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This paper presents an analysis of identity leadership (Haslam et al., The new psychology of leadership: Identity, influence and power, Routledge, 2020) in the 1988 'Candlelight Demonstration' in Bratislava which was a precursor to the 1989 Velvet Revolution. The analysis is based on interviews with the five remaining leaders of the demonstration and addresses three core issues. First, how leaders use performative means (identity impresarioship) as well as limited rhetorical means (identity entrepreneurship) to assemble protestors and create a sense of shared identity amongst them. Second, how these strategies of mobilization are linked to the highly repressive context in which the demonstration took place. Third, we analyse the extent to which these strategies are rooted in a psychological understanding of the processes of mobilization. We conclude by addressing the implications for our general understanding of leadership and the mobilization of collective action and the need for more research into these processes under conditions of repression., (© 2023 The Authors. British Journal of Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Psychological Society.)

Research Summary: This paper uses formal modeling and simulation to develop a more robust theory of how entrepreneurs gain access to human capital resources through their strong and weak social network ties. Whereas prior work focuses on the informational context in which an endeavor operates (i.e., is it risky or uncertain), the models developed in this paper introduce untested assumptions implicit in prior work regarding strong tie superiority, the effects of social media, and human capital heterogeneity. Through a series of simulation analyses, the paper explores a broad range of values for these alternative assumptions and identifies the conditions under which strong and weak ties are the most likely source of human capital for entrepreneurial endeavors. Managerial Summary: Entrepreneurs often need to enlist the support of others to achieve their objectives. This paper develops a better understanding of how entrepreneurs can access the human capital their endeavors require through their social network ties. The paper explores a broad range of conditions to identify when an entrepreneur's strong social network ties are the most likely source of human capital—and when the entrepreneur's weak ties are the most likely source. This paper challenges the assumption that strong ties have an inherent advantage over weak ties in entrepreneurial settings, investigates the impact of social media networks, and highlights the challenges entrepreneurs face when attempting to enlist the support of individuals with different types of human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At root, contributions to the SI account for how institutional "context" emerges through the ongoing processes and practices of sustainable entrepreneurs and the manifold interactions they have with other actors. The SI contributions identify the strategies - more or less intentional - which enhance the position or capabilities of individual SMEs and/or collectives and which are founded on practice. This Special Issue (SI) specifies an agenda for the next decade of research on sustainable entrepreneurship. Taken as a whole, the papers in the SI caution against simplistic characterisations of sustainable entrepreneurship and call for careful analysis of relations among sustainable entrepreneurs (hip), fields, sectors, society and ecology. [Extracted from the article]

Contrary to the existing literature that suggests the inhibitory or facilitating effect of housing prices on entrepreneurial dynamism, this paper explores the nonlinear effect of housing prices on entrepreneurship and countervailing effect of entrepreneurial dynamism on housing prices, in addition to investigating the spatial interaction between the two. This paper constructs a simultaneous equation model (SEM) to empirically test the interaction and spillover effects between housing prices and entrepreneurial dynamism. The results show that: (1) there is a two‐way interaction between housing prices and entrepreneurial dynamism; (2) the estimated coefficients of housing prices and the quadratic square term of housing prices (14.285 and −0.744, respectively) are consistent and significant as expected, indicating an inverted U‐shaped effect of housing prices on entrepreneurial dynamism; and (3) in geospatial terms, there are positive spatial spillovers and negative spatial interaction effects for both house prices and entrepreneurial dynamism in Yangtze River Delta cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the 2006 Research & development (R&) Management Conference in Taiwan. They said that the event which was attended by 272 participants from 27 nations was designed to discuss the ways to encourage creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship in R&D management. They add that the demand for new ideas and practices in management, education and academic research was tackled in the event. Furthermore, they cited the importance of using methods in an efficient and creative manner for the R&D managment to function effectively.

