Search

Protectionist policies have often relevant effects at the regional level. This paper analyzes the impact of sugar import duties on emigration in nineteenth century Italy. Both for climatic reasons and the nature of the soil, the cultivation and processing of sugar beets was geographically concentrated. Our theoretical model illustrates how a tariff that favours local producers may affect residents' incentives to migrate abroad. Using a new set historical data, the predictions of the model are tested through quasi‐experimental methods which use the exogenous variation in sugar cultivation across areas to estimate the effect of interest. Results show that protectionism reduced the relative incentive to migrate away from sugar‐producing areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effect of international mobility on the education‐job mismatch and skill‐mismatch of PhD graduates after controlling for self‐selection into cross‐border mobility. Using individual‐level data from two waves of surveys of PhD recipients in Italy conducted by the Italian National Institute of Statistics, we find that migration to foreign countries reduces significantly the risk of overeducation and overskilling. These results remain robust to different empirical methodologies and subsamples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the challenges that migration flows pose on policymaking aimed at fostering human capital accumulation in peripheral regions. We employ a unique data set generated through a postal survey designed and conducted by the authors. The focus of our analysis is on the micro-level location decisions of a sample of highly educated and skilled individuals residing in Basilicata, an Italian Mezzogiorno region, who have benefited from a locally funded human capital investment policy. Investigamos los retos que los flujos de migración imponen en la formulación de políticas dirigidas a acoger la acumulación de capital humano en regiones periféricas. Empleamos un único conjunto de datos generado a través de un muestreo postal diseñado y llevado a cabo por los autores. El punto focal de nuestro análisis es en las decisiones de ubicación a micro-nivel de una muestra de individuos altamente educados y capacitados residentes en la Basilicata, una región del Mezzogiorno italiano, que se han beneficiado de una política de inversión en capital humano financiada localmente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1998, Italy passed a law (Article 18) granting “victims of human trafficking” temporary residence permits to “escape from situations of violence and abuse.” There were two conditions: the applicant had to agree to pursue criminal action against her exploiter and to participate in a state-funded “rehabilitation” program mostly offered by Catholic groups engaged in combating criminality and foreign prostitution as a form of “modern slavery.” Linking prostitution to female migration and slavery has significant implications for how migrant women are interpellated within the receiving country. When characterized as victims, these women are figured as lacking the dual capacities of desiring migration and appropriating laws that grant legal recognition. This article explores both the willed and imposed multiplicity of subject positions of these women within the fields of charitable and institutional languages. In Italy, qualifying as a “political refugee” or as a “victim of human trafficking” is often the only means of achieving the legal rights necessary to avoid repatriation. [ translation, citizenship, migration, subjectivity, ethnopsychiatry, Italy, anthropology of institutions] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both the flexibility of labour and wider sociocultural issues have historically been identified as important dimensions of the economic success of Italy's industrial districts. Increasing numbers of labour migrants from Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe are now working in industrial districts and living in local communities previously characterized as socially cohesive. Immigration status, Italian employment legislation and the micro-level conditions prevailing in districts appear as key issues affecting employment relationships for labour migrants, and the social cohesiveness seen to contribute to the success of industrial districts is being undermined through the treatment of labour migrants as people outside the national Italian community in terms of rights and other markers of citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to explore whether competition occurs between nationals and migrant workers at an occupational level in Italy. The section is divided into several parts. The first part contains an overview of the immigration phenomenon in Italy, and of the main empirical studies. The second focuses on specific aspects of domestic labor mobility in the country and how it affects immigration, and presents the dataset used in the analysis. The following part describes the approach adopted in this study, while the fourth, reports the results and the final offers some conclusions.

The article focuses on obstacles to the emigration of Spanish labor. Contrary to the consensus in the subject literature, it seems that the wheat tariff exercised a positive impact on labor emigration, rather than a negative one. Within a Heckscher-Ohlin model, tariffs increased impediments to trade and stimulated the international mobility of the relatively abundant factor which in the Spanish economy was labor. Emigration from Spain may have been income constrained, in which case higher real wages would have stimulated emigration. However, currency depreciation during the period under consideration actively discouraged emigration. The calculations presented here show that in the absence of depreciation, emigration from Spain could have been more than 40 per cent higher during the period 1892-1905. The difference is significant because of "chains" that these potential emigrants might have developed, and it may account in great part for the differences in labor emigration between Spain and countries such as Italy.