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The article presents abstracts of research papers and posters which were presented at the Sixth Congress of the European Society of Endodontology, held in London, Great Britain from November 11 to 13, 1993. Some of the topics discussed are: Modification of a resin bone cement for use as a root canal sealer, comparison between malleability of warm and cold gutta-percha, an alternative method for micro-organism detection in endodontics, reasons for endodontic treatment among Swedish general pracitioners and the incidence of mandibular premolars with more than one root canal.

The article presents research papers on clinical observations and follow-up patients at the Bethlem Royal Hospital in London, England. There are eight chapters that presents background, aims, method and clinical characteristics of patients. In the first chapter, Felix Post summarizes present knowledge of late paraphrenia, drawing on the clinical descriptions of earlier workers and emphasizing the relative rarity of descriptions of schizophrenia occurring after the age of 50 or 60 and the difficulty early nosologists had in making the differentiation from senile psychosis.

The article presents information about abstracts of various papers presented at the 8th annual meeting of the Society for Cutaneous Ultrastructure Research that was held from May 21 to 23, 1981 in London, England. Some papers are, the study to investigate the ultrastructure of the nail plate by G. Achten, D. Parent, G. De Dobbeleer and F. Stouffs-Vanfoof, Ichthyosis hystrix type Curth-Macklin had been separated from bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma on the basis of its peculiar ultrastructural features with tonofibriltar shell formation and a high percentage of binuclear cells by I. Anton-Lamprecht, B. Kern, G. Goerz and S. Marghescu.

The article reports on the celebration held at the Victoria & Albert Museum in London, England in line with the launch of the Artists' Papers Register, an online register of documents relating to designers, artists and craftspeople. The register lists papers or groups of papers relating to artists and organizations in 823 repositories. Morever, by "Artists", the register does not only refer to "fine artists" but also to designers and design groups and studios, organizations, critis and art historians. Also, the register covers a wide range of topics and individuals, from the unexpected to the most prolific and talked about.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at City University Centenary Conference, in London, England on June 1, 1994. All the speakers at the conference were former undergraduate or postgraduate students of the Department of Optometry and Visual Science at the university. One of the papers focused on the correction of presbyopia. According to researcher M.H. Freeman, any corrective device for presbyopia must provide acceptable optical quality over the corrective effect required. Another paper talked about the ocular response to sustained visual tasks. Various other topics on which papers were presented included retinoscopy, corneal regeneration and glaucoma.

Focuses on abstracts of articles on coloproctology presented at the Royal Society of Medicine's meeting in London, England. "Can Haematological Indices Predict Positive Findings of Endoscopies Performed for Anaemic Patients," by A.M.P. Schizas, R. Reid and M. George; "Immunonutrition Does Not Benefit Elective Surgical Patients Undergoing Restorative Proctocolectomy," by S.C. Mills and A.C. Windsor; "Iron Deficiency Anaemia– Useful Screening Tool for Right Sided Colon Cancers?," by Sajal Rai; "Time Up for the 2 Week Standard?," by M. A. Scott, A. Knight, K. Brown and J.R. Novell.

The article presents information on meetings conducted by Royal Society of Medicine, London, that were held in February 2004. Multidisciplinary patient management of complex pelvic and perineal disease began in South Wales in 1992 and gradually developed into a formal team with two colorectal surgeons, a urologist, a gynaecologist and a plastic surgeon. A retrospective review was undertaken of 130 case records of patients managed by the pelvic oncology group. There were no postoperative deaths and morbidity was low. Where surgical clearance was attempted we achieved clear histological margins in 62% of cases.

The article presents the authors' clarification of papers regarding the Saint Mary's Hospital Tracheostomy MultiDisciplinary Team's (TMDT) approach to tracheostomy care in London, England. They mention the responsibility of Julie Oxton in organizing the tracheostomy training sessions for nurses and physiotherapists. They clarify that the training day, which took place during the ward round under Otolaryngology supervision, was not a formalized training session.

This paper considers how literary and cinematic constructions of Essex noir expose the darker, chaotic sides to working-class embourgeoisement: initially via post-War suburbanisation and later, via Margaret Thatcher's attempt to encourage competitive individualism and entrepreneurship. Noir angles a 'dark mirror' to suburban Essex and develops a distinctive aesthetics of social and cultural change, while also puncturing myths of social mobility and suburban security. The paper points to both affinities and breaks between noir's bleak pessimism and Walter Benjamin's understanding of history as overcoming the concept of progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keeping children safe and keeping children free from worry are usually tasks that parents do without any sense of cross-purpose. In times of threat and very real danger, these two parental goals come into conflict. This article articulates the confusion of intentions amidst the pandemic. It alludes to previous crises such as happened in both World Wars to protect children including Operation Pied Piper to evacuate them from London in World War 2. The aim of this paper is to give parents and clinicians an awareness of the child's and young person's point of view, in particular, the worry of children for parents. The burden on children of fearing that they may infect parents, grandparents and loved ones generally is considerable. Parents who deny what is happening lack credibility. Parents who fail to manage their own anxieties burden their children with burdens they themselves cannot bear. Honesty about the need for safety and courage as parents to promote calm are what good parents have been doing throughout history. Telling children what they are doing that is right helps them to know what 'the right' is. The possibility is considered that we will come through the pandemic with a greater sense of what matters to our children and what should matter to us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information related to the outcome of endoscopic transanal resection of rectal cancer in a district general hospital. This paper was presented at a meeting conducted by the Royal Society of Medicine, London. This study included 20 patients who underwent ETAR, between January 1995 and August 2003. A retro- spective evaluation of the outcome of ETAR, was performed from the operation registers, clinical records, Hospital patient administration computer system. They conclude that endoscopic transanal resection is a simple operation with short hospital stay and low compli- cation rate and good symptom relief in a high risk population for whom there is little alternative treatment.