There is little research on the relationship between welfare policies and immigrant entrepreneurship. Accordingly, this paper examines changes in three welfare domains: child‐care, health/medical insurance, and unemployment insurance in the context of France since roughly the 1980s, but with a focus on the 21st century. Given changes in French welfare policy, I show that immigrants' greater access to fluctuating, sometimes declining, but overall increasing spending in the three domains, can be positively correlated with slowly increasing immigrant entrepreneurship since the early 2000s. However, I also argue that welfare policies do not seem to have a significant effect on the levels and survival of immigrant‐owned firms in France. The findings of this paper should nonetheless be taken with extreme caution in light of the obstacles to analyzing this relationship. As a consequence, I provide an assessment of three possible research designs as a route towards better understanding this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital technology and artificial intelligence technology have built an open sharing environment of intellectualization. For start‐ups, which are restricted by their own limited resources, it is wise to take inbound open innovation as a strategy to get external advanced technical information quickly. However, how to match technology resources obtained from outside with the organisation's demand is still a problem for entrepreneurial teams and entrepreneurial researchers. Based on the literature review of existing research and considering entrepreneurial teams' demand to deal with the challenges, this paper firstly analyses the relationship between entrepreneurial teams' inbound open innovation strategy and the innovative use of information technology by individuals in teams of start‐ups and based on the Identity Theory to explore the mechanism of IT identity on the relationship mentioned above. Lastly, the paper further analyses two types of team authorisation (structural empowerment and psychological empowerment) that play different moderating roles in the relationship of inbound open innovation, IT identity and the innovative use of information technology by individuals in teams. Using 238 survey data from entrepreneurial teams with linear regression analysis, we found that IT identity moderates the relationship between inbound open innovation and individual new IT technology exploration positively, and team psychological empowerment has further moderated the relationship between inbound open innovation and the innovative use of information technology by individuals in teams positively, while team structure empowerment plays an inverted U‐shaped moderation. This study has certain guiding significance for entrepreneurial teams to take advantage of digitalised opportunities, and it also has important value for innovation and digitalisation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: This paper develops a theoretical explanation for why economic inequality may affect individuals' decision to engage in entrepreneurial activities. We argue that inequality may have a positive impact on entrepreneurship because it triggers social comparison, thus motivating individuals to become entrepreneurs. Moreover, such effect is stronger for people in the middle economic status group than for those in the top or bottom groups, as middle economic status group has both the motivation and capability to take entrepreneurial actions. We use a sample of 3,879 Chinese households from 2010 to 2018 and merge them with county‐level variables to test our hypotheses. The results support our hypotheses and remain consistent across different model specifications, including models controlling for the potential endogeneity between inequality and entrepreneurship. Managerial Summary: The rising economic inequality around the world has drawn widespread attention. Although inequality may not be desired, the optimistic takeaway from this paper is that inequality might also have a positive side by motivating entrepreneurial activities, especially for people from the middle economic class. While exerting continuous efforts to reduce poverty, governments could also properly treat the entrepreneurial spirit inspired by inequality and guide it to encourage entrepreneurship. From a dynamic point of view, emerging economies, when progressing toward a more liberal and market‐oriented economy, might go through a period of time with increasing inequality. Thus different countries, due to their unique social and economic backgrounds, may not share one pareto optimal inequality ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Microenterprises are very small businesses requiring little capital and can be an employment pathway for people with intellectual disabilities. This systematic review aims to identify the facilitators, barriers and outcomes from microenterprise. Method: Web of Science, Scopus, EconLit, PsycINFO and ProQuest were searched to identify peer‐reviewed studies on microenterprises owned by people with intellectual disability published up to and including 1 October 2019. Results: A total of 1080 papers were independently screened by two reviewers. Six papers met the inclusion criteria. Barriers included lack of access to business expertise and resources, and the tension between growing microenterprises and maintaining eligibility for welfare payments. Formal and informal supports were key facilitators. Outcomes experienced included additional income, skills development, increased confidence and engagement in meaningful activities. Conclusion: Additional research is required to develop an evidence base which may support investment in this employment pathway, making microenterprise more accessible to people with intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerted effort to reduce ecological damages requires that the role of enterprises should be extended to incorporate environmental issues into their core business objectives. Despite huge developments in sustainable entrepreneurship research, outcomes of sustainable entrepreneurship uptake remain largely unclear. Drawing on data of Chinese firms, and utilizing fixed effects regression, our paper evaluates the conditions under which compliance with environmental regulation may enable or constrain corporate performance. We find that environmental compliance lowers corporate market performance and improves financial performance at the same time. We also find that the decline in market performance is reversed for large and privately owned enterprises, highlighting the role of firm size and ownership in corporate performance. When distinguishing between market‐ and financial performance, our evidence shows that environmental compliance will most likely improve market performance when enterprise carbon intensity level is low and improve financial performance when enterprise carbon intensity level is high. As we have discussed in our paper, these results have several implications from the point of view of managers, firm stakeholders, and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of regulation‐driven trade barriers on export entrepreneurship in a panel of 60 countries between 2006 and 