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Consideration of how interrelated social structures relate with personality has been limited. In this paper, we discuss how researchers might apply an intersectional framework–which uses a social justice lens to examine how social structures are interconnected and impact individuals—at three distinct levels of personality including traits, characteristic adaptations, and integrative life narratives. We begin by providing conceptualizations of personality and intersectionality and describe considerations for their integration, including the need to widen the methodological and epistemological scope of personality science. Key areas of research that demonstrate the promise of an intersectional framework for unpacking structures of power and oppression in relation to the person are then described for each level of personality. Specifically, recommendations for how an intersectional framework may be used to examine structural identity domains in relation to trait levels, values and goals, as well as the content and process of narrated lives are offered. We conclude with discussion of how application of an intersectional framework is crucial for promoting inclusion and generalizability in personality science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to advance a theoretical and clinical perspective on the developmental origin and role of omnipotence in early object relations, and a differentiation of the adult sequelae of these maturational dynamics. The focus is on negative omnipotence as inherent in the constitution and impact of the psychotic part of the personality. The case history of the psychoanalytic psychotherapy of a man with a psychiatric diagnosis of obsessive–compulsive disorder illustrates the self and treatment defeating impact of negative omnipotence. Diplomatic therapeutic engagement, based on the understanding that these negative therapeutic dynamics represent unfinished maturational processes, is presented as enabling treatment to progress and facilitate gradual beneficial modification in the use of omnipotence intra‐psychically and inter‐personally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People vary in the effectiveness with which they can change the way that others feel, yet we know surprisingly little about what drives these individual differences in interpersonal emotion regulation success. This paper provides a framework for describing 'success' in interpersonal emotion regulation and synthesizes extant theory and research regarding how personality and cognitive ability relate to interpersonal emotion regulation success. In doing so, our review brings together work from several related fields to offer an integrative framework to generate and guide future research that aims to understand why some people are proficient at influencing the emotions of others and why some are not, often suffering additional unintended consequences, such as diminished work or relationship success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Computational thinking (CT) has been broadly considered one of the 21st‐century competencies, and an emerging trend has been seen in integrating CT into primary education. Cumulative research was conducted to investigate the influencing factors of CT learning performance, and an ample range of factors has been identified, involving both cognitive and non‐cognitive facets. However, limited has been done in exploring the non‐cognitive factors, and even less at the primary education level. Objective: To address this gap, this study bridged CT with personality in the primary school context, and more importantly, it proposed a mediator in the personality‐CT relationship that is, attitudinal beliefs, which are amenable to change, thereby allowing further support for nurturing the traits. Method: Based on the Big Five model of personality, standard tests were administered to a sample of 434 primary school students (ages 8–11), and data were analysed using structural equation modelling via Mplus. To improve the robustness of the results, control variables (i.e., demographic features, coding experience) were added to the research model, and a bootstrap approach with 5000 resamples was used to examine the mediating effect. Result and Conclusion: Findings demonstrated that Conscientiousness had a positive effect on CT, and attitudinal beliefs mediated the effect of Open‐mindedness (positive) and Negative Emotionality (negative) on CT. The study contributes to the literature by enriching the CT network with non‐intellectual components and unravelling the mechanism of CT regarding how disposition traits turn into learning performance. The results implicate practitioners on the importance of encouraging conscientious behaviours and nurturing positive attitudinal beliefs in CT primary education. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Personality traits can play a role in students' learning performance.The relationship between personality and computational thinking (CT) has been verified in teenage cohorts.Simply studying personalities may have limited practical implications, as these traits tend to be stable features that practitioners have little control over. What this paper adds: This is the first study investigating the effect of personalities on CT performance at the primary education level.The study examined the association between conscientiousness and CT performance.This is the first study revealing the underlying mechanism of the personality‐CT relationship.The study identified the mediating role of attitudinal beliefs in the personality‐CT relationship. The implications of study findings for practitioners: The study enriched the nomological network of CT in the primary context with essential non‐cognitive components.The study unravelled the underlying mechanism of the personality‐CT relationship, helping explain how personality traits turn into learning performance.The study indicated the importance of encouraging conscientious behaviours and nurturing positive attitudinal beliefs in CT primary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues for a person‐centered approach in developmental science and presents theoretical and empirical techniques to help shift the focus to the individual. The need for a person‐centered approach is urgent, because of widespread nonergodicity in developmental psychology: traditional between‐individual, group‐level statistics often cannot be used to understand individuals over time. Evidence for nonergodicity has been gathered in domains such as personality, emotions, identity, performance and intelligence. This highlights a mismatch between our typical research methods—group‐level analyses—and a core aim of developmental science: understanding the development of individuals. The implications are profound. Without insights into within‐individual processes, our understanding of development remains incomplete and perhaps even incorrect, which could hinder the design of effective interventions. Many of our developmental theories might need to be adjusted to accurately capture individual‐level development. The theory of complex dynamic systems and person‐centered simulations offer promising avenues to do this. In addition, many promising person‐centered analysis techniques, that typically use long time series of data, are available to enhance our understanding of individual‐level development. Together, these person‐centered theoretical and empirical tools have the potential to help shift developmental science towards an understanding of development that genuinely reflects individual processes. Highlights: The problem of nonergodicity in psychological science is widespread, this highlights a need for a person‐centered approach to development.Creating individual‐level theoretical models is a difficult challenge, but complex dynamic systems theory and simulations can help.Person‐centered analytical techniques presented in this paper can answer questions on individual development, by investigating the shape of individual trajectories, within‐individual dynamics and nonlinear developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jung's idea of the 'personal equation' amounts to the reflection that theoretical differences between the psychologies that people teach are rooted in their personalities, in other words, that they are due to the psychology each one 'has'. This concept also applies to different interpretations of Jung's work. The serious difficulties that Mark Saban has with my psychology are a case in point. Recourse to the concept of the personal equation reveals that Saban has his Jung and I have mine. With his insistence on his Talmudic methodological principle of dream interpretation, that 'the dream is its own interpretation', according to Saban Jung