Introduction and Aims: This paper describes how substance use features in the accounts of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators in treatment in England and Brazil. The aim of the research was to better understand cross cultural constructions of IPV perpetration amongst men in treatment for substance use.Design and Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 men in community substance use treatment in Sao Paolo, Brazil and London and the South East of England who had reported IPV perpetration in a questionnaire survey. A thematic, narrative analysis was carried out of men's explanations for IPV perpetration.Findings: Three types of narratives were distinguished: (i) disputes, centred on substance use, that escalate to IPV perpetration; (ii) IPV perpetration that is explained by uncharacteristic loss of control, as a result of intoxication; and (iii) IPV perpetration provoked by a perceived betrayal, in which substance use is incidental. In all types of accounts hegemonic principles of male and female roles and behaviour provided a context for and make IPV perpetration explicable.Discussion and Conclusions: Substance use and IPV are culturally constructed and contextually defined. Understanding the meaning-making of substance using IPV perpetrators has implications for the treatment of both substance abuse and IPV. [Radcliffe P, d'Oliveira AFPL, Lea S, dos Santos Figueiredo W, Gilchrist G. Accounting for intimate partner violence perpetration. A cross-cultural comparison of English and Brazilian male substance users' explanations. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:64-71]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poland's accession to the European Union in May 2004 brought many new possibilities and opportunities for Polish migrants to the United Kingdom. However, the focus on individual migrants has underestimated the complex roles of families in migration strategies and decision making. This paper brings together data from two studies of Polish migrants in London. In 2006-2007, we carried out a qualitative study, Recent Polish Migrants in London. That research examined how families may be reconfigured in different ways through migration, for example, transnational networks and splits within families. While the study participants represented varied examples of family reunification, they also revealed the complex decision making processes about leaving, staying, rejoining and returning. In our most recent study, Polish Children in London Primary Schools, we interviewed parents, who had migrated with children, about their experiences and expectations of London schools. This study revealed that the age of children was usually a factor in family migration decision making. There was a common expectation that younger children could easily adapt to a new school and learn English quickly. Drawing on the findings of these two studies, this paper will explore firstly, the variety of family migration strategies and secondly, the factors that inform migrants' decisions to bring their families (especially children) or to leave them back home. Finally, the paper concludes by considering some of the policy implications of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of artists as precursors and agents of gentrification processes has been widely acknowledged and studied. Yet there has been limited consideration of the particular aesthetic practices and attitudes deployed by these artists, and the related urban landscapes they have helped shape and re-imagine. This paper uses the notion drawn from art history of the 'urban pastoral' to highlight largely disregarded socio-cultural and political relations of power accompanying gentrification. It focuses on a district of inner London called Hoxton where a deindustrialised location and a legacy of forms and practices of British working-class popular culture offered artists a rich resource and socio-spatial environment to work and operate during the 1990s. By indulging in fantasies and performances of the urban pastoral, these artists fashioned a new cultural landscape that not only catered to many of the lifestyle tastes and investment priorities within postindustrial London, but manipulated and downplayed the complex and potentially conflictual histories of the area. The paper argues that this capture of urban space through the pastoral is indicative of new forms of gentrification where class-based and race-related neighbourhood change occurs without direct displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a longstanding literature on the unequal geographical distribution of welfare. In this paper we argue that increasingly geography is becoming the basis for rationing access to some forms of welfare. Focusing on access to secondary schools in East London, England, where the demand for places at the more popular schools generally far exceeds the number of places available, we show how distance from school has now become the primary means of allocating places. Rather than educational resources attempting to compensate for geographical disadvantage, geography (in the form of distance from school) has become the rationale by which those living in advantaged areas continue to have privileged access to educational resources. Whereas previously the role of the state was to compensate for the unfairness of such geographical inequalities, geography (via distance to school) is now used to justify the unequal allocation of scarce school places. The paper demonstrates that not only does the near universal adoption of distance-based allocation policies in East London lead to the reproduction of social advantage and disadvantage, but also it is creating new hierarchies of school popularity and more important unpopularity which are not always clearly related to issues of school attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the social and spatial processes adopted by workers who face problems at work. Using interview data with minority ethnic workers in three local communities in London, the paper explores the mechanism people use to seek help and advice and what resources are available from local community organisations. Key findings suggest that many workers, both unionised and non-unionised find themselves isolated and unable to access the support they need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the relations between practice, knowledge and context in design consultancies. It uses a case study of design consultancies in London based on in-depth interviews with designers working in design agencies in the city. The paper argues that the relations between design knowledge and context have been conceived in two ways. The first account emphasises the sharing of tacit knowledge in a design community marked by relatively strong and durable social ties. The second approach argues instead that design is a creative collectivity with much weaker social ties and a broader range of types of knowledge. It is argued that while both of these approaches illuminate parts of situated learning and context in design consultancies, these are actually more complex and mixed than either account recognises. Both accounts overlook the crucial importance of what are termed medium-strength ties between designers and their clients that combine market contracts with personal regard and friendship. The paper concludes by suggesting that such medium ties are increasingly important in design-based innovation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores some theoretically informed ways in which to use the rich evidence relating to ports, harbours and other waterfront installations in archaeology. It argues that studies of waterfront structures within the specialisms of nautical/maritime and wetland archaeology are extremely important in their own right, but they could also be used to explore broader issues connected with their use and context. These include the cultural and religious significance of water and its dangers, the symbolic significance of landscape change, the relationship between people and their environment and the negotiation of the land/water interface. Examining the evidence of the port of Roman