2014. The paper finds robust evidence that unfavorable trade regulations significantly reduce export entry rate and export entry density (two critical measures of export entrepreneurship) by increasing the time and cost associated with documentary and customs compliance procedures. These findings support the hypothesis that less conducive business regulations are an important domestic supply constraint which impedes export entrepreneurship by increasing trade costs. In addition, the paper finds that the magnitude of the negative relationship between export entrepreneurship and regulation‐driven trade barriers is significantly more pronounced in countries with poor governance quality. Two measures of governance quality (i.e., political stability and rule of law) are shown to be relatively more significant in aiding favorable trade regulations that promote export entrepreneurship. Furthermore, a reduction in regulation‐driven trade barriers has a positive impact on net entry rate and survival rates of first‐, second‐ and third‐year exporters, and high‐quality governance institutions significantly increase the magnitude of this positive relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses how the understanding of family business legacy, individual identity, and transgenerational entrepreneurship of next‐generation principals is affected by role changing events in family business systems. The paper uses the insights of a focus group of 38 next‐generation family business principals of ultrahigh‐net‐worth business families from 14 countries. It corroborates that parents and role models are influencing factors on the understanding and perception of family identity, values, and transgenerational entrepreneurship. Identity inflection points during moments of expected and unexpected role changes, such as family business succession, can either positively or negatively impact the appreciation of a next‐generation principal regarding legacy, identity, and transgenerational entrepreneurship. Based on the results of the qualitative interviews and peer group discussions, the findings indicate how identity inflection points affect the preservation of the next‐generation family business principal's identity and family identity during a moments of role changes in family businesses and are a bottleneck for transgenerational entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the proliferation of HRM research, only a small fraction explores the context of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Where HRM in SMEs has received attention, the literature base remains fragmented and variable, comprising a plurality of definitions, explanations, and methods. To advance understanding, this paper uses a quarter‐century systematic review drawing on an evidence base of 137 peer‐reviewed articles. A cumulative framework is presented capturing key developments and synthesizing existing areas of research focus. Analysis of limitations and knowledge‐gaps finds a failure to differentiate across various types of SMEs, limited appreciation of SME characteristics and contextual conditions, and a dominance of managerial perspectives. An agenda for future research on HRM in SMEs is outlined with respect to definitional parameters, HR practices, HRM–performance, key determinants, and presenting issues. The paper concludes that SMEs offer a unique, fruitful, and timely context for investigations of HRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study involves a literature survey of 1710 entrepreneurship papers published in 28 top business and economics journals in 12 research disciplines. This paper finds that despite increased recognition of the importance of entrepreneurship, the research literature on entrepreneurship remains fragmented. Studies of entrepreneurship processes have been the dominant theme, but new issues of entrepreneurship are emerging. Based on the entrepreneurship reviewed, this paper summarizes potential research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: The economic center of gravity is shifting from mature markets to emerging regions. This shift provides a good opportunity to broaden and deepen our theoretical base of concepts and frameworks because emerging and mature regions differ significantly in their institutional regimes. Hence entrepreneurial resource mobilization in emerging regions could differ significantly because of theoretical differences in actors' action logics and resource governance. The eight papers in this special issue provide new empirical evidence on antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurial resource mobilization efforts in emerging regions. Here, we briefly summarize the state of the field, introduce the articles by situating them in a novel theoretical framework on entrepreneurial resource mobilization, and finally using our framework, we suggest opportunities for future research on entrepreneurship in emerging regions. Managerial Summary: Entrepreneurship research has advanced mainly using empirical data from the developed economies of North America and Western Europe. Because emerging economies differ markedly in their institutional development from developed economies, this prior research is less likely to be useful to understand entrepreneurship in emerging regions ‐ which are increasingly crucial components of the global economy. This special issue contains eight articles addressing different aspects of the entrepreneurial resource mobilization process using diverse research methods on empirical data drawn from a broad range of emerging economies. This introduction describes the state of the field prior to the special issue, introduces the special issue articles and identifies topics that still need further investigation. We distill the current state of knowledge and offer a roadmap for future scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a practice theoretical conception of gender in entrepreneurship, emphasizing the potential of reflexivity and collective agency to reshape gendered norms. While the literature recognizes the fluidity of gender and its intersectional nature, it often overlooks how social phenomena are produced and relate to each other. The main aim of this is to show, not just how, gendered norms of entrepreneurial practice inhibit practice (which has been extensively covered) but how identity and the individualized practice of entrepreneurship, can shift gendered norms of entrepreneurial practice. Drawing upon the theories of Pierre Bourdieu and Margaret Archer, this paper proposes a more integrative approach to identity and gendered norms, embedded within a social realist approach. The author highlights the need for structural renegotiation in entrepreneurship through reflexivity. Given how norms self‐naturalize, individual practice of diverse gendered practices in entrepreneurship is not enough to create long‐term sustainable change and support for diverse gendered practices. Instead, this paper proposes an integrative approach to identity and gendered norms, emphasizing the potential of individuals to shift structural norms, through collective action. This study suggests that a more balanced understanding of the interplay between context and identity