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Aim: The impact of sarcopenia on hospitalisation has been under intense investigation; however, little is known about the association between sarcopenia and their costs among hospitalised patients. The aim of the present study was to quantify the association between sarcopenia and hospitalisation costs among older adults. Methods: A cross ‐ sectional study was conducted in 201 hospitalised older adults in a general hospital. Sarcopenia was identified according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria. Muscle mass was assessed by anthropometric measurements, muscle strength through handgrip strength evaluation and physical performance by Timed Up and Go Test. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment—Short Form (MNA ‐ SF), and hospital costs were assessed with the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) system. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to quantify the association between sarcopenia and hospital costs. Increased hospital costs were considered when a patients′ cost was higher than the mean cost of an average patient (€2396.24). Results: Within this sample, 10.4% sarcopenic, 43.8% at nutritional risk and 14.9% undernourished older adults were identified. After adjustment, sarcopenia (OR = 5.70, 95% CI 1.57 – 20.71) and low muscle strength (OR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.12 – 5.15) were associated with increased hospital costs. Conclusions: Sarcopenia and low muscle strength at hospital admission were independently associated with increased hospital costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aetiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) is considered to be multifactorial. This study aims to identify potential risk factors for AN and whether these factors are specific to AN or precede the development of psychiatric disorders in general and to identify specific life events in the 12 months immediately preceding the onset of eating disorder (ED) symptoms. Method A case-control design was used to compare a group of women who meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for AN ( N = 86) with healthy controls ( N = 86) and with a group of controls with other psychiatric disorders ( N = 68), each group matched to the AN patients by age and parental socioeconomic status bands. Risk factors were assessed by interviewing each person with the Oxford Risk Factor Interview. Results Women with AN reported significantly higher rates of perfectionism, negative attitudes toward parents' shape and weight, significant concern about feeling fat and a family history of AN or bulimia nervosa. Critical comments about weight, shape or eating was the most notable event in the year preceding AN onset. Discussion Perfectionism and a family history of ED emerged as the most convergent findings in the development of AN, along with being critical toward parents' shape and weight, and feeling fat. Critical comments about appearance and eating seem to be an important precipitating factor in AN onset. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]