London as a case study, this paper explores the archaeology in its local setting and addresses a number of subjects relating to both its temporal and spatial position. It focuses on the religious significance of water and the implications of altering waterscapes through artificial construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on a qualitative study of recent Polish migrants in London (). The paper reveals the roles that different family members played in the migration narratives of these Polish migrants. In order to gain a broader understanding of migration patterns, it is necessary to explore what is meant by 'the family' and how this may operate transnationally. By examining spatially dispersed relationships, the paper aims to contribute to an understanding of transnational families. In addition, by highlighting the various ways in which families may be split, reunited, and reshaped through the process of migration, the paper argues for a need to explore the shifting ties between relatives 'here' and 'there'. The paper explores the dynamism of these relationships over time in the context of specific immigration regimes and the interplay with local attachments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with the attention paid to written texts, geographers and others have neglected the spoken word in its many forms, particularly in investigations of the power relations of colonialism and imperialism. This paper argues that considering orality as a series of embodied, situated enunciations, declarations and conversations can provide a basis for historical geographies of the spoken word that engage with representation as practice. Using evidence from the domain of law within the context of Britain's plantation colonies in the Caribbean - particularly Barbados and Jamaica - this paper argues for the significance of the oral culture of empire. This was evident in the ways in which the power of speech - through the rules on oath-taking and evidence-giving - was part of the making of imperial and colonial identities and relationships dividing white and non-white, free and unfree, both within the spaces of plantation societies and in the broader British Atlantic world. The fragility of the identities and relationships made through the spoken word is also demonstrated through a series of moments when changes in the regulation of speech in courts of law were suggested and contested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First, Allen Buchanan, in the version of his paper entitled ‘Philosophy and public policy: a role for social moral epistemology’ that he presented at the workshop on ‘Philosophy and Public Policy’ held at the British Academy in London on March 8th 2008, seems to imply that professional, academic philosophers have had little impact upon public policy. I mention an area where it can be argued in response that they have had a more benign, as well as a more widespread, influence on society than Buchanan acknowledges in that version of his paper: in legislation concerning animal welfare. Second, I question whether or not the liberal commitment to freedom of religion is compatible with the ethics of belief that Buchanan appears to advocate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how male Polish builders in London construct themselves relationally to English builders as they negotiate their place within the labour hierarchies of the building site and in the London labour market. This is based on semi-structured interviews and participant photographs taken by Polish migrants arriving in the aftermath of the European Union expansion in May 2004, and now working in building sites across London. These buildings sites are mundane elements of a global city which employ transnational labour, and where differences between Polish and English builders become significant discursive tools of survival in a competitive labour market. The paper illustrates how Polish workers mark themselves as “superior” to English builders through the versatility of their embodied skills, work ethic, artistic qualities, and finesse in their social interactions on the building site. This paper thus provides new ways of understanding the meanings of work and the complexity of identity politics within the spaces of low-paid manual work in a global city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from debates in economic geography on relational and organisational proximity as a substitute for geographical proximity, the paper explores characteristics of knowledge transfer in London's recorded music industry through an examination of organisational connections on local and global scales. The paper demonstrates that knowledge transfer within the industry occurs simultaneously across multiple geographical scales, with certain organisational connections facilitating the transfer of tacit knowledge across organisational boundaries. However, the paper argues that these connections do not offer the same scope for trust as is afforded by frequent face-to-face contact and therefore offer only a partial substitute for geographical proximity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at the concept of Black History Month and its implications for teaching and learning in art and design education. It argues that the concept of Black History Month should be discarded because it tends to promote a separatist notion of culture and that it deflects from an understanding of culture as a plural and intermeshing process. The paper interrogates history as a discourse, problematising our use of the word. The article then looks through the eyes of two groups of African Caribbean young people at Black History Month, as a curriculum initiative. The first group was interviewed at a south London gallery and the second at a conference for African Caribbean learners in Oxford. Two art and design educationalists who participated in the research project that included the south London young people make a significant contribution to the paper. It concludes with a personal interpretation of movements in art and the practice of a contemporary artist whose work endorse the key philosophical position posited in the text that culture is always a process on interweaving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses how London gay men use the internet to meet sexual partners, or for e-dating. Based on qualitative interviews conducted face-to-face or via the internet, this research develops an account of how information technologies mediate the negotiation of identity and risk in connection with sexual practice. E-dating itself is a bricolage, or heterogeneous DIY practice of internet-based-communication (IBC). A central aspect of IBC is 'filtering' in and out prospective e-dates based on the images and texts used to depict sexual identities. Interpretations and depictions of personal HIV risk management approaches in IBC are framed by the meanings of different identities, such as the stigma associated with being HIV positive. This paper argues for a sexualities perspective in a theory of network society. Further, HIV prevention in e-dating can potentially be addressed by considering the interplay of the HIV prevention imperatives associated with different HIV serostatus identities. There is a case for encouraging more explicit IBC about risk in e-dating and incorporating the expertise of e-daters in prevention activity. There is also a need to rethink traditional conceptions of risk management in HIV prevention to make space for the risk management bricolage of network society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information about the journal and presents submission guidelines for articles for review. The journal aims to cater a medium for the publication of original papers covering the entire complete duration of sociological thought and research. The author stressed that the journal will give preference to publish the original papers whose works are focused on current developments in research and analysis. Contributions, correspondence and books for review must be directed to "The British Journal of Sociology," London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London, England.