means nothing but a rejection of Freudian free association. My Jung goes far beyond that. Jung understands this methodological principle above all in terms of what he calls 'circumambulation'. The main part of this paper is devoted to an elucidation of what circumambulation involves as a mode of dream interpretation. The paper concludes with the distinction Jung himself introduced between two types of reading of his work, either as 'paper' and 'dead nostrums' or as 'fire and wind', and pleads for a reconstruction of Jung's psychology as a whole in terms of his most advanced, deepest insights, instead of a dogmatic reading mainly based on the early Jung, a reading for which his later revolutionary insights are at best negligible embellishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A parent has immense control over the experiences of their offspring. Given that personality is associated with important life outcomes—mediated through decision‐making processes—it is likely that parental personality impacts their child's life outcomes. While "compensatory" influences from another person have been identified in romantic partners, the impact of parent's personality on their child's outcomes has not been thoroughly examined. Using a response surface analysis approach, we will look at the associations of adolescent personality with the personality of their parents for the prediction of adolescent outcomes (Ndyads = 9395). Parent personality predicted outcomes for their child above and beyond their child's traits. There were few instances of child–parent personality interactions, suggesting the mechanisms linking child and parent traits to child outcomes are largely independent. Findings suggest parents' personalities offer a unique influence on the outcomes for children while they develop and navigate through adolescence. Highlights: This paper investigated if parental Big Five personality traits predicted outcomes for their child in adolescence, above and beyond the child's own traits.Response surface analyses indicated that parent personality does predict outcomes for their adolescent child, with few interaction or similarity effects emerging.These findings suggest the Big Five traits of parents are impactful in the child and parent relationship and can uniquely influence outcomes for the child above and beyond their own traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developmental science benefits from a rich tradition of conceptual frameworks, such as Relational Developmental Systems metatheory, that seek to understand the individual ⇔ context relations that promote thriving across the lifespan. However, there are substantive methodological challenges associated with capturing individual‐level and contextual variables, let alone the dynamics between them. These challenges have encouraged the perpetuation of simple models that focus on either individuals or their contexts alone, or as parallel processes with little attention to the dynamics of the relations. In this paper, we engage in cross‐disciplinary dialogue between developmental and personality science (adding to recent work being done by those in personality development) and highlight the benefits that developmental science can reap by adopting several recent advancements in dynamic personality theory and the methods used to test them. In addition, we discuss what personality science might gain from applying a developmental lens to their research questions. Such integration may also help personality scientists better understand how developmental theory can complement their methods for understanding the development of individual differences over time. Ultimately, the two fields can use their similar missions of understanding the development of individual differences in order to support one another in pursuing good science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI‐R) domains are associated with substance use disorders (SUD), including potential for relapse. However, individual facets of the NEO PI‐R domains have not been rigorously analyzed. This paper assesses NEO PI‐R individual facets among participants with SUD and their value in predicting relapse. Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, all patients admitted to a single private rehabilitation center (n = 642) were offered participation in this study. Participants who completed NEO PI‐R questionnaires at the start of treatment and with known relapse outcomes up to 1‐year posttreatment were included (n = 441). Statistical analysis included a series of unadjusted univariate logistic regressions and additional adjusted multivariate regression controlling for employment status in healthcare. Results: Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness domains had significant impacts on relapse. Three individual facets of Neuroticism were significant predictors of relapse, and seven individual facets within the Conscientiousness and Agreeableness domains were inversely related to relapse. When controlling for employment, Conscientiousness and three of its individual facets (Dutifulness, Competence, and Self‐Discipline) continued to be significant in predicting relapse. The individual facets Impulsiveness and Straightforwardness also continued to be significant in predicting relapse. Conclusions and Scientific Significance: Several personality domains and facets were significantly related to relapse, confirming and expanding on prior literature. This study focuses on the risk of relapse as it relates to NEO PI‐R individual facets, which have not been previously explored with a sample size of this magnitude. These findings can guide clinical care of patients with SUD, allowing for more targeted treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant theoretical models of personality coherence/incoherence do not sufficiently address the challenge of explaining personality coherence dynamics and the role of psychological mechanisms, including temperament and attention. To overcome these limitations, the Complex‐System Approach to Personality (C‐SAP) postulates that personality coherence is a within‐person structure that arises from the functional consistency/inconsistency between personality traits/types, underlain by specific attentional and temperament mechanisms that have integrative and regulatory potential. The dominant (reactive, regulative) function of stimulation processing in temperament types is the foundation for assessing personality coherence. This paper presents a revised, fine‐grained model of personality coherence—originally arising from the C‐SAP—that is enriched by a focus on personality coherence dynamics in relation to behavioral consistency. The methodological principles necessary for studying personality coherence dynamics are outlined in detail. This paper also addresses: (a) research methods for relating personality coherence/incoherence to behavioral consistency/inconsistency, and (b) situational contexts that are important to these personality dynamics. In addition, personality coherence dynamics in relation to the self and character and the impact of the C‐SAP assumption that behaviors are more stable than traits/types on the relation between personality coherence and behavioral consistency are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the context of a counterbalanced design, 102 students from either a high school or a large Southeastern university were administered two versions of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–Adolescent (MMPI–A): a computer-administered version (CA) and a paper-and-pencil version (PAP). Time between testing sessions was approximately one week. Differences in individual scale means between the CA and PAP were calculated using paired t tests, with the Bonferroni correction procedure; no mean differences were statistically significant ( p > .05). To determine if the scale distributions were similar Hartley's homogeneity of variance tests were conducted; there were no differences in the shapes of the scale distributions ( p > .05). Pearson product-moment coefficients were calculated to determine if the relative rankings were similar across administration formats; coefficients for every scale were positive and statistically significant ( p < .01). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 605–613, 2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While it is well established that domestic work has long been commodified, this paper builds on existing literature to show how employment agencies use the production of biodata to simultaneously, and strategically, homogenise and differentiate domestic workers in Singapore as racialised commodities. As such, and building on existing literatures on racialisation, bodily commodification, corporeality and domestic labour, this paper develops the concept of 'fleshly commodity' to convey domestic workers' positioning as racialised, captive, fungible and simultaneously homogenised and differentiated corporeal objects. Moreover, this paper will bring attention to the broader implications of the processes by which employment agencies market, fetishize, and then sell domestic workers. It does so by illuminating how recruitment practices shape the labour required/expected of domestic workers, before demonstrating how their living and working conditions and relations are also impacted. Through engagement with ethnographic data, this paper also demonstrates how domestic workers' humanity, personhood and agency continually contest and undo attempts to render them fleshly commodities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of multidimensional forced‐choice (MFC) items to assess non‐cognitive traits such as personality, interests and values in psychological tests has a long history, because MFC items show strengths in preventing response bias. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in developing item response theory (IRT) models for MFC items. However, nearly all of the existing IRT models have been developed for MFC items with binary scores. Real tests use MFC items with more than two categories; such items are more informative than their binary counterparts. This study developed a new IRT model for polytomous MFC items based on the cognitive model of choice, which describes the cognitive processes underlying humans' preferential choice behaviours. The new model is unique in its ability to account for the ipsative nature of polytomous MFC items, to assess individual psychological differentiation in interests, values and emotions, and to compare the differentiation levels of latent traits between individuals. Simulation studies were conducted to examine the parameter recovery of the new model with existing computer programs. The results showed that both statement parameters and person parameters were well recovered when the sample size was sufficient. The more complete the linking of the statements was, the more accurate the parameter estimation was. This paper provides an empirical example of a career interest test using four‐category MFC items. Although some aspects of the model (e.g., the nature of the person parameters) require additional validation, our approach appears promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic differences in the attitudes of men and women towards risk is well established. In this paper, we investigate the joint role of two prominent psychological characteristics in explaining this difference. Our starting point is that risk assessments can be thought of, in general terms, to combine beliefs about the probability of negative outcomes occurring with a subjective valuation of how painful that negative outcome would be. Exploiting large‐scale panel data from the United Kingdom, we find that gender differences in financial optimism and financial loss aversion – the stronger psychological response to monetary losses than monetary gains – explain a substantial proportion of the parallel gender difference in willingness to take risks. This result prevails even after controlling for the Big Five personality traits, suggesting that the prominent psychological characteristics capture different aspects of behaviour than the Big Five. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes descriptions of Ukrainian refugees in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Findings of previous research on news media descriptions of refugees point to problematic descriptions of refugees that downgrade their deservingness of refuge and treat refugee status as an inherent feature of fleeing individuals instead of as contingent on external circumstances. However, there is a widespread perception that Ukrainian refugees are being reported on in a more positive light. We therefore examine how news media describe these refugees. Our corpus includes English media news coverage from February 25, 2022, to March 25, 2022, the initial period of the invasion. A discursive psychological analysis of news interactions where hosts elicit information from correspondents about current ongoings with Ukrainian refugees shows that Ukrainian refugees are constructed as vulnerable, and their actions are treated as reasonable given the situation. These descriptions construct Ukrainian refugees as those who are only contingently refugees and legitimate help‐giving by other parties. Our findings, therefore, highlight distinct, previously unanalyzed ways that refugees are constructed: contingent refugees. We discuss implications of our findings for understanding refugee inclusion and exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces that the Journal of Personality continues publication of series of occasional papers in quantitative methods for personality devoted to the memory of Jeffrey S. Tanaka.

COVID‐19 has abruptly and unexpectedly transformed nearly every aspect of work, including but not limited to increased unemployment rates and uncertainty regarding future job prospects. Response distortion has always been a concern given that many organizations rely on information that is self‐reported by applicants regarding their potential employability (e.g., responses to self‐reported personality instruments, resumes, interview responses). Drawing from the Valence‐Instrumentality‐Expectancy (VIE) theory of motivation, we propose that the uncertainty surrounding jobs may lead to amplified distorted responses on these measures in areas where COVID‐19 was most salient. In a sample of 213 working adults [~50% female, age M = 38.48], the present study shows that increases in response distortion on a measure of conscientiousness were more pronounced as a function of (a) local COVID positivity rates and (b) job type, such that frontline workers distorted their responses the most. Findings are discussed in the context of VIE theory, personality measurement, and challenges with maintaining effective selection procedures. Practitioner Points: What is currently known about the topic: Self‐report surveys are susceptible to faking when used for selection.Respondents inflate scores on conscientiousness within selection scenarios. What our paper adds to previous knowledge: In times of a recession, self‐report surveys used for selection are more susceptible to faking.Faking is exacerbated in early COVID‐19 hot spots and frontline workers. Implications of our findings for practitioners: Alternative assessment types should be considered for selection procedures.There should be more focus on retention of frontline workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a model of basic self‐regulatory mechanisms that integrates descriptive‐structural and dynamic‐explanatory approaches to personality. Using a structural way of thinking and based on a structural model of personality (the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits), we deduced two orthogonal (distinct) but interactive mechanisms: (a) Impulse Control responsible for controlling automatically activated impulses, urges, and affective reactions and (b) Self‐Motivation responsible for regulating intentions in goal‐oriented behaviors. Their operation depends on both situational and dispositional factors and optimal functioning of both mechanisms is needed for effective regulation of behavior. People can also be characterized by relatively stable levels of Impulse Control and Self‐Motivation as dispositions, which depend on temperamental predispositions but can develop incoherently with them due to the impact of environmental factors. Combinations of Impulse Control and Self‐Motivation as dispositions result in personality types, which differ in their adaptiveness. Importantly, Impulse Control and Self‐Motivation mechanisms reveal substantial similarities to other self‐regulatory constructs described in the literature, particularly those included in Block and Block's as well as Kuhl's theories. The contribution of our paper may serve as an example of how to apply the descriptive‐structural approach to develop a dynamic‐explanatory model of personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Previous research suggests that people want to change their big five traits—and moreover, they may be able to do so. This paper extends these findings in three ways. First, I examined the extent to which people want to change their levels of the dark triad—Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Second, I tested whether desires to change the dark triad predicted actual changes in the corresponding traits across approximately four months. Finally, participants received an intervention designed to change their big five personality traits. Consequently, I tested whether this intervention