can assist in the design of support for non‐traditional gendered practices and provide new insights into how gendered norms impact entrepreneurial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opportunity and resources are the two key elements of entrepreneurship, and they are inseparable. Scholars have paid more attention to integrating opportunities and resources for new ventures. At the same time, the academic community has widely recognized the important role of 'dynamic capability' in the survival and development of enterprises. However, few studies have explored the relationship between the integration of opportunity resources and dynamic capabilities of new ventures in essence and have not revealed the mechanism of big data analysis capability supported by artificial intelligence (BDAC‐AI) in the process of improving the entrepreneurial performance of new ventures. Based on the resource‐based view and dynamic capability theory, this paper integrates opportunity resource integration and dynamic capability into a research framework for the first time, constructs a new theoretical model and discusses the impact mechanism of BDAC‐AI and opportunity resource integration on entrepreneurial performance. Based on the data of 225 new ventures, this paper finds that (1) both BDAC‐AI and opportunity resource integration of new ventures have a positive impact on dynamic capability and dynamic capability has a positive role in promoting entrepreneurial performance; (2) dynamic capability plays an intermediary role in the relationship between BDAC‐AI, opportunity resource integration and new venture performance; and (3) BDAC‐AI positively regulates opportunity resource integration. However, it has no moderating effect on the mediating effect of dynamic capabilities. The research conclusion has important theoretical significance for the improvement of new ventures' entrepreneurial performance and has important practical significance for the survival and development of new ventures under the background of artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been adopted in entrepreneurial practices and generates huge economic benefits. It creates a number of digital start‐ups and changes the way in which entrepreneurial research and practice interact. Existing studies on the cross‐field of AI and entrepreneurial management are scattered. Accordingly, this paper conducts a comprehensive and systematic review of existing studies on AI in entrepreneurial management by applying VOSviewer, a knowledge graph tool, based on the data obtained from the Web of Science. The study standardizes and analyses prominent research topics, interprets research hotspots and points out directions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between peasant entrepreneurship and financial inclusion throughout China. Chinese data for the period 2006–2013 and global data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor were analyzed by using descriptive and coupling model. Our results suggest that the degree of coupling between financial inclusion and peasant entrepreneurship is higher in regions of financial underdevelopment than in other regions. This indicates that two distinct types of peasant employment exist as a result of different investment priorities in credit markets. In this paper, we provide new insights on financial breadth in supporting peasant entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrant‐run businesses are playing an increasingly important role in the Polish economy. This paper focuses on the patterns of entrepreneurship and ethnic economy employment among Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants residing in the Warsaw metropolitan area (WMA). It uses microdata from a survey of Vietnamese and Chinese residents of the WMA and employs logistic regression analysis in order to assess the factors that affect the odds of entrepreneurship and ethnic economy employment among them. Subsequently, the paper analyses the impact of entrepreneurship and ethnic economy employment on the earnings of Vietnamese and Chinese citizens living in the WMA. Empirical analysis demonstrates that Vietnamese and Chinese immigrants are not pushed to become entrepreneurs by an opportunity structure that blocks alternative options and enjoy significantly higher incomes than native‐born Polish citizens. The ethnic economy becomes a temporary adjustment mechanism for newly arrived migrants but is not lucrative for longer‐term residents of these two origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextual entrepreneurship and mixed embeddedness approach alike emphasize the importance of the political‐institutional embeddedness next to social embeddedness along with further contexts for migrant entrepreneurship, yet the aspect of international migration policies as an important institutional framework has been somewhat neglected. This paper introduces the case of political‐institutional embeddedness of migrant entrepreneurship in Japan from an international migration policy perspective, discussing embeddedness of migrant entrepreneurs and their support institutions from a multi‐scalar perspective. By analysing the migration policy context of migrant entrepreneurship at different policy levels, that is, national, regional and urban scales, it demonstrates the analytical value of differentiating policies along these scales and also their inter‐connectedness, conceptually proposing the inter‐ and trans‐scalarity of these policy contexts. By bringing issues of migration regimes and particularly the East Asian developmental state as a lens to analyse migrant entrepreneurship, it brings further approaches in comparatively analysing different entrepreneurial contexts for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These are two excellent papers that view the Modigliani-Miller (MM) theorem from different perspectives. The Leland and Pyle (LP) paper considers what occurs when the financial claims of an entrepreneur convey information to the market about the type of project that is being financed. The Grossman and Stiglitz (GS) paper considers the financial decision when the market possesses full information about the returns of firms but where the market incompletely covers or markets claims in all contingencies. These are different approaches towards the same goal of developing a theory of corporate finance. The role of the MM theorem in these studies is analogous to that of Arrow's impossibility theorem in the theory of social choice. In both cases, to obtain an acceptable theory one must weaken the underlying assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author comments on the paper "Operating Decisions and the Disclosure of Management Accounting Information," concerning the use of operating decisions as an alternative to the direct disclosure of information. He states that if entrepreneurial expectations of first-period returns is below expected returns then the efficient policy would replace the asset. He mentions that suppliers receive no benefit from monitoring entrepreneurs and are paid a constant rent regardless of what the entrepreneur does. He comments about precommitment to replacement policies was not commonly observed.

