Search

Has skilled immigration into the UK led to a reduction in the training of native‐born workers? To address this concern, this paper describes a theoretical model where immigration can affect the training of native‐born workers both positively and negatively, and where its effects may differ according to the characteristics of the migrant and of the training firm's sector. It then investigates this issue empirically using UK Labour Force Survey data from 1995 to 2018. At the aggregate level, there is a small positive association between skilled immigration and native training rates. However, a more disaggregated analysis finds that the relationship between immigration and native training depends on the skill level of the immigrant, the skill level of trainees, and the sector into which immigration occurs. In particular, traded goods sectors show a positive association between training of UK‐born workers and both unskilled and skilled immigration. In non‐traded high‐wage sectors, the association between skilled immigration and UK‐born training is negative. These findings highlight the importance of allowing for heterogeneous effects from immigration when formulating policy or when modelling immigration's effects across the wider economy. This paper is part of the Economica 100 Series. Economica, the LSE "house journal" is now 100 years old. To commemorate this achievement, we are publishing 100 papers by former students, as well as current and former faculty. Jonathan Wadsworth received his MSc and PhD from the LSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is situated at the confluence of two emerging areas of research: a lifecourse approach in internal migration studies and in geography more broadly and studies of sub-populations within lifecourse research. The paper aims to better understand the complexities of ethnic group migration in Britain, in particular why young adults of some ethnic groups are more residentially mobile than others. The paper draws on theories of norms of transition to adulthood. UK Census microdata of migration within Britain by age and ethnic group are used. The paper shows ethnic similarities: internal migration patterns that are distinct in young adulthood compared with other ages and many common characteristics of residential mobility. However, there are also differences between ethnic groups in levels of internal migration and in how young adult life events are associated with migration. In particular, partnership brings increased residential mobility for White British young adults but reduced mobility for South Asian young adults with females in both cases being the 'partnership movers'. Being a student increases residential mobility for White British and Chinese young adults but reduces mobility for young adults from Black and South Asian ethnic groups (particularly for females in the Pakistani ethnic group). This raises issues of access to higher education. The paper concludes that a lifecourse perspective provides an understanding of ethnic differences in internal migration that were previously lacking from 'segregation' perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minorities may define themselves at a superordinate (e.g., national) level and also at a subgroup (minority) level. However, others' recognition of such dual identifications cannot be guaranteed. This paper investigates how members of a minority (Muslims in the UK) constructed their superordinate and subgroup identities in such a way as to assert a commonality with British non-Muslims whilst asserting their religious subgroup's distinctiveness. Reporting qualitative data obtained through interviews ( N = 28), the analysis explores how British Muslims negotiated concerns over commonality and distinctiveness through describing themselves as being British in a Muslim way. The implications of these self-definitions for the theorization of dual identities, their recognition, and intergroup relations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the economic effects of immigration with special emphasis on Great Britain. The author notes that, since 1997 a new British immigration policy has displaced previous policy aims, which were focused on minimizing settlement. Large-scale immigration is now seen as essential for Great Britain's economic well being, and measures have been introduced to increase inflows. The benefits claimed include fiscal advantages, increased prosperity, a ready supply of labor, and improvements to the age structure. Immigration is additionally claimed to promote growth in GDP through its selective augmentation of the population of working age. However, the authors argue that the claim that large-scale immigration will be of great economic benefit to them is false. The authors concludes that the economic consequences of large-scale immigration are mostly minor, negative, or transient, that the interests of more vulnerable sections of the domestic population may well be damaged, and that any economic benefits are unlikely to bear comparison with immigration's probable substantial and permanent demographic and environmental impact.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In most studies of early modern north-western Europe, England is regarded as the successor of the Netherlands in terms of economic leadership. Whereas related topics like institutional and technological change or changes in trade and capital flows have been incorporated into the research on the comparison of these two rival states, labour migration is usually omitted. This article aims to fill this lacuna by focusing on labour migration to the two core regions of the Netherlands and England: the Randstad and London. Two main research questions are raised in this article. First of all, in what way did the two cores and their hinterlands differ with regard to their demographic, economic, and spatial structures, and how did this contribute to different trends in labour migration over time? Secondly, what was the effect of the configuration of the demand and supply factors of London and the Randstad for their economies and for those who lived in them? By trying to answer these two questions this article aims not only to shed light on a hitherto largely unexplored topic in the comparative geographic, economic, and demographic history of the two countries, but also to contribute to the understanding of migration as a factor in the promotion of economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethnic minority populations in the UK are growing substantially through immigration, a youthful age structure, and in some cases relatively high fertility. Their diverse demographic and socioeconomic characteristics have attracted considerable academic and policy attention, especially insofar as those distinctive characteristics have persisted in the generations born in the UK. No official projections of the UK ethnic populations have been published since 1979. This article provides projections to 2056 and beyond of 12 ethnic groups. Given overall net immigration and vital rates as assumed in the office for National Statistics 2008-based Principal Projection, and the ethnic characteristics estimated here, the ethnic minority populations (including the Other White) would increase from 13 percent of the UK population in 2006 to 28 percent by 2031 and 44 percent by 2056, and to about half the 0-4 age group in 2056. Alternative projections assume various lower levels of immigration. Possible implications of projected changes are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we discuss forms of migration that are non-permanent. We focus on temporary migrations where the decision to return is taken by the immigrant. These migrations are likely to be frequent, and we provide some evidence for the UK. We then develop a simple model that rationalizes the decision of a migrant to return to his/her home country, despite a persistently higher wage in the host country. We consider three motives for a temporary migration: (i) differences in relative prices between host and home country, (ii) complementarities between consumption and the location where consumption takes place, and (iii) the possibility of accumulating human capital abroad, which enhances the immigrant's earnings potential back home. For the last return motive, we discuss extensions that allow for immigrant heterogeneity, and develop implications for selective in- and out-migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the growth of overseas nurse recruitment to the UK and reviews a number of explanations used by migration specialists to explain these developments. It is argued that these approaches provide an incomplete explanation and that an industrial relations perspective enables an integrated understanding of nurse mobility. By highlighting the role of the state in source and destination countries and by placing labour market institutions centre stage, a more adequate account of nurse migration to the UK is developed. Trends in mobility indicate that state policy and employer behaviour have resulted in the internationalization rather than the globalization of the nursing labour market. This facilitates state action to regulate nurse migration, although the results to date using forms of soft regulation have been modest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary 1. Positive relationships between the density and distribution of species in taxonomic assemblages are well documented, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Two factors that are expected to be important in explaining variation in these relationships are the spatial scale of analysis and the relative mobility of the study species. 2. We examined density–distribution relationships in British butterflies at a variety of spatial scales. Distributions were proportions of grid squares occupied: 50 m grid within 0·25 km2 areas (local), 500 m grid in 35 km2 (regional), 10 km grid across England, Wales and Scotland (national), 153 000 km2 grid squares across Europe (European), and also seven categories of international distribution (Global; 1 = European endemic to 7 = in 5 + continents). Densities were measured using transect counts at local, regional and national scales. 3. Different relationships between density and distribution occurred at different scales of analysis. When we controlled for the effects of mobility and/or phylogenetic association, a positive relationship between density and distribution was apparent at local, regional and national scales. Species’ national densities in Britain were positively correlated with their European distribution sizes, but significantly negatively correlated with their global range sizes. 4. Butterfly mobility had a positive effect on distribution and a negative effect on density at all spatial scales. For a given total abundance, more mobile species had lower densities but wider distributions, i.e. they were less aggregated than more sedentary species. 5. The decreasing strength of the density–distribution correlation, and the eventual reversal of the pattern, with the increasing magnitude of difference between the scale at which density was measured relative to distribution, suggests that some element of niche may be important in determining densities and distributions. However, the measure of niche breadth analysed did not explain significant variation in density, distribution, or in the density–distribution relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the aspects of the immigration and asylum act in Great Britain. Context of the law; Provisions of the act; Priorities of the legislation; Appeals process.