could also facilitate changes in the dark triad. Method: The present study was a 16‐wave, weekly, intensive longitudinal design (N = 467). Results: Results revealed that participants generally did not want to change their levels of the dark triad. Nevertheless, individual variance in desires to change the dark triad did predict actual changes in the dark triad across four months. Moreover, interventions targeting agreeableness spurred changes in all three dark triad traits. Conclusions: This research suggests that taking small steps to become more agreeable may also reduce individuals' levels of the dark triad. These findings may have implications for future research, as well as therapeutic treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The goal of this paper is to promote the integration of two approaches to personality and assessment: Contemporary Integrative Interpersonal Theory (CIIT) and the Narrative Identity Approach (NI). Methods: We review CIIT and NI, describe their similarities and differences, and articulate opportunities to integrate the approaches to more fully account for personality dynamics and self‐regulation. Results: We identify several areas within which concepts from CIIT and NI could be synthesized and offer four concrete suggestions for integrating the assessment methods within each approach: (1) using narratives to explicate interpersonal perception, (2) using stories to clarify interpersonal context, (3), using the Interpersonal Situation as a framework for unpacking narrative elements, and (4) coding interpersonal sequences in narrative data. Conclusions: CIIT and NI have potential to augment one another both theoretically and methodologically in ways that would be fruitful for conceptualizing and studying personality dynamics and self‐regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how organizations' response to a crisis such as the COVID‐19 pandemic affects their employer attractiveness. Based on signaling theory, we argue that a COVID‐19 response can signal an organization's employer brand personality, positively affecting applicant attraction. We conducted two experimental studies with employed and unemployed UK participants through Prolific Academic. Both studies indicate that a warm COVID‐19 response leads to the highest employer attractiveness and job pursuit intentions, although a competent response was still more attractive than no response. Moreover, applicants use the warm and competent responses as signals of organizational warmth and competence respectively, building higher organizational trust. Limited support for the moderating role of applicants' personality was found. Implications during and beyond COVID‐19 are discussed. Practitioner points: a.What is currently known about the topic of your study; The COVID‐19 pandemic compelled organizations to respond.An organization's communication can signal its employer brand personality.Employer brand personality can be evaluated based on warmth and competence.b.What your paper adds to this; Communicating a response to COVID‐19 can help in attracting applicants.A COVID‐19 response can signal organizational warmth and competence.A warm or competent response to a crisis can increase applicants' trust.Limited support for the moderating role of applicants' personality was found.c.The implications of your study findings for practitioners; Respond to crises such as COVID‐19 to enhance applicant attraction and trust.Share attractive COVID‐19 responses on the company website or through press.Build applicants' trust, in times of crisis, through warm or competent messages.Emphasize warmth in the COVID‐19 response to attract applicants and motivate them to apply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces the series of papers to be published in the journal using a statistical and methodology approach to personality commemorating the scholar Jeffrey S. Tanaka., including an article within the issue on this topic.

In the 19th and early 20th century, epilepsy was one of the most investigated disorders in forensic psychiatry and psychology. The possible subsidiary symptoms of epilepsy (such as temporal confusion, alterations of consciousness, or increased aggression) played pivotal roles in early forensic and criminal psychological theories that aimed to underscore the problematic medical, social and legal status of epileptic criminals. These criminals were considered extremely violent and capable of committing sudden, brutal acts. Although the theory of "epileptic criminality" was refuted due to 20th‐century developments in medicine, forensic psychiatry, and criminal psychology, some suppositions related to the concept of epileptic personality have lingered. This paper explores the lasting influence of the theory of epileptic personality by examining the evolution of the theories of epileptic criminality both in the international and the Hungarian context. Specifically, it calls attention to the twentieth‐century revival of the theory of epileptic personality in the works of Leopold Szondi, István Benedek and Norman Geschwind. The paper shows that the issue of epileptic personality still lingers in neuropsychology. In doing so, biological reductionist trends in medical‐psychological thinking are traced, and attention is drawn to questions that arise due to changing cultural and medical representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of dark side personality at work has received considerable research attention over the past decade, and both qualitative and quantitative reviews of this field have already been published. To show the relevance of dark personality in the work context, existing reviews have typically focused on systematically discussing the different criteria that have been linked to dark traits (e.g., job performance, work attitudes, leadership emergence, etc.). In contrast, and complementing this earlier work, the current review paper summarizes the available literature on this topic by structuring it in terms of the nature of the relationships studied rather than in terms of the types of outcome variables. Doing so, the focus shifts from "What are the outcomes of dark traits?" to "How are dark traits related to work outcomes?" Scrutinizing the nature of these relationships, we specifically focus on four types of effects (i.e., nonlinear, interactive, differential, and reciprocal) that highlight the complexity of how dark side traits operate in the work context. Structured this way, this review first provides a conceptual underpinning of each of these complex effects, followed by a summary of the empirical literature published over the past 10 years. To conclude, we present an integration of this field, provide suggestions for future research, and highlight concrete assessment challenges. Practitioner points: Dark side traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) predict a range of undesirable work outcomes.To better understand these effects, we propose paying closer attention to nonlinear, interactive, differential, and reciprocal effects.This requires fine‐grained assessments, repeated measurements, and knowledge of the job context.Specific assessment guidelines are provided which can be used in the context of employee screening and coaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curmudgeon personality, which is assessed by having participants evaluate a heterogeneous set of attitude objects, provides an applied value beyond that of more established personality traits. Recent research, for instance, suggests that curmudgeon personality is distinct from the Five Factor Model personality traits and that it predicts unique variance in important criteria, such as job attitudes and well‐being. In the current paper we contribute to this literature by testing an explanation of how curmudgeon personality is distinct from other traits—their potential resistance to response distortion. We estimated response distortion for scales of curmudgeon personality and FFM traits across two quasi‐experimental studies. As expected, the score shifts between nonapplicant and applicant conditions were smaller for scales of curmudgeon personality compared to scales of emotional stability and conscientiousness. We argue that curmudgeon personality scales may be more resistant to response distortion than are measures of other traits because curmudgeon personality items are semi‐implicit and lack an obvious desirable response. The resistance to response distortion should serve as a call to future researchers to test the criterion validity of curmudgeon personality in regard to performance criteria. Practitioner points: Curmudgeon personality is a person's tendency to negatively evaluate various objects and predicts incremental variance in important workplace criteria.Unlike common self‐report personality