The article announces that an article on corporate boards for wealth protection by Y. U. Kim & S. Z. Ozdemir has got Best Paper Award and article on economic impact of entrepreneurship by D. Cumming and others got Runner-Up Article Award published in 2014 by the periodical.

This paper challenges the Eurocentric entrepreneurship narrative from postcolonial and pan‐African feminist perspectives. Based on interview research conducted with 24 Zimbabwean women entrepreneurs, we narrate their microstorias in order to expose the legacy of entrepreneurial colonialism and patriarchy in Africa. The microstorias reveal the colonial past as well as the patriarchal norms that disenfranchise women entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe. Yet, they also reveal their struggle, resilience, resistance and their ongoing fight to construct their own identities as entrepreneurs. The paper contributes to enhance and advance further postcolonial, decolonial and critical voices in entrepreneurship and organization studies by challenging the prevailing western discourse of entrepreneurship from the introduction of necroentrepreneurism; giving support to intersectional postcolonial and Pan‐African feminist perspectives that voice global South women entrepreneurship and, by decolonizing and decentring the theoretical debates on entrepreneurship and organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable entrepreneurs operating in protected areas face distinctive barriers that place additional emphasis on the need to build legitimacy. To date, how they do this has not been entirely explored. This paper addresses this need through an exploratory study of sustainable entrepreneurs in a transnational protected area. The results indicate that sustainable entrepreneurs in protected areas face barriers that can be broadly classified as cognition spanning, locale and sector‐related barriers. The findings highlight that a key way sustainable entrepreneurs overcome these distinctive barriers is by building legitimacy through activism. Activism became instrumental in building legitimacy with varied stakeholders and actors. This is all geared towards overcoming barriers during the sustainable entrepreneurship process. The findings add to existing literature on the role of legitimacy building in sustainable entrepreneurship by detailing the different forms of legitimacy and how they are built through activism. The paper concludes with propositions about the conditions necessary for sustainable entrepreneurs to build legitimacy in fragile socioecological contexts through activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting youth and female entrepreneurship is crucial to inclusive growth and the future economic and social prospects of developing countries. Evidence tends to suggest that young and female entrepreneurs are in a minority, and the extent and generating mechanisms of this outcome tend to be country‐specific. This collection of papers brings together recent empirical contributions exploring key drivers of this heterogeneity entrepreneurial propensity of youth and female in the context of a group of countries in Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East, paying special attention to the role of and issues relating to access to credit, attitudes to risk, and migratory status. A common thread in all the papers is the effective role of risk, uncertainty, and asymmetric information in the determination of entrepreneurship and in the demand for and allocation of credit when potential entrepreneurs are from specific groups, that is, women, indigenous women, women and youth in conflict and post‐conflict situations, and migrant youth. Based on these results, the papers explore various challenges in the implementation of public policies designed to promote entrepreneurship within these specific segments of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our paper 'New venture survival: A review and extension' in the International Journal of Management Reviews, we synthesized more than five decades of entrepreneurship, management and sociology research on the reasons why some new ventures survive and others fail. Based on our review and analysis, we provided an up‐to‐date systematization of the literature and a framework that includes important extensions to Stinchcombe's seminal work. Coad and Storey criticized our framework for basing venture outcome on skill—something that can be influenced by entrepreneurs and other stakeholders. In this paper, we argue that: (i) the distinction between survival and performance matters when thinking about the antecedents of these constructs; (ii) gambling is an incompatible analogy for entrepreneurship; and (iii) psychological processes cannot be ignored when studying new ventures' survival. We also correct some points made by Coad and Storey about our findings. We encourage future studies on new venture survival to be cautious of adopting a view of venturing as a 'game of chance'—which is, in our perspective, a potentially discouraging view for people pursuing entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paid carers play an important role in helping older adults with care needs to remain living in their own homes. This paper examines changes in the home care field, specifically the emergence of self‐employed care entrepreneurs ('microentrepreneurs'). To do this, it employs Bourdieu's concepts of field, capital and habitus. Drawing on 105 semi‐structured interviews with stakeholders working in home care, the paper describes how the interaction of changes to field structures, and altered practices of care have challenged the taken‐for‐granted acceptance of traditional, transactional forms of care provision. This process has been highly dependent on local state actors, their ability to mobilise relevant forms of capital and the factors which shaped their habitus. It should be seen within the context of changes to local field structures and the hierarchical classification processes which underpin them. These changes threaten the distribution of capital in the home care field in ways that are beneficial to microentrepreneurs. Bourdieu might categorise these developments as 'partial revolutions', which do not challenge the fundamental axioms of the field. However, for care entrepreneurs, formerly employed as low‐paid home‐care workers, a revolution that is only partial may be better than none at all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern entrepreneurship is vital to economic sustainability in conceptualising, modelling, mapping, and framing the new concept of socially and environmentally sustainable businesses. This paper explores how modern entrepreneurship can be used to identify and address productive, unproductive, and destructive social and environmental practices. By examining the relationship between modern entrepreneurship, socio‐economic constraints, and environmental boundaries, this paper evaluates the importance of modern entrepreneurship on both social‐economic and environmental performance. The findings suggest that significant institutional transformation is necessary to improve socio‐economic performance, and a well‐crafted regulatory framework is critical to achieving positive environmental outcomes. Overall, this research highlights the importance of considering both social‐economic and environmental factors when evaluating the impact of modern entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Environmental entrepreneurship is increasingly recognized as a means of solving pressing environmental problems; because of this, it is often perceived as an ethical variant of entrepreneurial activity. However, we argue that this perception is flawed since ethics is assumed (not explained) on the premise of its identification with green activities or environmental ideals and intentions. This paper examines this problem and addresses the question of how we can know when, and if, environmental entrepreneurship is ethical. As a solution, we adopt Paul Ricoeur's approach to ethics. We argue that the Ricoeurian ethics, with its focus on actions and relationships and its logic of hyperbolic generosity, provides a consistent ethical framework in which to develop our comprehension of ethics in the environmental entrepreneurship field. In particular, Ricoeur's ethical approach brings a distinctive trait to the ethics of environmental entrepreneurship through an other‐oriented disposition and a normative standard—to give without any expectations—that can be used to judge ethics in relational actions. The paper can also be of use to environmental entrepreneurs seeking a practical ethical guide that helps them in their decision making, and to policymakers committed with the promotion of responsible environmental businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of a crisis, understanding the possible determinants of economic performance can help managers act effectively. This paper examines the relationship between pre-shock firm openings and closings and regional economic resilience. Data from 294 municipalities in Brazil were analysed using descriptive statistics, ordinary least squares and quantile regression. The results show that the regions with the highest rates of firm births were also the most resilient to the COVID-19 shock. On the other hand, the least resilient regions were those with the highest pre-crisis enterprise death rates. These findings point to the promotion of entrepreneurship and institutional support for business activity as a means of enhancing the ability to withstand or recover from shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: Innovative entrepreneurship, defined as the creation of new products, services, production methods, or business models, is critical for firm, industry, and economic growth and a key determinant of societal well‐being. This special issue explores the roles of institutions and government policies in promoting or impeding innovative entrepreneurship. In this introductory editorial, we review theory and evidence on entrepreneurship at the macro‐institutional and micro‐policy levels, highlighting costs and benefits of alternative institutional environments and targeted policy interventions, as well as interactions within and across levels. We summarize the six papers in the special issue, discuss their contributions to the literature, and suggest how future work can build upon these and other papers to advance our understanding of the conditions and mechanisms underlying successful entrepreneurial innovation. Managerial Summary: Innovation and entrepreneurship bring new products and services to market, help firms and industries to grow, and generate improvements in social and economic life. The papers in this special issue explore the background conditions—laws, political processes, regulations, tax policy, subsidies, training programs, and more—that make entrepreneurship and innovation successful. Both "macro" and "micro" policies can stimulate successful entrepreneurial and innovative outcomes, but can also become politicized, be ineffective, and generate unintended consequences. The papers offer lessons to researchers, policymakers, and practitioners about making entrepreneurship and innovation more successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minority groups contribute to the economic growth and development of local, regional, and national economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Corporate Social Responsibility & Environmental Management is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Papers in Regional Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research summary This article provides a review of the entrepreneurial finance literature in the surprisingly not very well integrated entrepreneurship and finance journals. Entrepreneurial finance encompasses venture capital, private equity, private debt, trade credit, IPOs, angel finance, and crowdfunding, among other forms of finance. We analyze trends in citation activity to these topic areas across 16 journals that publish at least somewhat regularly on these topics, and we show there has been a rise in citations on venture capital, private equity, and IPOs post-2006. We highlight an unfortunate degree of segmentation in the literature, as well as topics that have been the subject of scholarly focus, and identify promising topics for future research. Managerial summary Who does research in entrepreneurial finance-entrepreneurship or finance scholars? And which types of journals are more likely to publish research in entrepreneurial finance? In this article, we provide an overview of the literature on topics that include venture capital, private equity, private debt, trade credit, IPOs, angel finance, and crowdfunding. Our review of the literature shows some elements of segmentation by the specific topic, which we explain is partly due to the fact that datasets on entrepreneurial finance themselves