Community policing lacks a coherent definition. Despite this, the term has been used as a rhetorical device to support nostalgic and state-centric models of policing. These models are increasingly challenged by diversity. Government has responded to this challenge by advocating an ‘extended family’ model of policing. This paper explores the role of Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs) in the ‘extended family’ model. It draws upon research carried out on PCSOs in London between October 2002 and December 2003. The paper consists of four sections. The first considers the extent of PCSO integration within the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS). The second looks at the impact of PCSO recruitment on the goal of diversifying the MPS workforce. Section three considers public attitudes towards PCSOs in London. The final section considers PCSOs in a national context, focusing on two issues: the relationship between PCSO policy implementation and the ‘evidence-base’ used to justify it; and the future role of PCSOs in ‘neighbourhood policing’, the latest incarnation of community policing. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This paper discusses the process of change that took place in an intervention study of standardized multidisciplinary assessment guidelines implemented in a female ward for older people in a District General Hospital in South London. This study was one of nine implementation projects in the South Thames Evidence-Based Practice Project. BACKGROUND: The relationship between the worlds of research and healthcare practice is uneasy and contested and, as such, is a breeding ground for challenging questions about how evidence can be used to foment change in clinical practice. Recent literature on change highlights the importance of understanding complexity, which informed our approach and analysis. METHODS: A multifaceted approach to change that comprised evidence-based guidelines, leadership (project leader) and change management was evaluated before and after the implementation by telephone interviews with patients, a postal survey of community staff and interviews with ward staff. A diagnostic analysis of current assessment practice informed the change process. The project leader collected data on adherence. RESULTS: This paper draws on descriptive and qualitative data and addresses the links between contextual issues and the processes and pathways of change, informed by theoretical ideas from the change literature. Key themes emerged: working through others and across boundaries, managing uncertainty and unanticipated challenges. Adherence of ward staff to using the multidisciplinary assessment guidelines was high, with evidence of some dissemination to community staff at follow-up. Three years after the project finished the multidisciplinary assessment is still part of routine clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis contributes to understanding about the nursing leadership of change within an interprofessional arena of practice. It highlights the importance of understanding the context in relation to the impact and sustainability of change and thus the utility of conducting a diagnostic analysis in the early stages of implementation. This has implications for developing approaches to change in nursing and interprofessional practice in other settings. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Using research to change practice needs clinical leaders who are supported by the organization and have the skills to implement research evidence, manage uncertainty and build trust with a range of other professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a process evaluation that was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial of out-of-home pre-school day care. The evaluation aimed to: (1) describe the intervention; (2) document the day care received by participating families; (3) describe the social context of the trial; and (4) provide data to assist in the interpretation of trial outcomes.The setting for the trial was an out-of-home day care Centre in Hackney, East London. Process data were collected through the use of questionnaires, interviews, and researcher field-notes. Data from questionnaires were collected from 120 mothers and included data on 143 children. Interviews were undertaken with 21 participating mothers. Staff also completed questionnaires and the Head of the Centre was interviewed. The quality of care provided was assessed using the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale.Process data collected during the trial suggest that the day care provided was education-led, flexible in catering to families’ needs, and was of a very high quality. The social context of the trial resulted in financial pressures, which may well have influenced the intervention provided. Data collected through in-depth interviews suggested that it may be the flexibility of day care that is particularly important in allowing women to return to paid employment, but that the loss of benefits when starting work may have meant no increase in household income.The paper illustrates the value of conducting a process evaluation alongside a randomized trial, particularly where complex interventions are involved. In this case, where the intervention was not provided by the research team, the evaluation allowed an insight into the content of a multifaceted intervention, which is useful in interpreting the trial's results, and in explaining the possible effects of the social context on the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The new curriculum at King’s College School of Medicine and Dentistry, which commenced in September 1996, requires all medical undergraduates to have a general practice placement throughout the 5␣years of their medical education. Design This paper discusses recruitment, training and support of teaching practices for the new curriculum, reviews the distribution of single-handed general practices in the network and, via a selection of monitoring and evaluation procedures, discusses the implications of a policy which is inclusive of single-handed practices. The findings relate to the experience of the first semester of the first year of the new curriculum. It also examines the contributions that single-handed practices have made to the teaching network and the kind of support needed, if single-handed practices are to continue to contribute to the King’s teaching network. Setting King’s College School of Medicine and Dentistry. Subjects Medical undergraduates. Results The findings of this paper revealed that over a third of general practice provision is via single-handed practices in South-east London. Within the undergraduate teaching network, 10% of practices