This article examines, within the context of recent history, the position of migrant workers and citizens of minority status using evidence from Great Britain and several other Western European societies and considers these in terms of changing ideologies in the new Europe. In Britain, the populist notion that black encompasses all those visibly different from whites including all those of mixed percentage is currently able to command an almost universal compliance, at least in public discourse. The language of public discourse indicates political and cultural properties, not only reflecting and reproducing these, but creating ways of perceiving relationships and problems and presenting selected resolutions. The lack of a clear, shared language which would facilitate communication reflects social divisions and cultural struggles within a process of fragmentation. In Britain in the 1960s immigration, immigrants and the host community were widely used to define race issues, locating the problems in the former and largely ignoring the latter. In the 1970s ethnic group and ethnic minority were adopted as descriptive terms for those visibly distinguishable from the white majority by their skin colour.

This article reports that the assisted migration from the British Isles to Australasia before 1850 has continued to attract the attention of political, economic, and social historians. A rich historiographical debate has developed on the political economy, both in theory and practice, of colonization. This debate revolves around the twin themes of the ideas and influences of historian E.G. Wakefield and his associates, and the formulation of British imperial policy. Fundamental to both was the recognition by theorists and politicians of the necessity for using the wealth inherent in colonial wastelands, either by cheap land grants to colonization companies for resale to private investors or by schemes of direct public financial assistance from colonial land revenue or loans, to offset the high cost of migration to Australasia. The active participation of private enterprise during twenty years after the beginning of assisted migration in 1831 was vitally necessary to the establishment of colonization companies and the implementation of imperial policies that could be regulated, but not executed, by government.

The article looks at British immigration policy as of 2013, focusing on people from outside the European Union (EU) coming to the country for higher education, and suggesting that the British government should recognize the benefits that such immigrant students bring to the country.