are often segmented and do not include information on more than one form of entrepreneurial finance at a time. Further, we show citation patterns are segmented by the type of journal, with finance journals being much less likely to refer to entrepreneurship journals. Copyright © 2017 Strategic Management Society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permaculture is a growing but little researched phenomenon emphasising care for the environment, equity, fair treatment of people and working with—and not against—nature. It thus represents a potential alternative to business as usual, capable of addressing fundamental challenges posed by human‐made climate change. The paper examines a previously ignored site of entrepreneurship by taking a practice perspective, exploring connections between the practice and growth of permaculture and institutional entrepreneurship. It assesses practice‐related and institutional factors affecting the start‐up and operation of permaculture enterprises in the United Kingdom. The study maps and surveys UK Permaculture Association members who have started up their own business and reports on qualitative data from personal interviews with twenty of them. Data analysis employs NVivo software and involves thematic analysis pertaining to the practice, institutional biographies and institutional portfolios of permaculture entrepreneurs. The findings show the importance of permaculture activists' institutional biographies and institutional portfolios to the start‐up and operation of permaculture enterprises and for shaping permaculture‐related practice. The contribution of the paper lies in how it balances attention to individual agency with subfield‐specific, organisational field and macrosocial factors in understanding 'beyond profit' entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As "justice natives," today's undergraduate students are motivated to engage directly with the world around them in ways unseen throughout most previous generations. Interestingly, secular humanistic perspectives on changemaking are in keeping with a wide variety of biblical teachings and principles of Christian social thought. At the same time, educators and practitioners can better engage these students to lessen a disconnect that often seems to emerge between social justice causes and the modern church. This paper applies a praxis‐based approach, Kingian Theology, the Beatitudes from the gospels, elements of liberation theology, Wesley's thoughts about community engagement, and principles of both Catholic and broader Christian social thought to the modern idea of changemaking, positioning Christianity and the gospels as a liberating force for equality rather than as a colonizing or even racist‐associated oppressive ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the coping strategies utilized by Muslim women entrepreneurs in the country‐specific context of crises‐laden Lebanon. In so doing, we capitalize on a qualitative interpretative methodology, drawing upon in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews. We present empirical evidence detailing how women entrepreneurs utilize Muslim feminism and various Islamic practices and values as means of coping with crises situations and contexts. We also provide insights into how the doing of gender unfolds as a coping strategy enabled by Muslim feminism in the advent of adversities. Hence, we underscore the importance of approaching religion as a social construct which is performed, as opposed to treating religion as something located outside the spheres of gender and economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate how the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship varies between sons and daughters and whether such a process depends on living in a country characterized by a high gender gap. Using the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe data set, we find that the effect on daughters' entrepreneurial choices of having an entrepreneur as father is lower than the one on sons only in countries with a high gender gap. Moreover, it is just in countries with high gender inequality that the effect of having an entrepreneurial mother is different between sons and daughters, with the impact being positive for daughters only. We also develop an individual‐level indicator of gender gap within countries that corroborates our findings, which we interpret as evidence of the presence of a role‐modeling mechanism. However, we find evidence of convergence across time of the intergenerational transmission process to the gender‐independent transfer typical of more gender‐equal countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments and donors around the world spend billions of dollars subsidizing entrepreneurship training programs. Unbiased evaluation estimates are paramount to understanding whether subsidies and investments in these programs are justified. The goal of this paper is to compare nonexperimental to experimental methods for evaluating the effectiveness of entrepreneurship training programs that provide training in management, marketing, accounting, legal, and other aspects of starting and running businesses. For the comparison, I take advantage of an unprecedented setting in which experimental and nonexperimental estimates are derived from the same underlying population of study participants. The Growing America through Entrepreneurship field experiment provides a uniquely large sample allowing for a separate nonexperimental analysis using only the control group. Experimental estimates indicate null effects of entrepreneurship training on business outcomes: business ownership, sales, and employment. In contrast, nonexperimental estimates using an extremely rich set of controls, including typically unobservable characteristics, such as previous family business experience, credit problems, and personality traits, find large, positive, and statistically significant effects. The nonexperimental estimates range from 21 to 22 percentage points (pp) for business ownership, $1300–2000 for average monthly sales, and 4–6 pp for hiring any employees at 1.5‐ and 5‐year follow‐ups. Nearest‐neighbor and propensity‐score matching models using detailed individual characteristics provide similarly large, positive, and statistically significant effects of entrepreneurship training on business outcomes. The findings have implications for choosing evaluation methods of government programs and provide