are single-handed. Students are welcomed and receive a learning experience comparable to those students in larger practices. Attendance at training events has proved difficult for some of these tutors, but the extra input from the department, in order to address this deficit, has not been onerous. Indeed, single-handed practices have not been unique with regard to difficulties in attendance at training events. Conclusions The study concludes that single-handed practices can make satisfactory provision for undergraduates in the new curriculum and there is no evidence from this study to suggest otherwise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health and illness beliefs of Greek Cypriots living in London This paper describes some of the findings of a qualitative study into the health and illness beliefs of Greek Cypriots living in London. Data were collected through group and individual in-depth interviews and were analysed using the grounded theory approach of constant comparison and saturation. Two of the six themes which were identified are discussed in this paper. The findings provide the reader with important insights into Greek Cypriots' beliefs of health and illness. The paper argues that the understanding of such beliefs from a cultural perspective is vitally important for all those involved in the provision of health care to this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines some of the data obtained from the Joint Board of Clinical Nursing Studies Course Number 650, which ran at the Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospitals, London, 1978-1979. During this particular training programme, eight nurse therapist trainees treated a total of 251 patients assessed as suitable for behaviour therapy. Data were collected from patients by trainees on four separate occasions; before treatment, after treatment, and at follow-up intervals of 1 and 6 months. It was suggested that therapists would vary systematically in terms of the assessment scores used to measure outcome. This was explored using analysis of variance techniques, where several treatment outcome measures were used as dependent variables. The analyses, which were undertaken using SPSS and GLIM computer packages, clearly demonstrated therapist variability. The results are discussed within the theoretical framework of Sudman & Braburn's (1974) interviewing model and O'Muircheartaigh & Wiggins' (1981) consideration of response errors. The implications for the selection and training of nurse therapists are presented. The final conclusion of the paper is that, although the patient's clinical outcome may be related to therapist allocation, the eight trainees allowed themselves to 'open' their activities to this evaluative approach - which in turn demonstrates their professionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second of two papers (Paper I, Geogrl J. 157(1)) the motive forces driving current development of the Central London economy are set against possible constraints on its ability to grow in the future. It is concluded that, while growth in finance and business service activity which has been the prime dynamic force within the local economy over the recent past is likely to continue, the rate of this growth depends crucially on London maintaining its position as an international financial centre in the face of competition from other European cities. Labour shortages arising from the demographic structure of its population are identified as a source of difficulty but one that can be moderated by the smooth timing of growth and an effective rail system. It is clear, however, that investment in new rail facilities will be hampered if their financing is related too closely to current revenues which are exposed to short-run variations in property values rather than to the pursuit of a longer term strategy for the development of Central London. It is argued that such a long-term strategy might include the encouragement of less essential employment to move away from Central London in order to allow greater investment in road, rail and air connections outside the central area to improve London's international accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper gives a personal and practice based account by one of the Team Leaders of the opening of a high-care hostel for problem drinkers in North London. The hostel, Rugby House, was set up to provide detoxification and assessment facilities for thirteen residents. It was part of the Rugby House Project, an alcohol agency in the voluntary sector. The paper explores the processes involved in setting up a new project; how the new paid employees turn a committee's vision into practice; how a group of individuals become a team; the importance of clarity about boundaries and underlying values and assumptions; the need for openness about negative as well as positive feelings; and the recognition that some of the experiences of staff will resonate with those of the residents for whom giving up drinking is a major life change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliable, up-to-date information on drug misuse is essential for planning and evaluating service provision, both for administrators and for those who provide a service. This paper presents routine monitoring of a treatment agency as a tool that can play an important part in achieving this goal. The characteristics of routine monitoring are described. A case study is then presented, using the example of an inner London DDU. This illustrates that whilst a snapshot of the profile of an agency's clientele can be useful in raising questions about needs and forms of support, of far greater value, especially for planning purposes, is continuous information on how the characteristics of clients and the pattern of demand on the service change over time. Not only does this reflect changing service needs at the agency concerned, but can also, when taken in conjunction with other sources of information, be valuable as an indicator of trends in the wider community and as a pointer to service needs in the future. In this example, there were marked changes over 4 years, with an increasing proportion of the client group being older chronic heroin users who had been in and out of treatment before. Other changes included a fall in the proportion of new clients, an increase in the delay between first opiate use and first demand for treatment, and important changes in the route of administration. The paper concludes with an assessment of the value arid limitations of single case routine monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Please cite this paper as: Andersson S, Rymer J, Joyce D, Momoh C, Gayle C. Sexual quality of life in women who have undergone female genital