: 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of the estimated LC50 for 2 weeks. Abnormal behavioral, clinical, and postmortem responses were depicted. The anemic response including significant decreases in red blood cells, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume following the ascending concentrations of ACR were recorded. The malondialdehyde was significantly increased, whereas reduced glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity were significantly decreased. The DNA fragmentation assay illustrated a clear laddering pattern in all the tested organs. Notably, the brain was the most influenced organ. It is presumed that ACR contamination showed adverse impacts on the catfish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing engineering materials with high stiffness and high toughness is challenging as stiff materials tend to be brittle. Many biological materials realize this objective through multiscale (i.e. atomic‐ to macroscale) mechanisms that are extremely difficult to replicate in synthetic materials. Inspired from the architecture of such biological structures, we here present flow‐assisted organization and assembly of renewable native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), which yields highly anisotropic biofibers characterized by a unique combination of high strength (1010 MPa), high toughness (62 MJ m−3) and high stiffness (57 GPa). We observed that properties of the fibers are primarily governed by specific ion characteristics such as hydration enthalpy and polarizability. A fundamental facet of this study is thus to elucidate the role of specific anion binding following the Hofmeister series on the mechanical properties of wet fibrillar networks, and link this to the differences in properties of dry nanostructured fibers. This knowledge is useful for rational design of nanomaterials and is critical for validation of specific ion effect theories. The bioinspired assembly demonstrated here is relevant example for designing high‐performance materials with absolute structural control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burn injuries constitute a major public health problem and account for a significant cause of mortality and morbidity amongst the Indian population. This 2‐year prospective study was undertaken to find out the exact epidemiological determinants of 737 patients admitted with burn injuries and, thus, to try and formulate effective preventive strategies. This study was conducted in the department of plastic surgery and burns from September 2011 to June 2013. All consecutive patients with major burns admitted for in‐hospital treatment during the study period were included in the study. The data collected included age, gender, cause and mode of burns, total burn surface area (TBSA), microbiological profile and outcome. More than 55% of the patients were female (58.61%). The mean age was 31.3 years ranging from 8 months to 89 years. A higher number of females (97.5%) sustained burn injuries at home compared with 36.11% males sustaining injuries outdoors. (P = 0.000). Almost one third of injuries (40.36%) occurred between 4 pm and 8 pm, followed by 28% between 7 am and 12 noon. Synthetic garments were worn by 70% of females at the time of injury, whereas 40% of males had worn mixed clothing (P = 0.000). Flame injuries contributed to 80.1% of burns in females (P = 0.006). The rate of electrical injuries (9.8%) was significantly higher in males (P = 0.005). In almost 40% of males, TBSA was <19%, whereas in 40% of females, TBSA was >68%. (P = 0.004). Microbial profile showed that pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 260; 35.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 209; 28.5%), and Escherichia coli (n = 145; 22.6%) were the most frequent types of Staphylococci bacterial growths. The cause for burn injury was ignition of clothes in 68.74% females, and in 35.48% males, it was because of an attempt to save other burn injury victims (P = 0.013) The case fatality rate was 29.3%. A majority of the males (60.7%) recovered, whereas 45.89% of females succumbed because of their burn injury. (P = 0.001). As the aetiological factors of burn injuries vary considerably in different communities, careful study of the pattern in every community is needed before a sound prevention programme can be planned and implemented. Hence, this study was conducted to assess epidemiological, modes, causes, and risk factors and the microbial profile of burn injuries and to study the outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We explored the value of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) to augment autopsy in evaluating strangulation fatalities. A literature search identified 16 studies describing autopsy findings in 576 deaths and two studies describing autopsy and PMCT findings in six deaths. Similar cases were identified from our institution, yielding 130 deaths with autopsy findings and 14 deaths with both autopsy and PMCT findings. The presence of laryngohyoid fracture and soft tissue hemorrhage was compared from autopsy and autopsy+PMCT cases. The detection rates of fractures in autopsy and autopsy+PMCT cases were not significantly different. PMCT identified all fractures observed at autopsy and five fractures not identified. While PMCT may not detect soft tissue injuries in decomposed remains or subtle internal hemorrhages in neck injury, it is equally able to detect bony injuries as autopsy and might surpass autopsy in detecting subtle fractures. We conclude PMCT is useful to supplement autopsy in strangulation cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tropical Medicine & International Health is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is a prospective study with the aim to determine specific patterns of burn wound bacterial colonisation and antimicrobial resistance profiles. There is a high incidence of infections and septicaemia in post-burn patients, which, in turn, are associated with high morbidity and mortality, a fact that compelled us to undertake this study. The study was conducted over a period 11 months, from 1 August 2014 to 30 June 2015, in 50 burn patients admitted in our burn unit. Wound cultures were taken after 72 hours of admission from all the patients, and then, empirical systemic antibiotics were administered. For wound cultures; 1 cubic cm tissue was taken and placed in aerobic and anaerobic culture vials and transported to the microbiology lab under all aseptic precautions as soon as possible. At the time of fever any time after 72 hours of admission, 16 ml of blood was drawn under all aseptic precautions. Both aerobic and anaerobic blood culture vials were filled with 8 ml of blood each and transported to the microbiology lab. The results of culture and sensitivity reports of 50 patients were recorded. The data obtained was analysed using appropriate statistical analytical tests. The most common organism responsible for bacteraemia is Pseudomonas (43%). Most of the strains of organisms isolated were resistant to commonly used antibiotics in the hospital; Pseudomonas was found 100% resistant to a combination of ampicillin + sulbactum, ceftriaxone and was most often sensitive to imipenem, amikacin and vancomycin. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) was also found resistant to commonly used antibiotics like ceftriaxone, ampicillin + sulbactum and ceftazidime + calvulanic acid. Linzolid and vancomycin were effective in 83% and 100% cases, respectively. We conclude that similar institution-specific studies should be conducted, and such studies will be helpful in providing useful guidelines for choosing effective empirical therapy that will have a great impact on the prevention of infection and its complications in burn patients because of bacteraemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hanging deaths from investigation standpoint are rarely problematic. Unusual circumstances can on occasion raise suspicion of foul play. Associated neck injuries are reported in the literature with variable frequency (from 0% to 76.8%). This study retrospectively analyzed 755 hanging deaths in Ontario (Canada) to evaluate the demographic features and circumstances of hanging fatalities, and the frequency of hanging‐related neck injuries. A number of cases showed unusual/special circumstances (e.g., complex, double suicides, restraints). Among 632 cases with complete autopsies, hyoid and larynx fractures were present in 46 cases (7.3%) with the most common being isolated hyoid fractures. The incidence of cricoid fractures was 0.5% and cervical spine injuries, 1.1%. A higher incidence of neck injuries occurred among males, long drop hangings, and in cases with complete suspension. There was a tendency for the number of fractures to increase with increasing age and weight of the deceased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural fibers such as jute, coir, hemp, sisal etc. are randomly used as reinforcements for composite materials because of its various advantages such as low cost, low densities, low energy consumption over conventional fibers. In addition, they are renewable as well as biodegradable, and indeed wide varieties of fibers are locally available. In this study, glass-jute fiber reinforced polymer composite is fabricated, and the mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural and impact behavior are investigated. The materials selected for the studies were jute fiber and glass fiber as the reinforcement and epoxy resin as the matrix. The hand lay-out technique was used to fabricate these composites. Fractured surface were comprehensively examined in scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the microscopic fracture mode. A numerical procedure based on the finite element method was then applied to evaluate the overall behavior of this composite using the experimentally applied load. Results showed that by incorporating the optimum amount of jute fibers, the overall strength of glass fiber reinforced composite can be increased and cost saving of more than 30% can be achieved. It can thus be inferred that jute fiber can be a very potential candidate in making of composites, especially for partial replacement of high-cost glass fibers for low load bearing applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is aimed at determining the possibility of using crab carapace materials as reinforcing fillers in the coir fiber reinforced polyester composite. The sample preparation was carried out with three levels of fiber length (10, 30, & 50 mm), fiber weight content (10, 25, and 40%), and additive weight content (2, 4, and 6%). The composite sheets were prepared by impregnating crab carapace additive obtained from crab shell with coir fiber reinforced polyester composite using compression molding machine. The tensile, flexural, and impact strength of the composites were determined as per ASTM standards and regression models were developed to predict the mechanical behaviors of the composites using statistical technique. The fabrication parameters considered in this investigation has significantly contributed toward the mechanical properties of the composites. The developed regression models were optimized to obtain the maximum values of mechanical properties using single objective genetic algorithm and multiobjective lexicographic method in this investigation. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:844-853, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ligature mark is the most relevant feature of hanging. This study was undertaken with a view to determine the characteristic features of hanging and its association with ligature material or mode of suspension. Of a total medicolegal deaths reported at an Apex Medical Centre, hanging was noted in 4.1% cases, all suicidal with mortality rate of 1.5 per 100,000 population per year. The hanging was complete in 67.7% with nylon rope as the commonest type of ligature material used for ligation. The hanging mark was usually single, situated above thyroid cartilage, incomplete, prominent, and directed toward nape of neck. The mark of dribbling of saliva was seen in 11.8% cases. Facial congestion, petechial hemorrhage, and cyanosis were significantly seen in partial hanging. Though occasionally reported, the argent line was noted in 78.7% hanging deaths with neck muscle hemorrhage in 23.6% cases. Fracture of neck structure was predominant in complete hanging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present communication, the effect of water absorptions on mechanical properties of roselle fiber reinforced vinyl ester composites prepared by wet hand lay-up method was studied. Water absorption tests were conducted by immersing composite specimens into three different water environments, namely distilled water, ground water, and sea water, which were at room temperature, for a period of 10 days. The water absorption behavior of composite was found to follow a non-Fickian behavior. The maximum water absorption percent and diffusion coefficient were determined from the obtained water absorption curves. The scanning electron microscopy was used for the fractographic studies on the fractured surface of composite. The results show that composites exposed to sea water environment absorb more water absorption percent than that of other water environments. It was observed that the water absorption percent increased with increasing fiber loading. Mechanical properties of dry composite specimens were compared with wet composite specimens. Mechanical properties were found to decrease with an increasing percentage of water uptakes. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1638-1646, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years, important efforts have been made to synthesize so-called 'multipore' zeolites, which contain channels of different dimensions within the same crystalline structure. This is a very attractive subject, since the presence of pores of different sizes would favor the preferential diffusion of reactants and products through those different channel systems, allowing unique catalytic activities for specific chemical processes. In this Review we describe the most attractive achievements in the rational synthesis of multipore zeolites, containing small to extra-large pores, and the improvements reported for relevant chemical processes when these multipore zeolites have been used as catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Angewandte Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rectangular specimens with an edge crack were subjected to symmetric three-point bending and asymmetric four-point bending to determine the mode I and mode II fracture toughness of the walnut particle and coconut fiber-reinforced biocomposite. Epoxy resin was used as matrix material and 10 wt% of coconut fiber and 20 wt% of walnut shell particle were used as reinforcing materials. The mode I and mode II fracture toughness and mechanical tests were conducted on a servo hydraulic universal testing machine and the results were analyzed and discussed. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:167-173, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The triterpenoid friedelin isolated from hexane extract of Azima tetracantha leaves was evaluated for its antifeedant, larvicidal and pupicidal activities against Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura at 125, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm concentration. RESULTS Friedelin exhibited antifeedant (84.57 and 75.28%), larvicidal (72.88 and 66%) and pupicidal (76.18 and 66.66%) activities against H. armigera and S. litura respectively. The homogeneity of variances (Levene statistic) showed significant deviation for the antifeedant, larvicidal and pupicidal activities of friedelin against H. armigera and S. litura. It exhibited LC50 values of 130.47 and 226.41 ppm for antifeedant and 509.56 and 607.99 ppm for larvicidal activities against H. armigera and S. litura respectively. In linear regression analysis, significant and high correlation was noted between concentration and antifeedant activity with R2 = 0.84 and 0.79 and between concentration and larvicidal activity with R2 = 0.81 and 0.76 against H. armigera and S. litura respectively. CONCLUSION Regression between antifeedant and larvicidal activities also showed significant activity ( P = 0.00) with R2 = 0.79 for H. armigera and R2 = 0.70 for S. litura. Friedelin showed good activity against both the pests. Friedelin did not show any toxicity against freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio at 100 mg L−1. Friedelin could be used to prepare a botanical formulation to control the agricultural pests. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide by asphyxia is quite a common event in forensic practice and may be implemented in different ways. The authors report a unique case of a 16-year-old youth who committed suicide by means of a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. This manner of suicide has never been described in the literature reviewed. A complete forensic investigation led to the conclusion that the cause of death was mechanical asphyxia, ascribed to self-strangulation by means of an atypical item. The victim suffered from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) syndrome and was assisted by support teachers. He had a solitary and depressive personality. The exceptional nature of this case suggests that sphygmomanometers may be regarded as possible means of self-strangulation. The case also highlights the importance of managing patients with psychiatric or cognitive disorders; indeed, particular caution is required to keep them away from objects that, although apparently harmless, can become lethal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polythiophene/chitosan (PT/Ch) composites and PT homopolymers were chemically synthesized in the presence of anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid sodium monohydrate, ACS anionic surfactant. Conductivity, FTIR, SEM, TGA, and XRD measurements were used to study the properties of the composites. The effect of the ratio of the surfactant to the Ch onto structural and physical properties of the composites was also investigated. Our experimental data show that the properties of the composites depend on the amount of both surfactant and Ch used. The highest conductivity of 9.62 × 10−3 S/cm−1 was measured for the PT/Ch2 sample. When measurements were taken for PT/Ch/ACS samples with different Ch and surfactants content, the highest conductivity and initial decomposition temperature were recorded for the PT/Ch2/ACS10 sample as 3.49 × 10−4 S/cm−1, 223°C, respectively. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2632-2640, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of the new medium-pore aluminophosphate molecular sieve PST-6 is determined by the combined use of rotation electron diffraction tomography, synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, and computer modeling. PST-6 was prepared by calcination of another new aluminophosphate material with an unknown structure synthesized using diethylamine as a structure-directing agent, which is thought to contain bridging hydroxy groups. PST-6 has 36 crystallographically distinct tetrahedral sites in the asymmetric unit and is thus crystallographically the most complex zeolitic structure ever solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]