evidence of positive selection bias which has more general implications on the scalability of entrepreneurship training programs to broader populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial inclusion has received widespread attention from policymakers and researchers in recent years and is viewed in most macroeconomic studies as an engine of economic growth. By contrast, analyses at the micro‐level have largely focused on microcredit rather than microfinance and reached more ambiguous conclusions. In particular, the literature concurs on the modesty of the impact of such programmes on poverty, if any. In this paper, we examine the effect of access to microfinance rather than microcredit only, as other financial services, such as savings for instance, can be put to the same use as credit by loosening constraints on investment or helping poor households to withstand shocks. Using nationally representative micro‐data from Pakistan, we provide evidence that having geographical access to a microfinance institution raises the likelihood for an individual to move from a low‐earning occupation such as being a salaried employee, farm worker or even a housewife to a more profitable entrepreneurship status. The effect is stronger in poorer regions, even after accounting for the nonrandom opening of financial branches. We conclude that financial inclusion should be further regarded as an effective ally in the fight against poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the impact of credit market imperfection on lack of demand for capital, trade, and capital flows in an economy with wealth heterogeneity. In particular, we look at the implications of wealth heterogeneity. We show that the low return of capital and lower output of credit‐intensive output in autarky may reflect lack of entrepreneurship and demand for credit due to wealth heterogeneity and eventually may lead to capital outflow from a capital‐scarce country. This is a different way of echoing the sentiment of the well–known Lucas paradox, which suggests that capital might flow from the poor to the rich countries. We also show the possibility of trade and capital flow being complements and not substitutes, as is usual in standard trade models driven by factor abundance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this conceptual paper, we respond to the calls for broader theoretical approaches that can coherently demonstrate a high degree of conceptual sensitivity to multiple combinations of institutional factors influencing women's informal entrepreneurship (WIE) and related agency. We do so by integrating constructs of gender and gender inequality with those of institutional logics and institutional voids. We find that a refined understanding of institutional voids is required to pave the way for a meaningful theoretical integration and empirical application of the related conceptualizations. We offer such a revised definition by placing formal and informal logics (rather than institutions) at the heart of it. In our theorizing, we propose that gender interplaying with formal and informal institutional logics create varying degrees of obscure and unique institutional voids that shape WIE prevalence. The proposed harmonized theoretical lens provides researchers with flexible yet consistent guidance for conducting context‐specific empirical work that can coherently advance understanding of underlying logics shaping WIE and related agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his seminal paper, Becker argues that firms never invest in general human capital in a frictionless labor market. Nevertheless, empirical evidence shows the opposite. This paper sheds light on this puzzle by developing a principal–agent model with human capital investments. The novel feature of the model is that specific human capital increases the agent's probability to innovate. Innovation brings the opportunity of entrepreneurship, which means losing a skilled agent for the principal. The results show that higher entrepreneurial income increases the risk of employee departure and the principal may use general human capital investment for retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examined the effects of the financial liberalization strategy adopted on the African continent over 25 years ago in promoting new business entry using data from 22 sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries in 2006–2017. Results from the dynamic generalized method of moments models show that: financial development via a policy of financial liberalization does not have a uniform effect on entrepreneurship; the interest rate gap significantly undermines the entrance of new firms; the ratio of broad money/gross domestic product (GDP) was positive and statistically significant while real interest rate had mixed findings; interactive effects of interest rate spread and real interest rate with regulatory quality was negative; the interaction of interest rate spread and real interest rate with natural resources confirms its destabilizing effect, although there was evidence suggesting that natural resources do not directly undermine entrepreneurship growth. Other results show real GDP and private credit have a significantly positive effect, and the cost of getting electricity significantly undermines entrepreneurship. The study calls for the need to deepen the financial sector though targeted reforms across SSA countries to reap its growth‐inducing effects on economic outcomes, while promoting institutional quality and efficient use of natural resources to achieve a non‐declining infusion of SMEs on the continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space is not an ontologically given entity; following this line of reasoning, the paper explores the concept of ethnic/immigrant entrepreneurship in Berlin relying on the yellow pages directory Gelbe Seiten – İş Rehberi (IR, published in German and Turkish). This particular yellow pages directory has become a spatial reflection of migrant entrepreneurial activities since 1996. It has also been playing a crucial role in the self‐representation of migrants after the fall of the Wall. In this context, the paper explores how individuals construct themselves as ethnic/immigrant entrepreneurs by using the IR, which serves as a networking tool for them. To achieve this goal, it looks at three advertisement strategies of entrepreneurs in the IR between 1996 and 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]