assessments, curmudgeon personality is assessed with a projective measure.We found that curmudgeon personality scales were more resistant to response distortion than other common personality scales.Practitioners may assess curmudgeon personality in applied settings with little concern of faking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the fieldwork experience in rural Ghana of a Ghanaian student studying in Canada. It provides a background of self‐reflections that juxtapose the need to pay attention to the researcher's positionality and personality and how that can impact fieldwork and research outcomes. Recognizing that researchers' personalities have received less consideration in geographical qualitative research methodologies, this paper focuses on how both the researcher's positionality and personality can contribute to building rapport and sustaining relationships with the researched. I argue that while researchers' positionalities can influence access to research participants, personal traits form a backbone for building trust and sustaining relationships. I conclude that the research process can be rewarding if a common ground between the researcher and research participants is established. This can be created by building partnerships in the research process. Key Messages: While it is necessary to consider a researcher's positionality in fieldwork, it is equally important to consider the influence of their personality.Researchers' personal traits can form a backbone for building trust and sustaining relationships with their participants.While a researcher's positionality is inherited and sometimes conferred on them, personality persists over time and with different situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines a new personality assessment scoring approach labeled supervised forced choice scoring (SFCS), which aims to maximize construct validity of forced choice (FC) personality assessments. SFCS maximally weights FC responses to predict or "reproduce" honest, normative, and reliable personality scores using machine learning. In this proof of concept study, a graded response FC assessment was tested across several samples, and SFCS resulted in psychometric improvements over traditional FC scoring. Correlations with aligned single‐stimulus trait scores (taken honestly) were strong, both when the FC measure was taken honestly and when taken in induced applicant settings. SFCS scores also exhibited small shifts in average scores between honest and faked conditions and were predictive of organizational citizenship behaviors, employee engagement, and leadership emergence at work. Although SFCS showed merit in this proof of concept study, it is unclear how well results will generalize to new FC measures, and we urge more research on this scoring method. Practitioner points: Forced choice (FC) personality assessments are thought to be more faking resistant than single‐stimulus, Likert personality measures. However, there are measurement challenges when scoring FC assessments, and there may be opportunities to improve upon the construct validity of current FC scoring.This paper examined a new personality assessment scoring approach labeled supervised forced choice scoring (SFCS), which aims to maximize construct validity of FC personality assessments. Specifically, SFCS maximally weights FC responses to predict or "reproduce" honest, normative, and reliable personality scores using machine learning (ML). The use of ML in this way helps leverage variance from all FC personality responses when estimating each trait, accounts for complex item‐trait relationships should they exist, and develops algorithms explicitly designed to account for faking.In this proof of concept study, a graded response FC assessment was tested across several samples, and SFCS resulted in psychometric improvements over traditional FC scoring. Notably, correlations with aligned single stimulus trait scores (taken honestly) were strong, both when the FC measure was taken honestly and when taken in induced applicant settings. SFCS scores also exhibited small shifts in average scores between honest and faked conditions and were predictive of organizational citizenship behaviors, employee engagement, and leadership emergence at work.Initial SFCS findings are favorable, suggesting this method of FC scoring should be considered for future use. However, although SFCS showed merit in this proof of concept study, it is unclear how well results will generalize to new FC measures, and we urge more research on this scoring method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper focused on how a third party's social status affects third‐party intervention to maintain social fairness. Study 1 adopted a quasi‐experimental design. Selecting high and low‐status members of real social groups, we observed that high‐status individuals intervened more forcibly and more frequently when assessing the fairness of players' behavior in a dictator game (DG). The manifestation of social status is generally divided into power and economic capital. In Study 2a, using the same DG punishment–compensation paradigm we randomly assigned the third party in the lab to high, medium, and low impact conditions, where their actions had relative multiplier effects on the resources retained by dictators and recipients. This tested whether the power to influence the situation would systematically affect third party's behavior. We found that greater influence predicted increased interventions. Study 2b investigated the influence of economic capital or intrinsic wealth on a third party's altruistic behavior by varying how much capital the third party had at their disposal to spend on punishment or recompensing. Having high capital predicted an increase in the size of penalty inflicted or compensation offered, but resource abundance had no effect on the likelihood that the third party would intervene. In conclusion, the paper showed that the social status of the third party truly does affect their altruistic interventions and the impact of social status on altruistic behaviors for maintaining fairness by the third party occurred primarily through the third parties' perception of their power. Furthermore, the influence of gain and loss contexts and social status on third‐party punishment and compensation were independent of each other. This paper provided a new perspective for third‐party altruistic behaviors and help to clarify the view of social fairness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of authoritarianism has a long history in the field of psychology; however, much of this research focuses on Western countries, especially the United States. In effort to better understand authoritarianism cross‐culturally, we explore the current state of authoritarianism in an important cultural context: Russia. Thus, the current paper reports on large‐scale research of right‐wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation in the modern Russian context. Six studies (total N = 1,358) included personality traits, basic human values, social beliefs, and intergroup attitudes that allowed us to comprehensively consider authoritarian attitudes in Russia. The results showed that personological profile and pattern of reaction to threat among Russian authoritarians is similar to Western authoritarians. However, economic views inherited from Soviet ideology make Russians differ in their view of economic conservatism from that supported by Western authoritarians. These data provide insight into the psychology of authoritarianism as well as explore novel aspects of Russian culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines social‐psychological factors that can facilitate and hinder public support for conservative agendas over time. Using four waves of longitudinal panel data from Chile (N = 2,394), we estimated the between‐person and within‐person associations among individuals' self‐reported conservative ideologies, political disaffection, civic behaviour, political attitudes towards democracy and social change, and their support for conservative (vs progressive) social movements over time. As expected, between‐person increases in social dominance orientation (SDO), right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA), right‐wing self‐categorization, and political disaffection correlated positively with support for conservative social movements. Between‐person increases in people's social change beliefs, support for democracy, and civic participation predicted less support for conservative social movements over time. Within‐person increases in RWA and SDO correlated positively with conservative social movement support, whereas civic participation correlated negatively with it. Results provide novel evidence for the dynamic processes