mutilation: a case-control study. BJOG 2012;119:1606-1611. Objective To investigate the sexual quality of life of women who have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM) and compare them with a similar group who has not undergone FGM. Design Case-control study. Setting A large central London teaching hospital. Population A total of 73 women who had undergone FGM and 37 control women, who had not undergone FGM but were from a similar cultural background where FGM is practiced. Methods The women completed a questionnaire containing the Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire. Main outcome measures SQOL-F score. Results Women who have undergone FGM of any type have a significantly lower ( P < 0.001) overall SQOL-F score than control women (mean = 62.44, SD = 27.93 versus mean = 88.84, SD = 13.73). Women who were sexually active and had undergone FGM type III differed the most from sexually active controls ( P < 0.05) in their SQOL-F score. Women who were sexually inactive but who had undergone FGM reported significantly lower overall SQOL-F scores ( P = 0.015) than sexually inactive controls, but were not differentiated by type of FGM. Conclusion FGM significantly reduces women's sexual quality of life, based on the results of the SQOL-F questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the local authorities in London's historic Bloomsbury district have carried out a number of refurbishments of the area's public squares. These landscaping schemes have typically been labelled 'historical restorations' in attempts to predetermine the evaluation criteria as 'historic' rather than political, social and aesthetic. Focusing on Russell Square and Bloomsbury Square, this paper illustrates how the 'restorations' were selective: the introduction of gates and railings and the removal of planting were not primarily designed to restore these historical gardens, but reflect a surveillance-friendly ideal of urban space, specifically introduced to displace the men who used these squares for cruising. Through a detailed review of archival material from both mainstream and gay media, I illustrate the shifting forms of policing and landscaping in Bloomsbury's squares, while also highlighting how homonormative capital has colluded with the regulation of public space in this part of London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background A recent government strategy has been developed to meet the challenges posed by personality disordered offenders. A 'pathways project' was piloted in four London boroughs to assess the implementation of some elements of the strategy. Aims This paper focuses on the scope and the effectiveness of 2 years of the project. Method Probation caseloads were screened for personality disorder. Risk information and pathways were monitored and recorded over 2 years. Psychologists provided consultation, training and direct co-working as interventions. Results The findings include a description of the samples identified, the range of project activity, pathway outcomes and factors associated with or predictive of successes and failures. Conclusions The findings supported the implementation of the pathways model to fulfil aspects of the offender personality disorder strategy, such as facilitating entry into treatment and interventions and to a lesser extent planning safer return to the community. The consultation model, including low-intensity direct contact with project psychologists, improved outcomes for personality disordered offenders. Implications Observations from experiences of the 2-year pilot and ideas to assist with a wider implementation of the strategy are provided. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new 300-year daily series of Mean Sea-Level Pressure (MSLP) for the city of London. Daily barometer readings recorded in the vicinity of London were digitised from several sources and by joining these data with previously available data, a near-continuous series was constructed to span the period 1692-2007. The data were quality controlled and then corrected to represent daily means of MSLP at standard modern-day conditions. This series was then subjected to a statistical homogenisation procedure. The Penalized Maximal t-test was used with several reference series to identify breakpoints in the series over the period 1780-2007. In the absence of suitable reference series, the homogeneity of the earlier 1692-1779 period was tested using the Penalized Maximal F-test. Both tests were implemented through the RHtestV2 software on the monthly and annual means derived from the daily data. The majority of the identified breakpoints could be supported by meta-data and most occur at the juncture of the component series. A major feature of the homogenised series is that the long-term mean is 1.2 hPa lower than that of the previous monthly series for London created under the EU ADVICE project for the period 1774-1999. The long-term mean of 1015.2 hPa for the new series is more consistent with other long MSLP series in the UK. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Please cite this paper as: Memmo A, Dias T, Mahsud-Dornan S, Papageorghiou A, Bhide A, Thilaganathan B. Prediction of selective fetal growth restriction and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome in monochorionic twins. BJOG 2012;119:417-421. Objective To study the correlation of discrepancy between crown-rump length (CRL) and nuchal translucency (NT) in monochorionic twins at 11-14 weeks of gestation and subsequent development of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary-care Fetal Medicine Unit, London. Sample Monochorionic twin pregnancies with known outcome. Methods Inter-twin discrepancy was calculated as a percentage of the larger CRL and smaller NT and compared among those developing TTTS, those with sFGR and those with normal outcome. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the performance of inter-twin discrepancy in prediction of sFGR and TTTS. Main outcome measures Development of TTTS and sFGR. Results A total of 242 monochorionic twin pregnancies were studied (102 TTTS, 36 sFGR and 104 controls). The median CRL discrepancy in the sFGR group (11.9%) was significantly higher ( P < 0.001) than in the TTTS group (3.8%) and control group (3.5%). Median inter-twin NT discrepancies were not significantly different ( P = 0.869) between sFGR and both TTTS and control groups (15.6%, 16.7% and 14.8%, respectively). Discrepancy in CRL performs well as a screening test for sFGR (area under ROC curve = 0.89), but not for TTTS (area under ROC curve = 0.58). Conclusions First-trimester CRL discrepancy in monochorionic twins is a marker for subsequent development of sFGR rather than TTTS. Inter-twin NT discrepancy does not appear to be significantly different in these two groups from those with normal outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Please cite this paper as: Saso S, Ghaem-Maghami S, Chatterjee J, Naji O, Farthing A, Mason P, McIndoe A, Hird V, Ungar L, Del Priore G, Smith J. Abdominal radical trachelectomy in West London. BJOG 2012;119:187-193. Objective Traditionally, the surgical management of invasive cervical carcinoma that has progressed beyond microinvasion has been a radical abdominal hysterectomy. However, this results in the loss of fertility, with significant consequences for the young patient. This report describes abdominal radical trachelectomy (ART) as a potential replacement for radical hysterectomy in patients with stage IA2-IIA cervical cancer who desire a fertility-sparing procedure without decreasing the curative rates. Design Observational, retrospective study. Setting Teaching hospital and regional cancer centre in London, UK. Population Patients undergoing ART. Methods Patients presenting during the period 2000-2009 with cervical cancer stage IA2-IIA were offered a trachelectomy, if they expressed a desire to preserve fertility. The type of trachelectomy (vaginal/abdominal) was chosen based on patient anatomy and neoplastic and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics. Each patient was counselled as to the experimental nature of the procedure. Main outcome measures Survival, recurrence and fertility issues among ART patients. Results A total of 30 patients underwent ART (open and laparoscopic) between 2001 and 2009. Three patients presented with a recurrence, two of which have died (median follow-up: 24 months). Only three patients required further surgical re-intervention because of operative complications. Ten patients attempted to conceive, resulting in three conceptions (30%) and two live children. Conclusions Abdominal radical trachelectomy provides a feasible, cost-effective and safe treatment option for young women who have been diagnosed with early-stage cervical cancer and wish to preserve their fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crossrail is a new railway currently being constructed in London and is the largest construction project in Europe. Linking existing surface railways to the east and west of the capital via 21 km of new twin bore tunnels it will run 118 km from end to end. This paper briefly summarises the benefits of the scheme and its sustainability strategy and goes on to describe the design of the sprayed concrete and bored tunnels, management and mitigation of ground movements. It finishes by outlining the contractual framework for the procurement of the main construction contracts. Crossrail ist das gegenwärtig größte europäische Bauvorhaben und beinhaltet eine neue Eisenbahnverbindung, die derzeit in London gebaut wird. Dabei werden die bestehenden Eisenbahnstrecken im Osten und Westen der Hauptstadt verbunden; die Gesamtstrecke ist 118 km lang, 21 km davon verlaufen in doppelröhrigen Tunneln. Der Beitrag erläutert den Nutzen und die Strategie des Projektes, insbesondere den Aspekt der Nachhaltigkeit, und befasst sich dann mit der Planung der Spritzbetonbauweise und der maschinellen Vortriebe sowie mit dem Management und der Minimierung von Erdbewegungen Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Beschreibung der vertraglichen Rahmenbedingungen für die Vergabe der Hauptbaulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper investigates the extent to which social support can have a buffering effect against the potentially adverse consequences of bullying on school achievement and mental health. It uses a representative multiethnic sample of adolescents attending East London secondary schools in three boroughs. Bullied adolescents were less likely to achieve the appropriate academic achievement benchmark for their age group and bullied boys (but not girls) were more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms compared to those not bullied. High levels of social support from family were important in promoting good mental health. There was evidence that high levels of support from friends and moderate (but not high) family support was able to protect bullied adolescents from poor academic achievement. Support from friends and family was not sufficient to protect adolescents against mental health difficulties that they might face as a result of being bullied. More active intervention from schools is recommended. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Start of the main construction phase of the Brenner Base Tunnel / Startschuss für die Hauptbauphase des Brenner Basistunnels Construction and finance contract for the new trunk line in Munich / Bau- und Finanzierungsvertrag für die neue Stammstrecke in München Crossrail awards remaining tunnelling contracts / Crossrail vergibt ausstehende Tunnelbau-Lose Aker Wirth to build two telescopic shield machines for the Koralm Tunnel / Aker Wirth baut zwei Teleskopschildmaschinen für den Koralmtunnel Contract for the operational ventilation of the Gotthard Base Tunnel awarded / Werkvertrag für Betriebslüftung des Gotthard-Basistunnels vergeben Investigation tunnel for the Garmisch-Partenkirchen bypass / Erkundungsstollen für die Umgehung von Garmisch-Partenkirchen Call for papers - Themes for the next issues of Geomechanics and Tunnelling / Themen für die nächsten Ausgaben der 'Geomechanics and Tunnelling' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The craze for sitting for, buying, exchanging and collecting carte-de-visites was a major development in the history of photography’s widening cultural currency. The commercial exploitation of this miniature portrait format in Paris at the hands of A. A. E. Disdéri has been the subject of an extensive study but the scholarship that attends the carte phenomenon in Britain seems content with to credit J. J. E. Mayall’s portraits of royalty for its success. This paper takes the most extensive single carte studio archive preserved in the UK, that comprised by the daybooks of Camille Silvy (dating from c. 1860 to 1868), in order to examine the question to how this studio became known as one of the most fashionable in London even before many in the metropolis would have heard of a carte-de-visite. A previously undocumented performer series made during Silvy’s first season in London provides the basis for a re-reading of his portrait venture in relation to West End comic theatre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Please cite this paper as: Oteng-Ntim E, Pheasant H, Khazaezadeh N, Mohidden A, Bewley S, Wong J, Oke B. Developing a community-based maternal obesity intervention: a qualitative study of service providers' views. BJOG 2010;117:1651-1655. The aim of this study was to explore healthcare professionals' views on the development of multicomponent interventions for obese pregnant women. A cohort of 22 healthcare professionals was interviewed. The interview transcripts were analysed thematically. Three key themes were highlighted by the interviews: (1) the lack of existing services for obese pregnant women in south-east London; (2) the barriers and challenges that need to be overcome (e.g. ethnic and cultural) when considering the creation of a new service for obese women who are pregnant; (3) the possible components of a new intervention. The findings of this study will inform the design of a programme to combat maternal obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