underlying support for conservative/progressive agendas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel crowd simulation method which integrates not only modelling ideas but also advantages from both data‐driven methods and crowd dynamics methods. To seamlessly integrate these two different modelling ideas, first, a fusion crowd motion model is developed. In this model the motion of crowd are driven dynamically by different forces. Part of the forces are modeled under a universal interaction mechanism, which describe the common parts of crowd dynamics. Others are modeled by examples from real data, which describe the personality parts of the agent motion. Second, a construction method for example dataset is proposed to support the fusion model. In the dataset, crowd trajectories captured in the real world are decomposed and re‐described under the structure of the fusion model. Thus, personality parts hidden in the real data could be locked and extracted, making the data understandable and migratable for our fusion model. A comprehensive crowd motion generation workflow using the fusion model and example dataset is also proposed. Quantitative and qualitative experiments and user studies are conducted. Results show that the proposed fusion crowd simulation method can generate crowd motion with the great motion fidelity, which not only match the macro characteristics of real data, but also has lots of micro personality showing the diversity of crowd motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partisans view their own candidates through rose‐coloured glasses and see competing candidates much more negatively. However, recent advances in political behaviour reveal that such directional motivated reasoning is not simply about love and hate, but also about more nuanced shifts in preferences. Combining two insights from the psychological sciences – coalitional reasoning and a general dislike of self‐interested leaders – we form the novel prediction that voters pay more attention to out‐party than to in‐party candidates' warmth. We show firm evidence for this prediction relying on election studies data with candidate warmth impressions from 27 elections from seven countries (Australia, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States) between 1984 and 2016; and a re‐analysis of existing experimental data (total N = 140K). Our paper reveals sophisticated psychological mechanisms regulating the importance of candidate warmth and implies that candidates seeking to reduce the partisan gap should establish a warm image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent debate papers in Child and Adolescent Mental Health (Debate CAMH, May 2022) advocate a more widespread and appropriate use by CAMH clinicians of borderline personality disorder diagnoses. This paper makes the case against the widespread use of other types of PD diagnosis in children and young people. Nevertheless, it would be of interest to establish to what extent adult PDs have their roots in early neurodevelopmental anomalies, and ascertainment of personality traits can help clarify children's response to environmental or traumatic stresses in those presenting with problems such as at the interface between physical and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers are not a homogenous group and the world of the researcher is a non‐static social construction ridden with power struggles. A non‐native researcher may fail in their attempt to world‐travel if they are not open to self‐construction. This paper contributes to research that has a predominant focus on Western researchers in the global South. First, the paper examines how my African identity fits into a Western discourse of being a researcher and their intersections with my other personalities as I world‐travel. "World‐travelling" is about the plurality of selves and an opening for self‐construction. Second, the paper elaborates on violence and intimidation in the field and how researchers may succeed or fail in negotiating such risks. As a non‐native researcher in a UK‐based University, I acknowledge my plurality of selves and the skills needed to navigate these social worlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between personality and eating disorders has received significant research attention. This review aimed to synthesize research regarding the Five Factor Model (FFM) and disordered eating behaviors, to gain an improved understanding of the relationship between normal‐range personality and subclinical eating disorders. Electronic Databases were used to identify studies published in English that utilized self‐report measures of disordered eating and the FFM. A qualitative synthesis of 45 papers was then conducted. High scores on Neuroticism were associated with increased disordered eating behavior. Different disordered eating behaviors were found to have unique relationships with personality dimensions. Facets within domains varied in direction of correlation with disordered eating behaviors, particularly in the Agreeableness, Contentiousness, and Openness domains. The results indicate that, further research is needed before generalizing treatment approaches for eating disorders for females, males, and gender diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to explore the potential of a new method for assessing teamwork skills—a virtual high‐fidelity behavioral simulation. In this paper, we describe the development and validation of a chatbot‐driven simulation for assessing teamwork skills of university students. We present the results of a criterion validation study using a sample of 215 undergraduate students. The simulation was found to significantly predict peer ratings following a live team‐based exercise, over and above a teamwork situational judgment test, and a personality inventory. The mean score for women on the simulation was significantly higher than for men. Limitations and future directions are discussed. Practitioner points: Teamwork skills are considered essential, but are difficult to assess well.Advancements in technology provide opportunities for assessing teamwork skills via virtual high‐fidelity behavioural simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore Spanish curriculum policy related to song in early childhood education. By means of a document analysis, the different state governments' guidelines were reviewed. Song and singing songs are included in the official documents as curriculum content, as a pedagogical tool to approach curriculum content, and as an activity that helps promote personal and social development. In the first case, song is associated with the interpretative, aesthetic or artistic values to be enhanced in the early childhood; in the second case, singing songs is identified as a means to approach foreign language learning and as a way to gain a better understanding of culture; and lastly, as an activity that can help strengthen group cohesion, interpersonal relationships and the sense of belonging to a community. The present study findings suggest that song is taken into account as a valuable educational means in early childhood curriculum. Further study is needed to analyse how singing is approached in teacher education and how it is integrated into teachers' daily practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an adaptation of group schema therapy (GST) developed for patients with severe anxiety. An anonymized case presentation exemplifies the adaptation. GST was originally developed to treat clients with maladaptive personality traits but has been applied to a variety of disorders in recent years. For patients with severe anxiety, who have not responded to other treatments, GST may be a promising approach. The paper presents the GST model, the evidence supporting it, and its adaptation for the treatment of anxiety. The case presentation illustrates the therapeutic process and GST interventions. Finally, the clinical outcome and the implications for implementing GST are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes advantage of a unique dataset with a prospectively longitudinal, nationally representative sample (n = 5,178) that began in 1958 and has information on COVID‐19 health status in 2020 to examine the effect of Big Five personality traits on compliance with social distancing requirements and contraction of COVID‐19. The results show some consistency with epidemiological recommendations (Conscientious individuals were more likely to maintain social distance and less likely to contract COVID‐19; men were less likely to comply and more likely to contract) but more inconsistency (Agreeable individuals were more likely to comply with social distancing requirements yet more likely to contract COVID‐19; Open and Neurotic individuals were no less likely to comply yet more likely to contract COVID‐19). The results highlight the importance of Big Five personality factors for behaviour in the global pandemic and may call into question the universal effectiveness of social distancing requirements for all individuals. However, the small number of confirmed cases of COVID‐19 during the early months of the pandemic requires caution in interpretation of the results. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on financial well‐being is still in its nascent stage, despite being an important topic in consumer research. Research on the antecedents of financial well‐being is even more limited. Using in‐depth interviews with consumers and practitioners, and expert discussions, this article conceptualizes the construct of financial well‐being from underdeveloped countries' perspective. We conceive financial well‐being as a confluence of four situations—namely, meeting present and future financial commitments; feeling of financial security; freedom of choice; and improved quality of life. Our findings reveal that the objective and subjective financial measures are critical predictors of consumers' financial well‐being. Financial behavior, which is caused by antecedents such as financial knowledge, personality traits, and mindful finance, intervenes this relationship. Based on this analysis, we propose five propositions concerning antecedent‐based interventions for future scholarship in the field. The paper suggests a theoretical framework illustrating behavioral interventions in a given socio‐economic environment to achieve financial well‐being. Our results pave the way for the advancement of the theory in financial‐well being and its antecedents in different socio‐economic environments. The managerial contribution of this study lies in informing the marketers to contextualize their strategies to the financial well‐being. We also inform the macroeconomic policymakers to design behavioral interventions to improve the financial well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present paper tests the cross‐national stability of the HEXACO‐60 structure across 18 countries from four continents. Gender and age differences across countries will be examined. Finally, this is the first study to explicitly analyze the relationships between the HEXACO and social position. Method: Ten thousand two hundred and ninety eight subjects (5,410 women and 4,888 men) from 18 countries and 13 languages were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis techniques were used to test configural, metric and scalar invariance models. Congruence coefficients with the original structure of the HEXACO‐60 were computed for every culture. Effect sizes of gender, age, and social position factors across countries were also computed. Results: HEXACO‐60 demonstrates configural and metric invariance, but not scalar invariance. Congruence coefficients show a great equivalence in almost all countries and factors. Only Emotionality presents a large gender difference across countries. No relevant effect of age is observed. A profile of high scores on Honesty‐Humility, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience, and low scores on Emotionality increases the likelihood of achieving a higher social position, although the effect sizes are small. Conclusions: HEXACO‐60 is a useful instrument to conduct personality trait research and practice around the world. Implications of gender, social position, and country differences are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Conditional Reasoning Test for Aggression (CRT‐A) indirectly measures the implicit motive to aggress by engaging respondents in inductive reasoning tasks. Most research involving the CRT‐A has been based on the original English version of the test with most data being collected in the United States. The purpose of the current paper is to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Dutch translation of this test and to examine if it could be used to predict measures of integrity. In the first of two studies, we evaluated the psychometric properties and measurement equivalence of the CRT‐A across US and Dutch samples. In the second study, we examined validity evidence for the Dutch version of the CRT‐A. Results from Study 1 indicated that the test was mostly equivalent across cultures (i.e. limited differential item functioning was detected). Results from Study 2 demonstrated that the Dutch version of the CRT‐A was correlated with measures of behavioral integrity and provided incremental prediction of integrity over and above traditional self‐report measures of explicit personality traits. We discuss the implications for using CRTs across different cultures and languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a discussion of issues concerning the concept of borderline personality disorder. We start from the constitution of the borderline structure, and move towards understanding particular aspects of borderline development, both on an individual and a collective level. This discussion is based on the examination of a progression in three different concentric circles: first, the context of child-parent relationships; second, interpersonal relationships established in the school environment; and, finally, an amplification of some aspects of contemporary culture that could be related to the current importance of this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The final issue of Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health for 2023 features articles from the Netherlands, England/UK, Italy, and South Africa, all focusing on the forensic aspects of mental health. The articles cover a range of topics, including undergraduate education in forensic psychiatry, evaluation of psychometric properties of personality traits in young offenders, extreme violence by prisoners, and prisoner suicide. The articles highlight the importance of theory in their respective fields and raise concerns about the lack of data and attention given to mental health disorders in the criminal justice system. The papers provide valuable insights and call for further research to address these issues. [Extracted from the article]

This study assessed the prediction of occupational stress through personality traits, gender and occupational stress among teachers of learners with special needs (TLSN) from the southwest, Nigeria. The transactional stress theory provided a framework for the study. Data were collected through a paper–pencil self‐completed questionnaire. Data collected were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics at 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p < 0.05. The response rate was 94.4%. A total of 287 male and 185 female TLSN participated in this study. Findings revealed a significant association between extraversion, agreeableness; openness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and occupational stress of TLSN. Participants with extraversion and openness both has highest likelihood of exhibiting occupational stress. Male TLSN had a greater likelihood of exhibiting occupational stress. The study concluded that male TLSN with extraversion and openness personality traits has high proportion of occupational stress. Based on the findings, appropriate recommendations were made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of big five personality traits on entrepreneurial intentions with the mediating role of risk aversion. A structured questionnaire was used and collected data from 274 Pakistani students (university level). The hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling by using AMOS. The findings display that the personality trait "conscientiousness" has a significant positive influence on entrepreneurial intentions while the traits, extroversion, openness to experience neuroticism, and agreeableness are not significantly influenced entrepreneurial intentions directly. Neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness have a significant relationship with risk aversion while extroversion and agreeableness do not significantly influence risk aversion. There is a significant association between risk aversion and entrepreneurial intention. Risk aversion fully mediates the relationship of neuroticism and openness to experience with entrepreneurial intention while it partially mediates the path between consciousness and entrepreneurial intention. However, we found that risk aversion does not mediate the relationship between extroversion and agreeableness with entrepreneurial intention. The study suggests investors and policymakers to understand the behavior of students who are prominent future entrepreneurs and promote new start‐ups among students by providing various incentives (financial and nonfinancial). Other implications are