London’s skyline is changing significantly with a new generation of iconic buildings, of which the Swiss-Re Tower is the most well known. Despite the fact that many of these buildings are located in the City (London’s financial heart), little attention has been paid to the relationship between the transformation of London’s skyline and the recent institutional reconfiguration of the Corporation of London, the authority that runs the City. Focusing empirically on the City’s iconic architecture, and foregrounding a period of institutional crisis for the Corporation (1970–1990), the paper: first, departs from the standard analysis of iconic buildings as signifiers of economic success, and sketches a framework for examining the role of iconic architecture during moments of crisis and, second, offers a new approach to understanding the City’s iconic commissions: not as signifiers of London’s international economic power, but as symptoms of changes in the institutions and élites that promote the City’s new urbanity. The article details how the internationalisation of London’s economy after the 1970s challenged the Corporation’s insular character. The Corporation’s resistance to the ‘invasion’ of foreign companies, people and architectural styles in the City in the midst of a rapid expansion of London’s economy and growing inter-urban competition, led to open threats from the government for the abolition of the Corporation. Responding to these threats, the Corporation reinvented itself with an institutional reform and re-branded its identity in the early 2000s as an outward-looking institution, open to London’s new transnational élites. The 2002 Unitary Development Plan that introduced a new architectural language in the City corresponds to the same need to construct a new imaginary identity for a re-branded Corporation. Towering over the City’s traditional signifiers, the City’s new buildings constitute an ode to the Corporation’s new identity and a visual coup d’état against its time-old heritage-oriented planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a plethora of literature in the last few years attempting to conceptualise how the (international) firm operates in the notion of what has been termed ‘buzz’. In this paper, we aim to highlight how the use of social network analysis (SNA) can provide a nuanced view of ‘buzz’, through a focus on London's advertising industry. In this case study, we use the data on interlocking board members of the advertising companies in London, and visualise their network maps through sociograms. This method of analysis, under-utilised in the economic geography literature, highlights the intensity of connections between companies and particular individuals. It shows the paths of knowledge flow within the industry, and can highlight the key ‘gatekeepers’ within what is already known to be a highly networked and socialised industry. This is a specific conceptualisation of interaction and provides a quantitative conception of what has hitherto been largely evaluated through qualitative means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper excavates the entanglement of British nationalist identity politics with sport, terrorism, place re-imagining, mega-event bidding, and corporate neoliberalism. We focus on London's 2012 olympic bidding and the coalescence of corporate, state, civic, and sporting interests surrounding the national (re)imaginings that characterised the bid. We open with a critical reading of the bid narratives explicating how selective assertions of Britishness were envisioned through the motifs of harmonious multicultural unity, 'youth', and passion for sport. We focus on how these narratives offered up 'idealised' multicultural citizens and harmonious diversity as a reactionary form of nationalist 'pride politics' (). We subsequently juxtapose these narratives with a critical reading of English press and political discourse in the aftermath of the 7 July 2005 bombings - the day after London was awarded the olympic games. This juxtaposition reveals the tensions and ambiguities between assertions of inclusive civic nationalism - that apparently transcends ethnic difference - and the geo-politics of the 'war on terror' within Britain's post-imperial self imaginings. Specifically, we tease out the place - and ambiguities - of the 2012 olympics within these imaginings reading the London games as an exemplar of a soft-core ideological spectacle informing selective nationalist narratives within the context of unfolding neoliberal politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A seeming paradox of globalization is that while innovation and the industries and institutions that support it transcend local and national boundaries, high-tech innovative activity continues to agglomerate in a select number of high-capacity regions. Research, however, suggests that innovative regions must—through collaborative activity and related networks—both economize regional capacities while remaining open to global knowledge and finance. Collaboration and network formation are viewed as critical in this regard, as the competitive pressures of globalization are forcing firms to adopt collaborative and open innovation practices: forging relationships with external partners. Two important sources of knowledge and finance are regionally concentrated venture capital firms and large corporations, often globe-straddling multinational enterprises. While collaboration occurs between these two actors, an understanding of the processes and implications has only begun to emerge. Focusing on collaborative venture capital activity in London and the South East, this exploratory paper presents a preliminary understanding as to the role that this particular collaborative activity plays in the pursuit of complementary, extra-regional knowledge and expertise, and the extent to which this collaboration is recharacterizing the shape of regionally based venture capital networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]