stated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We asked authors of this Special Issue to answer the following four questions: (1) Is there evidence that personality and psychopathology can be integrated? (2) Is integration important? (3) Can they be distinguished? and (4) How can the difference be measured? Method: We review each of the papers and place the special issue in a historical context. Results: Authors uniformly agreed that personality and psychopathology can be integrated within a common structure and that this is important. The third and fourth questions were more challenging. Though authors generally agreed that there is a distinction between the person and their mental health problems, articulations of that distinction were fuzzy and it is clear that current methods cannot adequately delineate these domains. Conclusions: We summarize the issue by offering five directions for future research: (1) develop measurement tools that distinguish between the person, the context, and their transaction, (2) measure behavior and context at multiple timescales, (3) distinguish behavior and dysfunction in measurement, (4) use multimethod data to tap different levels of behavior, and (5) examine person‐specific processes. Each of these directions comes with challenges, but the payoff of resolving them will be a more principled, evidence‐based, and clinically useful model for the distinction between personality and psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a wide agreement that family and friends of people with aphasia (PWA) can play a crucial role in the rehabilitation of interpersonal communication. Therefore, speech and language therapists (SLTs) should include family and friends in the process of therapy. However, little has been said about the role of caregivers of severely disabled PWA in the rehabilitation of communication functions. Aims: To examine how caregivers of severely disabled PWA perceive their relationship and communication with PWA, how they facilitate communication with PWA, and whether the caregiver's personality and emotional intelligence modify the abovementioned processes. Methods & Procedures: The study involved 123 caregivers of severely disabled stroke survivors with aphasia. Participants took part in a structured interview based on a structured interview guide created for the purpose of this study. The standardized psychological questionnaires NEO Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI) and Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) were used. Outcomes & Results: The caregiver's positive attitude towards the PWA correlated with the active facilitation of communication. The personality traits of caregivers and their level of emotional intelligence were associated with the tendency to use certain techniques to facilitate communication with PWA. Conclusions & Implications: Caregivers' positive attitude towards PWA is beneficial for the rehabilitation of communicative functions. Personality traits and emotional intelligence could modify the caregiver's strategy of coping with aphasia‐related challenges and should be taken into consideration when providing support. What this paper addsWhat is already known on the subjectInterpersonal communication must by definition involve at least two people. Therefore, there are a lot of approaches in SLT where support is given not only to the PWA but also to the communication partners. The most important group is significant others, which is usually understood as family members and friends. There is an increasing recognition that SLTs should include them in therapy.What this paper adds to existing knowledgeFor those PWA who need constant care, caregivers may have a significant influence on the quality of communication. Their positive attitude towards PWA corresponds with more active facilitation of communication and can make rehabilitation more efficacious. Caregivers should be educated on the cognitive and behavioural aspects of aphasia and encouraged to look actively for a PWA's positive characteristics. Caregivers' personality traits play a role in facilitating communication. For example, caregivers with high agreeableness are more likely to enjoy providing care, while those with higher conscientiousness declare using more techniques to facilitate communication with the PWA.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?Caregivers' personality traits play a role in caring. Their positive attitude towards PWA corresponds to more active facilitation of communication, which can lead to more effective rehabilitation. This should be taken into account when training caregivers. Training programmes should include cognitive and behavioural aspects of aphasia as well as emphasize the need to maximize the PWA's abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper estimates whether individual personality traits, which are typically unobservable in survey data, influence the propensity to engage in interregional migration. We examine the big‐five personality traits: extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and emotional stability. We find that individuals with higher levels of extraversion and openness to experience are more likely to migrate. Moreover, individuals with low levels of agreeableness and emotional stability are more likely to migrate multiple times. Overall, our results show that personality traits are significant factors in the migration decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) are at higher risk of poorer mental health compared with children without DLD. There are, however, considerable individual differences that need to be interpreted, including the identification of protective factors. Aims: Pathways from the early language and communication environment (ELCE, 1–2 years) to internalizing (peer and emotional problems) and externalizing (conduct problems and hyperactivity) problems in middle childhood (11 years) were mapped using structural equation modelling. Specifically, the role of indirect pathways via social skills (friendships, play and prosociality) in childhood (7–9 years) was investigated. Methods & Procedures: Secondary analysis of existing data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) was undertaken. The study sample consisted of 6531 children (394 with DLD). Outcomes & Results: The pathways from the ELCE to internalizing and externalizing problems were similar for children with and without DLD. For both groups, a positive ELCE was associated with more competent social play and higher levels of prosociality in childhood, which in turn were associated with fewer externalizing problems in middle childhood. Furthermore, better friendships and higher levels of prosociality in childhood were both associated with fewer internalizing problems in middle childhood. Conclusions & Implications: A child's ELCE is potentially important not only for the development of language but also for social development. Furthermore, in the absence of adequate language ability, play and prosocial behaviours may allow children with DLD to deploy, practise and learn key social skills, thus protecting against externalizing problems. We suggest that consideration be given to play‐ and prosociality‐based educational and therapeutic services for children with DLD. What this paper addsWhat is already known on this subjectOn the whole, children with DLD tend to have poorer mental health compared with their unaffected peers. There are, however, considerable differences and poor outcomes are not inevitable.What this study adds to the existing knowledgeWe demonstrate that children's ECLE is important for the development of social play behaviours and prosociality. Whilst children with DLD tend to have less competent social play and lower levels of prosociality compared with their unaffected peers, those with more competent social play and higher levels of prosociality are likely to have fewer externalizing problems later in childhood. We speculate that in the absence of adequate structural language ability, play and prosocial behaviours allow children with DLD to deploy, practise and learn key relationship skills, alongside behavioural and emotional regulation skills, thus protecting against externalizing problems. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?Understanding the relationships among play, prosociality and externalizing problems may pave the way for play‐ and prosociality‐based interventions in children with DLD. This may be particularly appealing for practitioners as such interventions capitalize on one of the most intuitive means of learning in childhood: play with friends. The likelihood of acceptability and engagement with such interventions may be higher in children than for traditional adult‐led, paper‐and‐pencil activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]